Presidio Interpretive Plan

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Presidio of San Francisco Golden Gate National Recreation Area Interpretive Plan Presidio of San Francisco

EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA™ 1 1 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Presidio of San Francisco Golden Gate National Recreation Area Interpretive Plan Presidio of San Francisco

EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA™ 1 1 Appendix D: Authors

Photo Courtesy • Kirke Wrench • Alison Taggart-Barone • Frank Schmidt • Tung Chee • Ingrid Bellack • George “Doc” Miles • Mel Mashman • Dan Ng

“The Presidio of San Francisco! The name itself bespeaks unusual scenery and atmosphere. And it has all of that…On the very tip of the peninsula there sits the ‘god of war’ with his mailed feet astride the Golden Gate. He is not an angry god, however, because he has his being in one of the most wonderful settings of a benignant nature that can be found anywhere. An emerald clothed land and sapphire sea warm and sparkling in a golden sun conspire to make the frowning ‘Lord of Battles’ lay aside his grim weapons and joyfully revel in all the beauty about him.” —San Francisco Chronicle January 16, 1927

621 Appendix D: Authors

Photo Courtesy • Kirke Wrench • Alison Taggart-Barone • Frank Schmidt • Tung Chee • Ingrid Bellack • George “Doc” Miles • Mel Mashman • Dan Ng

62 1 Appendix C: List of Contributing Documents & Contributors Appendix D: Authors

THE PRESIDIO contains a multi-layered story of people, culture, and landscape. Situated in a dynamicBackground and diverse documents region, it reflectsand contributions millennia toof thishuman interpretive activity from plan pre-European Special thanks to the Presidio Trust and Golden Gate Parks peoples to include:the present occupants. It is a window into a military history that shaped the Conservancy staff for their input and review of this plan. West and served the world under the flags of three nations for over two centuries. It contains an• extraordinary 1994 NPS General tapestry Management of natural ecosystems,Plan Amendment plants forand the wildlife Presidio of exceptional National Park Service, GGNRA variety and number. And now—today—the Presidio represents a hugely successful model • 1996 Presidio Trust Act The Golden Gate National Parks mission is to preserve and enhance of the transformation of a military post to a national park. the natural, historic and scenic resources of the lands north and • 2002 Presidio Trust Management Plan While containing exceptional resources, the Presidio can be a daunting place for south of the Golden Gate for the education, recreation and inspira- visitors looking• Post to experienceand Park, A all Brief it has Illustrated to offer. History The Presidio of the Interpretive Presidio of SanPlan provides tion of people today and in the future. a framework for a visitor’s exploration and experience of the Presidio. It describes the Francisco written by Stephen A. Haller(GGNRA Historian) and • Frank Dean (Superintendent) themes in which the Presidio’s stories can be understood, and where these themes are published by The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy (1997) • Aaron Roth (Deputy Superintendent) expressed. It addresses strategies to help visitors from around the globe feel welcome and • Howard Levitt (Director of Communications & Partnerships) empowered• to 2010 learn Golden about Gate the dynamic National cultural Recreation and Areanatural Long resources Range of the Presidio. It • Michele Gee (Chief of Interpretation & Education) suggests how Interpretivewe will make Plan the Executive park’s stories Summary more accessible and relevant to the diverse • Steve Haller (Historian) communities that reside in the Bay Area. It describes a mix of programs to help both • Theresa Griggs (Presidio Interpretive Site Supervisor) casual visitors• 2013and thoseDraft with Golden specific Gate interestsNational Recreationachieve their Area goals Long in aRange Presidio visit. It • Carey Feierabend (Chief of Project Planning) describes programsInterpretive to engage Plan studentsupdate in fun and relevant learning. It suggests ways in • Lynn Fonfa (Education Specialist) which all who come to the Presidio can actively participate in stewarding the resources for • Previous Presidio Interpretive Plans drafted by both The Presidio • Will Elder (Interpretive Ranger) the future, while learning about important elements of the Presidio’s history and natural Trust and NPS from 2000-2002 • Michael Chasse (Biologist) heritage. • George Su (Multimedia Specialist / Park Web Administrator) As partners• in Inputmanagement from hundreds of the Presidio,of contributors, the National including Park participants Service and ofPresidio the Trust worked togetherPresidio during Trust/NPS the development Interpretation of this workshop section of(1991 the andpark’s 2000) Long Range The Presidio Trust Interpretive• Plan. Presidio It was Stories shaped Symposium by the knowledge (April 2000) gained from years of management of The Presidio Trust’s mission is to preserve the Presidio as an enduring the Presidio, by the generous and meaningful input of hundreds of creative individuals resource for the American people. and organizations,• Annual and Visitor by the Survey steady (1999- support 2011) and guidance of the third partner in the management of the Presidio—the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. • Craig Middleton (Executive Director) • Series of six Presidio Visitor Experience Workshops (2011), which • Michael Boland (Chief Planning, Projects and Programs Officer) We offer this convenedplan in the representatives hope that it will from serve education, as a blueprint the arts, for tourism,our agencies and our • Eric Blind (Director of Heritage Programs & Sites) partners in ourhistory, collective natural efforts science to provide as well visitors as the generalwith opportunities public to exchange for transformative • Damien Raffa (Education & Volunteer Program Manager for experiences atideas the Presidio. about what themes and experiences, are most pertinent to Conservation, Stewardship & Research) the Presidio. • Terri Thomas (Director of Conservation, Stewardship, & Research) Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy The mission of the Parks Conservancy is to preserve the Golden Gate National Parks, enhance the park visitor experience, and build a community dedicated to conserving the parks for the future. • Doug Overman (Executive Vice President, Government & Frank Dean Craig Middleton Community Relations) General Superintendent Executive Director • Christy Rocca (Crissy Field Center Director) Golden Gate National Parks Presidio Trust • Charity Maybury (Crissy Field Center Deputy Director), Friends of the Presidio • Amy Meyer (Convener)

601 61 Appendix C: List of Contributing Documents & Contributors TableAppendix of Contents D: Authors

Introduction 6 Background documents and contributions to this interpretive plan Special thanks to• thePresidio Presidio Administrative Trust and GoldenBackground Gate ...... 6 Parks include: Conservancy staff for their input and review of this plan. Site Significance 10–13 • 1994 NPS General Management Plan Amendment for the Presidio National Park Service, GGNRA • Cultural History ...... 10 • 1996 Presidio Trust Act The Golden Gate National• Natural Parks History mission ...... is to preserve and enhance 11 the natural, historic• andRecreational scenic resources Resources of ...... the lands north and 13 • 2002 Presidio Trust Management Plan south of the Golden Gate for the education, recreation and inspira- Presidio Interpretive Themes 14–22 • Post and Park, A Brief Illustrated History of the Presidio of San tion of people today and in the future. Francisco written by Stephen A. Haller(GGNRA Historian) and • Frank Dean (Superintendent)• Guardians of the Gate ...... 14–15 published by The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy (1997) • Aaron Roth (Deputy• Cultural Superintendent) Crossroads ...... 17 • Howard Levitt (Director• Island ofof RefugeCommunications ...... & Partnerships) 18 • 2010 Golden Gate National Recreation Area Long Range • Michele Gee (Chief• A ofChanging Interpretation Landscape & Education) ...... 21 Interpretive Plan Executive Summary • Steve Haller (Historian)• From Post to Park ...... 22 • 2013 Draft Golden Gate National Recreation Area Long Range • Theresa Griggs Current(Presidio InterpretivePrograms Site& Activities Supervisor) 26–35 Interpretive Plan update • Carey Feierabend (Chief of Project Planning) • Lynn Fonfa (Education• Outreach, Specialist) Community and Civic Engagement— • Previous Presidio Interpretive Plans drafted by both The Presidio • Will Elder (InterpretiveCrissy Ranger)Field Center ...... 26–28 Trust and NPS from 2000-2002 • Michael Chasse• (Biologist) Education Programs ...... 28–31 • George Su (Multimedia• Public SpecialistPrograms /and Park Interpretive Web Administrator) Services ...... 33 • Input from hundreds of contributors, including participants of the • Interpretive Media ...... 36–37 Presidio Trust/NPS Interpretation workshop (1991 and 2000) The Presidio Trust• Volunteers-in-Parks ...... 37 • Presidio Stories Symposium (April 2000) The Presidio Trust’sMission mission isfor to Interpretationpreserve the Presidio & Education as an enduring 38–41 resource for the American people. • Annual Visitor Survey (1999- 2011) • Partnership and Collaboration ...... 38 • Craig Middleton (Executive Director) • Park Youth Collaborative ...... 38–41 • Series of six Presidio Visitor Experience Workshops (2011), which • Michael Boland (Chief Planning, Projects and Programs Officer) convened representatives from education, the arts, tourism, • Eric Blind (DirectorDirections of Heritage for Programs the Next & Sites)Decade 42–45 history, natural science as well as the general public to exchange • Damien Raffa (Education & Volunteer Program Manager for ideas about what themes and experiences, are most pertinent to Conservation, Stewardship• Diversify Audiences& Research) ...... 42 the Presidio. • Terri Thomas (Director• Diversify of Conservation, Workforce and Stewardship, Develop Pathways & Research) to Employment ...... 42 • Expand Opportunities and Deepen Impact on Youth ...... 43 Golden Gate National• Improve ParkParks Accessibility Conservancy ...... 43 • Advance Community Partnerships ...... 44 The mission of the Parks Conservancy is to preserve the Golden Gate • Examine and Increase Parks’ Relevancy ...... 44 National Parks, enhance the park visitor experience, and build a com- • Interpret and Promote Global Issues such as Sustainability munity dedicated to conserving the parks for the future. & Climate Change ...... 45 • Doug Overman• (Executive Use New Viceand EmergingPresident, TechnologyGovernment ...... & 45 Community Relations) Conclusion 46 • Christy Rocca (Crissy Field Center Director) • Charity MayburyAppendix (Crissy Field A: Center Presidio Deputy Interpretive Director), Themes Matrix 48–57 Friends of theAppendix Presidio B: Presidio Map 58–59 • Amy Meyer (Convener) Appendix C: List of Contributing Documents & Contributors 60 Appendix D: Acknowledgements 61–62

60 Printed on recycled paper. 615 National Park Service Golden Gate IntroductionAppendix B: Presidio of San Francisco Map Department of the Interior National Recreation Area

GOLDEN FORT POINT GATE ? (1853-1861) VISITOR INFORMATION LIART GNIKLAW/GNIKIH BRIDGE ? The Presidio Interpretive Plan developed in 2013 is an(1937) element of the Golden Recreation Map 1 RESTROOM NATURE VIEWING AREA Gate National Recreation Area’s (GGNRA) Comprehensive InterpretiveGOLDEN Plan GATE (CIP). ? BRIDGE PAVILION FRAHW ODEPROT SAN ECIVRES DOOF PARKING 101 )8091( Welcome to the Presidio of San Francisco Battery As defined by the National Park Service’s Director’s Order #6,Lanca staer CIP isM arinthee basic PICNIC AREA SPORTSB FIELD (1898) Dri FR ANCISC O S Whether you have an hour, a day, or a year, the Presidio ve ? WARMING HUT planningoffers document endless attractions. forWith thisinterpretation map to guide you, in a national park. CIPs are composedyrettaB of LODGING CONSTRUCTION CLOSURE tsaE BAY

explore on foot, by bicycle, or on the Presidigo shuttle bus Trail )6781( W Scale Battery E VISTA POINT 0 1/4 mile specific elements such as the Long Range Interpretive Plan (LRIP) and Annual S Cranston L T system. Enjoy the Presidio! (1897) o B n L N 0 250 m BRIDGE g U F PLAZA Implementation Plan. Although GGNRA has a LRIP that contains an overall F A L v d Help Protect the Park's Resources in en R c u t o e ach Coastal ln FORMER Y vision for interpretation and education, visitor experience goals, themes, Hando Battery f The Presidio is a national park because of its rich cultural and fm Blv COAST GUARD Marcus d a a n d STATION l EAST BEACH Miller o e BEACH HUT CAFE R s natural heritage. Please protect sensitive plant communities, t S (1890) (1891) m C t e d a n e m orP .G.G recommendations and strategies for implementation, there is a need fora some 1199 t R CRISSY FIELD CENTER n kra P cita u q A o t waterbird protection areas, and fragile historic structures. a FARALLONES L ch A en MARINE SANCTUARY r rm dr site specificStay on established plans. trails Theand out Presidio of fenced areas. Interpretive Dog Plan is one such esite specifici planum that VISITOR CENTER s M te BLUFFS ad AIRCRAFT Marina walkers must obey regulations and pick up after their pets. Battery Golden Gate Ro MARINA ad BEACH Boutelle Golden Gate Promenade Overlook Crissy HANGARS addresses the Presidio’s unique circumstances such as the different management GATE (1900) Cr (1921) iss Overlook y M Accessibility Battery S LOG a CRISSY Jefferson Godfrey t s Mason Street or CABIN o structure, partnerships, community needs, and varied resources. e F n (1895) y ie FIELD

A (1937) l BARRACKS Lundeen St. The Main Post and the Golden Gate Promenade are v d e A Langdon ve (1921) (1919) Temporary

o St wheelchair accessible, as are buildings open to the public. S or

ey M e r Batt Av Beach v Presidio Administrative Background t ery e S U W tree I PALACE A t

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t Wagner A

(1873) s

W CEMETERY Sherwood INTELLIGENCE

l ARTS The Presidio of San Francisco, is a maintenance of needed recre- wholly-owned federal corpora- R

POST

a (1895) Battery (1900) O

d SCHOOL North Point a (1950s)

R (1915) Call 911 or cell 561-5656 (U. S. Park Police) Gorgas Ave L

Battery OFFICE 211 TRANSIT

v l

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o PARK (1941)

COASTAL w Blaney (1900) X CENTER B

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unique 1491-acre portion of the ational open space…”. The leg- tion, to manage the Presidio’s E

a (1895) u l

ARCHIVES Scott

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uc s n R (1900) FIRE

A 210 n l e R v & RECORDS Thornberg Rd

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i Visitor Information v o A STATION STABLES CENTER

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Golden Gate National Recreation islation included a unique provi-r interior lands (Area B) while the Lincoln Blvd (1917) Edie Rd FORT p R 105 v

(1914) 667 Bay T nco

l d e Lincoln Blvd 1152 Bay MARSHALL’S A

n t GYM Li o WINFIELD o Presidio Visitor Center (415) 561-4323, call for open days s n Girard Rd ll f t n PRESIDIO Halleck St Area. It is the keystone in the arc sion for the Presidio stating that NPS retained jurisdictions o over the e 104 f l t 1151POOL 1244 TRUST SCOTT a GOLDEN u p w or visit: www.nps.gov/prsf l R S U c o FORMER POST h GATE CLUB B Battery (1910s) d Riley Ave FORMER LETTERMAN o D Sheridan 103 of coastal lands now protected the post was to be transferred remaining lands (Area A) whichﬁ v GORGAS e l HOSPITAL Saffold Kinsey NATIVE ld B (1949) Francisco d R ln 135 o (1895) d Mc (1864) HOSPITAL t v o GATE l PLANT c PARADE es GROUND (1899) B n Richardson within the GGNRA and encom- to the national recreationi area encompass the coastal areas i r NURSERY Taylor Road Fort Point (415) 556-1693, call for open days Gr L e oop t L BARRACKS Torney Ave e SAN FRANCISCO er t Fish Ave Anza St e OFFICER'S (1890s) GYM LETTERMAN n MAIN a n Gen. Kennedy Ave passes a orcomplex visit: www.nps.gov/fopo range of natu- when the Army determined it tol and a few other sites. Congress Montgomery St O'Reilly Ave Chestnut o HOME 63

B be NATIONAL o b Kob u o DIGITAL ARTS b U K 1 c e g (1915) lvd POST POST A p n h B i v A CEMETERY e t CENTER L o CHAPEL ral and cultural resources. It has be excess to its needs. In 1972, reasoned that “an innovativev PRESIDIO Battery n e l k i (1884) Keyes Avenue n a (1932) Crosby WWII r r RESIDENTIAL Coastal Trail u T Graham Street a k H e r LEASING LOMBARD it P (1900) MEMORIAL chcock Pa THEATRE PERSHING colonial history and a long mili- the Presidio was an active Army public/private St partnership that Blvd ree e 93 Lombard (1960) t OFFICERS' (1939) c SQUARE 558 GATE a 385 ROW r S r Moraga Avenue Mesa Street Presidio u P (c. 1896) m P Le

tary history under three powers. post but by 1989, as a result of minimizes costs to the US Trea- e r t (1912) n e te T r rm Harrison Blvd e s e r an W i s d i r National y OFFICERS' d D Greenwich ig r A i i r Many wonder what happened the Base Realignment and Clo- sury” was necessaryh to oversee t o o iv t 387 SRETRAUQ v P e d Cemetery n e r t Funston Avenue o L a n m e oo v f B en e

d R e niz a g a M lart n e Cp l 2681() u ade r

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m d b d

here—as the Presidio is not rec- sure Act, the Army announced theROB majority HILL of the Presidio and OFFICERS' ar r Immigrant

Central OFFICERS' 42 Barnard e k g

CAMPGROUND r CLUB (1776/1934) Magazine u Point Overlook a TERRACE Filbert ognized for any battles or great that the post would be closed by requiredEl. 384 that(1 938)the Presidio Trust P EAST HOUSING R (1909) PERSHING MacArthur S PA CIF IC imond W p HALL s L political events. What happened 1995. be financiallyBattery self-sufficient by Loo oop

a y BEACH r Divisadero u T (1904) s McKinnon- at Morton Street h

hi Am Broderick Stotsenberg o Union m S here is often notOCEA so obviousN but n 2013. The Trust was authorized by D d imo g (1898) u a v nd P s l s Lyon

t i xl L Baker On September 30, 1994, the Liggett o p Ave B o e Sha op n e y MORTON ft r er it is nonetheless significant. In Congress to generatead and retain o R Muir Ro R l POP STREET o B n d l ad

U.S. Army ended its mission at l pto e Clarke Street Loop v m L HICKS FIELD Liggett Avenue Green d Co u P Battery o r o W Sibley Road e

a g FIELD Rodrigues s 1962, the Presidio was protected Chamberlin revenue and borrow money, up p shi r idio Rd n Quarry s g Lover's Lane

the Presidio(1904) and transferred the em A Portola S

e Sanches B P D t e o WOOD lv d as a National Historic Landmark rs to a limited amount, to finance Ecology Trail h n in LINE post to the National Park Service. Vallejo

g Ave MacArthur B District under the National His- the Presidio’s capital and opera- Bay Area Ridgelv Trail d

The NPS adopted the GeneralSt il l w i e a

ll tional needs and thereby limiting toric Preservation Act. TUNNEL MACARTHUR DOUGLAS GEN. R r T E D PAUL Broadway Management Plan Amendment k r K r i a EL GOODE A D v the exposure of the American P Inspiration Point e r A POLIN FIELD i B v r Overlook

In 1972, the GGNRA was autho- for the entire Presidio which set g e uello SPRING

Bl Pe taxpayers.d The Presidio Trust Act v r d S Paciﬁc

sh R rized by Congress (P.L. 92-589). forth concepts for managinging the d Dr l SPIRE ive (P.L.90-544)e directs the Presidio ﬁ

The establishment of the Presidio’s resources. The GMPA JULIUS t u PRESIDIO

e a KAHN PRESIDIO

e Trust toC manage the property Jackson r GOLF PLAYGROUND t Brooks n BAKER BEACH y BOULEVARD GGNRA was in part the result recognizedso the Sneed for a new Roa r b d

e APARTMENTS COURSE 300 Gi under t its jurisdiction in accor- GATE t (1953) a (1895) of an innovative trend to make management structure to over- MARINE HOSPITAL CLUBHOUSE Finley (c. 1896) B Jackson ashington VISTA W y dance with (1) the purposes of the West Paciﬁc Avenue WATER e l national park resources more see building leasing,Lincoln Blvd operation, TREATMENT w

FORMER PUBLIC HEALTH . PLANT B Act establishing the GGNRA, and t (1932) 1

S SERVICE HOSPITAL ARGUELLO

accessible to urban populations and(191 0)maintenance and to work Washington

St.

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s Baker r BOULEVARD (2) the “general objectives”e of the

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and bring “parks to the people.” cooperatively with the NPS. e t Paciﬁc Ave GATE

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ated the Presidio Trust (Trust), a Lake

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values, and…to provide for the th 7

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14 th th 14

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21 st st 21

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20 th th 20 23 rd rd 23

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24 th th 24 19 th th 19 17 th th 17 22 nd nd 22

Rev. 4/11 th 18

26 th th 26

27 th th 27 29 th 29

30 th 586 59 National Park Service Golden Gate Appendix B: Presidio of San Francisco Map Department of the Interior National Recreation Area

GOLDEN FORT POINT GATE ? (1853-1861) VISITOR INFORMATION LIART GNIKLAW/GNIKIH BRIDGE ? (1937) Recreation Map 1 RESTROOM NATURE VIEWING AREA GOLDEN GATE ? BRIDGE PAVILION FRAHW ODEPROT SAN ECIVRES DOOF PARKING 101 )8091( Welcome to the Presidio of San Francisco Battery Lancaster Marine PICNIC AREA SPORTSB FIELD (1898) Dri FR ANCISC O S Whether you have an hour, a day, or a year, the Presidio ve ? WARMING HUT offers endless attractions. With this map to guide you, yrettaB LODGING CONSTRUCTION CLOSURE tsaE BAY

Trail )6781( W Scale explore on foot, by bicycle, or on the Presidigo shuttle bus Battery E 0 1/4 mile S VISTA POINT

Cranston L T system. Enjoy the Presidio! (1897) o B n L N 0 250 m BRIDGE g U F PLAZA F A L v d Help Protect the Park's Resources in en R c u t o e ach Coastal FORMER Y H ln Battery of The Presidio is a national park because of its rich cultural and fm Blv COAST GUARD Marcus d a a n d STATION l EAST BEACH Miller o e BEACH HUT CAFE natural heritage. Please protect sensitive plant communities, R s t (1891) m S (1890) e d a n e m orP .G.G a C t t R 1199 CRISSY FIELD CENTER n kra P cita u q A o t waterbird protection areas, and fragile historic structures. a FARALLONES L ch A en MARINE SANCTUARY r r dr e m u Stay on established trails and out of fenced areas. Dog is m VISITOR CENTER M te BLUFFS ad AIRCRAFT Marina walkers must obey regulations and pick up after their pets. Battery Golden Gate Ro MARINA ad BEACH Boutelle Golden Gate Promenade Overlook Crissy HANGARS GATE (1900) Cr (1921) iss Overlook y M Accessibility Battery S LOG a CRISSY Jefferson Godfrey t s Mason Street or CABIN o e F n (1895) y ie FIELD

A (1937) l BARRACKS Lundeen St. The Main Post and the Golden Gate Promenade are v d e A Langdon ve (1921) (1919) Temporary

o St wheelchair accessible, as are buildings open to the public. S or

ey M e r Batt Av Beach v t er e U y W S tree I PALACE A t

S a R g VISITOR CENTER

c Battery n Presi OF

Battery o ? e dio Parkway Bypass O

Emergency n Howe - r 610 t West PET Battery T FINE o MILITARY

t Wagner A

(1873) s W CEMETERY Sherwood INTELLIGENCE l ARTS

POST R

a (1895) Battery (1900) O

d SCHOOL North Point a (1950s)

R (1915) Call 911 or cell 561-5656 (U. S. Park Police) Gorgas Ave L

Battery OFFICE 211 TRANSIT

v l

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o PARK (1941)

COASTAL w Blaney (1900) X CENTER B

Birmingham

a E (1895) u l

ARCHIVES Scott

m e k 101

uc s n R (1900) FIRE

A 210 n l e R v & RECORDS Thornberg Rd

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i Visitor Information v o A STATION STABLES CENTER

a d

A p

Overlook e

r Lincoln Blvd (1917) Edie Rd FORT p R 105 v

(1914) 667 Bay T nco

l d e Lincoln Blvd 1152 Bay MARSHALL’S A

n t GYM Li o WINFIELD o Presidio Visitor Center (415) 561-4323, call for open days s n Girard Rd ll f t n PRESIDIO Halleck St

s o e 104 f l t 1151POOL 1244 TRUST SCOTT a GOLDEN u p w or visit: www.nps.gov/prsf l R S U c o FORMER POST h GATE CLUB B Battery (1910s) d Riley Ave FORMER LETTERMAN o D Sheridan ﬁ v 103 GORGAS e l HOSPITAL Saffold Kinsey NATIVE ld B (1949) Francisco d R ln 135 o (1895) d Mc (1864) HOSPITAL t v o GATE l PLANT c PARADE es GROUND (1899) B n Richardson

i r NURSERY i Taylor Road Fort Point (415) 556-1693, call for open days Gr L e oop t L BARRACKS Torney Ave e SAN FRANCISCO er t Fish Ave Anza St e OFFICER'S (1890s) GYM LETTERMAN n MAIN a n Gen. Kennedy Ave l Montgomery St O'Reilly Ave Chestnut or visit: www.nps.gov/fopo o HOME 63

B be NATIONAL o b Kob u o DIGITAL ARTS b U K 1 c e g (1915) lvd POST POST A p n h B i v A CEMETERY e t CENTER L o CHAPEL v PRESIDIO Battery n e l k i (1884) Keyes Avenue n a (1932) Crosby WWII r r RESIDENTIAL Coastal Trail u T Graham Street a k H e r LEASING LOMBARD it P (1900) MEMORIAL chcock Pa THEATRE PERSHING St Blvd ree e 93 Lombard (1960) t OFFICERS' (1939) c SQUARE 558 GATE a 385 ROW r S r Moraga Avenue Mesa Street Presidio u P (c. 1896) m P Le

e r t (1912) n e te T r rm Harrison Blvd e s e r an W i s d i r National y OFFICERS' d D Greenwich ig r A i i r h t o o iv t 387 SRETRAUQ v P e d Cemetery n e r t Funston Avenue o L a n m e oo v f B en e

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Overlook l t n e S

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Central OFFICERS' 42 Barnard e k g

CAMPGROUND r CLUB (1776/1934) Magazine u Point Overlook a TERRACE Filbert El. 384 (1938) P EAST HOUSING R (1909) PERSHING MacArthur S PA CIF IC imond W p HALL s L Battery Loo oop

a y BEACH r Divisadero u T (1904) s McKinnon- at Morton Street h

hi Am Broderick Stotsenberg o Union m S OCEAN n D d imo g (1898) u a v nd P s l s Lyon

t i xl L Baker p Ave B Liggett o o e Sha op n e y MORTON ft r er ad o R Muir Ro R l POP STREET o B n d l ad

l pto e Clarke Street Loop v m L HICKS FIELD Liggett Avenue Green d Co u P Battery o r o W Sibley Road e

a g FIELD Rodrigues s Chamberlin p shi r idio Rd n Quarry s g Lover's Lane

(1904) em A Portola S

e Sanches B P D t e o WOOD lv d r Ecology Trail sh n in LINE Vallejo

g Ave MacArthur B Bay Area Ridgelv Trail d

St il l w i e a ll R TUNNEL MACARTHUR DOUGLAS GEN. r T D Broadway E PAUL k r K r i a EL GOODE A D v P Inspiration Point e r A POLIN FIELD i B v r Overlook

g e uello SPRING

Bl Pe d v r d S Paciﬁc

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e C Jackson r GOLF PLAYGROUND t Brooks n BAKER BEACH y BOULEVARD so S Roa r b d

e APARTMENTS COURSE 300 Gi t GATE t (1953) a (1895) MARINE HOSPITAL CLUBHOUSE Finley (c. 1896) B Jackson ashington VISTA W y West Paciﬁc Avenue WATER e l Lincoln Blvd

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e Locust Locust

FACILITIES r a

B W Presidio LOBOS DUNES m

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El Camino Del Mar LAKE Cherry 25TH Lobos Valley Sacramento Lobos Overlook NIATNUOM Cr lia rT la ts a o C AVENUE eek 15TH KRAP EKAL d n E s d n a L ot GATE AVENUE Blvd Arguello Presidio GATE California Street

Lake

2 nd nd 2

3 rd rd 3

4 th th 4

8 th th 8

5 th th 5

6 th th 6

Park th 9

7 th th 7

10 th th 10

11 th th 11

12 th th 12

Funston

14 th th 14

15 th th 15

21 st st 21

16 th th 16

20 th th 20 23 rd rd 23

25 th th 25

24 th th 24 19 th th 19 17 th th 17 22 nd nd 22

Rev. 4/11 th 18

26 th th 26

27 th th 27 29 th 29

30 th 58 591 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: FROM POST TO PARK Essential Question & Statement: What is a national park and what lessons can we learn The Presidio’s transformation from military post to a viable, vibrant national park site will yield new models and from the Presidio’s transformation from post to park? innovative practices which can provide lessons for other communities. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN • How is the Presidio’s governance FROM POST TO PARK RECREATION / HEALTH & WELLNESS As the transformation of the Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, and PLANNING & STEWARDSHIP structure and approach to The ongoing physical transformation The Presidio is used by several million continues, it serves as a model of employees create a new Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, preservation is being looked at of the Presidio is also transforming people each year to rejuvenate body, environmental, cultural and financial community. neighbors, and the wider community across the country for innovative the ways people use and enjoy this mind and spirit. sustainability. • Who are the Presidio community? actively participate in planning, public/private partnerships, new national parkland. • How does access to open space • How does the Presidio serve as a maintaining and enjoying the conservation, transformation of • How has the physical and parks serve to improve health model for sustainability? Presidio. public lands? transformation of the Presidio and wellness and offer restoration • How does the Presidio community • How is the closure of military transformed the way people use for the soul? steward the park? bases across the country a and enjoy the park? reflection of changes inationally recently?

TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE SUSTAINABILITY BUILDINGS LEASED PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY STEWARDSHIP FROM POST TO PARK RECREATION Historic preservation endeavors, FOR BUSINESSES & HOMES Tenants that lease buildings for Habitat restoration and site With the rehabilitation and reuse of People come from near and far to cultural programs and environmental Leasing of buildings provides their office, business or home form stewardship programs could buildings, environmental remediation savor views of the Golden Gate, sustainability projects, such as financial sustainability that maintains a community that offers diverse not happen without an army of cleanup, restoration of native plant walk forest trails, stroll, jog or bicycle recycling and green building and improves the park without opportunities, programs and dedicated volunteers and docents. communities and expansion of visitor along the Crissy Field promenade, or construction contribute to a expense to the American taxpayers. activities for Presidio visitors. NPS, Presidio Trust and Parks amenities, the Presidio is being windsurf the bay from Crissy Field. The sustainable future at the Presidio. Conservancy are continuing to open enhanced and improved for public landscape reflects the powerful allure • Sustainability—LEED standards new opportunities for people to enjoyment. of open spaces for urban dwellers. for Crissy Field Center and all new contribute to park stewardship. HEALTH & WELLNESS rehabilitation projects on historic • Youth stewards and leaders in A place to rejuvenate, restore and buildings, wind turbines pilot, the park AmeriCorps, I-YEL LINC, recover from trauma. solar panels at Crissy Field, car Wide spectrum of volunteers • Swords to Plowshares charging stations, CNG shuttle fleet and Presidio’s Native Plant Nursery / Seedlab

TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME MAIN POST PRESIDIO TENANTS, PRESIDIO NATIVE PLANT NURSERY DRAGONFLY CREEK Center of sustainable rehabilitation NEIGHBORHOODS, & WORK Center for stewardship of natural Creek restoration site. of historic buildings and grounds Where people live and work in resources. • Historic Forest’s transformation used by commercial tenants. Place rehabilitated homes, and offices. CRISSY FIELD PRESIDIO LANDSMARK where visitor and community services • Disney Museum, Thoreau Center, Place for all types of recreational (Old Public Health Service Hospital) occur and much public programming. George Lucas and Letterman activities Building reuse site Digital Arts Center, YMCA, Bay CRISSY FIELD CENTER LETTERMAN DIGITAL ARTS CENTER School, Arion Press, Presidio Environmental education and New construction for financial Heritage Program, Various sustainability demonstration site. recreational facilities, etc sustainability TENNESSEE HOLLOW WATERSHED, EL POLIN Site of remediation activities and watershed restoration

561 57 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix The Trust assumed administra- Presidio Trust Act SEC.102 (b) Presidio and will continue to tive jurisdiction over Area B in guide the NPS interpretive ser- This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed,• “Theand Secretarypeople’s shallperspectives be change and it is with this in mind July 1998. Pursuant to the Trust vices, visitor orientation and the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updatedresponsible, on a regular in cooperation basis. Act, the NPS manages Area A educational programs through- with the Presidio Trust, for and, in cooperation with the out the Presidio. Although the THEME: FROM POST TO PARK providing public interpretive Trust, provides visitor services Presidio Trust Act gives the Essential Question & Statement: What is a national park and what lessons can we learn The Presidio’s transformation from military post toservices, a viable, visitor vibrant orientation national park site will yield new models and and interpretive and educational Secretary the responsibility for innovative practices which can provide lessons forand other educational communities. programs on from the Presidio’s transformation from post to park? programs throughout the Pre- development and implementa- all lands within the Presidio.” IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME sidio. The Trust and NPS also tion of interpretation, education work cooperatively in areas of and visitor orientation in the SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN • How is the Presidio’s governance FROMPresidio POST TO Trust PARK Act SEC. 103- (b) RECREATION / HEALTH & WELLNESS As the transformation of the Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, and PLANNING & STEWARDSHIP structurejoint concern and approach and interest to for theThe ongoing physical transformation ThePresidio, Presidio the is used NPS by and several the Trustmillion continues, it serves as a model of employees create a new Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, preservationoverall management is being looked of the at Pre- of the• Presidio“The Secretary is also transforming shall retain peopleembrace each theyear idea to rejuvenate that strong body, environmental, cultural and financial community. neighbors, and the wider community acrosssidio, the including country planningfor innovative efforts the waysjurisdiction people use over and thoseenjoy thispor- mindpartnership and spirit. and true collabora- sustainability. • Who are the Presidio community? actively participate in planning, public/privatethat overlap partnerships, between Areas A new nationaltions of parkland. the building identi- • tion How will does be access the only to open effective space • How does the Presidio serve as a maintaining and enjoying the conservation,and B. transformation of • Howfied has theas numberphysical 102 as the Sec- meansand parks of providing serve to improve high quality health Presidio. public lands? retary deems essential for use visitor experiences. The 2002 Pre- model for sustainability? The Presidio Trust Act describes transformation of the Presidio and wellness and offer restoration as a visitor center. The Build- sidio Trust Management Plan ( a • How does the Presidio community • Howthe iscollaborative the closure of relationship military transformed the way people use for the soul? steward the park? anding enjoy shall the be park? named the “Wil- land use plan for Area B of the basesbetween across the the Trust country and a NPS. It liam Penn Mott Visitor Center.” Presidio) states a commitment reflectionassumes aof sharing changes of inationally responsibili- recently? (After passage of the Trust “to collaborating effectively with ties with understood goals and Act, Building 102 was deemed the National Park Service, and to provides direction with regard to insufficient, and Building 210 seeking other partners that can TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE interpretation as follows: has been chosen to replace it.) bring the capacity and expertise SUSTAINABILITY BUILDINGS LEASED PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY STEWARDSHIP FROM POST TO PARK RECREATIONneeded to provide a consistently The 1994 GMPA remains unal- Historic preservation endeavors, FOR BUSINESSES & HOMES Tenants that lease buildings for Habitat restoration and site With the rehabilitation and reuse of Peoplehigh come standard from nearof programming and far to tered as the plan for the NPS’s cultural programs and environmental Leasing of buildings provides their office, business or home form stewardship programs could buildings, environmental remediation savorsuitable views ofto thea national Golden Gate, park in an management for Area A of the sustainability projects, such as financial sustainability that maintains a community that offers diverse not happen without an army of cleanup, restoration of native plant walkurban forest area.” trails, stroll, jog or bicycle recycling and green building and improves the park without opportunities, programs and dedicated volunteers and docents. communities and expansion of visitor along the Crissy Field promenade, or construction contribute to a expense to the American taxpayers. activities for Presidio visitors. NPS, Presidio Trust and Parks amenities, the Presidio is being windsurf the bay from Crissy Field. The sustainable future at the Presidio. Conservancy are continuing to open enhanced and improved for public landscape reflects the powerful allure • Sustainability—LEED standards new opportunities for people to enjoyment. of open spaces for urban dwellers. for Crissy Field Center and all new contributeThe Presidio to park Truststewardship. Legislation is based upon the enabling legislation forHEALTH the GGNRA. & WELLNESS Its purpose is rehabilitation projects on historic • Youthstated stewards in Section and 101leaders of P.L.104-333:in A place to rejuvenate, restore and buildings, wind turbines pilot, the park AmeriCorps, I-YEL LINC, recover from trauma. The Congress finds that— solar panels at Crissy Field, car Wide spectrum of volunteers • Swords to Plowshares charging stations, CNG shuttle • (1) the Presidio, located amidst the incomparable scenic splendor of the Golden Gate, is one of Amer- fleet and Presidio’s Native Plant ica’s great natural and historic sites; Nursery / Seedlab • (2) the Presidio was the oldest continuously operating military post in the Nation dating from 1776, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962; TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME • (3) preservation of the cultural and historic integrity of the Presidio for public use recognizes its sig- MAIN POST PRESIDIO TENANTS, PRESIDIOnificant NATIVE rolePLANT in theNURSERY history of DRAGONFLYthe United CREEKStates; Center of sustainable rehabilitation NEIGHBORHOODS, & WORK Center for stewardship of natural Creek restoration site. of historic buildings and grounds Where people live and work in resources.• (4) the Presidio, in its entirety,• isHistoric a part ofForest’s the Golden transformation Gate National Recreation Area, in accordance used by commercial tenants. Place rehabilitated homes, and offices. CRISSY withFIELD Public Law 92-589; PRESIDIO LANDSMARK where visitor and community services • Disney Museum, Thoreau Center, Place for all types of recreational • (5) as part of the Golden Gate(Old National Public HealthRecreation Service Area, Hospital) the Presidio’s significant natural, historic, occur and much public programming. George Lucas and Letterman activities scenic, cultural, and recreationalBuilding resources reuse mustsite be managed in a manner which is consistent with Digital Arts Center, YMCA, Bay CRISSY FIELD CENTER sound principles of land use planningLETTERMAN and DIGITAL management, ARTS CENTER and which protects the Presidio from devel- School, Arion Press, Presidio Environmental education and opment and uses which wouldNew destroy construction the scenic for financialbeauty and historic and natural character of the Heritage Program, Various sustainability demonstration site. recreational facilities, etc area and cultural and recreationalsustainability resources; TENNESSEE HOLLOW WATERSHED, EL POLIN• (6) removal and/or replacement of some structures within the Presidio must be considered as a man- Site of remediationagement option activities in theand administration of the Presidio; and watershed restoration • (7) the Presidio will be managed through an innovative public/private partnership that minimizes cost to the United States Treasury and makes efficient use of private sector resources. 56 579 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix ThisSite matrix Significance represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. TheTHEME: Presidio A CHANGING today is a reflection LANDSCAPE of the interaction of people and their environment,Essential Question as technology& Statement: hasHow advanced does the Presidio’s and social changing values landscape have evolved. offer insights This The Presidio’s cultural landscape represents an evolution of physical development influenced by the site’s geography, landmarkinto the complex site is interactiona window of through people and which place? we can view events that have shaped local and national historical events, changing social values, and technological advances. theIDEAS nation & CONCEPTS and the world. INCLUDED The passages IN THE THEME below are a reflection of the 1994 General Management Plan Amendment and 2002 Presidio Trust Management Plan and HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES provide a foundation for PresidioThe natural interpretation landscape and and resources education. The Presidio’s built environment Geography determined both the Temporary buildings were often at the Presidio have supported gives material expression to evolving Presidio’s site and its historic roles needed to mobilize troops, provide Cultural Resources designhuman standards habitation and here make for millennia. the seasonal national camps policy on and the military territory mission. as garrison and guardian of San emergency refuge or house special PresidioEach of unique the cultures among that Army have lived now known as the Presidio. The Francisco Bay. events. Native Americans of the Ohlone • How does the Presidio’s built posts.here Thehas transformedhistoric Presidio this landscape for- Presidio possesses archeological tribe lived for at least 10,000 environment give material • How did the geography of the • Why were so many temporary est,in aways dominant to meet feature, their own was societal resourcesexpression with the to evolvingpotential national to Presidio determine the role of the structures built on the Presidio? years on the lands of the Presidio plantedneeds andover values. 100 years ago as an reveal policyinformation and military about mission? past Presidio? before Europeans came to the Army• Howbeautification have natural projectsystems and conditions, uses, and lifeways of Golden Gate and began to for- now coversinfluenced over cultural300 acres development of the its inhabitants, and provide links tify it. Nowhere in the national post, andprimarily visa versa? on ridges, along between indigenous people and park system is there represented boundaries, and at entrances. contemporary tribal groups. a span and variety of history In 1884 San Francisco National comparable to the 220 year As far back as 1902, African- TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES,Cemetery & PEOPLE was established as a continuum of the Presidio’s use American units of the United restingHUMAN place HABITATION for U.S. soldiers. CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES as a military garrison by Spain, States Army, referred to as Buf- In Themilitary Presidio’s medical landscape history, reflects the The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio was developed because Tangible evidence of transitory Mexico, and the United States. falo Soldiers, were stationed Presidioevolving has land been management a trendsetter practices evolving site plans, weaponry, of the strategic defense benefits of buildings on the Presidio include During its history the Presidio at the Presidio. These troops sincefrom 1898 the Ohlonewhen the burning Army’s for first a architectural styles and building its location at the Golden Gate, and Philippine American War, World has protected commerce, trade, were responsible for patrol- generalsubsistence hospital lifestyle (Letterman) to European was materials brought about by the need to protect San Francisco War I and II wooden barracks, 1906 and migration, and has played a livestock grazing, to the U.S. Army lingtechnological California’s nationaladvances andparks national Harbor and the natural and industrial earthquake shacks, and buildings established here. The Presidio’s logistical role in every major U.S. creating windbreaks, controlling sandbefore policy the decisions. establishment of the resources that flowed through the used for the 1915 Panama-Pacific coastal/harbor defense structures military engagement since the dunes, and filling marshes, to today’sNational Park Service. Associa- harbor. International Exposition. display the evolution of harbor • Industrial & Technological Mexican-American War. With habitat restoration in natural areas. tions withrevolution, the Chinese-American Coastal Defense • Gold Rush, World War II, Cold War • 1906 Earthquake, PPIE, and coastal defense technology its context of the Golden Gate, • Planting of Presidio forest, Filling communitytechnology mainly stem from Quartermaster’s buildings from the Civil War to World War it is a powerfully relevant loca- of wetlands, Introduction non- the Presidio’s role as a refugee II. In the 1920s Crissy Field was tion at which to tell sweeping native plants and invasive species,center after the 1906 earthquake. built along San Francisco Bay, the stories such as the colonization Burnham Plan, William Jones In 1915, it served as part of the first Army coastal defense air- of California, the settlement and site for the city’s Panama-Pacific field on the Pacific Coast. exploitation of the American International Exposition–– an Frontier,TANGIBLES: the Gold SITE Rush, RELATED the TOIn addition THEME to its Spanish and event that symbolized the city’s Asian immigration, and the evo- MexicanCRISSY heritage,FIELD & MARSH the Presidio’s rebirthPLANTED after FORESTS the 1906 disas- EARTHQUAKE SHACKS & CAMP FORT POINT’S LOCATION lution of the U.S. involvement in developmentRestored marsh was reflect influenced the changing ter. Reflects Powerful interface connections of military exist needs SITES SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS Why this site selected, design intent, the Pacific. byattitudes many other towards cultures wetlands that and betweenand 1880s the urbanPresidio parks and movement. the Technological changes over time and change is location and materials playedtime asa rolewell inas the manyevolution layers of of Japanese-AmericanCOASTAL BATTERIES community. their evolving location in relation to for subsequent generations of Designated a national historic land uses at the Presidio including the Golden Gate fortifications. California and the West. Asso- EvenRecords before changing America’s military entry technology into landmark in 1962, the Presidio Native American, World War I and II ciations with individuals and Worldfrom War the II,post–Civil the Army War, trained Endicott and Architectural styles around Presidio, OFFICER’S CLUB contains one of our country’s barracks and 1915 PPIE. groups of people add to the NiseiTaft soldiers eras of as Coast interpreters defenses. at the building materials used to reflect Materials used and architectural finest collections of buildings, MAIN POST these changes (Main Post, Fort Scott) styles applied over time Presidio’s historic significance. theEAST Military CANTONMENT Intelligence Service places, structures, and objects Spans the growth of the Presidio These Important relationships LanguageMany army School units at passed Crissy through Field. related to military history. While from small Spanish post to minor Civil include the City of San Francisco Whenhere Executive over the yearsOrder including 9066 the its architecture represents every War expansion, to explosive Spanish with Native American, African- orderedBuffalo the Soldiers. Army to remove Jap- major construction period of U.S. American War growth. American, and Asian-American anese and Japanese-Americans military history since 1848, the communities. Long before Euro- from the West Coast defensive site planning and design at this peans arrived, the Ohlone people area, the assignment fell to the spectacular site were significant (Yelamu) hunted for shellfish Western Defense Command— departures from traditional Army along the shores and constructed headquartered at the Presidio. 5410 55 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix Natural Resources after a native mint that still grows in the Presidio. Members This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered,Geological formations,significant favorable sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind of the Ohlone and Miwok tribes, the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that thisclimate, matrix water will resources, be revisited and and updated on a regular basis. who were among the first to open space have contributed to populate the pre-urban Bay Area, THEME: A CHANGING LANDSCAPE the site’s rich biological diversity. would have eaten native plants Essential Question & Statement: How does the Presidio’s changing landscape offer insights The Presidio’sThe Presidio cultural hosts landscape an unusual represents an evolution of physical development influenced by the site’s geography, every day and regularly utilized local andblend national of geologic historical formations events, changing social values, and technological advances. into the complex interaction of people and place? their medicinal properties. When (ranging from sand dunes to ser- IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME the Gold Rush came to San Fran- pentine soils, derived from the cisco, many pioneers turned to HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE CaliforniaGOLDEN GATE state rock) and water TEMPORARY TALES miner’s lettuce for sustenance. The natural landscape and resources The Presidio’s built environment Geographyresources determined (ranging both from the wetlands Temporary buildings were often Today, native plant communities at the Presidio have supported gives material expression to evolving Presidio’sto creeks site and to Mountainits historic rolesLake, the needed to mobilize troops, provide tucked amongst the cityscape human habitation here for millennia. national policy and military mission. as garrisononly lake and in guardian the GGNRA). of San Over emergency refuge or house special Each of the cultures that have lived Francisco Bay. events.offer visitors a sense of place, a • How does the Presidio’s built a millennia this diverse environ- here has transformed this landscape connection to the past, and a environment give material • Howment did has the resulted geography in moreof the than • Why were so many temporary in ways to meet their own societal glimpse into what their backyard expression to evolving national Presidioa dozen determine distinctive the ecological role of the structures built on the Presidio? needs and values. policy and military mission? Presidio? may have originally looked like. • How have natural systems habitats. Remnants of the Pre- These remnant native plant influenced cultural development sidio’s native plant communi- and visa versa? ties exist throughout the park, communities preserve rare and amidst the designed landscapes endangered plant species and and historic forest. As the adja- provide valuable wildlife habitat. a hot spot for scientific research, TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE cent city lands were developed, There are more than 600 hun- in partnership with institutions, the Presidio provided critical dred species of wildlife, includ- universities, and environmen- HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES refuge for plants and wildlife. ing 200 species of birds that find tal organizations, to increase The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio was developed because Tangible evidence of transitory refuge in the park’s open space. understanding of the Presidio’s evolving land management practices evolving site plans, weaponry, of theThere strategic are 13defense different benefits ecological of buildings on the Presidio include habitats in the Presidio support- More than 85% of the animals urban ecological systems and from the Ohlone burning for a architectural styles and building its location at the Golden Gate, and Philippine American War, World how best to care for them. They subsistence lifestyle to European materials brought about by the needing 300 to protect native Sanplant Francisco species fromWar regularly I and II wooden seen in barracks, the Presidio 1906 are include the serpentine grasslands, livestock grazing, to the U.S. Army technological advances and national Harborthe and California the natural poppy, and theindustrial state earthquakebirds. Because shacks, itand is onebuildings of largest creating windbreaks, controlling sand policy decisions. resourcesflower, that to flowed the tiniest through wildflowers the used naturalized for the 1915 open Panama-Pacific spaces in San where wildflower and native grass species flourish, the largest dunes, and filling marshes, to today’s • Industrial & Technological harbor.like the red maids, whose fully InternationalFrancisco, Exposition. with plentiful sources remnants of dune communities habitat restoration in natural areas. revolution, Coastal Defense • Goldbloomed Rush, Worldflowers War are II, Coldno bigger War • 1906of food Earthquake, and water, PPIE, the Presidio • Planting of Presidio forest, Filling technology than a fingernail. Sixteen of the Quartermaster’sis a haven for many buildings species of that once covered almost half of of wetlands, Introduction non- Presidio’s native plant species are birds seeking either a perma- what is now San Francisco; and native plants and invasive species, rare plants, including five endan- nent home and nesting site, or riparian and wetland communi- Burnham Plan, William Jones gered species. Two of these a safe resting place on a migra- ties including Lobos Creek, the endangered species, the Presidio tory journey. This group includes last year-round free-flowing clarkia (named for the Presidio more than 65 species that live creek in San Francisco and early TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME and William Clark, of Lewis and and nest in the park. “Neotropi- source for the nascent city of San Francisco (Lobos Creek still CRISSY FIELD & MARSH PLANTED FORESTS EARTHQUAKEClark fame) SHACKS and the & CAMP San Fran - FORTcal POINT’S migrants” LOCATION are migratory birds, provides most of the Presidio’s Restored marsh reflect the changing Reflects interface of military needs SITEScisco SEACOAST Lessingia, FORTIFICATIONS are found in only Whyresidents this site selected,of different design regions intent, attitudes towards wetlands and and 1880s urban parks movement. Technologicaltwo spots changes in the world,over time with and the changeacross is locationNorth and and Southmaterials America, water supply). Other important natural resources include Moun- time as well as the many layers of COASTAL BATTERIES theirPresidio evolving being location the in type relation locality, to for stopsubsequent off at thegenerations Presidio of during land uses at the Presidio including the Golden Gate fortifications. tain Lake, Tennessee Hollow, and Records changing military technology or the first place a species was their annual trips from their nest- Native American, World War I and II Crissy Field. These sites offer an from the post–Civil War, Endicott and Architecturalidentified styles by aroundthe scientific Presidio, world.OFFICER’S ing grounds CLUB to the tropics where barracks and 1915 PPIE. extraordinary watershed experi- Taft eras of Coast defenses. the buildingA third plantmaterials wonder used toof reflectthe Pre - Materialsthey spend used and the architectural winter, and MAIN POST these changes (Main Post, Fort Scott) styles applied over time ence in the city: one can follow EAST CANTONMENT sidio, the Franciscan Manzanita, northward again in the spring. Spans the growth of the Presidio springs to creeks to marshes Many army units passed through thought to be extinct in the wild, from small Spanish post to minor Civil The Presidio was the site of the here over the years including the was only recently discovered to to the San Francisco Bay to the War expansion, to explosive Spanish Xerces blue butterfly extinction Buffalo Soldiers. Pacific Ocean. American War growth. exist in 2009. in the 1940s but today butterfly Native plants are also an impor- and other insect diversity has tant part of the cultural history been sustained by the park’s of San Francisco. The city was and Trust’s habitat restoration originally named Yerba Buena efforts. The Presidio has become 54 1155 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: ISLAND OF REFUGE Essential Question & Statement: How are the scientific values of the Presidio’s natural systems In a world of diminishing biological diversity, the Presidio represents an island of refuge in an urban environment and inherently valuable and how do they impact surrounding communities? provides an opportunity to foster awareness of the importance of species diversity and the value of open space. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY & CLIMATE • What role does stewardship play • How has the ecosystem evolved Varied topography and a Active tectonics and changing in restoring and maintaining compared to when it was Mediterranean climate have climates of the glacial period have diverse ecosystems? systematically identified in the produced a mosaic of landscapes shaped the land and the ways people 1800s? • How do wild areas influence the with extraordinary biodiversity on have used it. human psyche? • How has the ecological diversity the Presidio. • How do geology, geography of the coastal grassland changed • Can natural systems be restored in • Is maintaining biodiversity and climate interact to control in the past 200 years? more important than urban biodiversity? the modern urban context? • How many of these species still development? VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RESTORATION & exist today or have become & DISCOVERY WATER AS LIFE ECOLOGICAL VALUES endangered/threatened? Without the presence of fresh water, Thousands of volunteers, both youth Scientific exploration and plant settlement at this strategic site could and adults, from local communities collection in the Presidio, both past • How does this compare to the rest not have occurred. and from afar, have helped restore an present. of the world? and continue to sustain native habitat at the Presidio.

TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY WATER AS LIFE Serpentine soils and dune habitats stewards and leaders in the park The Presidio harbors over 250 species Water systems in the Presidio have provide difficult growing conditions AmeriCorps, I-YEL, and LINC of native plants, fourteen of which supported a succession of human that have led to an unusually large VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH are rare or endangered, and over 200 settlements. number of rare plants. & DISCOVERY recorded species of birds. A host of • Hydrology, Groundwater aquifers, • Adaptation, Nutrient supplies, Scientific exploration and plant mammals, reptiles and amphibians Watersheds, Riparian Systems, Toxic metals, Struggle for life, collection in the Presidio, both past also make their home in the Presidio. Water rights Adelbert Von Chamisso, Johann an present. • Rare & Endangered Species, Escholtz GEOLOGY & CLIMATE Flyways, Migration, Ecosystems, • Adelbert Chamisso and Johann The Presidio bluffs display RESTORATION & Plant Communities Friedrich Eschscholtz, Hans the region’s best exposure of ECOLOGICAL VALUES Herman Behr, the California serpentinite, the California state Ongoing stewardship of more than Botanical Club and Katherine rock. Remnants of sand dunes that 150 acres at habitat restoration sites. Brandegee, Alice Eastwood, and once covered most of what is now • Discovery of lost species Peter Raven San Francisco are also prominent. Finding of Manzanita, • Natural landscape, Serpentine Stewardship community, Youth soils

TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME INSPIRATION POINT COASTAL BLUFFS CRISSY MARSH MOUNTAIN LAKE Serpentine grassland habitat home to Windblown bluffs containing diverse Restored wetlands habitat with Only lake in the GGNRA and one of Presidio clarkia and other endangered species and serpentinite and sand abundant bird and plant life. Reflects few remaining lakes in San Francisco. serpentine specific plant species. dune substrates with rare plant the many layers of land uses at the TENNESSEE HOLLOW communities. Presidio. Self contained watershed in the LOBOS CREEK VALLEY PRESIDIO NATIVE PLANT NURSERY Presidio with spring-fed water supply Has last free flowing creek in San Center for restoration and at El Polin. Sustains diverse plant and Francisco and contains sand dunes stewardship activities at the Presidio. bird species. with endangered plants.

521 53 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix Recreational Resources This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’sThe perspectives Presidio is anchange exceptional and it recreationalis with this inresource mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regularwithin basis. a major metropolitan area. It offers opportunities for a wide range of active pursuits and THEME: ISLAND OF REFUGE millions of visitors bike, run, walk, sight-see bird Essential Question & Statement: How are the scientific values of the Presidio’s natural systems In a world of diminishing biological diversity, the Presidio representswatch, an island surf, ofsail, refuge fly kites,in an urbanwalk their environment dogs, fish and and inherently valuable and how do they impact surrounding communities? provides an opportunity to foster awareness of the importance oflearn species about diversity the magnificentand the value ofcultural open space.and natural IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME history of the area. Visitors can hike, bike, and tour 24 miles of scenic trails, many of which have PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY & CLIMATE • What role does stewardship play • How has the ecosystemreceived evolved recent upgrades that include accessible Varied topography and a Active tectonics and changing in restoring and maintaining compared to when itpathways, was boardwalks and overlooks. The spectac- Mediterranean climate have climates of the glacial period have diverse ecosystems? systematically identifiedular vistas in the of the Pacific Ocean, Golden Gate, Marin produced a mosaic of landscapes shaped the land and the ways people 1800s? • How do wild areas influence the Headlands, San Francisco Bay, and skyline of San with extraordinary biodiversity on have used it. human psyche? • How has the ecologicalFrancisco diversity are unmatched anywhere else. the Presidio. • How do geology, geography of the coastal grassland changed • Can natural systems be restored in • Is maintaining biodiversity and climate interact to control in the past 200 years?A recently renovated Rob Hill Campground pro- more important than urban biodiversity? the modern urban context? vides thousands of visitors the only opportunity • How many of these species still development? VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH to legitimately camp under the stars in San Fran- RESTORATION & exist today or have become & DISCOVERY cisco. The campground can accommodate up to WATER AS LIFE ECOLOGICAL VALUES endangered/threatened? Without the presence of fresh water, Thousands of volunteers, both youth Scientific exploration and plant four groups of 30 and provides special access to settlement at this strategic site could and adults, from local communities collection in the Presidio, both past • How does this compareunderserved to the rest schools and community organizations not have occurred. and from afar, have helped restore an present. of the world? through the Camping At the Presidio program. In and continue to sustain native addition, the Presidio is home to numerous ball habitat at the Presidio. fields, tennis courts, an 18-hole golf course, the Julius Kahn playground, a gymnasium and historic TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE swimming pool (managed by the Presidio YMCA). PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY WATER AS LIFE Serpentine soils and dune habitats stewards and leadersThe in thePresidio park also serves as a place for solitude, The Presidio harbors over 250 species Water systems in the Presidio have provide difficult growing conditions AmeriCorps, I-YEL, andretreat, LINC and discovery. A growing body of evi- of native plants, fourteen of which supported a succession of human that have led to an unusually large VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC denceRESEARCH supports spending time in nature and the are rare or endangered, and over 200 settlements. number of rare plants. & DISCOVERY outdoors as a way to improve both physical and recorded species of birds. A host of • Hydrology, Groundwater aquifers, • Adaptation, Nutrient supplies, Scientific exploration andmental plant health and well-being. With the advantage mammals, reptiles and amphibians Watersheds, Riparian Systems, Toxic metals, Struggle for life, collection in the Presidio,of bothbeing past located in San Francisco and in the center also make their home in the Presidio. Water rights Adelbert Von Chamisso, Johann an present. • Rare & Endangered Species, Escholtz of the GGNRA, the Presidio has the unique oppor- GEOLOGY & CLIMATE Flyways, Migration, Ecosystems, • Adelbert Chamisso andtunity Johann to partner with the health care community The Presidio bluffs display RESTORATION & Plant Communities Friedrich Eschscholtz,and Hans be seen as a important resource in the battle the region’s best exposure of ECOLOGICAL VALUES Herman Behr, the Californiaagainst chronic disease such as obesity and Type 2 serpentinite, the California state Ongoing stewardship of more than Botanical Club and Katherinediabetes as well as mental illness such as depres- rock. Remnants of sand dunes that 150 acres at habitat restoration sites. Brandegee, Alice Eastwood,sion and and isolation. once covered most of what is now • Discovery of lost species Peter Raven San Francisco are also prominent. Finding of Manzanita, • Natural landscape, Serpentine Stewardship community, Youth soils

52 1353 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix ThisPresidio matrix represents Interpretive the park’s currentThemes interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. ThroughTHEME: interpretation, CULTURAL CROSSROADS the meanings and relationships of the Presidio’s resourcesEssential Question will be revealed& Statement: and How explored, can examining thereby the increasing cultural mosaic visitor of peopleunderstanding, living in The Golden Gate, anchored by the Presidio, became a cultural crossroads and a gateway to immigration and settlement appreciationand around the and Presidio involvement shape our in understanding stewardship. of Five the nation?themes together tell the rich of the West Coast. storiesIDEAS of& theCONCEPTS Presidio’s INCLUDED natural and IN THEhuman THEME history, its transformation from a militaryTHE PRESIDIO’S post FIRSTto a PEOPLEnational park,DECIMATION and its future OF NATIVE as PEOPLE a model ofEXPLORATION sustainability. & COLONIZATION They • How did military campaigns that IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION & • What dilemmas did many recent areBefore consistent this land became with thepark Presidio, wide interpretiveOhlone and other themes Native American but provide • How more did competitionspecific insight between the Presidio took part in influence OPPORTUNITY immigrants and African Americans toit wasthe the Presidio. homeland These of the Yelamu, five themes cultures are were rooted forever inchanged an understanding and colonial ofpowers the affectPresidio’s the cultural diversity in San Francisco The Golden Gate has epitomized face in taking advantage of one of 50 or so tribes affiliated with ultimately shattered by Spanish development of California? and the nation? opportunity, survival and a gateway opportunities offered by Army significantthe Ohlone language resources group. and are adaptedcolonists, and from Mexican the and July U.S. 1994 General Management to a better life. that may not have been available EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING • What can we learn from the first actions. • How does the mixing of cultures in the outside world? Plan Amendment. These themes have been vetted and overForeign the years wars brought by numerous the caretakers of this land that we can • What interactions occurred shape our American identity? opportunity for cultural mixing as peopleapply includingto our lives today? historians, scientists,between interpretive the Native Americans rangers, and others who soldiers returned with wives from discussed and analyzed them andand then colonists? updated them. The themes are not mutually overseas, and acquired territories exclusive and there is overlap in associated stories under eachfacilitated theme. immigration. Many of the stories are interlinked and complementary—a logical result of telling multiple stories about a place whose people, events, resources and ideas are so interrelated. AsTANGIBLES: time moves TOPICS, on, these STORIES, themes & may PEOPLE evolve to include newly discovered significant sites and stories and fresh perspectives.NATIVE PEOPLE • Juan Batista De Anza, John C. IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION RACISM & FEAR Ohlone-Yelamu lived a subsistence Fremont, Juana Briones, Mariano & OPPORTUNITY In a response to fear of other whylifestyle defending at the thePresidio Golden for millennia Gate War I, Vallejo,World WarMaría II, Concepción Korean War, Whether leaving Russia to seek a races and cultures the US created GUARDIANS OF THE GATE before Europeans arrived. They were Argüello and Nikolai Rezanov, fortune in trade, crossing the Pacific government policy to that openly strait was so important. Interpre- Vietnam War, and Operation As one of the oldest continually the first land managers. Chief Marin, Estanislau, Campaign to escape political turmoil in China discriminated against a specific group tative programming will place Desert Storm. An outgrowth of used military posts in the United Against, American Indians, or coming from the eastern U.S. in of people. theEXPLORATION evolution of & the COLONIZATION Presidio, and America’s wars was the establish- States, the Presidio is of rare Spanish exploration and colonization Modoc War, Southwest Apache search of gold, People from around activities that occurred there, ment of the first army general • Chinese Exclusion Act historical significance. Recogniz- had a profound influence on Campaigns the world have dreamed of the • Executive Order 9066 in historical context to events hospital, which grew into the Golden Gate. ing the strategic importance the Presidio and San Francisco’s EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING affecting the three occupying medical Letterman Army Medical • U.S. Public Health Service of the great harbor named St. development. Early Russian Soldiers returned with wives from • Gold Rush, Operation Baby Lift, nations and how they help shape Center complex, pioneering the Francis, Spanish colonial officials exploration also had an influence. overseas, and acquired territories Filipino immigration and War in our country. Army’s use of women and nurses the Philippines ordered a new presidio, or forti- The interaction between the Native facilitated immigration. and its application of physi- fied garrison, be established on peoples and European arrivals is still reflected in the cultural expressions cal therapy to rehabilitate the the northern California Frontier. of modern California. wounded. In 1776, Juan Batista de Anza led How can the the expedition from Mexico to Interpretive efforts will examine the San Francisco Bay and estab- Presidio’s military the perceived roles of the military lishedTANGIBLES: the northernmost SITE RELATED per- TO THEMElegacy inform our including its role in resolving conflict. Highlighted will be the roles manent frontier of Spain’s New CRISSYnational FIELD MIDDENintentions? SITES FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE ORDONEZ CANNON World Empire. Since then, Spain, Evidence of Ohlone habitation prior of theRepresents Presidio Spanish and the and military Mexican Icon for American ingenuity and Building 35 (Western Defense Mexico, and the United States to Spanish colonization. as ainfluence consequence in the of Bay America’s Area. opportunity for immigrants from Command Headquarters during the consecutively, the Presidio has TENNESSE HOLLOW conceptEL POLIN of national SPRINGS defense and around the world. Internment of Japanese Americans. embodied an unparalleled record & LOBOS CREEK VALLEY a changingFirst Spanish world home view. sites on the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HOSPITAL Location of General DeWitt’s Office. As an important military post of the exploration and develop- Natural areas that provided water ThePresidio development reflect offamily the lifeU.S. at that Ran medical facilities at Angel Islands • Building 640 MIS Language and,and at food various to ingenious times, command people. time. immigration station, provided health School, Montgomery Street ment of America. As evidenced Army from the 19th century headquarters for the western services to Native Americans. Barracks by Fort Point, and its Spanish EL PRESIDIO ENTRANCE frontierCASTILLO force DE to SAN a world JOAQUIN power states, the Presidio played a predecessor, Castillo de San AT BUILDING 39 is reflected(FORT POINT) in the growth of the LOVER’S LANE JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA significantMixed Spanish role andin America’sYelamu artifacts Site of Spanish seacoast fortification Over 200 years old, it is the Presidio’s Joaquin, these nations placed Presidio, resulting in the nation’s NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL westwardindicate interactionexpansion betweenand for- cultures that guarded the Golden Gate. oldest foot trail. a great deal of importance in best “outdoor museum” of mili- Part of the 1200 mile trail, runs eignhere. wars: the Indian campaigns, through the Presidio marking the controlling the entrance to San tary architecture. An important Mexican-American War, Civil War, route of the Anza Expedition. Francisco Bay. The many stories story—evolution of harbor and told at the Presidio can explain Spanish-American War, World 5014 51 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix coastal defenses from the 1770’s This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered,to the 1970’s—is significant represented sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind by the remnant coastal defense the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. structures and associated archeo- THEME: CULTURAL CROSSROADS logical features. The dawn of military air power and transcon- Essential Question & Statement: How can examining the cultural mosaic of people living in The Golden Gate, anchored by the Presidio, became a cultural crossroads and a gateway to immigration and settlement of the tinentalWest Coast. flight is still evident at and around the Presidio shape our understanding of the nation? Crissy Field. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME In addition to its national roles, THE PRESIDIO’S FIRST PEOPLE DECIMATION OF NATIVE PEOPLE EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION • Howthe didPresidio military has campaigns an important that IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION & • What dilemmas did many recent Before this land became the Presidio, Ohlone and other Native American • How did competition between theinteractive Presidio took relationship part in influence with OPPORTUNITY immigrants and African Americans it was the homeland of the Yelamu, cultures were forever changed and colonial powers affect the culturalthe local diversity community. in San Francisco Important The Golden Gate has epitomized face in taking advantage of one of 50 or so tribes affiliated with ultimately shattered by Spanish development of California? andstories the nation?include the security of theopportunity, survival and a gateway opportunities offered by Army the Ohlone language group. colonists, and Mexican and U.S. to a better life. that may not have been available EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING Bay Area, the 1906 earthquake • What can we learn from the first actions. • How does the mixing of cultures in the outside world? Foreign wars brought the disaster relief, Presidio-based caretakers of this land that we can • What interactions occurred shape our American identity? opportunity for cultural mixing as recreation, and the “open post” apply to our lives today? between the Native Americans soldiers returned with wives from concept of citizen access. and colonists? overseas, and acquired territories The story of the people of the facilitated immigration. Presidio is equally important. The community has historically con- sisted of many different types TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE of people, from enlisted soldier NATIVE PEOPLE • Juan Batista De Anza, John C. IMMIGRATION,to four star MIGRATION general; each one RACISM & FEAR Ohlone-Yelamu lived a subsistence Fremont, Juana Briones, Mariano & OPPORTUNITYhas contributed to the Presidio’s In a response to fear of other lifestyle at the Presidio for millennia Vallejo, María Concepción Whetherhistory. leaving Cultural Russia differences to seek a and races and cultures the US created before Europeans arrived. They were Argüello and Nikolai Rezanov, fortunesimilarities in trade, of crossing people the who Pacific lived government policy to that openly the first land managers. Chief Marin, Estanislau, Campaign to escapehere willpolitical be examined, turmoil in China including discriminated against a specific group EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION Against, American Indians, or comingdifferent from perspectives the eastern U.S. on inwar of people. Spanish exploration and colonization Modoc War, Southwest Apache searchand of peace.gold, People The study from ofaround commu- • Chinese Exclusion Act Campaigns the world have dreamed of the had a profound influence on nity life on the post under differ-• Executive Order 9066 Golden Gate. the Presidio and San Francisco’s EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING ent nations, including the effects• U.S. Public Health Service development. Early Russian Soldiers returned with wives from • Goldof rank Rush, and Operation regimentation Baby Lift, on exploration also had an influence. Filipino immigration and War in overseas, and acquired territories families, is important for under- the Philippines The interaction between the Native facilitated immigration. standing military society. Equally peoples and European arrivals is still illuminating are the policies and reflected in the cultural expressions of modern California. roles that affected women and minority troops as well as other local inhabitants. TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME CRISSY FIELD MIDDEN SITES FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE ORDONEZ CANNON Evidence of Ohlone habitation prior Represents Spanish and Mexican Icon for American ingenuity and Building 35 (Western Defense to Spanish colonization. influence in the Bay Area. opportunity for immigrants from Command Headquarters during the TENNESSE HOLLOW EL POLIN SPRINGS around the world. Internment of Japanese Americans. & LOBOS CREEK VALLEY First Spanish home sites on the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HOSPITAL Location of General DeWitt’s Office. Natural areas that provided water Presidio reflect family life at that Ran medical facilities at Angel Islands • Building 640 MIS Language and food to ingenious people. time. immigration station, provided health School, Montgomery Street EL PRESIDIO ENTRANCE CASTILLO DE SAN JOAQUIN services to Native Americans. Barracks AT BUILDING 39 (FORT POINT) LOVER’S LANE JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA Mixed Spanish and Yelamu artifacts Site of Spanish seacoast fortification Over 200 years old, it is the Presidio’s NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL indicate interaction between cultures that guarded the Golden Gate. oldest foot trail. Part of the 1200 mile trail, runs here. through the Presidio marking the route of the Anza Expedition.

50 511 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: GUARDIANS OF THE GATE

Essential Question & Statement: How can the Presidio’s military legacy inform our As one of the oldest continually used military posts in the United States, the Presidio is of rare historical significance. national intentions? IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME WESTWARD EXPANSION from 1898 to 1994. MILITARY CULTURE • How has the military adapted to The Old Army was the first guardians • What role has military medicine The Presidio played a role in • How has the United States Officers, enlisted men and civilians cultural diversity? of California’s national parks. played in new medical discoveries? subduing American Indians, who came and went and reflect an projected its power around the CIVIC AFFAIRS • How did the Army role on the AVIATION were seen to be in conflict with evolving history and culture of world? The civilian population of San Western frontier position it to Crissy Field was the site of many settlers from other parts of the almost 220 years. becomeGate. It effectivebegins with stewards the life of ways gold fever attracted a cultural SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS FranciscoCULTURAL and the soldiers CROSSROADS of the pioneering feats in the early years of country. • What impact did the military’s use the finest remaining natural and Seacoast fortifications at the Presidio Presidio have interacted with one of the native peoples and their aviation.mélange, transforming San Fran- • How did the notion of “Manifest of segregation have on the men The Golden Gate, anchored by scenic landscapes? showcase the importance of San another over the centuries. interaction with, and eventual • cisco How intodid the a regional aviation commercialmilestones Destiny” shape the development and women that served? the Presidio, became a cultural Francisco Bay to the nations that have • What was the role of the army MILITARYdisplacement MEDICINE by, Europeans. centerat Crissy and Field gateway help make to the the mines. of our nation? crossroads and a gateway to occupied it. • What was the role of women and in the Presidio during the 1906 MedicalSpanish facilities and Mexicanat the Presidio cultures Theworld city’s a smaller rapid andgrowth more spurred immigration and settlement REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE minorities in the military and how earthquake and how did it change wereprofoundly on the leading influenced edge of militarythe devel - theinterconnected government place? to establish a • How do we protect our borders of the West Coast. From its The Presidio was involved in every and our ideals? were they recognized? the relationship between military medicalopment research, of San technology Francisco & and formal military reservation at prominent position guarding the major U.S. conflict outside its borders and civilian population? treatment.the Presidio itself, and persist the Presidio and build massive Golden Gate, the Presidio has in the cultural expressions of Fort Point to protect the harbor TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE witnessed and played an inte- present-day California. In addi- entrance. The post itself tem- gral role in the exploration and SPANISH & MEXICAN CIVIL WAR JAPANESE-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE WAGING WAR OVERSEAS CIVICtion, AFFAIRS the Presidio bore witness MILITARYporarily MEDICINE lost record numbers of settlement of the American West, MILITARY & COLONIALISM California, particularly the The 4th Army Intelligence (Japanese From the Spanish-American War Cityto dwellers the valuable came to contributions see soldiers Thesoldiers Presidio to was the on gold the fields.leading the rise of San Francisco, and the El Presidio was the northernmost Presidio, played a role in what is Language) School and the U.S.’s through Desert Storm, the Presidio drillfrom and parade.groups such as the Ohlone edge of military medical research, cultural growth of central Cali- San Francisco has long been extension of the Spanish empire in usually considered an “east of the internment of Japanese-Americans played a role in training and • PPIE,Indians, Lincoln Mexicans, Beechey, African- Abram technology and treatment. California. Spanish and Mexican roots Mississippi” conflict. after the attack on Pearl Harbor administeringfornia. the U.S. Army fighting “Jug” Wood, Charles Young • America’s Maj. Jonathan window Letterman, to the Gen.other are evident in archeological finds, • Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston were concurrent events of ironic machine. PacificGeorge nationsH. Torney, and Army gateway Nurse for Examination of the geography of1906 EARTHQUAKE place names and architecture. counterpoint centered at the Presidio. • Spanish American War, Philippine theirCorps, emigrants. Dora Thompson The meeting of MILITARY CULTURE the Golden Gate and San Fran- After the 1906, the army kept • Gen. John L. DeWitt American War, WWI, WWII, How can examining East and West was celebrated in • Juan Bautista de Anza, Pedro The U.S. Army exemplified changes cisco Bay makes evident the sig- order in San Francisco, helped fight SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS Korean Conflict, Vietnam War the cultural mosaic the 1915 Panama Pacific Interna- Font, Joaquin Moraga later evident in the larger society in BUFFALO SOLDIERS nificance of this geological gate-fires, and provided medical and The Presidio’s seacoast fortifications tional Exposition, partially held hierarchy, tradition, desegregation The Presidio was garrison for black AVIATIONway as a funnel for exploration, humanitarianof people aid. living in exemplify the evolution of military INDIAN WARS on Presidio land and today’s San The U.S. Army carried out campaigns and other class, race, and gender troops of the Buffalo Soldiers in Crissyimmigration, Field played an and important commerce. role in A • Gen. Frederick Funston, Gen. technology from the cannonball era and around what is Francisco features a rich compos- from the Presidio to subdue issues. 1903-04, when they participated the risemilitary of military post and at thiscivilian location aviation. was Adolphus Greely to the age of guided missiles. in the local African American now known as the ite of Pacific Rim cultures. Yet, American Indians in the West. • John J. Pershing, WACs, Army • Maj.of vital Dana importance Crissy, Gen. Henryto the H. expan- • William Endicott, William Taft community and rode out to protect many cultures, especially those • Modoc War, Gen. Edward Canby, Nurse Corps Arnoldsionist designs of the nations’ Presidio shape our Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. perceived as a threat to our Captain Jack controlling the region. Yet the understanding of the • Charles Young economy, national security, and Presidio did not simply “guard nation? our way of life, have not always the gate”. From 1848-1850 Cali- TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME been embraced by American fornia was governed by the US citizens and the government. MAIN POST FORT POINT NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE in 1904 near Baker Beach which LETTERMANArmy. It GENERAL influenced, HOSPITAL and in turn NATIONALAmericans, CEMETERY Chinese-Americans, The U.S. Army stationed at the Heart of the Presidio with examples Civil War era coastal defense fort at holds the last 6-inch “disappearing Built wasduring impacted the Philippine by, the American developing Final and resting Japanese-American place for over 30,000 soldiers Presidio, under the authority of of military architecture spanning the the base of the south tower of the gun” of its type on the West Coast War, regionLetterman and pioneered its diverse many peoples. types veteranswhose and descendants family members, still live in the U.S. government, at times its growth from the Civil War, Indian Golden Gate Bridge. and Battery Godfrey, which housed of militaryBeyond medicine its geography and cared and for prox- includingthe Bay 35 AreaMedal and of Honor whose stories Wars, Spanish American War and 12-inch guns overlooking the Golden soldiers up through the Vietnam War. recipients. Contains graves of over 450 played a destructive role when it FORT WINFIELD SCOTT imity to the strait and Bay, the remain relevant today. Interpre- World Wars I & II. Gate. Buffalo Soldiers and other minorities in came to intercultural exchange. Headquarters of the San Francisco PRESIDIOpresence STABLES of fresh water was vital tation at the Presidio provides an the military. The Modoc War and the South- THE FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB coastal defense system from 1912 to CRISSY AIRFIELD & HANGARS Builtto in sustaining1914, the stables the needs housed of the El opportunity to examine concepts Oldest and most revered building the 1950s. Contains early examples of 1920s airfield that was active during last generation of cavalry horses MIS LANGUAGE SCHOOL – site where west Apache campaigns against Presidio and subsequent human related to colonization, rac- on the Presidio, stands near the Spanish revival style architecture on a the pioneering years of aviation and and are now home for the US Park Nisei soldiers learned Japanese needed American Indians and internment chapter to this day. ism, resistance and struggle and southwest corner of the Plaza de military post. saw many aviation firsts. Police’s mounted patrol. for military intelligence, while their of Japanese-Americans dur- American identity. Armas, the original Spanish presidio COASTAL BATTERIES WWIIInterpretative MEMORIAL programming will families were placed in internment ing World War II represent low of 1776. Club adobe walls were Record the post–Civil War, Endicott Commemoratesexamine the soldiers origins lost and at seaaspects campsThe during U.S. Army’s World War takeover II. of the points in American history. probably constructed 1812-1815. and Taft eras of Coast defenses. off theof thePacific various coast culturesduring recastWorld Presidio preceded the discov- Including Battery Chamberlin—built War byII. passage through the Golden ery of gold in California. The 48 1749 ISLAND OF REFUGE The Presidio also plays an important role in the international In a world of diminishing biologi- How are the scientific conservation story as it is a dis- cal diversity, the Presidio repre- tinctive segment of the Central values of the Presidio’s sents an island of refuge in an California Coast International urban environment and provides natural systems Biosphere Reserve. Through an opportunity to foster aware- inherently valuable inclusion in the international ness of the importance of species biosphere reserves program (a and how do they diversity and the value of open United Nations designation), impact surrounding space. This refuge for important Presidio ecosystems are tied to remnants of dwindling local and communities? a family of internationally sig- global biotic communities is a nificant examples of the world’s result of complex natural systems natural regions. Its natural and and the Presidio’s protection human systems serve as a labo- afforded by its long-term use as ratory for learning about the a military post. planet’s environmental chal- Varied topography, a Mediter- lenges and solutions. ranean climate, and fresh water The Presidio offers an outdoor resources have produced land- classroom to interpret natural scapes with extraordinary bio- systems, biological diversity, diversity at the Presidio. Many habitat protection and restora- significant natural resources tion. Interpretation and educa- persist at the Presidio and these, tional programs will be critical in and other natural features, will the protection and enhancement become ever more valuable as of these resources. they diminish elsewhere. The post is a critical stop for migrat- Presidio interpretive programs ing neo-tropical birds. The Presi- can increase public awareness of dio is also home to federally and the values of biodiversity, ecosys- state listed rare, threatened, and tem protection, ecological resto- endangered plant and animal ration, and personal stewardship species. The post is notable as of the natural world. Visitors can the site of the earliest discoveries learn lessons about large scale of a number of west coast native restoration projects such as wet- species by the scientific world. lands dunes, the historic forest’s Interpretation will explore the replanting and regeneration, myriad impacts of humans on and environmental remediation these ecosystems, from prehis- techniques. Interpretive pro- tory to present, and draw les- grams can be complemented by sons from the spectrum of values hands-on opportunities. People exhibited by the various cultures should not just learn about natu- that resided here. ral systems, they should also have the opportunity to participate in Since 1816 the Presidio has been protecting them through volun- a place of many important sci- teer involvement. In the tradition entific discoveries and over the of youth like Ansel Adams and centuries has been used to col- Peter Raven who explored the lect and record the native flora Presidio as youth, young people and fauna of San Francisco by in the 21st Century might be suf- many prominent people. Since ficiently inspired by their Presi- becoming a national park, many dio-based experiences to pursue scientists and university research- related professional paths. ers have been impressed by their studies of the enduring flora and fauna in the park today. 18 1 Conclusion

The intent of the Presidio Interpretive Plan is to provide a framework and guiding document for GGNRA Interpretation and Education staff, working in partnership with The Presidio Trust and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, to develop and implement programs and activities. The Directions for the Next Decade section of this plan does not include Presidio-specific actions, as the three partners have committed to developing a tri-agency interpretation and education work plan that will be added when completed. Biennial work plans will include comprehensive lists of all projects currently under development, how each agency is involved, how they intersect with one another and meet desired outcomes, as well as address evaluation and how we can work together to continually improve the experience of our visitors. This coordinated approach to interpreting the Presidio will encourage the partners to pool resources, collaborate to target underserved audiences, fill gaps in programming and provide park users with a seamless and high-quality visitor experience showcasing the unprecedented concentration of natural, scenic, cultural, and recreational resources of the Presidio.

46 1 VII. Interpret & Promote Global Issues VIII. Use New & Emerging Technologies Such As Sustainability & Climate Change Expand the use of technology to advance the To help ourselves and others understand the nega- division’s communications strategies, allowing for tive impacts humans can have on the people, the easier distribution and sharing of information and park and greater environment, the GGNRA will offering the park a way to establish and maintain incorporate global issues and consequences of long-term relationships with the public through unsustainable practices into interpretive, educa- multiple park experiences. tional and stewardship programs in addition to its Rationale: The use of new and emerging technolo- interpretive media. gies such as smartphones, tablet computers, and Rationale: The GGNRA and the public need to social networking applications (Twitter, Facebook, better under¬stand climate change and mitigate Instagram, etc.) is continually expanding to a wider its effects on Golden Gate’s marine and terrestrial field of people and has become an essential and resources. As part of the GGNRA’s goal to become wide-reaching outreach tool that can be used to climate neutral, the role of the Division of Inter- expand our connections to visitors and enhance pretation and Education is to share those successes park experiences. Through social media, visitors and challenges with the public and promote long have the power to share their personal park expe- lasting and sustainable practices. riences with thousands of networked individuals at the touch of a button. Additionally, the use Actions of technology to convey information reduces the 1. Work directly with cultural and natural need for printed material and helps the park reach resources in monitoring climate change and to sustainability goals. obtain accurate and up-to-date information Actions and reports on climate change. 2. Use sustainable and zero-emission practices 1. Develop multimedia strategy to help inventory, wherever possible in our operations, services prioritize, and evaluate communications strate- and programs and inform the public of this gies using new and emerging technologies. park’s (and the NPS) efforts to minimize carbon 2. Incorporate multimedia devices (e.g. smart- emissions and promote green practices. The phones, tablet computers, assisted-learning park should lead by example. devices, etc.) for a range of audiences such as 3. Capitalize on existing volunteer programs such youth, parents, commuters, hearing-impaired as ocean stewardship, collaborate with part- people, and others. ners and stakeholders and incorporate press- 3. Review and evaluate website as primary tool ing global issues into Junior Rangers and other for communicating information to the visitor programs. and its ability to link to new and emerging technology. 1 45 V. Advance Community Partnerships VI. Examine & Increase Park Relevancy A CHANGING LANDSCAPE In addition to working collaboratively with the In the upcoming years, GGNRA will play an active The Presidio’s cultural landscape Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, The Presi- role in the effort to increase relevancy of national represents an evolution of physi- dio Trust, and the numerous organizations housed parks and work to engage the community in devel- cal development influenced by on the GGNRA, the division of Interpretation and opment of visitor services, interpretation and edu- the site’s geography, local and Education will work with community organizations cation of the park. In addition, park operations will national historical events, chang- that share core values of community, stewardship, be analyzed for inclusion of diverse populations ing social values, and techno- education, and equity and who are interested in and staff and volunteers will receive training on logical advances. The Presidio’s connecting a diverse range of people with their inclusion and equity, working with diverse popula- landscape manifests the com- national parks. tions, and multicultural education. plex interaction of people and place, a dynamic influenced by Rationale: By developing long term and durable Rationale: In an increasingly diverse and changing geography, hydrology, history, partnerships, the GGNRA can accomplish man- America, national parks must examine its place in technology, architecture, land- agement goals and objectives that it might not society in order to remain meaningful and relevant. scape architecture, demography, be able to accomplish alone. Through collabora- With increased pressure on students to balance and changing social values. The tion, the GGNRA will better understand the needs school and work, the introduction of personal gad- human-made changes to the and interests of the communities, better engage gets and social networking sites, and more choices Presidio’s landscape constitute a diverse stakeholders, and better serve as a commu- in how one chooses leisure activities, people and mosaic of many stories, requiring nity space and resource. families must make tough choices about how they some clarification and interpre- spend their time. If national parks cannot show Actions tation to reveal the complete be interpreted in relation to its post brick barracks suggest the people their value, create connections to people’s picture. impact on the landscape and the confidence of an expanding 1. Leverage the resources of the GGNRA and everyday lives, and cultivate advocates and stew- Army’s role during its planning nation in the 1890’s. The world other community organizations to foster ards in the next generations, park visitation will Beginning at least 1500 years and construction. made its imprint on the Presidio widespread investment in stewardship of the continue to decline and the importance of national ago this land provided Ohlone with the 1915 Panama Pacific In response to the often harsh nation’s resources. parks could become an outdated concept to Amer- Indians with ample food and International Exposition. 2. Identify, establish and evaluate new oppor- icans. It is therefore a necessity that GGNRA be a fresh water, as well as a village environment, the US Army’s tunities for dialogue on key issues related to leader in the movement that links key park val- site. Their most intensive form plantings and diverse architec- The evidence of the inexo- the meaning of park resources, and model and ues: health and wellness, civic engagement, youth of ecological management was tural styles resulted in the Presi- rable impacts of technology apply dialogue methodologies in all endeavors development and public education. deliberate burning of the land- dio becoming a highly desirable abounds. The last brick stables of the division. scape that stimulated growth of community in which to live and constructed by the Army tell Actions 3. Adopt the principles of collective impact in order seed producing plants and stem work. Because of this adaptation the tale of muscle giving way to to work with other organizations in a more effi- 1. Reformat themes to be inquiry-based and growth of basketry plants, and of the natural and built envi- motor. Deserted seacoast bat- cient, productive, and collaborative nature. ensure themes are universally relevant and opened land for easier hunting. ronment, the Presidio’s design teries offer mute testimony of connect to modern day Americans. Review evolved differently from other the supremacy of air power over stories and ensure representation of a diversity military bases in the country and cannon. The pioneering Crissy of people and perspectives. Relate and address How does the the buildings and landscapes that Army Airfield is but a short dis- current topics/issues of interest to communities. remain today illustrate this. tance from the headquarters of Presidio’s changing San Francisco’s Nike missile sites, 2. Develop mechanism that includes stakeholders Evolving site plans, building landscape offer two stages in the evolutions of such as youth, staff and partners to continually materials and architectural coastal defense now abandoned examine relevancy both in content, but also insights into the styles reflect local, regional and for more advanced weaponry. delivery of programs and site operations. complex interaction of national influences on the Pre- 3. Work with committees both regionally and people and place? sidio landscape. The boundary Interpretative programming can nationally that have been established to exam- wall, orientation of the Funston give the public the opportunity ine relevancy, engage in initiatives and projects Avenue houses, and Julius Kahn to peel back the Presidio’s many such as Healthy Parks, Healthy People that make The Golden Gate’s geology and Playground attest to impacts of rich layers. It can also address parks meaningful to a broader audience, and geography had a great effect the growth of San Francisco. The the challenges park managers share best practices within and between parks. on the Presidio’s development. use of the Spanish-derived Mis- face today in resource preserva- The location of the post and its sion Revival architectural style tion, building rehabilitation, and fortifications are directly related at Fort Scott denotes an interest ecological restoration in the face to the features of the gateway to in California’s Spanish heritage. of changing needs and uses, par- San Francisco Bay, testifying to Imposing Fort Point reflects the ticularly the shift from an active its role as guardian of the Gate. value the nation places on San army post to a civilian commu- The dominant feature of the post Francisco and its harbor. The nity and national park. is the Golden Gate Bridge, will strength and size of the main 44 21 III. Expand Opportunities IV. Improve Park Accessibility What is a national park and what & Deepen Impact on Youth Improve park access for audiences of all physical lessons can we learn from the Deepen impact and expand opportunities for (mobility, hearing and sight-impaired) and learn- Presidio’s transformation from post youth in grades kindergarten through 12th grade ing abilities by including multiple strategies such to engage in their national park through school as verbal, written, visual, and tactile methods into to park? field trips, after school and summer programs, park experiences. online activities, family outings, and individual Rationale: Making every park program meaning- initiatives by offering relevant standards-based fully accessible provides a chance for all people of programming, working strategically with partners, varying abilities to experience the programs and establishing new collaborations with schools and resources of the parks. Whether a person visits the community-based organizations and providing pro- park in person or through online technology, the fessional development for educators, park partners, goal of the park is to provide universal access to the volunteers and staff. widest possible range of programs and activities. Rationale: Ultimately, the fate of Golden Gate Actions National Recreation Area and the entire National Park System is in the hands of the next generation. 1. Examine all elements of the division‘s work However, children are increasingly more isolated through the lens of universal accessibility and from nature, and they are choosing to stay inside apply holistic solutions in implementing the rather than experience the outdoors, giving impe- park‘s Accessibility Plan. tus to the Children and Nature movement. This 2. Work with partner organizations to train staff has serious implications for both public health and in how to create and deliver accessible pro- environmental preservation. Additionally, there is grams. a decreasing emphasis on place-based history in 3. Include the use of emerging technologies to schools, which contributes to a diminishing under- enhance and aid park participation for every- standing by children of their own communities and one of all abilities. relationships to the nation‘s history. It is critical that Golden Gate National Recreation Area works FROM POST TO PARK in an urban environment and can prime examples of how to con- to engage the next generation of park stewards serve as a gateway to the larger nect and make the park a part of The Presidio’s transformation through programs and activities designed specifi- national park system. the community they care about. from military post to a viable, cally for early childhood audiences, families, and vibrant national park site has The Presidio is expanding the Through public outreach and the millennial generation, with an eye to succeed- yielded new models and innova- definition of what a national community participation, many ing generations. tive practices which can provide park can be and the role it can voices and views are influenc- Actions lessons for other communities. play in our communities. With its ing the plans and programs the Though the Presidio has long proximity to a large urban popu- Presidio Trust and NPS are devel- 1. Foster more meaningful experiences by work- been under federal jurisdiction, lation, the Presidio is a refuge oping. Interpretation provides a ing with park partners to develop set of stan- there are many challenges to to people in the city, offering a platform for discussing all of the dards based on youth development principles transforming it from a military wealth of recreational opportu- social and physical changes pres- for any and all park programs. post to a national park. The nities, educational and cultural ent in the process of converting a 2. Continue, create, and evaluate in-depth, conversion of the Presidio’s role programs and great place to military base to civilian purposes. authentic, and relevant K-12 curriculum based as the “defender of the Golden volunteer. Presidio tenants, resi- The Presidio is recognized by learning experiences with an ongoing commit- Gate” to a welcoming and inclu- dents, neighbors, and communi- organizations and agencies for ment to professional development for educa- sive public place is still under- ties that may have never visited successful sustainability and his- tors, park partners, volunteers and staff. way. The Presidio’s infrastructure the Presidio or a national park toric preservation projects. The 3. Identify gaps in services by grade level, com- and facilities—once critical to site is important for its long-term Presidio has hosted visitors from munities, and type of programming and invest our nation’s defense—are being vitality and stewardship. The across the US as well as represen- in expanding opportunities for youth in those called to a new kind of public NPS and Presidio Trust’s efforts tatives from other countries who areas. use that stands for history, envi- to engage these communities in face similar challenges in their ronment, community and service the planning for the future of, own countries for transforming at the Presidio. Like other parts the maintaining and enjoyment military bases to new uses. As of the GGNRA, the Presidio pro- of the Presidio is critical. Current the world becomes increasingly vides opportunities for a mean- site stewardship and youth lead- urbanized, many are looking to ingful national park experience ership programs such as I-YEL are the Presidio to learn by example. 22 43 Direction for the Next Decade

Park Youth Collaborative Core Principles: 1. Put collective agenda first (be audience-focused, not organizationally-focused) 2. Celebrate joint accomplishments and share credit generously 3. Presume good faith 4. Acknowledge and leverage our differences as strengths; create an authentic partnership with defined roles and expectations 5. Keep communication channels open and seek informal and formal opportunities to stay connected 6. Have a bias toward finding shared solutions when we disagree, and empower individuals to resolve disagreements themselves 7. Acknowledge and reward collaboration within and across organizations

1 41 “The Presidio’s location at the Golden Gate has produced an unprecedented concentration of natural, scenic, cultural, and recreational resources—unique ecological systems, inviting parklands, spectacular views and vistas, and distinctive architecture.” —(General Management Plan Amendment, NPS, 1994)

1 1 Current Programs & Activities Since its transformation to a national park site, the NPS has provided interpretive programs and activities at the Presidio, complemented more recently by those presented by the Presidio Trust. The following is a list of current interpretive and educational programming that supports the vast array of natural, cultural and recreational opportunities on the Presidio. Many of these programs are led by the National Park Service while others are led by The Presidio Trust or the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the GGNRA’s cooperating association. A majority of programs are developed and led in partnership with one or all of the above agencies as well as a variety of community-based organizations. Outreach & Community Engagement—Crissy Field Center The Golden Gate National Recre- Earth Stroll spring event to Camping at the Presidio (CAP) ation Area continues its strong focus on a “healthy people and Designed for community orga- commitment to reach out to healthy parks” initiative and the nizations and schools that ordi- communities that tradition- newly-launched Mission: Presi- narily lack the resources to bring ally have not visited or valued dio! which celebrates the histori- their group on an overnight out- national parks. The Crissy Field cal and geographical connections door experience, CAP provides Center, a partnership of the between the Presidio of San a meaningful gateway camp- National Park Service, Parks Francisco and Mission Dolores ing experience for children and Conservancy and the Presidio with a walk from the Mission to youth from around the Bay Area. Trust, is a dynamic hub of youth the Presidio. The Goldman Envi- The program provides trans- engagement serving those that ronmental Prize Youth Reception portation, training, gear, and a traditionally have had little provides the opportunity for guided program to roughly 4000 access to their national parks. approximately 150 youth each underserved youth a year at the The Center’s mission is to encour- year to learn about that year’s Rob Hill campground in the Pre- age new generations to become winners and meet them up close sidio. Camping at the Presidio is bold leaders for thriving parks, and personal. also a partnership with Bay Area healthy communities and a more Community Programs Wilderness Training. environmentally just society. The center serves over 25,000 partici- Single-experience programs Youth Leadership pants annually and is the primary include Community Campfire avenue for outreaching and serv- Program (off-site visit) and Crissy Inspiring Young Emerging Lead- ing under-represented commu- Field Past and Present (on-site ers (I-YEL) provides leadership nities. The following is a list of trip). Multi-experience programs experience for 24 high school current program offered by the combine off-site visits with students annually. Students provide service to the park, par- Crissy Field Center. on-site field trips; these include Three models of partnership include: Watershed Through Time, Sea- ticipate in leadership and career Outreach & Special Events side Senses, Cultural Encounters development workshops, and • A. Co-initiated, co-developed, and co-implemented with resources (labor and non-labor) (Ohlone and the Anza Expedi- implement their own project contributed by all partners; credit will be shared by all partners In order to widen reach to com- tion), Growing Your Roots: Juana every year to address an envi- munities that traditionally have • B. Single partner initiated, developed and implemented with peer input, review and support Briones, , and Buffalo Soldiers. In ronmental and social problem in not visited the park, park staff from the other partner; credit will be given to lead partner with acknowledgement of addition, People To Park Stew- their community. In the summer, provide information and host contributions by other partners. ards offers a customized pro- many are placed in individual activities at fairs and festivals gram option—involving multiple internships throughout the • C. Single organization initiated, developed and implemented with notification to other such as Cinco de Mayo, Fiesta on visits/field trips—where students Center and park. The program is organizations. Single organization credit. the Hill, Sanchez Adobe’s Rancho initiate their own neighborhood entirely youth initiated, planned Days, SF Juneteenth, and oth- Model A is recognized as the most desired form of partnership by the organizations and project. This program area serves and run and hosts a robust ers. In addition, the Center hosts we will strive for that model whenever possible. over 7500 individuals annually. alumni program. special events such as annual 26 1 Mission for Interpretation & Education

The mission of the Division of Interpretation and Education at GGNRA is to provide leadership in conceiving, implementing, and evaluating high quality and innovative programs and materials that engage communities in the full meaning and contemporary relevance of resources in order to provide visitors with opportunities for a transformative and inspiring national park experience. Although the mission welcomes everyone, the park emphasizes work with those that traditionally have little, if any access to national parks. This includes supporting youth on the path to becoming successful, contributing adults who value and protect their communities’ natural and cultural resources. For more specific information about park-wide management goal and visitor experience goals please refer to the GGNRA LRIP.

Partnership & Collaboration and the Parks Conservancy hold To formalize the collaborative regular meetings and planning relationship between the NPS In order to successfully realize sessions to promote healthy and the Presidio Trust, a Let- the mission of interpretation collaboration and discussion of ter of Agreement for Presidio and education at GGNRA in the overall agency roles, resources, Interpretive Framework and Presidio, powerful and effective and recognition. Meetings Visitor Center Planning (2010) partnerships must occur between involve equal representation and and Memorandum of Agreement many organizations, especially are jointly facilitated and man- for Presidio of San Francisco the Presidio Trust which is the aged. These meetings examine Area A/Area B Boundary Adjust- land manager for Area B of the the overall visitor experience, ments and Joint Operations Presidio and the Golden Gate looking at Interpretive Media (2012) was signed. These agree- National Parks Conservancy, the (brochures and bulletins, maps, ments outline building use and principal nonprofit partner and websites, newsletters and inter- ownership and make an effort cooperating association of the pretive signage), Education to define roles and responsi- GGNRA. Collaboration on specific Programs (curriculum-based bilities between the agencies, projects and programs such as and other school programs and clarify purpose and goals, and Trails Forever, Presidio Park Stew- afterschool programs), Public layout financial obligations for ards and Camping at the Presi- Programs and Personal Services collaborative projects. Future dio (CAP) demonstrate that by (Visitor Center, Heritage Centers Agreements may be developed working together and leveraging and related programs), and Vol- to outline implementation and partner strengths and experi- unteer Engagement (interns and operational strategies for the ences, the overall effectiveness, volunteers). Presidio Visitor Center and other reach and impact on visitors will areas of joint collaboration. increase. It is with this intent that A yearly review of themes, proj- these partners move into the ects and programs will occur in Park Youth Collaborative next century as a collaborative order to create a seamless visitor effort in interpreting the Presi- experience and avoid redun- In 2012 the Presidio Trust, the dio. The broad interpretive team dancy or confusion by the public NPS, and the Golden Gate includes interpretive rangers and of the various services offered. National Parks Conservancy established the Park Youth Col- docents as well as natural and Although agencies will work collaborative in an effort to bet- cultural resources staff and other laboratively to plan and imple- ter partner and to better serve park-based employees who inter- ment an interpretation strategy young people at the Presidio. face with the public in different at the Presidio, the group rec- Engaging in a year-long study ways. ognizes the need for various with the consulting group Bridg- To find common ground and degrees of partnership within espan, representatives from all improve coordination, the Presi- individual projects. three agencies met to collectively dio Trust, National Park Service, 38 1 Service Learning Day Camps Education Programs Print Media Volunteers-in-Parks Middle school students in the In Things with Wings, Seaside Curriculm-based field trips are An array of printed material exist Program intensive Urban Trailblazers pro- Sleuths, Junior Rangers, and offered to grades K–12. They including newsletters, brochures, Volunteerism in the Presidio gram get their first experience other park-based camps, elemen- include Flyin’High, My Favorite pad maps, trail maps, event offers dynamic, meaningful in job skills while working as a tary school-aged youth com- Marsh, It’s Electric, Garbology postcards and books that allow interaction with the enduring team providing service, learning bine outdoor investigation and 101, and Project Wise and out- visitors to take information with hidden and living histories of the about environment and health, field outings with fun hands-on lined in more detail below. 80% them and read at their leisure. park. Volunteer experiences are and participating in overnight projects. Youth entering grades of children attend public schools Many of these publications are potential the most impacting of trips to Rob Hill, Alcatraz, and 9 through 12 can continue their in San Francisco, Alameda or isolated to Presidio resources, all forms of community engage- Yosemite. At James Lick Middle camp experience by leading and Marin counties and a majority while other are about the whole ment for visitors of all ages. As School, students enrolled in the mentoring children as Counselors school serve a large population Golden Gate National Recreation they become a part of its life, afterschool program are led by in Training. Driven by the belief of students on free or reduced Area and include information park becomes a part of their lives. Crissy Field Instructors. that all youth deserve an enrich- lunch. relevant to the Presidio. The Service to the park cultivates a ing and memorable summer National Park Service, Presidio relationship that grows and deep- experience, the Crissy Field Cen- Trust, and Park Conservancy all ens with time, over a lifetime. ter distributes 40–50% of camper publish print material. Below is a scholarships each year. list of Presidio based media: The Presidio Trust, National Park Service and Parks Conservancy • The Natural Presidio Education Programs manage a robust volunteer and • Presidio Insects and their Plant internship program serving Education programs are those that serve school children at the K-12 level, as well as pre-service and Hosts almost 8,250 individual volun- in-service teachers. They include formal place-based learning programs held in the park and in schools, • Pioneers of Flight teers and groups in the Presi- guided and self-guided programs for school classes visiting the park, and informal school field trips and • The Buffalo Soldiers dio, who contribute more than visits to schools and communities. The following programs are currently offered: • Under Three Flags 100,000 hours yearly. Volunteer • The 1915 World’s Fair opportunities range from giving K-12 Curriculum-Based Field Trips—Park Staff Facilitated • Battery Chamberlin public programs to stewardship • The 1906 Earthquake: The Sensible Habitats Grades: K–1 of natural and cultural resources. Army’s Role Programs include: Students become nature detectives on an intriguing investigation near the Golden Gate to uncover the • Patriotism and Prejudice: rich diversity of human, plant, and animal life. Japanese Americans and • Interpretation/Education: World War II Presidio School Program Flyin’ High Grades: K–1 Interns, Visitor Center The Presidio Trust has produced a Volunteers, Public Program Students learn what makes a good habitat for birds and how human activity can have an impact on number of self-guided booklets Docents, Costumed that habitat. designed to help children explore Interpretation Thingamajigs & Whatchamacalits Grades: 1–2 the natural areas around them. • Crissy Center Outreach: Two Kids on Trail guides are avail- School Program Interns, IYEL Students are introduced to the field of archaeology and are provided with the opportunity to explore able in English, Spanish and Chi- youth program, Event and the Presidio’s past cultures by comparing and contrasting artifacts. nese. The Ecology Trail and Anza Center Volunteers My Favorite Marsh Grades: 2–3 Trail is designed for children 5-10 • Cultural Resources: years old and accompanied by Archeology Lab interns and Students learn about the various roles that wetlands play in our urban environment and why wetlands an adult. A growing family of volunteers, Park Archives are important. quest adventures, sense of place volunteers and interns Petal Pushers Grade: 3 treasure hunts for children and • Weekly Drop In Programs: youth of varying ages, explore a Presidio Park Stewards, Students become knee-high naturalists at the Presidio Plant Nursery as they have an A-Z indigenous variety of sites: Tennessee Hollow Presidio Nursery, Presidio Park plant adventure. Watershed, Lobos Creek Valley Stewards, Presidio Nursery and Fort Scott. Point of Inquiry Grade: 4 As a benefit, dorm style housing Students are transported to Gold Rush era Fort Point to discover and imagine another time and place. is available for a limited number of full-time interns. A Park Acad- Excavate History Grade: 4 emy is offers free on-going workshops and trainings throughout Students focus on the Spanish colonial era and how archaeology is used to learn more about the the year to all volunteers. people who once lived at El Presidio de San Francisco.

28 37 Interpretive Media Interpretive media include a broad array of non-personnel ways of providing information to visitors— before, during, and after their visit. The following are examples of this type of media already in use at the Presidio.

Summer Day Camps In addition to camps offered by the Crissy Field Center the Presidio Trust offers a number of week long summer camps for elementary and middle school-aged youth.

Experimental Archaeology Camp Grades: 4–5 Students learn about the past cultures of the Presidio by attempting to replicate some of the daily activities of the Ohlone, Spanish, and Mexican colonists. Ceramics Camp Grades: 6–8 Students work with a ceramic artist to make a variety of ceramic vessels using traditional manufactur- ing techniques and different decorative styles to learn some of the traditions the Spanish colonists would have brought with them to San Francisco. 30 1 Educator Workshops & Events

Dissonant Voices In-Service Teachers This annual teacher institute offers practical approaches to using primary sources to help educators provoke students to pose meaningful questions, apply critical thinking skills, and build historic inter- pretations. Approximately one day of this four day workshop focuses on Presidio History. Presidio Teachers’ Night In-Service & Pre-Service Teachers At this annual event, educators enjoy a reception, attend presentations, collect educational materials, network with other educators, and learn about opportunities and resources available outside the classroom. “...to promote and regulate the use of the... Nature in Your Neighborhood* In-Service Teachers & Non-Formal Educators national parks...which purpose is to conserve This 2-day workshop utilizes “Finding Urban Nature: An Educators’ Guide to Exploring San Francisco the scenery and the natural and historic objects Natural History.” Participants learn site specific, natural and cultural history content and activities to and the wild life therein and to provide for the help them create relevant and powerful outdoor experiences that meet science and history standards. The program is offered through the Crissy Field Center in partnership with the Golden Gate National enjoyment of the same in such manner and by Parks Conservancy, the Presidio Trust, San Francisco Recreation and Park Department, Literacy for Envi- such means as will leave them unimpaired for the ronmental Justice and San Francisco Unified School District. enjoyment of future generations.” —National Park Service Organic Act, 16 U.S.C.1.

1 1 Public Programs & Personal Services

Formal Programs Bridge to mark the anniversary Visitor Centers of the Golden Gate Bridge’s 75th Formal programs include tradi- The temporary Presidio Visitor anniversary. tional ranger led programs such Center is located in building 105 as those found in many national Special events include Pasados at the Main Post. The modest vis- parks across the country. In the del Presidio hosted by the Presi- itor center houses several exhib- Presidio, rangers and volunteers dio Trust, in partnership with the its, mini-theater for a variety lead weekly programs on many Golden Gate National Parks Con- of films, and information desk topics as broad as the ones servancy, National Park Service, staffed with volunteers, interns covered in a Shuttle through and in collaboration with dozens and rangers. Current plans are Time where the ranger will take of other community organiza- being developed with the Pre- visitors through pre-colonization tions. Approximately 500 partici- sidio Trust to move the visitor to Civil War to conversion of pate in this annual event each center to its permanent location post to park. Other programs year. The Presidio Trust also host in Building 210 at the north end help visitors understand specific an array of workshops, lectures, of the Main Post, with an antici- sites, events, or groups of people exhibits, and events such as Con- pated opening in 2015. such as the Buffalo soldiers or temporary Historians, Archae- In Spring of 2012, the Parks Nisei soldiers and their impact ology Month, Preservation in Conservancy, Golden Gate Bridge on American history. Yet others Practice, and Film in the Fog District and National Parks Ser- offer visitors the opportunity to Informal Personal Services vice opened the Golden Gate explore the beauty and wonder Bridge Pavilion, a visitor center of their national park by search- Informal interpretation includes and retail space at the Golden ing for shorebirds, admiring the roving rangers at high-use areas Gate Bridge overlook on the blooming wildlife, or exercising such as Crissy Field where visitors south side of the Bridge. Already on their bicycle. Select programs can interact with rangers and an international destination, the are also given in Spanish. The receive smaller interpretative increased amenities offer visi- Presidio Trust facilitates a num- talks and feel free to ask ques- tors unique memorabilia and for ber of family programs that tions or comment on their park the first time, a visitor informa- include Create With Nature, experience. In addition, visitors tion desk. Many visitors ask for Presidio Story Makers: Exploring may receive interpretive ser- directions to Fort Point National with Ansel Adams, night hikes vices from volunteers, interns, or Historic Landmark, located under and seasonal family birding and rangers at places such as Battery the south pillar of the bridge, habitat restoration programs. Godfrey, Battery Chamberlin, or which also hosts a visitor center Fort Point as rangers on hand In addition, the GGNPC recently and small retail space. greet visitors and provide more started offering fee-based information about the site. guided tours of the Golden Gate 1 33 Public Programs & Personal Services

1 1 Citizen Science in a National Park Citizen science provides students with a sense of how science informs the management of natural resources in the Presidio. Programs include: Presidio Plant Phenology Project Grades: 6–12 The Golden Gate National Recreation Area, in which the Presidio resides, is one of six pilot national parks sites chosen to participate in the California Phenology Project. Phenology is the study of the seasonal biological changes that appear in flora and fauna, such as flowers blooming in spring, leaves changing color in autumn, and birds migrating throughout the year. Students act as citizen scientists while observing and collecting data on the midlife at sites such as Moutain Lake. Bird Sleuthing Grades: 2–12 Did you know that the Presidio is a birding hotspot in the Bay Area? Following a short “binocular bootcamp and birding basics” orientation, students will follow a designated bird monitoring route in the park. After counting observed bird life, groups can record their data using a national internet database called eBird.

Summer Day Camps In addition to camps offered by the Crissy Field Center the Presidio Trust offers a number of week long summer camps for elementary and middle school-aged youth.

Outdoor Waysides & Exhibits former camp internees, includ- The Presidio is participating in ing military enlistees, at the the National Wildlife Federa- Outdoor waysides and kiosks can historic site of the US Army’s first tion’s “Ranger Rick’s Geocache be found all over the Presidio Military Intelligence Service (MIS) Trails,” a family friendly, wildlife- and are designed to facilitate Language school at the Presidio themed, outdoor treasure hunt visitors in obtaining basic way- of San Francisco. This is a special happening in parks nation-wide. finding information and under- “sneak preview” of more exciting Using GPS-enabled devices, standing the history and signifi- exhibits and programs coming adventurers seek and find hid- cance of a specific site. Clusters to the new MIS Historic Learning den boxes on trails at Mountain of waysides can be found in such Center (Bldg. 640). Lake, Dunes & Hospital Cemetery areas as Crissy Field, the Main Vista, and Lobos Dunes Board- Post, El Polin Springs, Moun- Temporary exhibits will continue walk. For those without GPS It’s Electric Grades: 5–8 tain Lake and Lobos Dunes. Site to be housed in the Presidio device, the Presidio Geocache specific signage includes plant Trust’s newest exhibit space Students build a foundation for under¬standing how climate change can affect our environment and Passport, map and clues, can be identification, wildlife awareness, located on the first floor of the resources in our national parks and learn simple and practical ways that they can reduce energy use. downloaded from the geocach- habitat restoration project and Building 103, one of the Mont- ing.com website. seasonal phenomena. gomery Street Barracks. The first Garbology 101 Grades: 4–6 exhibit presented and currently Three information videos have Temporary outdoors exhibits Students learn how Presidio archeologists uncover the past by studying artifacts from Native Ameri- up is Before the Bridge: Sight been produced and include: and art installations also provide cans, Spaniards, Mexicans, and Americans who lived and worked in the Presidio. and Sound of the Golden Gate, a means for information shar- • Butterflies of the Presidio where visitors can view photo- Budding Botanists Grades: 4–6 ing and interpretation of park Oasis: Discovering and graphs, maps, charts, and paint- resources. Examples at the Presi- Measuring Nature in the Students learn the names and functions of plant parts through hands-on investigation in the science ings while hearing the natural, dio have included a collection of Presidio (DVD) lab and in the field. nautical, and military sounds of installations such as Cool Globes • Back from the Brink: The the Bay. Project WISE Grades: 9–12 on Crissy Field to Presidio Habi- Franciscan Manzanita (DVD) tats. Currently, visitors can see Multimedia Programs • Daylighting Thompson Reach Students from Galileo Academy of Science and Technology spend one afternoon a week throughout two of the Presidio Trust’s endur- (DVD) the school year conducting field studies in the Presidio. Several audio tours are avail- ing art installations set in the able in the Presidio. Produced by landscape—Andy Goldsworthy’s Websites K-12 Curriculum-Based Field Trips—Teacher facilitated the Presidio Trust and Antenna Spire and Wood Line inspired by Audio, the Main Post Walking Visitors can find information Crabs & Quackers Grades: K–1 the Presidio’s historic forests. Audio Tour can be experienced about the Presidio at multiple Students explore the waterfront of the Presidio and learn about the diverse plant and animal life Indoor Exhibits via cell phone or MP3 player at websites including: there. 18 special destinations on the The National Park Service’s Buf- • www.nps.gov/presidio Main Post. In addition, a Self- falo Soldier exhibit, formerly • www.presidio.gov Artillery, Bricks & Co. Grades: 4–5 Guided Walk through Time on housed in the Cavalry Building • www.parksconservancy.org Lovers’ Lane can be downloaded Students become crafty time travelers in search of everyday life in a Civil War Era fort. was recently moved to the tem- as a podcast. Visitors experience While all three websites are porary Visitor Center. Visitors can Service Learning a cast of characters including maintained by perspective orga- learn about the bravery of the the missionary, the soldier, the nizations, links do take visitor’s Service at the Presidio Plant Nursery Grades: K–12 soldiers, hardships they endured, military wife, the translator, the to each other’s website when and discrimination they faced Students work side-by-side with NPS, Parks Conservancy, and Presidio Trust staff, growing and caring dreamer, the hawk and the dove, appropriate and greater col- on a regular basis while serv- for native plants that will eventually be used to restore habitat throughout the Golden Gate National the wayward trees, and the laboration will be needed in the ing this country. Also located in Parks. springs of the Tennessee Hol- future to help visitors under- the temporary visitor center is stand the complexity and breath low Watershed on their journey Habitat Heroes Grades: 3–12 an interactive kiosk installed by down the oldest foot trail in the of services offered. the National Japanese Ameri- Presidio. Students participate in taking care of their National Park lands in the Presidio and emerge with a can Historical Society. Secrets deeper sense of place. Working with park staff, they learn about San Francisco’s natural history, inves- Revealed: The Presidio Project tigate resource management issues in the field, and gain a wider understanding of urban ecology as reveals untold stories of Nisei they apply their knowledge and skills to a habitat restoration project. 36 29 Service Learning Day Camps Education Programs Print Media Volunteers-in-Parks Middle school students in the In Things with Wings, Seaside Curriculm-based field trips are An array of printed material exist Program intensive Urban Trailblazers pro- Sleuths, Junior Rangers, and offered to grades K–12. They including newsletters, brochures, Volunteerism in the Presidio gram get their first experience other park-based camps, elemen- include Flyin’High, My Favorite pad maps, trail maps, event offers dynamic, meaningful in job skills while working as a tary school-aged youth com- Marsh, It’s Electric, Garbology postcards and books that allow interaction with the enduring team providing service, learning bine outdoor investigation and 101, and Project Wise and out- visitors to take information with hidden and living histories of the about environment and health, field outings with fun hands-on lined in more detail below. 80% them and read at their leisure. park. Volunteer experiences are and participating in overnight projects. Youth entering grades of children attend public schools Many of these publications are potential the most impacting of trips to Rob Hill, Alcatraz, and 9 through 12 can continue their in San Francisco, Alameda or isolated to Presidio resources, all forms of community engage- Yosemite. At James Lick Middle camp experience by leading and Marin counties and a majority while other are about the whole ment for visitors of all ages. As School, students enrolled in the mentoring children as Counselors school serve a large population Golden Gate National Recreation they become a part of its life, afterschool program are led by in Training. Driven by the belief of students on free or reduced Area and include information park becomes a part of their lives. Crissy Field Instructors. that all youth deserve an enrich- lunch. relevant to the Presidio. The Service to the park cultivates a ing and memorable summer National Park Service, Presidio relationship that grows and deep- experience, the Crissy Field Cen- Trust, and Park Conservancy all ens with time, over a lifetime. ter distributes 40–50% of camper publish print material. Below is a scholarships each year. list of Presidio based media: The Presidio Trust, National Park Service and Parks Conservancy • The Natural Presidio Education Programs manage a robust volunteer and • Presidio Insects and their Plant internship program serving Education programs are those that serve school children at the K-12 level, as well as pre-service and Hosts almost 8,250 individual volun- in-service teachers. They include formal place-based learning programs held in the park and in schools, • Pioneers of Flight teers and groups in the Presi- guided and self-guided programs for school classes visiting the park, and informal school field trips and • The Buffalo Soldiers dio, who contribute more than visits to schools and communities. The following programs are currently offered: • Under Three Flags 100,000 hours yearly. Volunteer • The 1915 World’s Fair opportunities range from giving K-12 Curriculum-Based Field Trips—Park Staff Facilitated • Battery Chamberlin public programs to stewardship • The 1906 Earthquake: The Sensible Habitats Grades: K–1 of natural and cultural resources. Army’s Role Programs include: Students become nature detectives on an intriguing investigation near the Golden Gate to uncover the • Patriotism and Prejudice: rich diversity of human, plant, and animal life. Japanese Americans and • Interpretation/Education: World War II Presidio School Program Flyin’ High Grades: K–1 Interns, Visitor Center The Presidio Trust has produced a Volunteers, Public Program Students learn what makes a good habitat for birds and how human activity can have an impact on number of self-guided booklets Docents, Costumed that habitat. designed to help children explore Interpretation Thingamajigs & Whatchamacalits Grades: 1–2 the natural areas around them. • Crissy Center Outreach: Two Kids on Trail guides are avail- School Program Interns, IYEL Students are introduced to the field of archaeology and are provided with the opportunity to explore able in English, Spanish and Chi- youth program, Event and the Presidio’s past cultures by comparing and contrasting artifacts. nese. The Ecology Trail and Anza Center Volunteers My Favorite Marsh Grades: 2–3 Trail is designed for children 5-10 • Cultural Resources: years old and accompanied by Archeology Lab interns and Students learn about the various roles that wetlands play in our urban environment and why wetlands an adult. A growing family of volunteers, Park Archives are important. quest adventures, sense of place volunteers and interns Petal Pushers Grade: 3 treasure hunts for children and • Weekly Drop In Programs: youth of varying ages, explore a Presidio Park Stewards, Students become knee-high naturalists at the Presidio Plant Nursery as they have an A-Z indigenous variety of sites: Tennessee Hollow Presidio Nursery, Presidio Park plant adventure. Watershed, Lobos Creek Valley Stewards, Presidio Nursery and Fort Scott. Point of Inquiry Grade: 4 As a benefit, dorm style housing Students are transported to Gold Rush era Fort Point to discover and imagine another time and place. is available for a limited number of full-time interns. A Park Acad- Excavate History Grade: 4 emy is offers free on-going workshops and trainings throughout Students focus on the Spanish colonial era and how archaeology is used to learn more about the the year to all volunteers. people who once lived at El Presidio de San Francisco.

28 37 Mission for Interpretation & Education

Partnership & Collaboration and the Parks Conservancy hold To formalize the collaborative regular meetings and planning relationship between the NPS In order to successfully realize sessions to promote healthy and the Presidio Trust, a Let- the mission of interpretation collaboration and discussion of ter of Agreement for Presidio and education at GGNRA in the overall agency roles, resources, Interpretive Framework and Presidio, powerful and effective and recognition. Meetings Visitor Center Planning (2010) partnerships must occur between involve equal representation and and Memorandum of Agreement many organizations, especially are jointly facilitated and man- for Presidio of San Francisco the Presidio Trust which is the aged. These meetings examine Area A/Area B Boundary Adjust- land manager for Area B of the the overall visitor experience, ments and Joint Operations Presidio and the Golden Gate looking at Interpretive Media (2012) was signed. These agree- National Parks Conservancy, the (brochures and bulletins, maps, ments outline building use and principal nonprofit partner and websites, newsletters and inter- ownership and make an effort cooperating association of the pretive signage), Education to define roles and responsi- GGNRA. Collaboration on specific Programs (curriculum-based bilities between the agencies, projects and programs such as and other school programs and clarify purpose and goals, and Trails Forever, Presidio Park Stew- afterschool programs), Public layout financial obligations for ards and Camping at the Presi- Programs and Personal Services collaborative projects. Future dio (CAP) demonstrate that by (Visitor Center, Heritage Centers Agreements may be developed working together and leveraging and related programs), and Vol- to outline implementation and partner strengths and experi- unteer Engagement (interns and operational strategies for the ences, the overall effectiveness, volunteers). Presidio Visitor Center and other reach and impact on visitors will areas of joint collaboration. increase. It is with this intent that A yearly review of themes, proj- these partners move into the ects and programs will occur in Park Youth Collaborative next century as a collaborative order to create a seamless visitor effort in interpreting the Presi- experience and avoid redun- In 2012 the Presidio Trust, the dio. The broad interpretive team dancy or confusion by the public NPS, and the Golden Gate includes interpretive rangers and of the various services offered. National Parks Conservancy established the Park Youth Col- docents as well as natural and Although agencies will work collaborative in an effort to bet- cultural resources staff and other laboratively to plan and imple- ter partner and to better serve park-based employees who inter- ment an interpretation strategy young people at the Presidio. face with the public in different at the Presidio, the group rec- Engaging in a year-long study ways. ognizes the need for various with the consulting group Bridg- To find common ground and degrees of partnership within espan, representatives from all improve coordination, the Presi- individual projects. three agencies met to collectively dio Trust, National Park Service, 38 1 Current Programs & Activities Since its transformation to a national park site, the NPS has provided interpretive programs and activities at the Presidio, complemented more recently by those presented by the Presidio Trust. The following is a list of current interpretive and educational programming that supports the vast array of natural, cultural and recreational opportunities on the Presidio. Many of these programs are led by the National Park Service while others are led by The Presidio Trust or the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the GGNRA’s cooperating association. A majority of programs are developed and led in partnership with one or all of the above agencies as well as a variety of community-based organizations. Outreach & Community Engagement—Crissy Field Center The Golden Gate National Recre- Earth Stroll spring event to Camping at the Presidio (CAP) ation Area continues its strong focus on a “healthy people and Designed for community orga- commitment to reach out to healthy parks” initiative and the nizations and schools that ordi- communities that tradition- newly-launched Mission: Presi- narily lack the resources to bring ally have not visited or valued dio! which celebrates the histori- their group on an overnight out- national parks. The Crissy Field cal and geographical connections door experience, CAP provides Center, a partnership of the between the Presidio of San a meaningful gateway camp- National Park Service, Parks Francisco and Mission Dolores ing experience for children and Conservancy and the Presidio with a walk from the Mission to youth from around the Bay Area. Trust, is a dynamic hub of youth the Presidio. The Goldman Envi- The program provides trans- engagement serving those that ronmental Prize Youth Reception portation, training, gear, and a traditionally have had little provides the opportunity for guided program to roughly 4000 access to their national parks. approximately 150 youth each underserved youth a year at the The Center’s mission is to encour- year to learn about that year’s Rob Hill campground in the Pre- age new generations to become winners and meet them up close sidio. Camping at the Presidio is bold leaders for thriving parks, and personal. also a partnership with Bay Area healthy communities and a more Community Programs Wilderness Training. environmentally just society. The center serves over 25,000 partici- Single-experience programs Youth Leadership pants annually and is the primary include Community Campfire avenue for outreaching and serv- Program (off-site visit) and Crissy Inspiring Young Emerging Lead- ing under-represented commu- Field Past and Present (on-site ers (I-YEL) provides leadership nities. The following is a list of trip). Multi-experience programs experience for 24 high school current program offered by the combine off-site visits with students annually. Students provide service to the park, par- Crissy Field Center. on-site field trips; these include Three models of partnership include: Watershed Through Time, Sea- ticipate in leadership and career Outreach & Special Events side Senses, Cultural Encounters development workshops, and • A. Co-initiated, co-developed, and co-implemented with resources (labor and non-labor) (Ohlone and the Anza Expedi- implement their own project contributed by all partners; credit will be shared by all partners In order to widen reach to com- tion), Growing Your Roots: Juana every year to address an envi- munities that traditionally have • B. Single partner initiated, developed and implemented with peer input, review and support Briones, , and Buffalo Soldiers. In ronmental and social problem in not visited the park, park staff from the other partner; credit will be given to lead partner with acknowledgement of addition, People To Park Stew- their community. In the summer, provide information and host contributions by other partners. ards offers a customized pro- many are placed in individual activities at fairs and festivals gram option—involving multiple internships throughout the • C. Single organization initiated, developed and implemented with notification to other such as Cinco de Mayo, Fiesta on visits/field trips—where students Center and park. The program is organizations. Single organization credit. the Hill, Sanchez Adobe’s Rancho initiate their own neighborhood entirely youth initiated, planned Days, SF Juneteenth, and oth- Model A is recognized as the most desired form of partnership by the organizations and project. This program area serves and run and hosts a robust ers. In addition, the Center hosts we will strive for that model whenever possible. over 7500 individuals annually. alumni program. special events such as annual 26 1 “The Presidio’s location at the Golden Gate has produced an unprecedented concentration of natural, scenic, cultural, and recreational resources—unique ecological systems, inviting parklands, spectacular views and vistas, and distinctive architecture.” —(General Management Plan Amendment, NPS, 1994)

1 1 inventory, evaluate, envision and During the tri-agency Bridgespan The Presidio Comjunity YMCA, decide on a partnership model work, a set of core principles National Japanese American that would most effectively was developed to encourage a Historical Society, San Francisco ensure that all youth from the spirit of collaboration across our Unified School District and Bay San Francisco Bay Area have the organizations and to guide the Area Wilderness Training are opportunity to be exposed to work of the three organizations. examples of some of the most the cultural and natural resources Although the core principles valued partners in the Division of of the Presidio, and that we col- were designed specifically for the interpretation and Education. laboratively invest in youth from Park Youth Collaborative, these underrepresented communities principles can be applied to more so that they are able to partici- general collaboration between pate in park programs. The Park agencies. Youth Collaborative, comprised As the Presidio continues to of staff from all three organiza- evolve in its strategies to better tions and board members of serve and engage visitors and as the Presidio Trust and the Parks competition for resources grows Conservancy, meet regularly to and visitor expectations increase, advance our common goals and the need to develop healthy actions. Leveraging the good and productive partnerships is work of the Presidio Education not only a desire but a necessity. Committee and the Crissy Field Although this area of collabora- Center, both tri-agency projects, tion focuses on the relationship the Park Youth Collaborative will between the Presidio Trust and establish common quality stan- the Parks Conservancy, each part- dards among all youth programs ner is additionally committed to on the Presidio, share training long-term and enduring partner- opportunities, implement shared ships with non-profit and com- measurement systems, create munity-based organizations to linkages between programs provide opportunities for trans- to provide clear pathways for formative visitor experiences at youth, develop comprehensive the Presidio and throughout the transportation strategy, and seek GGNRA. to expand youth programming opportunities in the Presidio and beyond.

1 41 Direction for the Next Decade

In order to meet the mission for interpretation and education and accomplish management goals and visitor experience goals over the next ten years, the GGNRA must cultivate park audiences and stewards of the future, and more effectively serve current park audiences. As stated in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area‘s Long Range Interpretative Plan, the Division of Interpretation and Education will place strong emphasis on the following eight areas and related actions. From these eight areas of emphasis, subsequent biennial Presidio work plans will be created by the park partners (National Park Service, Presidio Trust, and Parks Conservancy) with their community partners. I. Diversify Audiences II. Diversify Worforce & Develop Park programs and experiences will reflect and Pathways to Employment engage audiences of all ages, ethnicities, lan- Diversify park staff within the Division of Interpre- guages, and socio-economic status and reflect that tation and in terms of ages, ethnicities, languages of those living in and around the Bay Area and spoken, abilities and background in order to reflect invest in engaging those that traditionally have not and enhance engagement of surrounding com- visited their national parks. munity residents. Developing pathways to employ- Rationale: Currently, demographics of park visitors ment utilizes the ladders of learning approach do not reflect the people who live in the sur- which provides job trainings and internships at rounding Bay Area communities. The GGNRA is a early ages and continues to offer advanced oppor- national park in an urban setting, founded on the tunities through high school, college, and post- idea that parks can come to the people and that graduate degrees. parks should be equally shared and utilized by local Rationale: A diverse workforce that mirrors the community members. Increasing diverse involve- diversity of its communities and encourages mul- ment enhances park ownership and is essential in tiple viewpoints leads to greater creativity and the longevity, relevancy, stewardship and success vibrancy. In addition, developing a staff that is of the parks. reflective of visitor demographics, speaks multiple Actions languages, and comes from diverse backgrounds will be more capable of meeting the needs and 1. Actively seek out opportunities to connect with interests of multicultural and multigenerational our underserved audiences and work with audiences. Building multiple pathways to park them to identify and reduce barriers to con- employment ensures that the park’s workforce has necting with them in meaningful ways. the skills, knowledge and experience to succeed as 2. Increase outreach and experiences that can be exceptional park employees. enjoyed by a multicultural population by creating multi-lingual websites, phone lines, print Actions materials, and programs. 1. Increase opportunities and provide resources for 3. Encourage and provide opportunities and high school students that participated in inten- forums for community feedback to enhance sive park programs to continue a career path with outreach and park experiences. the national parks after graduation. 2. Strategically design internships and entry level job opportunities that encourage diversity and partner with local colleges and universities to offer academic internships and Pathway positions in the park. 3. Develop staff and supervisors to effectively recruit, train, mentor, and support a more diverse workforce and those involved in a Path- 42 way program. 1 III. Expand Opportunities IV. Improve Park Accessibility What is a national park and what & Deepen Impact on Youth Improve park access for audiences of all physical lessons can we learn from the Deepen impact and expand opportunities for (mobility, hearing and sight-impaired) and learn- Presidio’s transformation from post youth in grades kindergarten through 12th grade ing abilities by including multiple strategies such to engage in their national park through school as verbal, written, visual, and tactile methods into to park? field trips, after school and summer programs, park experiences. online activities, family outings, and individual Rationale: Making every park program meaning- initiatives by offering relevant standards-based fully accessible provides a chance for all people of programming, working strategically with partners, varying abilities to experience the programs and establishing new collaborations with schools and resources of the parks. Whether a person visits the community-based organizations and providing pro- park in person or through online technology, the fessional development for educators, park partners, goal of the park is to provide universal access to the volunteers and staff. widest possible range of programs and activities. Rationale: Ultimately, the fate of Golden Gate Actions National Recreation Area and the entire National Park System is in the hands of the next generation. 1. Examine all elements of the division‘s work However, children are increasingly more isolated through the lens of universal accessibility and from nature, and they are choosing to stay inside apply holistic solutions in implementing the rather than experience the outdoors, giving impe- park‘s Accessibility Plan. tus to the Children and Nature movement. This 2. Work with partner organizations to train staff has serious implications for both public health and in how to create and deliver accessible pro- environmental preservation. Additionally, there is grams. a decreasing emphasis on place-based history in 3. Include the use of emerging technologies to schools, which contributes to a diminishing under- enhance and aid park participation for every- standing by children of their own communities and one of all abilities. relationships to the nation‘s history. It is critical that Golden Gate National Recreation Area works FROM POST TO PARK in an urban environment and can prime examples of how to con- to engage the next generation of park stewards serve as a gateway to the larger nect and make the park a part of The Presidio’s transformation through programs and activities designed specifi- national park system. the community they care about. from military post to a viable, cally for early childhood audiences, families, and vibrant national park site has The Presidio is expanding the Through public outreach and the millennial generation, with an eye to succeed- yielded new models and innova- definition of what a national community participation, many ing generations. tive practices which can provide park can be and the role it can voices and views are influenc- Actions lessons for other communities. play in our communities. With its ing the plans and programs the Though the Presidio has long proximity to a large urban popu- Presidio Trust and NPS are devel- 1. Foster more meaningful experiences by work- been under federal jurisdiction, lation, the Presidio is a refuge oping. Interpretation provides a ing with park partners to develop set of stan- there are many challenges to to people in the city, offering a platform for discussing all of the dards based on youth development principles transforming it from a military wealth of recreational opportu- social and physical changes pres- for any and all park programs. post to a national park. The nities, educational and cultural ent in the process of converting a 2. Continue, create, and evaluate in-depth, conversion of the Presidio’s role programs and great place to military base to civilian purposes. authentic, and relevant K-12 curriculum based as the “defender of the Golden volunteer. Presidio tenants, resi- The Presidio is recognized by learning experiences with an ongoing commit- Gate” to a welcoming and inclu- dents, neighbors, and communi- organizations and agencies for ment to professional development for educa- sive public place is still under- ties that may have never visited successful sustainability and his- tors, park partners, volunteers and staff. way. The Presidio’s infrastructure the Presidio or a national park toric preservation projects. The 3. Identify gaps in services by grade level, com- and facilities—once critical to site is important for its long-term Presidio has hosted visitors from munities, and type of programming and invest our nation’s defense—are being vitality and stewardship. The across the US as well as represen- in expanding opportunities for youth in those called to a new kind of public NPS and Presidio Trust’s efforts tatives from other countries who areas. use that stands for history, envi- to engage these communities in face similar challenges in their ronment, community and service the planning for the future of, own countries for transforming at the Presidio. Like other parts the maintaining and enjoyment military bases to new uses. As of the GGNRA, the Presidio pro- of the Presidio is critical. Current the world becomes increasingly vides opportunities for a mean- site stewardship and youth lead- urbanized, many are looking to ingful national park experience ership programs such as I-YEL are the Presidio to learn by example. 22 43 V. Advance Community Partnerships VI. Examine & Increase Park Relevancy A CHANGING LANDSCAPE In addition to working collaboratively with the In the upcoming years, GGNRA will play an active The Presidio’s cultural landscape Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, The Presi- role in the effort to increase relevancy of national represents an evolution of physi- dio Trust, and the numerous organizations housed parks and work to engage the community in devel- cal development influenced by on the GGNRA, the division of Interpretation and opment of visitor services, interpretation and edu- the site’s geography, local and Education will work with community organizations cation of the park. In addition, park operations will national historical events, chang- that share core values of community, stewardship, be analyzed for inclusion of diverse populations ing social values, and techno- education, and equity and who are interested in and staff and volunteers will receive training on logical advances. The Presidio’s connecting a diverse range of people with their inclusion and equity, working with diverse popula- landscape manifests the com- national parks. tions, and multicultural education. plex interaction of people and place, a dynamic influenced by Rationale: By developing long term and durable Rationale: In an increasingly diverse and changing geography, hydrology, history, partnerships, the GGNRA can accomplish man- America, national parks must examine its place in technology, architecture, land- agement goals and objectives that it might not society in order to remain meaningful and relevant. scape architecture, demography, be able to accomplish alone. Through collabora- With increased pressure on students to balance and changing social values. The tion, the GGNRA will better understand the needs school and work, the introduction of personal gad- human-made changes to the and interests of the communities, better engage gets and social networking sites, and more choices Presidio’s landscape constitute a diverse stakeholders, and better serve as a commu- in how one chooses leisure activities, people and mosaic of many stories, requiring nity space and resource. families must make tough choices about how they some clarification and interpre- spend their time. If national parks cannot show Actions tation to reveal the complete be interpreted in relation to its post brick barracks suggest the people their value, create connections to people’s picture. impact on the landscape and the confidence of an expanding 1. Leverage the resources of the GGNRA and everyday lives, and cultivate advocates and stew- Army’s role during its planning nation in the 1890’s. The world other community organizations to foster ards in the next generations, park visitation will Beginning at least 1500 years and construction. made its imprint on the Presidio widespread investment in stewardship of the continue to decline and the importance of national ago this land provided Ohlone with the 1915 Panama Pacific In response to the often harsh nation’s resources. parks could become an outdated concept to Amer- Indians with ample food and International Exposition. 2. Identify, establish and evaluate new oppor- icans. It is therefore a necessity that GGNRA be a fresh water, as well as a village environment, the US Army’s tunities for dialogue on key issues related to leader in the movement that links key park val- site. Their most intensive form plantings and diverse architec- The evidence of the inexo- the meaning of park resources, and model and ues: health and wellness, civic engagement, youth of ecological management was tural styles resulted in the Presi- rable impacts of technology apply dialogue methodologies in all endeavors development and public education. deliberate burning of the land- dio becoming a highly desirable abounds. The last brick stables of the division. scape that stimulated growth of community in which to live and constructed by the Army tell Actions 3. Adopt the principles of collective impact in order seed producing plants and stem work. Because of this adaptation the tale of muscle giving way to to work with other organizations in a more effi- 1. Reformat themes to be inquiry-based and growth of basketry plants, and of the natural and built envi- motor. Deserted seacoast bat- cient, productive, and collaborative nature. ensure themes are universally relevant and opened land for easier hunting. ronment, the Presidio’s design teries offer mute testimony of connect to modern day Americans. Review evolved differently from other the supremacy of air power over stories and ensure representation of a diversity military bases in the country and cannon. The pioneering Crissy of people and perspectives. Relate and address How does the the buildings and landscapes that Army Airfield is but a short dis- current topics/issues of interest to communities. remain today illustrate this. tance from the headquarters of Presidio’s changing San Francisco’s Nike missile sites, 2. Develop mechanism that includes stakeholders Evolving site plans, building landscape offer two stages in the evolutions of such as youth, staff and partners to continually materials and architectural coastal defense now abandoned examine relevancy both in content, but also insights into the styles reflect local, regional and for more advanced weaponry. delivery of programs and site operations. complex interaction of national influences on the Pre- 3. Work with committees both regionally and people and place? sidio landscape. The boundary Interpretative programming can nationally that have been established to exam- wall, orientation of the Funston give the public the opportunity ine relevancy, engage in initiatives and projects Avenue houses, and Julius Kahn to peel back the Presidio’s many such as Healthy Parks, Healthy People that make The Golden Gate’s geology and Playground attest to impacts of rich layers. It can also address parks meaningful to a broader audience, and geography had a great effect the growth of San Francisco. The the challenges park managers share best practices within and between parks. on the Presidio’s development. use of the Spanish-derived Mis- face today in resource preserva- The location of the post and its sion Revival architectural style tion, building rehabilitation, and fortifications are directly related at Fort Scott denotes an interest ecological restoration in the face to the features of the gateway to in California’s Spanish heritage. of changing needs and uses, par- San Francisco Bay, testifying to Imposing Fort Point reflects the ticularly the shift from an active its role as guardian of the Gate. value the nation places on San army post to a civilian commu- The dominant feature of the post Francisco and its harbor. The nity and national park. is the Golden Gate Bridge, will strength and size of the main 44 21 VII. Interpret & Promote Global Issues VIII. Use New & Emerging Technologies Such As Sustainability & Climate Change Expand the use of technology to advance the To help ourselves and others understand the nega- division’s communications strategies, allowing for tive impacts humans can have on the people, the easier distribution and sharing of information and park and greater environment, the GGNRA will offering the park a way to establish and maintain incorporate global issues and consequences of long-term relationships with the public through unsustainable practices into interpretive, educa- multiple park experiences. tional and stewardship programs in addition to its Rationale: The use of new and emerging technolo- interpretive media. gies such as smartphones, tablet computers, and Rationale: The GGNRA and the public need to social networking applications (Twitter, Facebook, better under¬stand climate change and mitigate Instagram, etc.) is continually expanding to a wider its effects on Golden Gate’s marine and terrestrial field of people and has become an essential and resources. As part of the GGNRA’s goal to become wide-reaching outreach tool that can be used to climate neutral, the role of the Division of Inter- expand our connections to visitors and enhance pretation and Education is to share those successes park experiences. Through social media, visitors and challenges with the public and promote long have the power to share their personal park expe- lasting and sustainable practices. riences with thousands of networked individuals at the touch of a button. Additionally, the use Actions of technology to convey information reduces the 1. Work directly with cultural and natural need for printed material and helps the park reach resources in monitoring climate change and to sustainability goals. obtain accurate and up-to-date information Actions and reports on climate change. 2. Use sustainable and zero-emission practices 1. Develop multimedia strategy to help inventory, wherever possible in our operations, services prioritize, and evaluate communications strate- and programs and inform the public of this gies using new and emerging technologies. park’s (and the NPS) efforts to minimize carbon 2. Incorporate multimedia devices (e.g. smart- emissions and promote green practices. The phones, tablet computers, assisted-learning park should lead by example. devices, etc.) for a range of audiences such as 3. Capitalize on existing volunteer programs such youth, parents, commuters, hearing-impaired as ocean stewardship, collaborate with part- people, and others. ners and stakeholders and incorporate press- 3. Review and evaluate website as primary tool ing global issues into Junior Rangers and other for communicating information to the visitor programs. and its ability to link to new and emerging technology. 1 45 Conclusion

46 1 ISLAND OF REFUGE The Presidio also plays an important role in the international In a world of diminishing biologi- How are the scientific conservation story as it is a dis- cal diversity, the Presidio repre- tinctive segment of the Central values of the Presidio’s sents an island of refuge in an California Coast International urban environment and provides natural systems Biosphere Reserve. Through an opportunity to foster aware- inherently valuable inclusion in the international ness of the importance of species biosphere reserves program (a and how do they diversity and the value of open United Nations designation), impact surrounding space. This refuge for important Presidio ecosystems are tied to remnants of dwindling local and communities? a family of internationally sig- global biotic communities is a nificant examples of the world’s result of complex natural systems natural regions. Its natural and and the Presidio’s protection human systems serve as a labo- afforded by its long-term use as ratory for learning about the a military post. planet’s environmental chal- Varied topography, a Mediter- lenges and solutions. ranean climate, and fresh water The Presidio offers an outdoor resources have produced land- classroom to interpret natural scapes with extraordinary bio- systems, biological diversity, diversity at the Presidio. Many habitat protection and restora- significant natural resources tion. Interpretation and educa- persist at the Presidio and these, tional programs will be critical in and other natural features, will the protection and enhancement become ever more valuable as of these resources. they diminish elsewhere. The post is a critical stop for migrat- Presidio interpretive programs ing neo-tropical birds. The Presi- can increase public awareness of dio is also home to federally and the values of biodiversity, ecosys- state listed rare, threatened, and tem protection, ecological resto- endangered plant and animal ration, and personal stewardship species. The post is notable as of the natural world. Visitors can the site of the earliest discoveries learn lessons about large scale of a number of west coast native restoration projects such as wet- species by the scientific world. lands dunes, the historic forest’s Interpretation will explore the replanting and regeneration, myriad impacts of humans on and environmental remediation these ecosystems, from prehis- techniques. Interpretive pro- tory to present, and draw les- grams can be complemented by sons from the spectrum of values hands-on opportunities. People exhibited by the various cultures should not just learn about natu- that resided here. ral systems, they should also have the opportunity to participate in Since 1816 the Presidio has been protecting them through volun- a place of many important sci- teer involvement. In the tradition entific discoveries and over the of youth like Ansel Adams and centuries has been used to col- Peter Raven who explored the lect and record the native flora Presidio as youth, young people and fauna of San Francisco by in the 21st Century might be suf- many prominent people. Since ficiently inspired by their Presi- becoming a national park, many dio-based experiences to pursue scientists and university research- related professional paths. ers have been impressed by their studies of the enduring flora and fauna in the park today. 18 1 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: GUARDIANS OF THE GATE

Essential Question & Statement: How can the Presidio’s military legacy inform our As one of the oldest continually used military posts in the United States, the Presidio is of rare historical significance. national intentions? IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME WESTWARD EXPANSION from 1898 to 1994. MILITARY CULTURE • How has the military adapted to The Old Army was the first guardians • What role has military medicine The Presidio played a role in • How has the United States Officers, enlisted men and civilians cultural diversity? of California’s national parks. played in new medical discoveries? subduing American Indians, who came and went and reflect an projected its power around the CIVIC AFFAIRS • How did the Army role on the AVIATION were seen to be in conflict with evolving history and culture of world? The civilian population of San Western frontier position it to Crissy Field was the site of many settlers from other parts of the almost 220 years. becomeGate. It effectivebegins with stewards the life of ways gold fever attracted a cultural SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS FranciscoCULTURAL and the soldiers CROSSROADS of the pioneering feats in the early years of country. • What impact did the military’s use the finest remaining natural and Seacoast fortifications at the Presidio Presidio have interacted with one of the native peoples and their aviation.mélange, transforming San Fran- • How did the notion of “Manifest of segregation have on the men The Golden Gate, anchored by scenic landscapes? showcase the importance of San another over the centuries. interaction with, and eventual • cisco How intodid the a regional aviation commercialmilestones Destiny” shape the development and women that served? the Presidio, became a cultural Francisco Bay to the nations that have • What was the role of the army MILITARYdisplacement MEDICINE by, Europeans. centerat Crissy and Field gateway help make to the the mines. of our nation? crossroads and a gateway to occupied it. • What was the role of women and in the Presidio during the 1906 MedicalSpanish facilities and Mexicanat the Presidio cultures Theworld city’s a smaller rapid andgrowth more spurred immigration and settlement REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE minorities in the military and how earthquake and how did it change wereprofoundly on the leading influenced edge of militarythe devel - theinterconnected government place? to establish a • How do we protect our borders of the West Coast. From its The Presidio was involved in every and our ideals? were they recognized? the relationship between military medicalopment research, of San technology Francisco & and formal military reservation at prominent position guarding the major U.S. conflict outside its borders and civilian population? treatment.the Presidio itself, and persist the Presidio and build massive Golden Gate, the Presidio has in the cultural expressions of Fort Point to protect the harbor TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE witnessed and played an inte- present-day California. In addi- entrance. The post itself tem- gral role in the exploration and SPANISH & MEXICAN CIVIL WAR JAPANESE-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE WAGING WAR OVERSEAS CIVICtion, AFFAIRS the Presidio bore witness MILITARYporarily MEDICINE lost record numbers of settlement of the American West, MILITARY & COLONIALISM California, particularly the The 4th Army Intelligence (Japanese From the Spanish-American War Cityto dwellers the valuable came to contributions see soldiers Thesoldiers Presidio to was the on gold the fields.leading the rise of San Francisco, and the El Presidio was the northernmost Presidio, played a role in what is Language) School and the U.S.’s through Desert Storm, the Presidio drillfrom and parade.groups such as the Ohlone edge of military medical research, cultural growth of central Cali- San Francisco has long been extension of the Spanish empire in usually considered an “east of the internment of Japanese-Americans played a role in training and • PPIE,Indians, Lincoln Mexicans, Beechey, African- Abram technology and treatment. California. Spanish and Mexican roots Mississippi” conflict. after the attack on Pearl Harbor administeringfornia. the U.S. Army fighting “Jug” Wood, Charles Young • America’s Maj. Jonathan window Letterman, to the Gen.other are evident in archeological finds, • Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston were concurrent events of ironic machine. PacificGeorge nationsH. Torney, and Army gateway Nurse for Examination of the geography of1906 EARTHQUAKE place names and architecture. counterpoint centered at the Presidio. • Spanish American War, Philippine theirCorps, emigrants. Dora Thompson The meeting of MILITARY CULTURE the Golden Gate and San Fran- After the 1906, the army kept • Gen. John L. DeWitt American War, WWI, WWII, How can examining East and West was celebrated in • Juan Bautista de Anza, Pedro The U.S. Army exemplified changes cisco Bay makes evident the sig- order in San Francisco, helped fight SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS Korean Conflict, Vietnam War the cultural mosaic the 1915 Panama Pacific Interna- Font, Joaquin Moraga later evident in the larger society in BUFFALO SOLDIERS nificance of this geological gate-fires, and provided medical and The Presidio’s seacoast fortifications tional Exposition, partially held hierarchy, tradition, desegregation The Presidio was garrison for black AVIATIONway as a funnel for exploration, humanitarianof people aid. living in exemplify the evolution of military INDIAN WARS on Presidio land and today’s San The U.S. Army carried out campaigns and other class, race, and gender troops of the Buffalo Soldiers in Crissyimmigration, Field played an and important commerce. role in A • Gen. Frederick Funston, Gen. technology from the cannonball era and around what is Francisco features a rich compos- from the Presidio to subdue issues. 1903-04, when they participated the risemilitary of military post and at thiscivilian location aviation. was Adolphus Greely to the age of guided missiles. in the local African American now known as the ite of Pacific Rim cultures. Yet, American Indians in the West. • John J. Pershing, WACs, Army • Maj.of vital Dana importance Crissy, Gen. Henryto the H. expan- • William Endicott, William Taft community and rode out to protect many cultures, especially those • Modoc War, Gen. Edward Canby, Nurse Corps Arnoldsionist designs of the nations’ Presidio shape our Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. perceived as a threat to our Captain Jack controlling the region. Yet the understanding of the • Charles Young economy, national security, and Presidio did not simply “guard nation? our way of life, have not always the gate”. From 1848-1850 Cali- TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME been embraced by American fornia was governed by the US citizens and the government. MAIN POST FORT POINT NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE in 1904 near Baker Beach which LETTERMANArmy. It GENERAL influenced, HOSPITAL and in turn NATIONALAmericans, CEMETERY Chinese-Americans, The U.S. Army stationed at the Heart of the Presidio with examples Civil War era coastal defense fort at holds the last 6-inch “disappearing Built wasduring impacted the Philippine by, the American developing Final and resting Japanese-American place for over 30,000 soldiers Presidio, under the authority of of military architecture spanning the the base of the south tower of the gun” of its type on the West Coast War, regionLetterman and pioneered its diverse many peoples. types veteranswhose and descendants family members, still live in the U.S. government, at times its growth from the Civil War, Indian Golden Gate Bridge. and Battery Godfrey, which housed of militaryBeyond medicine its geography and cared and for prox- includingthe Bay 35 AreaMedal and of Honor whose stories Wars, Spanish American War and 12-inch guns overlooking the Golden soldiers up through the Vietnam War. recipients. Contains graves of over 450 played a destructive role when it FORT WINFIELD SCOTT imity to the strait and Bay, the remain relevant today. Interpre- World Wars I & II. Gate. Buffalo Soldiers and other minorities in came to intercultural exchange. Headquarters of the San Francisco PRESIDIOpresence STABLES of fresh water was vital tation at the Presidio provides an the military. The Modoc War and the South- THE FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB coastal defense system from 1912 to CRISSY AIRFIELD & HANGARS Builtto in sustaining1914, the stables the needs housed of the El opportunity to examine concepts Oldest and most revered building the 1950s. Contains early examples of 1920s airfield that was active during last generation of cavalry horses MIS LANGUAGE SCHOOL – site where west Apache campaigns against Presidio and subsequent human related to colonization, rac- on the Presidio, stands near the Spanish revival style architecture on a the pioneering years of aviation and and are now home for the US Park Nisei soldiers learned Japanese needed American Indians and internment chapter to this day. ism, resistance and struggle and southwest corner of the Plaza de military post. saw many aviation firsts. Police’s mounted patrol. for military intelligence, while their of Japanese-Americans dur- American identity. Armas, the original Spanish presidio COASTAL BATTERIES WWIIInterpretative MEMORIAL programming will families were placed in internment ing World War II represent low of 1776. Club adobe walls were Record the post–Civil War, Endicott Commemoratesexamine the soldiers origins lost and at seaaspects campsThe during U.S. Army’s World War takeover II. of the points in American history. probably constructed 1812-1815. and Taft eras of Coast defenses. off theof thePacific various coast culturesduring recastWorld Presidio preceded the discov- Including Battery Chamberlin—built War byII. passage through the Golden ery of gold in California. The 48 1749 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: GUARDIANS OF THE GATE

TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME MAIN POST FORT POINT NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE in 1904 near Baker Beach which LETTERMAN GENERAL HOSPITAL NATIONAL CEMETERY Heart of the Presidio with examples Civil War era coastal defense fort at holds the last 6-inch “disappearing Built during the Philippine American Final resting place for over 30,000 of military architecture spanning the the base of the south tower of the gun” of its type on the West Coast War, Letterman pioneered many types veterans and family members, its growth from the Civil War, Indian Golden Gate Bridge. and Battery Godfrey, which housed of military medicine and cared for including 35 Medal of Honor Wars, Spanish American War and FORT WINFIELD SCOTT 12-inch guns overlooking the Golden soldiers up through the Vietnam War. recipients. Contains graves of over 450 World Wars I & II. Headquarters of the San Francisco Gate. PRESIDIO STABLES Buffalo Soldiers and other minorities in THE FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB coastal defense system from 1912 to CRISSY AIRFIELD & HANGARS Built in 1914, the stables housed the the military. Oldest and most revered building the 1950s. Contains early examples of 1920s airfield that was active during last generation of cavalry horses MIS LANGUAGE SCHOOL – site where on the Presidio, stands near the Spanish revival style architecture on a the pioneering years of aviation and and are now home for the US Park Nisei soldiers learned Japanese needed southwest corner of the Plaza de military post. saw many aviation firsts. Police’s mounted patrol. for military intelligence, while their Armas, the original Spanish presidio COASTAL BATTERIES WWII MEMORIAL families were placed in internment of 1776. Club adobe walls were Record the post–Civil War, Endicott Commemorates soldiers lost at sea camps during World War II. probably constructed 1812-1815. and Taft eras of Coast defenses. off the Pacific coast during World Including Battery Chamberlin—built War II. 481 49 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix coastal defenses from the 1770’s This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered,to the 1970’s—is significant represented sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind by the remnant coastal defense the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. structures and associated archeo- THEME: CULTURAL CROSSROADS logical features. The dawn of military air power and transcon- Essential Question & Statement: How can examining the cultural mosaic of people living in The Golden Gate, anchored by the Presidio, became a cultural crossroads and a gateway to immigration and settlement of the tinentalWest Coast. flight is still evident at and around the Presidio shape our understanding of the nation? Crissy Field. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME In addition to its national roles, THE PRESIDIO’S FIRST PEOPLE DECIMATION OF NATIVE PEOPLE EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION • Howthe didPresidio military has campaigns an important that IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION & • What dilemmas did many recent Before this land became the Presidio, Ohlone and other Native American • How did competition between theinteractive Presidio took relationship part in influence with OPPORTUNITY immigrants and African Americans it was the homeland of the Yelamu, cultures were forever changed and colonial powers affect the culturalthe local diversity community. in San Francisco Important The Golden Gate has epitomized face in taking advantage of one of 50 or so tribes affiliated with ultimately shattered by Spanish development of California? andstories the nation?include the security of theopportunity, survival and a gateway opportunities offered by Army the Ohlone language group. colonists, and Mexican and U.S. to a better life. that may not have been available EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING Bay Area, the 1906 earthquake • What can we learn from the first actions. • How does the mixing of cultures in the outside world? Foreign wars brought the disaster relief, Presidio-based caretakers of this land that we can • What interactions occurred shape our American identity? opportunity for cultural mixing as recreation, and the “open post” apply to our lives today? between the Native Americans soldiers returned with wives from concept of citizen access. and colonists? overseas, and acquired territories The story of the people of the facilitated immigration. Presidio is equally important. The community has historically con- sisted of many different types TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE of people, from enlisted soldier NATIVE PEOPLE • Juan Batista De Anza, John C. IMMIGRATION,to four star MIGRATION general; each one RACISM & FEAR Ohlone-Yelamu lived a subsistence Fremont, Juana Briones, Mariano & OPPORTUNITYhas contributed to the Presidio’s In a response to fear of other lifestyle at the Presidio for millennia Vallejo, María Concepción Whetherhistory. leaving Cultural Russia differences to seek a and races and cultures the US created before Europeans arrived. They were Argüello and Nikolai Rezanov, fortunesimilarities in trade, of crossing people the who Pacific lived government policy to that openly the first land managers. Chief Marin, Estanislau, Campaign to escapehere willpolitical be examined, turmoil in China including discriminated against a specific group EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION Against, American Indians, or comingdifferent from perspectives the eastern U.S. on inwar of people. Spanish exploration and colonization Modoc War, Southwest Apache searchand of peace.gold, People The study from ofaround commu- • Chinese Exclusion Act Campaigns the world have dreamed of the had a profound influence on nity life on the post under differ-• Executive Order 9066 Golden Gate. the Presidio and San Francisco’s EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING ent nations, including the effects• U.S. Public Health Service development. Early Russian Soldiers returned with wives from • Goldof rank Rush, and Operation regimentation Baby Lift, on exploration also had an influence. Filipino immigration and War in overseas, and acquired territories families, is important for under- the Philippines The interaction between the Native facilitated immigration. standing military society. Equally peoples and European arrivals is still illuminating are the policies and reflected in the cultural expressions of modern California. roles that affected women and minority troops as well as other local inhabitants. TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME CRISSY FIELD MIDDEN SITES FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE ORDONEZ CANNON Evidence of Ohlone habitation prior Represents Spanish and Mexican Icon for American ingenuity and Building 35 (Western Defense to Spanish colonization. influence in the Bay Area. opportunity for immigrants from Command Headquarters during the TENNESSE HOLLOW EL POLIN SPRINGS around the world. Internment of Japanese Americans. & LOBOS CREEK VALLEY First Spanish home sites on the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HOSPITAL Location of General DeWitt’s Office. Natural areas that provided water Presidio reflect family life at that Ran medical facilities at Angel Islands • Building 640 MIS Language and food to ingenious people. time. immigration station, provided health School, Montgomery Street EL PRESIDIO ENTRANCE CASTILLO DE SAN JOAQUIN services to Native Americans. Barracks AT BUILDING 39 (FORT POINT) LOVER’S LANE JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA Mixed Spanish and Yelamu artifacts Site of Spanish seacoast fortification Over 200 years old, it is the Presidio’s NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL indicate interaction between cultures that guarded the Golden Gate. oldest foot trail. Part of the 1200 mile trail, runs here. through the Presidio marking the route of the Anza Expedition.

50 511 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix ThisPresidio matrix represents Interpretive the park’s currentThemes interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. ThroughTHEME: interpretation, CULTURAL CROSSROADS the meanings and relationships of the Presidio’s resourcesEssential Question will be revealed& Statement: and How explored, can examining thereby the increasing cultural mosaic visitor of peopleunderstanding, living in The Golden Gate, anchored by the Presidio, became a cultural crossroads and a gateway to immigration and settlement appreciationand around the and Presidio involvement shape our in understanding stewardship. of Five the nation?themes together tell the rich of the West Coast. storiesIDEAS of& theCONCEPTS Presidio’s INCLUDED natural and IN THEhuman THEME history, its transformation from a militaryTHE PRESIDIO’S post FIRSTto a PEOPLEnational park,DECIMATION and its future OF NATIVE as PEOPLE a model ofEXPLORATION sustainability. & COLONIZATION They • How did military campaigns that IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION & • What dilemmas did many recent areBefore consistent this land became with thepark Presidio, wide interpretiveOhlone and other themes Native American but provide • How more did competitionspecific insight between the Presidio took part in influence OPPORTUNITY immigrants and African Americans toit wasthe the Presidio. homeland These of the Yelamu, five themes cultures are were rooted forever inchanged an understanding and colonial ofpowers the affectPresidio’s the cultural diversity in San Francisco The Golden Gate has epitomized face in taking advantage of one of 50 or so tribes affiliated with ultimately shattered by Spanish development of California? and the nation? opportunity, survival and a gateway opportunities offered by Army significantthe Ohlone language resources group. and are adaptedcolonists, and from Mexican the and July U.S. 1994 General Management to a better life. that may not have been available EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING • What can we learn from the first actions. • How does the mixing of cultures in the outside world? Plan Amendment. These themes have been vetted and overForeign the years wars brought by numerous the caretakers of this land that we can • What interactions occurred shape our American identity? opportunity for cultural mixing as peopleapply includingto our lives today? historians, scientists,between interpretive the Native Americans rangers, and others who soldiers returned with wives from discussed and analyzed them andand then colonists? updated them. The themes are not mutually overseas, and acquired territories exclusive and there is overlap in associated stories under eachfacilitated theme. immigration. Many of the stories are interlinked and complementary—a logical result of telling multiple stories about a place whose people, events, resources and ideas are so interrelated. AsTANGIBLES: time moves TOPICS, on, these STORIES, themes & may PEOPLE evolve to include newly discovered significant sites and stories and fresh perspectives.NATIVE PEOPLE • Juan Batista De Anza, John C. IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION RACISM & FEAR Ohlone-Yelamu lived a subsistence Fremont, Juana Briones, Mariano & OPPORTUNITY In a response to fear of other whylifestyle defending at the thePresidio Golden for millennia Gate War I, Vallejo,World WarMaría II, Concepción Korean War, Whether leaving Russia to seek a races and cultures the US created GUARDIANS OF THE GATE before Europeans arrived. They were Argüello and Nikolai Rezanov, fortune in trade, crossing the Pacific government policy to that openly strait was so important. Interpre- Vietnam War, and Operation As one of the oldest continually the first land managers. Chief Marin, Estanislau, Campaign to escape political turmoil in China discriminated against a specific group tative programming will place Desert Storm. An outgrowth of used military posts in the United Against, American Indians, or coming from the eastern U.S. in of people. theEXPLORATION evolution of & the COLONIZATION Presidio, and America’s wars was the establish- States, the Presidio is of rare Spanish exploration and colonization Modoc War, Southwest Apache search of gold, People from around activities that occurred there, ment of the first army general • Chinese Exclusion Act historical significance. Recogniz- had a profound influence on Campaigns the world have dreamed of the • Executive Order 9066 in historical context to events hospital, which grew into the Golden Gate. ing the strategic importance the Presidio and San Francisco’s EXPANSION & EMPIRE BUILDING affecting the three occupying medical Letterman Army Medical • U.S. Public Health Service of the great harbor named St. development. Early Russian Soldiers returned with wives from • Gold Rush, Operation Baby Lift, nations and how they help shape Center complex, pioneering the Francis, Spanish colonial officials exploration also had an influence. overseas, and acquired territories Filipino immigration and War in our country. Army’s use of women and nurses the Philippines ordered a new presidio, or forti- The interaction between the Native facilitated immigration. and its application of physi- fied garrison, be established on peoples and European arrivals is still reflected in the cultural expressions cal therapy to rehabilitate the the northern California Frontier. of modern California. wounded. In 1776, Juan Batista de Anza led How can the the expedition from Mexico to Interpretive efforts will examine the San Francisco Bay and estab- Presidio’s military the perceived roles of the military lishedTANGIBLES: the northernmost SITE RELATED per- TO THEMElegacy inform our including its role in resolving conflict. Highlighted will be the roles manent frontier of Spain’s New CRISSYnational FIELD MIDDENintentions? SITES FORMER OFFICERS’ CLUB GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE ORDONEZ CANNON World Empire. Since then, Spain, Evidence of Ohlone habitation prior of theRepresents Presidio Spanish and the and military Mexican Icon for American ingenuity and Building 35 (Western Defense Mexico, and the United States to Spanish colonization. as ainfluence consequence in the of Bay America’s Area. opportunity for immigrants from Command Headquarters during the consecutively, the Presidio has TENNESSE HOLLOW conceptEL POLIN of national SPRINGS defense and around the world. Internment of Japanese Americans. embodied an unparalleled record & LOBOS CREEK VALLEY a changingFirst Spanish world home view. sites on the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HOSPITAL Location of General DeWitt’s Office. As an important military post of the exploration and develop- Natural areas that provided water ThePresidio development reflect offamily the lifeU.S. at that Ran medical facilities at Angel Islands • Building 640 MIS Language and,and at food various to ingenious times, command people. time. immigration station, provided health School, Montgomery Street ment of America. As evidenced Army from the 19th century headquarters for the western services to Native Americans. Barracks by Fort Point, and its Spanish EL PRESIDIO ENTRANCE frontierCASTILLO force DE to SAN a world JOAQUIN power states, the Presidio played a predecessor, Castillo de San AT BUILDING 39 is reflected(FORT POINT) in the growth of the LOVER’S LANE JUAN BAUTISTA DE ANZA significantMixed Spanish role andin America’sYelamu artifacts Site of Spanish seacoast fortification Over 200 years old, it is the Presidio’s Joaquin, these nations placed Presidio, resulting in the nation’s NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL westwardindicate interactionexpansion betweenand for- cultures that guarded the Golden Gate. oldest foot trail. a great deal of importance in best “outdoor museum” of mili- Part of the 1200 mile trail, runs eignhere. wars: the Indian campaigns, through the Presidio marking the controlling the entrance to San tary architecture. An important Mexican-American War, Civil War, route of the Anza Expedition. Francisco Bay. The many stories story—evolution of harbor and told at the Presidio can explain Spanish-American War, World 5014 51 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix Recreational Resources This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’sThe perspectives Presidio is anchange exceptional and it recreationalis with this inresource mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regularwithin basis. a major metropolitan area. It offers opportunities for a wide range of active pursuits and THEME: ISLAND OF REFUGE millions of visitors bike, run, walk, sight-see bird Essential Question & Statement: How are the scientific values of the Presidio’s natural systems In a world of diminishing biological diversity, the Presidio representswatch, an island surf, ofsail, refuge fly kites,in an urbanwalk their environment dogs, fish and and inherently valuable and how do they impact surrounding communities? provides an opportunity to foster awareness of the importance oflearn species about diversity the magnificentand the value ofcultural open space.and natural IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME history of the area. Visitors can hike, bike, and tour 24 miles of scenic trails, many of which have PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY & CLIMATE • What role does stewardship play • How has the ecosystemreceived evolved recent upgrades that include accessible Varied topography and a Active tectonics and changing in restoring and maintaining compared to when itpathways, was boardwalks and overlooks. The spectac- Mediterranean climate have climates of the glacial period have diverse ecosystems? systematically identifiedular vistas in the of the Pacific Ocean, Golden Gate, Marin produced a mosaic of landscapes shaped the land and the ways people 1800s? • How do wild areas influence the Headlands, San Francisco Bay, and skyline of San with extraordinary biodiversity on have used it. human psyche? • How has the ecologicalFrancisco diversity are unmatched anywhere else. the Presidio. • How do geology, geography of the coastal grassland changed • Can natural systems be restored in • Is maintaining biodiversity and climate interact to control in the past 200 years?A recently renovated Rob Hill Campground pro- more important than urban biodiversity? the modern urban context? vides thousands of visitors the only opportunity • How many of these species still development? VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH to legitimately camp under the stars in San Fran- RESTORATION & exist today or have become & DISCOVERY cisco. The campground can accommodate up to WATER AS LIFE ECOLOGICAL VALUES endangered/threatened? Without the presence of fresh water, Thousands of volunteers, both youth Scientific exploration and plant four groups of 30 and provides special access to settlement at this strategic site could and adults, from local communities collection in the Presidio, both past • How does this compareunderserved to the rest schools and community organizations not have occurred. and from afar, have helped restore an present. of the world? through the Camping At the Presidio program. In and continue to sustain native addition, the Presidio is home to numerous ball habitat at the Presidio. fields, tennis courts, an 18-hole golf course, the Julius Kahn playground, a gymnasium and historic TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE swimming pool (managed by the Presidio YMCA). PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY WATER AS LIFE Serpentine soils and dune habitats stewards and leadersThe in thePresidio park also serves as a place for solitude, The Presidio harbors over 250 species Water systems in the Presidio have provide difficult growing conditions AmeriCorps, I-YEL, andretreat, LINC and discovery. A growing body of evi- of native plants, fourteen of which supported a succession of human that have led to an unusually large VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC denceRESEARCH supports spending time in nature and the are rare or endangered, and over 200 settlements. number of rare plants. & DISCOVERY outdoors as a way to improve both physical and recorded species of birds. A host of • Hydrology, Groundwater aquifers, • Adaptation, Nutrient supplies, Scientific exploration andmental plant health and well-being. With the advantage mammals, reptiles and amphibians Watersheds, Riparian Systems, Toxic metals, Struggle for life, collection in the Presidio,of bothbeing past located in San Francisco and in the center also make their home in the Presidio. Water rights Adelbert Von Chamisso, Johann an present. • Rare & Endangered Species, Escholtz of the GGNRA, the Presidio has the unique oppor- GEOLOGY & CLIMATE Flyways, Migration, Ecosystems, • Adelbert Chamisso andtunity Johann to partner with the health care community The Presidio bluffs display RESTORATION & Plant Communities Friedrich Eschscholtz,and Hans be seen as a important resource in the battle the region’s best exposure of ECOLOGICAL VALUES Herman Behr, the Californiaagainst chronic disease such as obesity and Type 2 serpentinite, the California state Ongoing stewardship of more than Botanical Club and Katherinediabetes as well as mental illness such as depres- rock. Remnants of sand dunes that 150 acres at habitat restoration sites. Brandegee, Alice Eastwood,sion and and isolation. once covered most of what is now • Discovery of lost species Peter Raven San Francisco are also prominent. Finding of Manzanita, • Natural landscape, Serpentine Stewardship community, Youth soils

52 1353 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: ISLAND OF REFUGE Essential Question & Statement: How are the scientific values of the Presidio’s natural systems In a world of diminishing biological diversity, the Presidio represents an island of refuge in an urban environment and inherently valuable and how do they impact surrounding communities? provides an opportunity to foster awareness of the importance of species diversity and the value of open space. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY & CLIMATE • What role does stewardship play • How has the ecosystem evolved Varied topography and a Active tectonics and changing in restoring and maintaining compared to when it was Mediterranean climate have climates of the glacial period have diverse ecosystems? systematically identified in the produced a mosaic of landscapes shaped the land and the ways people 1800s? • How do wild areas influence the with extraordinary biodiversity on have used it. human psyche? • How has the ecological diversity the Presidio. • How do geology, geography of the coastal grassland changed • Can natural systems be restored in • Is maintaining biodiversity and climate interact to control in the past 200 years? more important than urban biodiversity? the modern urban context? • How many of these species still development? VALUES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RESTORATION & exist today or have become & DISCOVERY WATER AS LIFE ECOLOGICAL VALUES endangered/threatened? Without the presence of fresh water, Thousands of volunteers, both youth Scientific exploration and plant settlement at this strategic site could and adults, from local communities collection in the Presidio, both past • How does this compare to the rest not have occurred. and from afar, have helped restore an present. of the world? and continue to sustain native habitat at the Presidio.

521 53 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix Natural Resources after a native mint that still grows in the Presidio. Members This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered,Geological formations,significant favorable sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind of the Ohlone and Miwok tribes, the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that thisclimate, matrix water will resources, be revisited and and updated on a regular basis. who were among the first to open space have contributed to populate the pre-urban Bay Area, THEME: A CHANGING LANDSCAPE the site’s rich biological diversity. would have eaten native plants Essential Question & Statement: How does the Presidio’s changing landscape offer insights The Presidio’sThe Presidio cultural hosts landscape an unusual represents an evolution of physical development influenced by the site’s geography, every day and regularly utilized local andblend national of geologic historical formations events, changing social values, and technological advances. into the complex interaction of people and place? their medicinal properties. When (ranging from sand dunes to ser- IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME the Gold Rush came to San Fran- pentine soils, derived from the cisco, many pioneers turned to HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE CaliforniaGOLDEN GATE state rock) and water TEMPORARY TALES miner’s lettuce for sustenance. The natural landscape and resources The Presidio’s built environment Geographyresources determined (ranging both from the wetlands Temporary buildings were often Today, native plant communities at the Presidio have supported gives material expression to evolving Presidio’sto creeks site and to Mountainits historic rolesLake, the needed to mobilize troops, provide tucked amongst the cityscape human habitation here for millennia. national policy and military mission. as garrisononly lake and in guardian the GGNRA). of San Over emergency refuge or house special Each of the cultures that have lived Francisco Bay. events.offer visitors a sense of place, a • How does the Presidio’s built a millennia this diverse environ- here has transformed this landscape connection to the past, and a environment give material • Howment did has the resulted geography in moreof the than • Why were so many temporary in ways to meet their own societal glimpse into what their backyard expression to evolving national Presidioa dozen determine distinctive the ecological role of the structures built on the Presidio? needs and values. policy and military mission? Presidio? may have originally looked like. • How have natural systems habitats. Remnants of the Pre- These remnant native plant influenced cultural development sidio’s native plant communi- and visa versa? ties exist throughout the park, communities preserve rare and amidst the designed landscapes endangered plant species and and historic forest. As the adja- provide valuable wildlife habitat. a hot spot for scientific research, TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE cent city lands were developed, There are more than 600 hun- in partnership with institutions, the Presidio provided critical dred species of wildlife, includ- universities, and environmen- HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES refuge for plants and wildlife. ing 200 species of birds that find tal organizations, to increase The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio was developed because Tangible evidence of transitory refuge in the park’s open space. understanding of the Presidio’s evolving land management practices evolving site plans, weaponry, of theThere strategic are 13defense different benefits ecological of buildings on the Presidio include habitats in the Presidio support- More than 85% of the animals urban ecological systems and from the Ohlone burning for a architectural styles and building its location at the Golden Gate, and Philippine American War, World how best to care for them. They subsistence lifestyle to European materials brought about by the needing 300 to protect native Sanplant Francisco species fromWar regularly I and II wooden seen in barracks, the Presidio 1906 are include the serpentine grasslands, livestock grazing, to the U.S. Army technological advances and national Harborthe and California the natural poppy, and theindustrial state earthquakebirds. Because shacks, itand is onebuildings of largest creating windbreaks, controlling sand policy decisions. resourcesflower, that to flowed the tiniest through wildflowers the used naturalized for the 1915 open Panama-Pacific spaces in San where wildflower and native grass species flourish, the largest dunes, and filling marshes, to today’s • Industrial & Technological harbor.like the red maids, whose fully InternationalFrancisco, Exposition. with plentiful sources remnants of dune communities habitat restoration in natural areas. revolution, Coastal Defense • Goldbloomed Rush, Worldflowers War are II, Coldno bigger War • 1906of food Earthquake, and water, PPIE, the Presidio • Planting of Presidio forest, Filling technology than a fingernail. Sixteen of the Quartermaster’sis a haven for many buildings species of that once covered almost half of of wetlands, Introduction non- Presidio’s native plant species are birds seeking either a perma- what is now San Francisco; and native plants and invasive species, rare plants, including five endan- nent home and nesting site, or riparian and wetland communi- Burnham Plan, William Jones gered species. Two of these a safe resting place on a migra- ties including Lobos Creek, the endangered species, the Presidio tory journey. This group includes last year-round free-flowing clarkia (named for the Presidio more than 65 species that live creek in San Francisco and early TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME and William Clark, of Lewis and and nest in the park. “Neotropi- source for the nascent city of San Francisco (Lobos Creek still CRISSY FIELD & MARSH PLANTED FORESTS EARTHQUAKEClark fame) SHACKS and the & CAMP San Fran - FORTcal POINT’S migrants” LOCATION are migratory birds, provides most of the Presidio’s Restored marsh reflect the changing Reflects interface of military needs SITEScisco SEACOAST Lessingia, FORTIFICATIONS are found in only Whyresidents this site selected,of different design regions intent, attitudes towards wetlands and and 1880s urban parks movement. Technologicaltwo spots changes in the world,over time with and the changeacross is locationNorth and and Southmaterials America, water supply). Other important natural resources include Moun- time as well as the many layers of COASTAL BATTERIES theirPresidio evolving being location the in type relation locality, to for stopsubsequent off at thegenerations Presidio of during land uses at the Presidio including the Golden Gate fortifications. tain Lake, Tennessee Hollow, and Records changing military technology or the first place a species was their annual trips from their nest- Native American, World War I and II Crissy Field. These sites offer an from the post–Civil War, Endicott and Architecturalidentified styles by aroundthe scientific Presidio, world.OFFICER’S ing grounds CLUB to the tropics where barracks and 1915 PPIE. extraordinary watershed experi- Taft eras of Coast defenses. the buildingA third plantmaterials wonder used toof reflectthe Pre - Materialsthey spend used and the architectural winter, and MAIN POST these changes (Main Post, Fort Scott) styles applied over time ence in the city: one can follow EAST CANTONMENT sidio, the Franciscan Manzanita, northward again in the spring. Spans the growth of the Presidio springs to creeks to marshes Many army units passed through thought to be extinct in the wild, from small Spanish post to minor Civil The Presidio was the site of the here over the years including the was only recently discovered to to the San Francisco Bay to the War expansion, to explosive Spanish Xerces blue butterfly extinction Buffalo Soldiers. Pacific Ocean. American War growth. exist in 2009. in the 1940s but today butterfly Native plants are also an impor- and other insect diversity has tant part of the cultural history been sustained by the park’s of San Francisco. The city was and Trust’s habitat restoration originally named Yerba Buena efforts. The Presidio has become 54 1155 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix ThisSite matrix Significance represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. TheTHEME: Presidio A CHANGING today is a reflection LANDSCAPE of the interaction of people and their environment,Essential Question as technology& Statement: hasHow advanced does the Presidio’s and social changing values landscape have evolved. offer insights This The Presidio’s cultural landscape represents an evolution of physical development influenced by the site’s geography, landmarkinto the complex site is interactiona window of through people and which place? we can view events that have shaped local and national historical events, changing social values, and technological advances. theIDEAS nation & CONCEPTS and the world. INCLUDED The passages IN THE THEME below are a reflection of the 1994 General Management Plan Amendment and 2002 Presidio Trust Management Plan and HUMAN HABITATION CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES provide a foundation for PresidioThe natural interpretation landscape and and resources education. The Presidio’s built environment Geography determined both the Temporary buildings were often at the Presidio have supported gives material expression to evolving Presidio’s site and its historic roles needed to mobilize troops, provide Cultural Resources designhuman standards habitation and here make for millennia. the seasonal national camps policy on and the military territory mission. as garrison and guardian of San emergency refuge or house special PresidioEach of unique the cultures among that Army have lived now known as the Presidio. The Francisco Bay. events. Native Americans of the Ohlone • How does the Presidio’s built posts.here Thehas transformedhistoric Presidio this landscape for- Presidio possesses archeological tribe lived for at least 10,000 environment give material • How did the geography of the • Why were so many temporary est,in aways dominant to meet feature, their own was societal resourcesexpression with the to evolvingpotential national to Presidio determine the role of the structures built on the Presidio? years on the lands of the Presidio plantedneeds andover values. 100 years ago as an reveal policyinformation and military about mission? past Presidio? before Europeans came to the Army• Howbeautification have natural projectsystems and conditions, uses, and lifeways of Golden Gate and began to for- now coversinfluenced over cultural300 acres development of the its inhabitants, and provide links tify it. Nowhere in the national post, andprimarily visa versa? on ridges, along between indigenous people and park system is there represented boundaries, and at entrances. contemporary tribal groups. a span and variety of history In 1884 San Francisco National comparable to the 220 year As far back as 1902, African- TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES,Cemetery & PEOPLE was established as a continuum of the Presidio’s use American units of the United restingHUMAN place HABITATION for U.S. soldiers. CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES THE GOLDEN GATE TEMPORARY TALES as a military garrison by Spain, States Army, referred to as Buf- In Themilitary Presidio’s medical landscape history, reflects the The Presidio’s landscape reflects The Presidio was developed because Tangible evidence of transitory Mexico, and the United States. falo Soldiers, were stationed Presidioevolving has land been management a trendsetter practices evolving site plans, weaponry, of the strategic defense benefits of buildings on the Presidio include During its history the Presidio at the Presidio. These troops sincefrom 1898 the Ohlonewhen the burning Army’s for first a architectural styles and building its location at the Golden Gate, and Philippine American War, World has protected commerce, trade, were responsible for patrol- generalsubsistence hospital lifestyle (Letterman) to European was materials brought about by the need to protect San Francisco War I and II wooden barracks, 1906 and migration, and has played a livestock grazing, to the U.S. Army lingtechnological California’s nationaladvances andparks national Harbor and the natural and industrial earthquake shacks, and buildings established here. The Presidio’s logistical role in every major U.S. creating windbreaks, controlling sandbefore policy the decisions. establishment of the resources that flowed through the used for the 1915 Panama-Pacific coastal/harbor defense structures military engagement since the dunes, and filling marshes, to today’sNational Park Service. Associa- harbor. International Exposition. display the evolution of harbor • Industrial & Technological Mexican-American War. With habitat restoration in natural areas. tions withrevolution, the Chinese-American Coastal Defense • Gold Rush, World War II, Cold War • 1906 Earthquake, PPIE, and coastal defense technology its context of the Golden Gate, • Planting of Presidio forest, Filling communitytechnology mainly stem from Quartermaster’s buildings from the Civil War to World War it is a powerfully relevant loca- of wetlands, Introduction non- the Presidio’s role as a refugee II. In the 1920s Crissy Field was tion at which to tell sweeping native plants and invasive species,center after the 1906 earthquake. built along San Francisco Bay, the stories such as the colonization Burnham Plan, William Jones In 1915, it served as part of the first Army coastal defense air- of California, the settlement and site for the city’s Panama-Pacific field on the Pacific Coast. exploitation of the American International Exposition–– an Frontier,TANGIBLES: the Gold SITE Rush, RELATED the TOIn addition THEME to its Spanish and event that symbolized the city’s Asian immigration, and the evo- MexicanCRISSY heritage,FIELD & MARSH the Presidio’s rebirthPLANTED after FORESTS the 1906 disas- EARTHQUAKE SHACKS & CAMP FORT POINT’S LOCATION lution of the U.S. involvement in developmentRestored marsh was reflect influenced the changing ter. Reflects Powerful interface connections of military exist needs SITES SEACOAST FORTIFICATIONS Why this site selected, design intent, the Pacific. byattitudes many other towards cultures wetlands that and betweenand 1880s the urbanPresidio parks and movement. the Technological changes over time and change is location and materials playedtime asa rolewell inas the manyevolution layers of of Japanese-AmericanCOASTAL BATTERIES community. their evolving location in relation to for subsequent generations of Designated a national historic land uses at the Presidio including the Golden Gate fortifications. California and the West. Asso- EvenRecords before changing America’s military entry technology into landmark in 1962, the Presidio Native American, World War I and II ciations with individuals and Worldfrom War the II,post–Civil the Army War, trained Endicott and Architectural styles around Presidio, OFFICER’S CLUB contains one of our country’s barracks and 1915 PPIE. groups of people add to the NiseiTaft soldiers eras of as Coast interpreters defenses. at the building materials used to reflect Materials used and architectural finest collections of buildings, MAIN POST these changes (Main Post, Fort Scott) styles applied over time Presidio’s historic significance. theEAST Military CANTONMENT Intelligence Service places, structures, and objects Spans the growth of the Presidio These Important relationships LanguageMany army School units at passed Crissy through Field. related to military history. While from small Spanish post to minor Civil include the City of San Francisco Whenhere Executive over the yearsOrder including 9066 the its architecture represents every War expansion, to explosive Spanish with Native American, African- orderedBuffalo the Soldiers. Army to remove Jap- major construction period of U.S. American War growth. American, and Asian-American anese and Japanese-Americans military history since 1848, the communities. Long before Euro- from the West Coast defensive site planning and design at this peans arrived, the Ohlone people area, the assignment fell to the spectacular site were significant (Yelamu) hunted for shellfish Western Defense Command— departures from traditional Army along the shores and constructed headquartered at the Presidio. 5410 55 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix The Trust assumed administra- Presidio Trust Act SEC.102 (b) Presidio and will continue to tive jurisdiction over Area B in guide the NPS interpretive ser- This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed,• “Theand Secretarypeople’s shallperspectives be change and it is with this in mind July 1998. Pursuant to the Trust vices, visitor orientation and the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updatedresponsible, on a regular in cooperation basis. Act, the NPS manages Area A educational programs through- with the Presidio Trust, for and, in cooperation with the out the Presidio. Although the THEME: FROM POST TO PARK providing public interpretive Trust, provides visitor services Presidio Trust Act gives the Essential Question & Statement: What is a national park and what lessons can we learn The Presidio’s transformation from military post toservices, a viable, visitor vibrant orientation national park site will yield new models and and interpretive and educational Secretary the responsibility for innovative practices which can provide lessons forand other educational communities. programs on from the Presidio’s transformation from post to park? programs throughout the Pre- development and implementa- all lands within the Presidio.” IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME sidio. The Trust and NPS also tion of interpretation, education work cooperatively in areas of and visitor orientation in the SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN • How is the Presidio’s governance FROMPresidio POST TO Trust PARK Act SEC. 103- (b) RECREATION / HEALTH & WELLNESS As the transformation of the Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, and PLANNING & STEWARDSHIP structurejoint concern and approach and interest to for theThe ongoing physical transformation ThePresidio, Presidio the is used NPS by and several the Trustmillion continues, it serves as a model of employees create a new Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, preservationoverall management is being looked of the at Pre- of the• Presidio“The Secretary is also transforming shall retain peopleembrace each theyear idea to rejuvenate that strong body, environmental, cultural and financial community. neighbors, and the wider community acrosssidio, the including country planningfor innovative efforts the waysjurisdiction people use over and thoseenjoy thispor- mindpartnership and spirit. and true collabora- sustainability. • Who are the Presidio community? actively participate in planning, public/privatethat overlap partnerships, between Areas A new nationaltions of parkland. the building identi- • tion How will does be access the only to open effective space • How does the Presidio serve as a maintaining and enjoying the conservation,and B. transformation of • Howfied has theas numberphysical 102 as the Sec- meansand parks of providing serve to improve high quality health Presidio. public lands? retary deems essential for use visitor experiences. The 2002 Pre- model for sustainability? The Presidio Trust Act describes transformation of the Presidio and wellness and offer restoration as a visitor center. The Build- sidio Trust Management Plan ( a • How does the Presidio community • Howthe iscollaborative the closure of relationship military transformed the way people use for the soul? steward the park? anding enjoy shall the be park? named the “Wil- land use plan for Area B of the basesbetween across the the Trust country and a NPS. It liam Penn Mott Visitor Center.” Presidio) states a commitment reflectionassumes aof sharing changes of inationally responsibili- recently? (After passage of the Trust “to collaborating effectively with ties with understood goals and Act, Building 102 was deemed the National Park Service, and to provides direction with regard to insufficient, and Building 210 seeking other partners that can TANGIBLES: TOPICS, STORIES, & PEOPLE interpretation as follows: has been chosen to replace it.) bring the capacity and expertise SUSTAINABILITY BUILDINGS LEASED PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY STEWARDSHIP FROM POST TO PARK RECREATIONneeded to provide a consistently The 1994 GMPA remains unal- Historic preservation endeavors, FOR BUSINESSES & HOMES Tenants that lease buildings for Habitat restoration and site With the rehabilitation and reuse of Peoplehigh come standard from nearof programming and far to tered as the plan for the NPS’s cultural programs and environmental Leasing of buildings provides their office, business or home form stewardship programs could buildings, environmental remediation savorsuitable views ofto thea national Golden Gate, park in an management for Area A of the sustainability projects, such as financial sustainability that maintains a community that offers diverse not happen without an army of cleanup, restoration of native plant walkurban forest area.” trails, stroll, jog or bicycle recycling and green building and improves the park without opportunities, programs and dedicated volunteers and docents. communities and expansion of visitor along the Crissy Field promenade, or construction contribute to a expense to the American taxpayers. activities for Presidio visitors. NPS, Presidio Trust and Parks amenities, the Presidio is being windsurf the bay from Crissy Field. The sustainable future at the Presidio. Conservancy are continuing to open enhanced and improved for public landscape reflects the powerful allure • Sustainability—LEED standards new opportunities for people to enjoyment. of open spaces for urban dwellers. for Crissy Field Center and all new contributeThe Presidio to park Truststewardship. Legislation is based upon the enabling legislation forHEALTH the GGNRA. & WELLNESS Its purpose is rehabilitation projects on historic • Youthstated stewards in Section and 101leaders of P.L.104-333:in A place to rejuvenate, restore and buildings, wind turbines pilot, the park AmeriCorps, I-YEL LINC, recover from trauma. The Congress finds that— solar panels at Crissy Field, car Wide spectrum of volunteers • Swords to Plowshares charging stations, CNG shuttle • (1) the Presidio, located amidst the incomparable scenic splendor of the Golden Gate, is one of Amer- fleet and Presidio’s Native Plant ica’s great natural and historic sites; Nursery / Seedlab • (2) the Presidio was the oldest continuously operating military post in the Nation dating from 1776, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962; TANGIBLES: SITE RELATED TO THEME • (3) preservation of the cultural and historic integrity of the Presidio for public use recognizes its sig- MAIN POST PRESIDIO TENANTS, PRESIDIOnificant NATIVE rolePLANT in theNURSERY history of DRAGONFLYthe United CREEKStates; Center of sustainable rehabilitation NEIGHBORHOODS, & WORK Center for stewardship of natural Creek restoration site. of historic buildings and grounds Where people live and work in resources.• (4) the Presidio, in its entirety,• isHistoric a part ofForest’s the Golden transformation Gate National Recreation Area, in accordance used by commercial tenants. Place rehabilitated homes, and offices. CRISSY withFIELD Public Law 92-589; PRESIDIO LANDSMARK where visitor and community services • Disney Museum, Thoreau Center, Place for all types of recreational • (5) as part of the Golden Gate(Old National Public HealthRecreation Service Area, Hospital) the Presidio’s significant natural, historic, occur and much public programming. George Lucas and Letterman activities scenic, cultural, and recreationalBuilding resources reuse mustsite be managed in a manner which is consistent with Digital Arts Center, YMCA, Bay CRISSY FIELD CENTER sound principles of land use planningLETTERMAN and DIGITAL management, ARTS CENTER and which protects the Presidio from devel- School, Arion Press, Presidio Environmental education and opment and uses which wouldNew destroy construction the scenic for financialbeauty and historic and natural character of the Heritage Program, Various sustainability demonstration site. recreational facilities, etc area and cultural and recreationalsustainability resources; TENNESSEE HOLLOW WATERSHED, EL POLIN• (6) removal and/or replacement of some structures within the Presidio must be considered as a man- Site of remediationagement option activities in theand administration of the Presidio; and watershed restoration • (7) the Presidio will be managed through an innovative public/private partnership that minimizes cost to the United States Treasury and makes efficient use of private sector resources. 56 579 Appendix A: Presidio Site Interpretation Themes Matrix This matrix represents the park’s current interpretation of the Presidio, but as with time and history, are discovered, significant sites revealed, and people’s perspectives change and it is with this in mind the ideas, concepts, and stories associated with each theme are in constant evolution. New stories that this matrix will be revisited and updated on a regular basis. THEME: FROM POST TO PARK Essential Question & Statement: What is a national park and what lessons can we learn The Presidio’s transformation from military post to a viable, vibrant national park site will yield new models and from the Presidio’s transformation from post to park? innovative practices which can provide lessons for other communities. IDEAS & CONCEPTS INCLUDED IN THE THEME SUSTAINABILITY THE NEW PRESIDIO COMMUNITY COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN • How is the Presidio’s governance FROM POST TO PARK RECREATION / HEALTH & WELLNESS As the transformation of the Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, and PLANNING & STEWARDSHIP structure and approach to The ongoing physical transformation The Presidio is used by several million continues, it serves as a model of employees create a new Presidio Presidio tenants, residents, preservation is being looked at of the Presidio is also transforming people each year to rejuvenate body, environmental, cultural and financial community. neighbors, and the wider community across the country for innovative the ways people use and enjoy this mind and spirit. sustainability. • Who are the Presidio community? actively participate in planning, public/private partnerships, new national parkland. • How does access to open space • How does the Presidio serve as a maintaining and enjoying the conservation, transformation of • How has the physical and parks serve to improve health model for sustainability? Presidio. public lands? transformation of the Presidio and wellness and offer restoration • How does the Presidio community • How is the closure of military transformed the way people use for the soul? steward the park? bases across the country a and enjoy the park? reflection of changes inationally recently?

561 57 National Park Service Golden Gate Appendix B: Presidio of San Francisco Map Department of the Interior National Recreation Area

Trail )6781( W Scale explore on foot, by bicycle, or on the Presidigo shuttle bus Battery E 0 1/4 mile S VISTA POINT

A (1937) l BARRACKS Lundeen St. The Main Post and the Golden Gate Promenade are v d e A Langdon ve (1921) (1919) Temporary

o St wheelchair accessible, as are buildings open to the public. S or

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a (1895) Battery (1900) O

d SCHOOL North Point a (1950s)

R (1915) Call 911 or cell 561-5656 (U. S. Park Police) Gorgas Ave L

Battery OFFICE 211 TRANSIT

v l

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o PARK (1941)

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CAMPGROUND r CLUB (1776/1934) Magazine u Point Overlook a TERRACE Filbert El. 384 (1938) P EAST HOUSING R (1909) PERSHING MacArthur S PA CIF IC imond W p HALL s L Battery Loo oop

a y BEACH r Divisadero u T (1904) s McKinnon- at Morton Street h

hi Am Broderick Stotsenberg o Union m S OCEAN n D d imo g (1898) u a v nd P s l s Lyon

t i xl L Baker p Ave B Liggett o o e Sha op n e y MORTON ft r er ad o R Muir Ro R l POP STREET o B n d l ad

l pto e Clarke Street Loop v m L HICKS FIELD Liggett Avenue Green d Co u P Battery o r o W Sibley Road e

a g FIELD Rodrigues s Chamberlin p shi r idio Rd n Quarry s g Lover's Lane

(1904) em A Portola S

e Sanches B P D t e o WOOD lv d r Ecology Trail sh n in LINE Vallejo

g Ave MacArthur B Bay Area Ridgelv Trail d

St il l w i e a ll R TUNNEL MACARTHUR DOUGLAS GEN. r T D Broadway E PAUL k r K r i a EL GOODE A D v P Inspiration Point e r A POLIN FIELD i B v r Overlook

g e uello SPRING

Bl Pe d v r d S Paciﬁc

sh R ing d Dr l SPIRE ive e ﬁ

JULIUS t u PRESIDIO

e a KAHN PRESIDIO

e C Jackson r GOLF PLAYGROUND t Brooks n BAKER BEACH y BOULEVARD so S Roa r b d

e APARTMENTS COURSE 300 Gi t GATE t (1953) a (1895) MARINE HOSPITAL CLUBHOUSE Finley (c. 1896) B Jackson ashington VISTA W y West Paciﬁc Avenue WATER e l Lincoln Blvd

TREATMENT w

FORMER PUBLIC HEALTH . PLANT B t (1932) 1

S SERVICE HOSPITAL ARGUELLO

(1910) Washington

St.

t e

s Baker r BOULEVARD e

Sea Cliff Trail Anza

l e nu Lyon l r

y e

e t Paciﬁc Ave GATE

CHINA Presidio e v t

S es B W

Walnut

BEACH PRESIDIO m H (c. 1896)

n e a

s Laurel

S w Clay

TRUST d t.

e Locust Locust

FACILITIES r a

B W Presidio LOBOS DUNES m

y MOUNTAIN Spruce Terrace Maple W

Lake

2 nd nd 2

3 rd rd 3

4 th th 4

8 th th 8

5 th th 5

6 th th 6

Park th 9

7 th th 7

10 th th 10

11 th th 11

12 th th 12

Funston

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21 st st 21

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Rev. 4/11 th 18

26 th th 26

27 th th 27 29 th 29

30 th 58 591 National Park Service Golden Gate IntroductionAppendix B: Presidio of San Francisco Map Department of the Interior National Recreation Area

A (1937) l BARRACKS Lundeen St. The Main Post and the Golden Gate Promenade are v d e A Langdon ve (1921) (1919) Temporary

o St wheelchair accessible, as are buildings open to the public. S or

ey M e r Batt Av Beach v Presidio Administrative Background t ery e S U W tree I PALACE A t

S a R g VISITOR CENTER

c Battery n Presidio OF

Battery o ? e Bypass O

Emergency n Howe - r 610 t West PET Parkway Battery T FINE o MILITARY

t Wagner A

(1873) s

W CEMETERY Sherwood INTELLIGENCE

l ARTS The Presidio of San Francisco, is a maintenance of needed recre- wholly-owned federal corpora- R

POST

a (1895) Battery (1900) O

d SCHOOL North Point a (1950s)

R (1915) Call 911 or cell 561-5656 (U. S. Park Police) Gorgas Ave L

Battery OFFICE 211 TRANSIT

v l

Dynamite l P k

o PARK (1941)

COASTAL w Blaney (1900) X CENTER B

Birmingham

unique 1491-acre portion of the ational open space…”. The leg- tion, to manage the Presidio’s E

a (1895) u l

ARCHIVES Scott

m e k 101

uc s n R (1900) FIRE

A 210 n l e R v & RECORDS Thornberg Rd

Paciﬁc l e

i Visitor Information v o A STATION STABLES CENTER

a d

A p Overlook e

Golden Gate National Recreation islation included a unique provi-r interior lands (Area B) while the Lincoln Blvd (1917) Edie Rd FORT p R 105 v

(1914) 667 Bay T nco

l d e Lincoln Blvd 1152 Bay MARSHALL’S A

d R e niz a g a M lart n e Cp l 2681() u ade r

Overlook l t n e S

B I v Lo

m d b d

here—as the Presidio is not rec- sure Act, the Army announced theROB majority HILL of the Presidio and OFFICERS' ar r Immigrant

Central OFFICERS' 42 Barnard e k g

a y BEACH r Divisadero u T (1904) s McKinnon- at Morton Street h

hi Am Broderick Stotsenberg o Union m S here is often notOCEA so obviousN but n 2013. The Trust was authorized by D d imo g (1898) u a v nd P s l s Lyon

t i xl L Baker On September 30, 1994, the Liggett o p Ave B o e Sha op n e y MORTON ft r er it is nonetheless significant. In Congress to generatead and retain o R Muir Ro R l POP STREET o B n d l ad

U.S. Army ended its mission at l pto e Clarke Street Loop v m L HICKS FIELD Liggett Avenue Green d Co u P Battery o r o W Sibley Road e

a g FIELD Rodrigues s 1962, the Presidio was protected Chamberlin revenue and borrow money, up p shi r idio Rd n Quarry s g Lover's Lane

the Presidio(1904) and transferred the em A Portola S

e Sanches B P D t e o WOOD lv d as a National Historic Landmark rs to a limited amount, to finance Ecology Trail h n in LINE post to the National Park Service. Vallejo

g Ave MacArthur B District under the National His- the Presidio’s capital and opera- Bay Area Ridgelv Trail d

The NPS adopted the GeneralSt il l w i e a

In 1972, the GGNRA was autho- for the entire Presidio which set g e uello SPRING

Bl Pe taxpayers.d The Presidio Trust Act v r d S Paciﬁc

sh R rized by Congress (P.L. 92-589). forth concepts for managinging the d Dr l SPIRE ive (P.L.90-544)e directs the Presidio ﬁ

The establishment of the Presidio’s resources. The GMPA JULIUS t u PRESIDIO

e a KAHN PRESIDIO

e Trust toC manage the property Jackson r GOLF PLAYGROUND t Brooks n BAKER BEACH y BOULEVARD GGNRA was in part the result recognizedso the Sneed for a new Roa r b d

FORMER PUBLIC HEALTH . PLANT B Act establishing the GGNRA, and t (1932) 1

S SERVICE HOSPITAL ARGUELLO

accessible to urban populations and(191 0)maintenance and to work Washington

St.

t e

s Baker r BOULEVARD (2) the “general objectives”e of the

Sea Cliff Trail Anza

l e nu Lyon l r

y e

and bring “parks to the people.” cooperatively with the NPS. e t Paciﬁc Ave GATE

CHINA Presidio e v t

S es B W

Walnut

BEACH PRESIDIO m H (c. 1896)

GMPA. n e a

s Laurel

S w Clay

TRUST d t.

The national recreation area was e Locust Locust

FACILITIES r a

B W Presidio In 1996, in recognition of theLOBOS DUNES m

y MOUNTAIN Spruce Terrace Maple to “preserve for public use and W

ated the Presidio Trust (Trust), a Lake

2 nd nd 2

3 rd rd 3

4 th th 4

8 th th 8

5 th th 5

6 th th 6 Park th 9

values, and…to provide for the th 7

10 th th 10

11 th th 11

12 th th 12

Funston

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15 th th 15

21 st st 21

16 th th 16

20 th th 20 23 rd rd 23

25 th th 25

24 th th 24 19 th th 19 17 th th 17 22 nd nd 22

Rev. 4/11 th 18

26 th th 26

27 th th 27 29 th 29

30 th 586 59 Appendix C: List of Contributing Documents & Contributors TableAppendix of Contents D: Authors

60 Printed on recycled paper. 615 Appendix C: List of Contributing Documents & Contributors Appendix D: Authors

601 61 Appendix D: Authors

Photo Courtesy • Kirke Wrench • Alison Taggart-Barone • Frank Schmidt • Tung Chee • Ingrid Bellack • George “Doc” Miles • Mel Mashman • Dan Ng

62 1 Appendix D: Authors

Photo Courtesy • Kirke Wrench • Alison Taggart-Barone • Frank Schmidt • Tung Chee • Ingrid Bellack • George “Doc” Miles • Mel Mashman • Dan Ng

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