IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Thrips Efficacy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Thrips Efficacy http://ir4.rutgers.edu/Ornamental/ornamentalSummaryReports.cfm IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Thrips Efficacy: Chilli Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex) Privet Thrips (Dendothrips ornatus) Weeping Fig Thrips (Gynaikothrips uzeli) Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Authors: Cristi Palmer and Ely Vea Date: November 11, 2015 Acknowledgements Susan Bierbrunner Diane Infante Lori Harrison Karen Sims This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-34383-23710 with substantial cooperation and support from the State Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA-ARS. Table of Contents Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................ 2 Table of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................................... 9 Results ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Efficacy by Thrips Genera .................................................................................................................... 13 Efficacy by Thrips Species ................................................................................................................... 23 Comparative Efficacy on Chili Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) .............................................................. 23 Comparative Efficacy on Gladiolus Bulb Thrips (Thrips simplex) ..................................................... 36 Comparative Efficacy onPrivet Thrips (Dendothrips ornatus) ............................................................. 38 Comparative Efficacy on Weeping Fig Thrips (Gynaikothrips uzeli) ................................................. 38 Comparative Efficacy on Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) .................................... 42 Butterfly Bush ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Cosmos ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Chrysanthemum .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Gardenia ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 Gerbera ........................................................................................................................................................ 47 Impatiens ..................................................................................................................................................... 60 Marigold ...................................................................................................................................................... 67 Petunia ......................................................................................................................................................... 96 Portulaca ...................................................................................................................................................... 99 Rose ........................................................................................................................................................... 100 Verbena ..................................................................................................................................................... 106 Zinnia ........................................................................................................................................................ 108 Efficacy Summary by Product ............................................................................................................ 111 A16901B ................................................................................................................................................... 111 A20520/DPX-HGW86/Mainspring .......................................................................................................... 111 Acelepryn / DPX-E2Y45 1.67SC.............................................................................................................. 111 Allectus ..................................................................................................................................................... 111 Aria 50SG ................................................................................................................................................. 111 Avid 0.15EC. ............................................................................................................................................. 111 AzaGuard/ Aza-Direct/Azatin XL/Ornazin 3EC. ..................................................................................... 111 BAS 320i. .................................................................................................................................................. 111 BotaniGard ES/WP. .................................................................................................................................. 111 Celero 16WSG. ......................................................................................................................................... 111 Conserve SC .............................................................................................................................................. 111 Discus. ....................................................................................................................................................... 111 Flagship 25WG/0.22G, Meridian 25WG/0.33G. ...................................................................................... 111 GF-2860/Xxpire WG ................................................................................................................................ 111 Hachi-Hachi/Tolfenpyrad EC. .................................................................................................................. 112 Kontos (BYI-8330). .................................................................................................................................. 112 MBI 203/Grandevo ................................................................................................................................... 112 MBI 206/Venerate ..................................................................................................................................... 112 Mesurol 75W. ............................................................................................................................................ 112 Met52 / Tick-Ex EC .................................................................................................................................. 112 MOI 201 .................................................................................................................................................... 112 NNI-0101 20% SC/SP3009, Rycar ........................................................................................................... 112 Overture 35WP.......................................................................................................................................... 112 2 Proud 3. ..................................................................................................................................................... 112 Pylon. ........................................................................................................................................................ 112 QRD 400. .................................................................................................................................................. 112 Safari 20SG/2G ......................................................................................................................................... 112 Talstar F. ................................................................................................................................................... 112 TriCon. ...................................................................................................................................................... 112 TriStar 30SG/70WSP. ............................................................................................................................... 112 Phytotoxicity ....................................................................................................................................... 112 Label Suggestions ..................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Thrips Simplex Distinguishing Features Both Sexes Fully Winged
    Thrips simplex Distinguishing features Both sexes fully winged. Body and legs dark brown, tarsi and antennal segment III yellowish brown; fore wings brown, base paler. Antennae 8-segmented; III–IV with forked sense cone. Head with 2 pairs of ocellar setae; pair III small, arising just inside anterior margins of ocellar triangle; postocular setae pairs I & III slightly longer than ocellar setae III, postocular setae pair II minute. Pronotum with 2 pairs of posteroangular setae, outer pair slightly shorter than inner pair; posterior margin with 3–4 Female Head & pronotum pairs of setae. Metanotum reticulate medially, reticles elongate on posterior half, most reticles with faint internal markings; median setae short, arising behind anterior margin; campaniform sensilla absent. Fore wing first vein with about 7 setae on distal half; second vein with about 14 setae. Abdominal tergite II with 3 lateral marginal setae; tergites V–VIII with paired ctenidia, on VIII posteromesad to spiracles; tergite VIII posteromarginal comb of microtrichia complete but slightly irregular; pleurotergites without discal setae, but bearing ciliate microtrichia. Sternite II with 2 pairs of marginal setae, III–VII with 3 pairs; sternite II with 1–2 discal setae, III–VII with about 12 discal Meso & metanota setae in single row. Antenna Antenna Male smaller than female; tergite VIII with no posteromarginal comb; sternites III–VII with large transverse pore plate, discal setae arising laterally. Related species Metanotum The genus Thrips is the second largest genus in the Thysanoptera, and currently includes, worldwide, over 290 species. All members of genus Thrips lack ocellar setae I on the head, and they all have ctenidia on tergite VIII posteromesad to the spiracles.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada Et Al
    US 20100071096A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 18, 2010 (54) PLANT DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE Publication Classification CONTROL COMPOSITION AND PLANT (51) Int. Cl. DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE AOIH 5/10 (2006.01) PREVENTION METHOD AOIN 55/10 (2006.01) AOIN 25/26 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Eiichi Yamada, Chiba (JP): AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) Ryutaro Ezaki, Shiga (JP); AOIH 5/02 (2006.01) Hidenori Daido, Chiba (JP) AOIH 5/08 (2006.01) AOIP3/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: BUCHANAN, INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC (52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 800/295: 514/63; 504/100 POST OFFICE BOX 1404 (57) ABSTRACT ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-1404 (US) The invention provides a plant disease and insect damage control composition including, as active ingredients, dinote (73) Assignee: Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Minato-ku furan and at least one fungicidal compound; and a plant (JP) disease and insect damage prevention method that includes applying Such a composition to a plant body, Soil, plant seed, (21) Appl. No.: 12/516,966 stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, or export/import timber. The (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 22, 2007 invention provides a new plant disease and insect damage (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP2007/072635 control composition and a plant disease and insect damage prevention method with very low toxicity to mammals and S371 (c)(1), fishes, the composition and method showing an effect against (2), (4) Date: May 29, 2009 plural pathogens and pest insects, including emerging resis tant pathogens and resistant pest insect, by application to a (30) Foreign Application Priority Data plant body, soil, plant seed, stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Thrips Setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the Japanese Flower Thrips, in Cultivation of Hydrangea in the Netherlands
    entomologische berichten 103 76 (3) 2016 Thrips setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the Japanese flower thrips, in cultivation of Hydrangea in the Netherlands Gijsbertus Vierbergen Antoon J.M. Loomans KEY WORDS First record, introduction, invasive species, minor pest, risks Entomologische Berichten 76 (3): 103-108 Thrips setosus Moulton, the Japanese flower thrips, has been found for the first time in the Netherlands. On September 30 2014, 22 females and 5 larvae of this species were detected on Hydrangea in a nursery at Kudelstaart. Until then, T. setosus had only been known from Japan and South Korea, where it is a polyphagous minor pest and with no known association with Hydrangea. Remarkably, interceptions in the international trade of plant products of this opportunistic species are very scarce, and this thrips has not been recorded as an invasive species. A survey carried out showed its presence in several Hydrangea nurseries in the Netherlands. However, the origin of the populations and the year of introduction into the country could not be established. Based on a short risk analysis it has been decided not to focus on elimination of the species, but to inform national and international organizations involved in plant protection about its occurrence. Details about its detection and identification, and the results of the survey, are presented. Introduction For diagnostic purposes he sent this material together with site Thrips (Thysanoptera) are known as plant pests worldwide, information to the National Reference Centre of the NVWA. especially in ornamentals and vegetables. Some species On the infested plant material, ten thrips females and five (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Your Beautiful Flower Garden
    Chapter Three Your Beautiful Flower Garden Introduction Whether it’s one planter next to your door, or a show-stopping floral garden, flowers are a bonus of color and texture we can all appreciate. If you’re an experienced green thumb, or have read up on basic gardening in Chapter Two, you’ll know that, rather than insects and diseases, most plant problems are cultural—meaning that if you give plants what they need (proper soil, location and care), they’ll be healthy most of the time. Keep an eye on your garden. Noticing problems and identifying them early are essential steps toward a satisfying result. What follows are common cultural, disease, and insect problems, and their solutions. That’s a lot to cover. We’ll start with general concerns, then focus on specifics for annuals, tender perennials, biennials, and perennials. (Don’t worry if you see a plant in both the Perennial and Annual charts. Some, like verbena and geranium, can be perennial in warmer climates.) Later we’ll discuss hostas, roses, bulbs and peonies. Photo: Pixabay. Perennial, biennial, or annual? Perennials tend to come back In this chapter: over repeated years and expand each season. They may live three or four years, thirty or a hundred. Biennials need two years to Common Cultural (Abiotic) Problems complete their life cycle but because of re-seeding, some may of Annuals, Perennials, Bulbs, and seem to be perennial when they re-appear in the same spot for Groundcovers years. Annuals can, but rarely, make it through more than one IPM Solutions for Cultural (Abiotic) season depending on the climate, or come back from seed.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitoids As Biological Control Agents of Thrips Pests Promotor: Prof
    Parasitoids as Biological Control Agents of Thrips Pests Promotor: Prof. dr. J.C. van Lenteren Hoogleraar in de Entomologie, Wageningen Universiteit Promotie Commissie: Prof. dr. L.E.M. Vet, Wageningen Universiteit, Wageningen Dr. B. Aukema, Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen Dr. W.J. de Kogel, Plant Research International, Wageningen Prof. dr. H. Eijsackers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Parasitoids as Biological Control Agents of Thrips Pests Antoon Loomans Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, Prof. Dr. Ir. L. Speelman, in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 8 september 2003 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula Loomans, A.J.M. (2003) Parasitoids as Biological Control Agents of Thrips Pests Thesis Wageningen University – with references – with summaries in English, Dutch and Italian Subject headings / Thysanoptera / Frankliniella occidentalis / Hymenoptera / Ceranisus menes / Ceranisus americensis / biological control / ISBN : 90-5808-884-7 to Giorgio Nicoli aan Lois, Romi, Oskar, Viktor & Sofia Contents Chapter 1 Evaluation of hymenopterous parasitoids as biological control agents of 1 thrips pests in protected crops: introduction Chapter 2 Exploration for hymenopterous parasitoids of thrips 45 Chapter 3 Mass-rearing thrips and parasitoids 67 Chapter 4 Host selection by thrips parasitoids: effects of host age, host size and 79 period of exposure on behaviour and development Chapter 5 Host selection by Ceranisus menes and C. americensis: inter- and
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Neomarica Gracilis (Herb.) Sprague SCORE:4.0
    TAXON: Neomarica gracilis (Herb.) SCORE: 4.0 RATING: Low Risk Sprague Taxon: Neomarica gracilis (Herb.) Sprague Family: Iridaceae Common Name(s): apostle plant Synonym(s): Basionym: Marica gracilis Herb. walking iris Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Apr 2018 WRA Score: 4.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Perennial Herb, Ornamental, Rhizomatous, Spreads Vegetatively, Arillate Seeds Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable
    [Show full text]
  • Final Policy Review: Alternative Risk Management Measures to Import Lilium Spp
    International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan December 2013 International plant protection convention 14_EWGCutFlowers_2014_June Final policy review Lilium spp. Agenda Item: 4.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- © Commonwealth of Australia Ownership of intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to as the Commonwealth). Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, except for content supplied by third parties, photographic images, logos, and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided that you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Thrips in Sri Lanka: a Checklist of Thrips Species, Their Distribution and Host Plants
    Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 40 (2): 89-108, 2011 Survey of thrips in Sri Lanka: A checklist of thrips species, their distribution and host plants Kalpana Tillekaratne1,2, J.P. Edirisinghe1*, C.V.S. Gunatilleke3 and W. A. I. P. Karunaratne1 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 2Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 3Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Accepted 08 November 2011 ABSTRACT Thrips of Sri Lanka have been poorly studied despite their significance to agriculture and horticulture of the country. A survey of thrips and their host plants was conducted in several parts of Sri Lanka during 2005-2008, with a view to record the species present, their distribution, host plant relationships and damage caused. Over 1,000 plant species comprising crops, ornamental plants, weeds, shrubs, and trees were examined for thrips in 22 study sites, representing a range of habitats in nine districts covering 12 agrochemical regions of the country. Damage in plants due to thrips infestations was documented. This paper presents a list of 72 thrips species in 45 genera recorded during the survey from 324 host plant species in 83 plant families. Megalurothrips usitatus, Thrips palmi, and Haplothrips gowdeyi were the most widely distributed species. The grass infesting Haplothrips spp., several species of Thrips, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, M. usitatus and Scirtothrips dorsalis are some of the species with a large number of host records. Thrips simplex in particular was confined to the Upcountry Wet zone, while Thrips flavus was most widespread in this region and was present on almost all the vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Thrips
    ZOOTAXA 1020 The genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand LAURENCE A. MOUND & MASAMI MASUMOTO Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand LAURENCE A. MOUND & MASAMI MASUMOTO The genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Zootaxa 1020) 64 pp.; 30 cm. 22 July 2005 ISBN 1-877407-22-4 (paperback) ISBN 1-877407-23-2 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2005 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41383 Auckland 1030 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2005 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 1020: 1–64 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1020 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The genus Thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand LAURENCE A. MOUND1 & MASAMI MASUMOTO2 1Honorary Research Fellow, CSIRO Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, and Scien- tific Associate, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London [e-mail: [email protected]]. 2Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Shiníyamashita, 1-16-10, Yokohama, 238-0801, Japan [e-mail [email protected]] Table of contents Abstract .
    [Show full text]
  • What Are Thrips?
    What are thrips? Background Thrips are tiny, slender, cigar or sausage shaped Head Building resilience insectsand biosecurity ca- with fringed wings, all from the order Prothorax Thysanoptera (pronounced Thigh-san-op-terra). The word thrips is both singular and plural and Thorax (meso and meta) originates from ancient greek, meaning “woodworm”. This factsheet provides a general Wings introduction to thrips biology and will assist growers in identifying their presence in a crop. For Abdomen details on their management, including registered Nursery levy at work: pesticides, refer to the thrips pest management plan. In addition, there is a factsheet specific to western flower thrips. Most thrips encountered in production nurseries are pale to dark brown, but may sometimes be black (Fig. 1). They have tiny needle like mouthparts that feed by rupturing the outer layer of plant cells and sucking up cell contents. When feeding occurs on new growth the primary result is scarring and deformation of subsequent expanded leaves and flowers. Some species can also transmit certain plant viruses. Not all thrips are plant feeders, some species feed on fungi or pollen and are often non-damaging. Certain thrips are predators that feed on other insects (including thrips) and mites. General biology Thrips are small insects ranging from 0.5-2mm and occasionally up to about 14mm in length. They are cylindrical in shape with their head often being more narrow than the prothorax or the rest of their body (Fig. 1). Adults may be winged or wingless. When present, both pairs of wings are slender, with long comb-like hairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus
    plants Article Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus Dinar S. C. Wahyuni 1,2, Young Hae Choi 3,4 , Kirsten A. Leiss 5 and Peter G. L. Klinkhamer 1,* 1 Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Pharmacy Department, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 3 Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333BE Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea 5 Business Unit Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Center, Postbus 20, 2665ZG Bleiswijk, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-71-527-5158 Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to Citation: Wahyuni, D.S.C.; Choi, western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties Y.H.; Leiss, K.A.; Klinkhamer, P.G.L. in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae Morphological and Chemical Factors density.
    [Show full text]