DOCSLIB.ORG

Rockburst Control Using Destress Blasting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rockburst Control Using Destress Blasting ROCKBURST CONTROL USING DESTRESS BLASTING BY Baoyao Tang Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering McGill University. Montreal, Canada February 2000 A Thesis Submitied to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirernents for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Copyright O Baoyao Tang 2000 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 dCa~da du %nada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services senrices bibliographiques 395 W- Street 385, rue Welingtm ûRawaON KlAOF14 OttawaON K1AW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailowbg the exclusive permettant à la National Libraxy of Canada to BibIiotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, disaibute or seli reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la îhèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT One of the main problerns facing mining engineers when dealing with deep, hard rock mines is to prevent uid/or reduce rockburst hazard around mine opmings. Rockburst is a phenornenon which is characterised by violent rock fülure. The current research focuses on the assessment and control of rockbursts in deep, hard rock mines. Strainbursts, or strain-type rockbursts, ocair in the vicinity of mine openings and are generally provoked by high stress conditions in a brittle rock mass. A new theory has been developed for the assessment of the potential of violent rock fàilure by strainburst, in underground hard rock mines. In this theory, the mining-induced energy parameters are used to calculate the so-called burst potential index (BPI). When the BPI reaches or exceeds lûû??, the method predicts a burst prone situation. One of the most commonly used methods to control strainbursts in hard rock mines is destress blasting. Motivated by the lack of a dedicated anaiysis tool to help assess destress blasting, a new, geomechanical model was developed. The technique employs two newly introduced parameters, a, a rock fragmentation factor, and P, a stress dissipation factor, inside the modelled, hctured zone. hplemented in a 3-dimensional finite element code developed by the author, the new model simulates the damage zone induced by destress blasting of a mining face to help evaluate the efficiency of destress blasting. Extensive model venfication and pmmetric studies have been undertaken. The effects of the destress blasting pattern, premining stresses and their orientation, and the two destress blasting factors (rock fragmentation factor, and stress dissipation factor) are studied. The model has been applied successfully to Canaâian mine case histories. A detailed case study of a ait-and-fil1 mine stope involving crown and siIl pillar destressing has been carried out. It is shown that the new method can be useful in the assessment of destress blasting in deep drifi face development and the mwnlsill pillar problems in cut-and-fil1 mine stopes. Un des principaux problèmes auquel est confionté l'ingénieur des mines les mines profondes de roches dures est la prhention et la réduction des coups de terrain autour des excavations minières. Le coup de terrain est un phénomène qui est caractérisé par une violente rupture de roche. Cette recherche traite de l'estimation a du contrôle des coups de terrain dans les mines de roches dures. Les coups de terrain se produisent aux alentours des excavations minières et sont généralement provoqués par des conditions de contraintes élevées dans les massifs rocheux peu hcturés. Une nouvelle théorie a été développée pour l'estimation du potentiel de rupture violente de la roche par les coups de terrain dans les mines souterraines de roches dures. Dans cette théorie, les paramètres d'énergie induite dans les mines sont utilisés pour calculer l'indice BPI (burst potential index). Quand le BPI atteint ou dépasse 10W,la méthode prédit une possibilité d'avoir une situation de coup de terrain. L'une des méthodes les plus couramment utilisées pour le contrôle des coups de terrain dans les mines de roches dures est le tir de relaxation. Motivé par le manque d'un outil d'analyse pour I'evaluation des tirs de relaxation, un nouveau modéle géomécanique a et6 développé. La technique utilise deux nouveaux paramètres, a ,un facteur de fragmentation de la roche, a p, un facteur de dissipation de contraintes, à l'intérieur de la zone fracturée modélisée. Introduit dans un code d'éléments finis développé par l'auteur, le nouveau modèle simule la zone de dommage induite par les tirs de relaxation de la face minière pour aider à évaluer l'efficacité des tirs de relaxation. Une vérification du modèle a des études paramétriques ont été menées. Les effets du schéma des tirs de relaxation, des contraintes initiales a leur orientation, et des deux facteurs de tirs de relaxations ( facteur de fragmentation de la roche, et facteur de dissipation de contraintes) sont étudiés. Le modèle a été appliqué avec succès à des analyses sur des cas d'études de mines canadiennes. Un cas d'étude détaillé de tirs de relaxation dans les ouvertures minieres de type coupe et remblai a été mené. Cela a montré que la nouvelle méthode peut être utile dans l'estimation des tirs de relaxation dans les problèmes de développement de face de tunnel et des piliers horizontaux dans les ouvernires minières de type coupe a remblai dans les mines profondes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It's a gnat pleasure to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof Hani S. Mitri for his guidance and encouragement throughout the research and his financial support; without these supports, this thesis wouldn't have been a reality. 1 would like tu acknowledge the warmth and fnendship of my fiiends at McGill University, specially of the numericai modelling group. Acknowledgements are especially due tu Mr. Wilfiid Comeau and Mr. Joseph Manvan for their kindness and help during this project. 1 am particularly indebted to my wife Yang Xia for her understanding, love and help al1 dong the project. 1 would also like to express my special feelings to rny son, Tian Hao, for the time 1 spent on my project which part of them should belong to him. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................ ................................................................. i .- RÉSUMÉ... .............. .. ...... ........... ....--...... .... ... ........ .... .... ..... .. ........... .... ...... .. .... .. ....... .-.-.... II ... ACKNO W LEDGEMENTS ... .................... .. ..... ......... .. ... .. ............... ........ ......... ... ..... ... .... 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xx . NOTATION ....... .. .... .. ... .. .... .-... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .XXI 1 CHAPTER 1 tNTRODUCTION 1 . 1 GENERAL .. ....... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .... .. .. .... .. 1 - 1 1 .Z CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKBURST MECHANISMS .....,.,..............................1-2 1 -3 ROCKB URST ALLEVIATION AND CONTROL iMETHODS .. 1 -4 1.3.1 Alternative Mining Mrthods andlor Mining Sequrnces................................... 1-5 1.3.2 Ground Support .................................... ..... ............... ........ ................... 1-6 1.3.3 Ground Preconditioning ................................................... ....... ......... 1-8 1 .J SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES .......................................... .................... ............. 1 - 1 1 1 .a. 1 Research Scope ...... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. - 1 1 1.4.2 Objectives ..................................................................................................... 1-12 1 -5 THESIS OUTLINE .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... 1- 1 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE EVALUATION OF ROCKBURST POTENTIAL 2.1 INTRODUCTION ....... ,.................. ..... ..................................................... .. - .....2- I Table of Conrenrs .. .. - .. 2.2 ROCKBURST POTENTUU EVALUATION USING ROCK MECHANICS METHODS ................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2. t Stress Method .................................................................................................... 3 -2 2.2.1.1 Hard rock behaviour under uniaxial compression ..............................3 -2 2.2.1.2 Brittleness of Rocks ............................................................... 2.3 2.3.1.3 Failure Duration Index (Dt)..................................................... -2-3 2.2.1.4 Activity index .......................................................................3 -4 3.2.1S Excess Shear Stress (ESS)......................................................... 7 4 2.2.1.6 Stress State ..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download the Scanned
    'fnp AtvrERrcAN MrxERALocrsr JOURNAL OF THE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vor,. 8 JUNE, 1923 No.5 MINERALOGRAPHY AS AN AID TO MILLING1 Brrrs TsousoN,University of Toronto The accurate determination of the opaque minerals present in an ore is very often of prime importance to the mill-man if he would work out the problem of separation intelligently. It is sufficiently obvious that a chemical analysis or an assay will only give him data as to the elements present and will leave him more or lessin the dark as to the minerals representedin the ore. Since it has been found that certain sulfidesare more amenable to flota- tion methods than others, the value of accurate mineralogical determination of the ores would appear to be particularly necessary 'in this form of milling. However, it should also be quite evident that any milling problem would be benefited at its inception by a careful study of the mineral content of the ore, the approximate quantitative proportions of the minerals present, and their mutual inter-relationships. As far as the writer is aware the only satisfactory method for examining these ores microscopically is by means of , polished sections in reflected light. This branch of Mineralogy, known variously as Mineralography or Mineragraphy, may also be applied to the microscopic study of mill-products in the difierent stages of separation. Where the fragmental ma-terial is fairly coarse a thin layer of it may be set in melted sealing-wax and polished in the ordinary way. If the material is fine enough to pass through a 4S-meshscreen, before polishing, it must be mixed with a combination of melted sealing-wax and balsam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development and Application of Destressing
    The Development and Application of Destressing Techniques in the Mines of INCO Limited, Sudbury, Ontario. By J. Denis P. O'Donnell Sr. Laurentian University SUDBURY. Ontario. A thesis submitted to the School of Graduatr Studies in partial fulfilrnent of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. Apr. Yd. 1999 APPDEMCAoc O Copyright by J. Denis P. O'Donnell Sr. 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale I*I of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Canada Canada Your fi& Votre réUnmai Ow fi/e Notre reierence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowuig the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of ths thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. iii Acknowledgements The destressing project. the research. and compilation of this thesis was carrird out with the help and encouragement of a number of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Activity in the Northern Ontario Portion of the Canadian Shield: Annual Progress Report for the Period January 01 – December 31, 2014
    Seismic Activity in the Northern Ontario Portion of the Canadian Shield: Annual Progress Report for the Period January 01 – December 31, 2014 NWMO-TR-2015-21 December 2015 J. Adams1 J.A. Drysdale1 S. Halchuk1 P. Street1 V. Peci2 1 Canadian Hazards Information Service, Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada Government of Canada 2 V.Peci under contract Nuclear Waste Management Organization 22 St. Clair Avenue East, 6th Floor Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S3 Canada Tel: 416-934-9814 Web: www.nwmo.ca i Seismic Activity in the Northern Ontario Portion of the Canadian Shield: Annual Progress Report for the Period January 01 – December 31, 2014 NWMO-TR-2015-21 December 2015 J. Adams1 J.A. Drysdale1 S. Halchuk1 P. Street1 V. Peci2 1 Canadian Hazards Information Service Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada Government of Canada 2 V. Peci under contract This report has been prepared under contract to NWMO. The report has been reviewed by NWMO, but the views and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the NWMO. All copyright and intellectual property rights belong to NWMO. ii Document History Seismic Activity in the Northern Ontario Portion of the Canadian Shield: Title: Annual Progress Report for the Period January 01 – December 31, 2014 Report Number: NWMO-TR-2015-21 Revision: R000 Date: December December 2015 Canadian Hazards Information Service, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada Authored by: J. Adams, J.A. Drysdale, S. Halchuk, P. Street and V. Peci, Verified by: J.A. Drysdale Approved by: J Adams Nuclear Waste Management Organization Reviewed by: Richard Crowe Accepted by: Mark Jensen iii ABSTRACT Title: Seismic Activity in the Northern Ontario Portion of the Canadian Shield: Annual Progress Report for the Period January 01 – December 31, 2014 Report No.: NWMO-TR-2015-21 Author(s): J.
    [Show full text]
  • 1985, November
    Publications Editor Trialngle Peter vom Scheidt Writer In this issue Frank Pagnucco Published by the Public Affairs Fun is first Department of Inco Limited, Copper Cliff, A sense of family is what makes the Salto Gymnastics Ontario PPM INO - Phone 705-682-5425 Club special. 4 Creighton deep On the cover Innovative techniques and equipment allow development of orebody below 7,000 level to be Our stylistic version of Canada carried out in an efficient and cost effective planner. 10 Geese flying south reminds us that Fall has arrived and that Summer is officially over. This seasonal change comes too fast Classic Cars for some and for others it doesn't happen fast enough. Classic cars help classy people raise money for community projects. But our cover doesn't just 14 symbolize the changing seasons it also features the newest tenants United Way of Inco's tailings area. To learn This year's United Way campaign for employees in the more about these new guests see Sudbury area will take place during the week of story beginning on page 16 of October 21. All money collected will go to one of 19 this issue. Sudbury agencies. 22 Cliff smelter complex who appear in the next issue. praised the significant milestone. In order to publish the large Ernie, a lubrication engineer backlog of retirement interviews inspector at the smelter, says that have occurred during the safety is something he considers past few months it was necessary every day on the job. "I think that the last edition of the about safety first," he states.
    [Show full text]
  • Myths of Deep and High Stress Mining — Reality Checks with Case Histories
    Deep Mining 2017: Eighth International Conference on Deep and High Stress Mining – J Wesseloo (ed.) © 2017 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9924810-6-3 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1704_58_Suorineni Myths of deep and high stress mining — reality checks with case histories FT Suorineni University of New South Wales, Australia Abstract The theme of this conference is ‘deep and high stress mining’. Obviously, mining at depth and in high stress is a current challenge and will continue to be so. Despite the several years of dedication to this subject and its importance, the definition of what is ‘deep’ and ‘high stress’ remains a matter of conjecture. Clear understanding of these terms, are fundamental to the design of excavations to achieve the benefits of the knowledge accumulated on the subject over the years. This paper aims at critically examining conditions that constitute high stress and explores what is ‘depth’ in the mining context. International case histories are used to demonstrate how a misunderstanding of ‘depth’ and ‘high stress’ can result in wrong mine layouts and excavation designs. The paper then provides conditions that constitute high stress and deep mining as a guide to mine layouts and the design of excavations to cope with these conditions. Keywords: deep mining, high stress, case histories 1 Introduction Stress is a significant factor in determining the safe and economic extraction of orebodies and, hence, an important consideration in determining mining methods. Stacey and Wesseloo (1998) state that from the point of view of planning of mining operations, the in situ stress field is the most important input parameter for modelling of excavations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Nickel Sulphide Deposits Within the Area of the Canadian Shield
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 1970 A Comparative Study of Nickel Sulphide Deposits Within the Area of the Canadian Shield Robert G. Kreiner Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Kreiner, Robert G., "A Comparative Study of Nickel Sulphide Deposits Within the Area of the Canadian Shield" (1970). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1528. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1528 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NICKEL SULPHIDE DEPOSITS WITHIN THE AREA OF THE CANADIAN SHIELD BY Robert G. Kreiner Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for theM.A. Degree in Geography Faculty of Graduate Studies Waterloo Lutheran University Waterloo, Ontario 1970 Property ii i,\j Library Waterloo University College UMI Number: EC56498 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI EC56498 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sudbury Basin Stress Tensor – Myth Or Reality?
    Deep Mining 2014 – M Hudyma and Y Potvin (eds) © 2014 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9870937-9-0 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1410_43_Suorineni The Sudbury Basin stress tensor – myth or reality? FT Suorineni The University of New South Wales, Australia F Malek Vale Canada Ltd., Canada Abstract Sudbury Basin is host to many underground mines, most of which are seismically active. Some of these mines, e.g. Creighton Mine, have been in operation for over a century and can be said to be matured. Others, e.g. Glencore Xstrata Nickel Rim South Mine, have just been opened and can be classified as young. Several in situ stress measurements have been performed in these mines over the years. Mine seismicity and rockburst research has been very active in the Sudbury Basin since 1984 following the then Falconbridge Mine disaster. Stress tensor is one of the critical inputs in numerical models for the assessment of excavation performance, support demand and rockbursts and seismicity potential. It is also an important input in closed-form solutions for similar purposes. Over the years, several technical reports have referred to a Sudbury Basin stress tensor. In a recent review study of stress measurements in the Sudbury Basin as a means of validating the so called Sudbury Basin stress tensor, the supposed stress tensor source could be hardly identified. It is important to recognise that in situ stress measurement errors remain significantly high and would be unacceptable in any other branch of engineering (Hoek 1994). To improve confidence in these measurements several carefully measured data are required.
    [Show full text]
  • Examples of Ground Support Practice in Challenging Ground Conditions at Vale’S Deep Operations in Sudbury
    Deep Mining 2014 – M Hudyma and Y Potvin (eds) © 2014 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-9870937-9-0 doi:10.36487/ACG_rep/1410_19_Yao Examples of ground support practice in challenging ground conditions at Vale’s deep operations in Sudbury M Yao Vale Canada Ltd., Canada A Sampson-Forsythe Vale Canada Ltd., Canada AR Punkkinen Vale Canada Ltd., Canada Abstract Vale has operated a number of underground mines in the Ontario division in Sudbury for over a century. During this time, numerous mining methods have been employed including cut-and-fill, drift-and-fill, post pillar cut-and-fill, modified sublevel caving, underhand cut-and-fill/drift and fill plus bulk mining methods such as vertical retreat mining (VRM)/slot-slash, uppers retreat and underhand bulk mining. The division hosts a wide variety of orebodies of varying geometries, many of these at advanced stages of mining extraction. Consequently, the geomechanical challenges are substantial and include both gravity-driven and rockburst-prone ground failure conditions that are further exacerbated by rock mass characteristics and ever-increasing mining depths. Typically the gravity-driven scenarios include the recovery of remnant pillars in old mined out areas, mining through consolidated backfill and recovery of post-failure sill pillars. Burst-prone conditions become a challenge when mining through stiff and brittle geological structures, upon recovery of highly stressed sill pillars in narrow vein ore bodies or when mining at depths in excess of 2,500 m from surface. Gravity driven and stress induced ground failures may occur simultaneously. Underhand cut-and-fill for sill pillar recovery in narrow vein ore bodies are also known to involve risk from both of these failure mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Orientation of Exsolved Pentlandite in Natural and Synthetic Nickeliferous
    AmericanMineralogist, Volume61, pages913-920, 1976 Orientationof exsolvedpentlandite in naturaland synthetic nickeliferous pyrrhotite Cenr A. FRANCISI,MtcHesl E. FLestz, KuL,q MlsnA.8,AND JenrEs R. Cnntcl rDepartment of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Uniuersity, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 2Department of Geology, The Uniuersity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A3K7 sDepartment of Geological Sciences, The Uniuersity of Tennessee,Knoxuille, Tennessee37916 Abstract Pentlandite(pn), (Fe, Ni)rSB,exsolves from nickeliferouspyrrhotite (po), (Fe, Ni)r-,S, in the form of flamesexhibiting weak reflectionanisotropism and preferredorientation. X-ray precessionstudies on both natural and syntheticcrystals have establishedthe orientation relation:(111)pnll (00.1)po; (0Tl )pn ll (l 1.0)po;(TT2)pn ll (10.0)po.In synthesisexperiments, rapidlyquenched samples of (Fe,Ni)r-,Ssolid solutions contain randomly oriented blebs of pentlandite,whereas slowly cooled charges contain coherent lamellae of pentlanditeparallel to (00.1)of pyrrhotite. Introduction typical Sudbury-typeFe-Ni sulfideassemblages lie within the monosulfidesolid-solution field at higher Threetextural varieties of pentlandite,(Fe,Ni)156, temperatures(Naldrett and Kullerud, 1967;Craig are common in the pyrrhotite-bearing(Sudbury- and Kullerud, 1969) further supportsthis inter- type) naturalnickel sulfide assemblages: (l) massive pretation.Thus the subsolidusexsolution origin of (blocky) pentlandite,often containingislands of pentlanditein nickel-sulfideassemblages
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Improving the Performance of Creighton Mine's Natural Heat
    Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'17) Rome, Italy – June 8 – 10, 2017 Paper No. MMME 150 ISSN: 2369-8136 DOI: 10.11159/mmme17.150 Towards Improving the Performance of Creighton Mine’s Natural Heat Exchange Area Negar Saeidi1, Lorrie Fava1, Cheryl Allen2 1MIRARCO – Mining Innovation 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, Canada [email protected]; [email protected] 2Vale Canada Limited, Ontario Operations 18 Rink St, Copper Cliff, ON, Canada [email protected] Abstract – The Canadian climate features long, cold winters and short, mild summers that provides the opportunity for Vale’s Creighton Mine in Sudbury, ON, Canada to manage mine cooling requirements over a 50 year period. The intake air for Creighton Mine’s ventilation system is conditioned by continuously pulling ambient air through the Natural Heat Exchange Area (NHEA). The NHEA is a large-scale volume created by previous open-pit and block cave mining at Creighton that contains significant broken rock tonnage with the ability to store ambient coolth and heat on a seasonal basis. The study reported in this paper is part of an on-going collaborative research project conducted by Vale and MIRARCO. The project is investigating options to extend the efficiency of the NHEA system and provide cooler air to deeper levels of Creighton Mine. A three- dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is being developed and calibrated for dynamic modeling and simulation of the NHEA’s thermal physics. The calibrated model will be used to support the assessment of both operation and system design variations to improve the NHEA’s performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Constraining the Formation and Alteration of Sudbury Breccia, Ontario, Canada: Implications for Footwall Cu-Ni-PGE Exploration
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 9-6-2016 12:00 AM Constraining the Formation and Alteration of Sudbury Breccia, Ontario, Canada: Implications for Footwall Cu-Ni-PGE Exploration Jonathan W. O'Callaghan The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. G.R. Osinski The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Dr. R.L. Linnen The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Geology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Jonathan W. O'Callaghan 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation O'Callaghan, Jonathan W., "Constraining the Formation and Alteration of Sudbury Breccia, Ontario, Canada: Implications for Footwall Cu-Ni-PGE Exploration" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4075. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4075 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Abstract Sudbury breccia is an impactite situated in the footwall of the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact structure, situated in Ontario. Developing exploration vectors towards Sudbury breccia- hosted Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization is inhibited by an insufficient understanding of the relative contributions of footwall lithologies versus impact melt. By combining whole-rock geochemistry, field observations, statistical modelling and petrography, this study has determined that Sudbury breccia is a parautochthonous shock melt, which does not require a melt sheet contribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Contributions to the Geology of Georgia
    SHORT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA ATLANTA 1978 BULLITIN 93 For convenience in selecting our reports from your bookshelves, they will be color-keyed across the spine by subject as follows: Red Valley & Ridge mapping and structural geology Dk. Purple Piedmont & Blue Ridge mapping and struc- tural geology Maroon Coastal Plain mapping and stratigraphy Lt. Green Paleontology Lt. Blue Coastal Zone studies Dk. Green Geochemical and Geophysical studies Dk. Blue Hydrology Olive Economic geology Mining directory Yellow Environmental studies Engineering studies Dk. Orange Bibliographies and lists of publications Brown Petroleum and natural gas Black Field trip guidebooks Dk. Brown Collections of papers Colors have been selected at random, and will be augmented as new subjects are published. ---- -·-- ------·- -~-~-·-·--· ·- .. SHORT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF GEORGIA STATE OF GEORGIA Department of Natural Resources Joe D. Tanner. Commissioner Environmental Protection Division J. leonard Ledbetter. Director Georgia Geologic Survey John R. George, Acting State Geologist ATLANTA 1978 CONTENTS Page The Huber Formation of Eastern Central Georgia by B. F. BUIE . 1 Figure 1. Contact of Huber Formation overlain unconformably by Clinchfield Sand . 2 Figure 2. Close-up view of fossil zone in clayey sand, near top of Huber Formation . 2 Figure 3. Schematic diagram of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, Macon-Gordon area, Georgia . 3 Table 1. Detailed stratigraphic section of Huber Formation 4 Figure 4. Road cut exposure of updip Huber Formation 5 Figure 5. Photograph of measured section (Table 1) . 5 Table 2. Characteristics of kaolins of the Cretaceous beds undifferentiated and Huber Formation . 6 Figure 6. Contrast of fracture form in Tertiary and Cretaceous kaolin 6 Figure 7.
    [Show full text]