Post 1992 Museum of London Code Expansions LAARC 2007

Introduction

This document presents a glass glossary extant for the period succeeding 2004 and subsequently superseded by the current edition of the schema.

GLASS GLOSSARY

Number Term Subgroup Definition 1101 glass types of glass An inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. 1102 soda-lime types of glass Glass in which the main constituents glass, lime-soda are silica, soda and lime. glass 1103 borosilicate types of glass Silicate glass containing boron as a glass characteristic constituent. Borosilicate are generally heat-resisting. 1104 types of glass A glass in which boron partly or completely replaces silicon. 1105 phosphate types of glass A glass in which the essential glass glass-former is phosphorus pentoxide. 1106 lead glass, lead types of glass Glass containing a substantial crystal proportion of lead. 1107 crystal glass types of glass A colourless, highly transparent glass of high refractive index, frequently used for tableware. 1108 vitreous silica, types of glass A vitreous material consisting almost fused silica, quartz entirely of silica, made in translucent glass, silica glass and transparent forms. The former has minute gas bubbles disseminated in it. 1109 vitrite types of glass Black glass made for use in the caps of electric lamps. 1110 water glass types of glass A water-soluble sodium silicate. 1111 flint, white flint types of glass In general, a colourless glass other than flat glass. 1112 translucent types of glass Glass which transmits light diffusely. glass Through-vision may vary from almost clear to almost obscured. Diffusiveness is produced by suitable treatment of the surface of clear glass, either by imprinting a pattern or texture, or by sandblasting, acid embossing or other means. 1113 neutral tinted types of glass A dark grey glass. glass 1114 alabaster glass types of glass Translucent glass resembling the mineral alabaster 1115 milk glass types of glass Opaque white glass. 1116 moonstone types of glass Translucent glass resembling the mineral moonstone. 1117 glass types of glass Glass which is white or coloured and varies from translucent to completely opaque 1118 aventurine types of glass Glass made so that it contains specks of bright reflecting metallic or other crystalline material. 1119 ambetti, ambitty types of glass Glass made so that it contains minute opaque specks. 1120 types of glass 1. Glass coloured by fusing pigments to the surface. 2. Windows made of pieces of stained glass (1) or of coloured translucent or clear sheet. 1121 actinic green types of glass Emerald green glass, normally used for poison bottles. 1122 pale glass types of glass Pale green glass. 1123 amber glass types of glass Glass varying in colour between light yellowish brown and deep reddish brown. 1124 ruby glass types of glass Glass coloured red by colloidal suspensions of elemental gold, copper or selenium. 1125 optical glass types of glass High quality glass of closely specified optical properties used in the manufacture of optical systems. 1126 optical crown types of glass Glass of low dispersion made for optical purposes. Particular optical crowns are prefixed by the following terms: fluor, borosilicate, soft, hard, light barium, zinc, medium barium, dense barium, special barium. The refractive index increases generally in the order given. 1127 optical flint, types of glass Glass of high dispersion made for flint optical purposes. Particular optical flints are prefixed by the following terms: telescope, extra light, light, barium light, dense, borate, barium, extra dense, special barium, double extra dense. The refractive index increases generally in the order given. 1128 light types of glass Having a lower refractive index, as applied to optical glass. 1129 dense types of glass Having a higher refractive index, as applied to optical glass. 1130 crookes glass types of glass A range of spectacle glasses having low transmission for ultra-violet light, and containing cerium and other rare earths. 1131 wood's glass types of glass A glass with very low visible and high ultra-violet transmission. 1132 welding glass types of glass Coloured glass to protect a welder's eyes from glare and injurious radiation. 1133 x-ray types of glass Glass which contains a high percentage protective of lead and sometimes also barium and glass, x-ray which has a high degree of opacity to shielding glass X-rays. The opacity is usually expressed in terms of the thickness of metallic lead which would give equal absorption of X-rays of stated wavelength 1134 photosensitive types of glass A glass made with constituents which glass cause it to change colour on exposure to light and, in some cases, subsequent heating. 1135 stabilized types of glass 1. Glass heat-treated in such a way that glass it is in an equili brium state corresponding to some particular temperature. 2. Glass articles (e.g. thermometers) beat-treated so that they suffer no permanent change of dimensions or properties over a particular range of temperature. 3. (Non-browning glass, radiation stabilized glass.) Glass resistant to darkening by high energy, short-wave radiation. 1136 scaling glass types of glass A glass designed to seal to a particular metal or alloy. 1137 heat-absorbing types of glass Glass which absorbs infra-red radiation glass to a marked extent. 1138 heat-resisting types of glass A glass able to withstand high thermal glass shock, generally because of a low coefficient of thermal expansion. 1139 flameproof types of glass Glass which does not crack easily when glass exposed to heat or flames. 1140 neutral glass types of glass A glass of high chemical durability. 1141 short glass types of glass A fast-setting glass. 1142 long glass types of glass A slow-setting glass. 1143 soft glass types of glass Glass with a relatively low softening point. 1144 hard glass types of glass A glass of relatively high softening point. 1145 sweet glass types of glass Easily workable glass. 1146 e. glass types of glass A glass containing not more than 1 per cent of alkali(calculated as Na 20) and used for the manufacture of glass fibres. 1147 a. glass types of glass A glass containing between 10 and 15 per cent of alkali(calculated as Na 20) and used for the manufacture of glass fibres. 1148 spectacle types of glass White of refractive index crown 1.523 used for ophthalmic purposes. 1149 spectacle flint, types of glass A glass of high refractive index which spectacle fusing flint is fused to spectacle crown in the manufacture of bifocal spectacle lenses. 1201 chemical properties of The resistance of glass to chemical durability glass and attack. physical testing 1202 solarization properties of Changes of the light transmission glass and properties of glass as a result of physical testing exposure to sunlight or other radiation in or near the visible spectrum. 1203 liquidus properties of The maximum temperature at which temperature glass and equilibrium exists between the molten physical testing glass and its primary crystalline phase. 1204 working range properties of The range of temperature in which glass and glass is formed into ware in a specific physical testing process. At the upper end of the working range the glass is ready for working (generally at a viscosity Of 103 to 104 poises) and at the lower end, it is sufficiently viscous to hold its formed shape (generally at a viscosity greater than 106 poises). For comparative purposes, but not necessarily in relation to any specific process, the working range of glass is assumed to correspond to a viscosity range from 104 to 107 . 6 poises. 1205 setting rate properties of A comparative term referring to the glass and time required for the glass surface to physical testing cool through the working range. A short time implies a fast setting rate and a long time implies a slow setting rate. See short glass, long glass. 1206 transformation properties of In the measurement of the thermal points glass and expansion coefficient of a glass there physical testing may be two temperatures, the Mg point and the Tg point, at which the slope of the graph of expansion against temperature changes fairly sharply. 1207 softening point properties of The temperature above which a glass is glass and soft enough to be worked. Since any physical testing glass softens over a range of temperature, the term lacks precision and is unsatisfactory. A more exact term is the 7.6 temperature, at which the viscosity of a glass is 107. 6 poises. 1208 annealing properties of The range of temperature within which range glass and glass may be annealed. At the upper physical testing temperatures internal stresses disappear rapidly without deformation of the glass. At the lower temperatures internal stresses are released slowly. Below the annealing range, rapid temperature changes do not introduce permanent stresses in the glass. The temperature at which a glass has a viscosity of 1013 poises (the 13.0 temperature) is sometimes referred to as the annealing temperature or the upper annealing temperature. 1209 stress properties of Any condition of tension or glass and compression existing within glass, physical testing particularly due to incomplete annealing, temperature gradient, or inhomogencity. 1210 strain properties of Elastic deformation due to stress. glass and physical testing 1211 strain disc properties of A glass disc of calibrated birefringence glass and used as a comparative measure of the physical testing degree of annealing of glass. 1212 temper, annealin properties of The amount of residual stress in glass and annealed ware measured by physical testing comparison with strain dim. 1213 ring ~on properties of Transverse section cut from a glass glass and container for optical examination. physical testing 1214 bulk test properties of A test in which the capacity of glass glass and containers is determined not with physical testing reference to a single container but on the average of a representative sample batch. 1215 bursting properties of The internal pressure at which a glass pressure glass and container breaks. physical testing 1216 substance properties of The thickness of flat glass; in the case glass and of sheet glass, usually expressed in physical testing oz/ft2. 1217 rib marks, properties of Arc-shaped ridges on a fractured glass hackle marks glass and surface, perpendicular to the physical testing direction of fracture travel 1218 particle count properties of The number of glass particles or dice glass and in a specified area of physical testing fractured toughened glass. 2001 batch, charge raw materials A mixture of materials, prepared for and related delivery to the furnace. terms 2002 charge raw materials 1. See batch; 2. The quantity of batch and related required to fill a pot. terms 2003 fill, filling raw materials A charge of batch to a pot or furnace. and related terms 2004 mix raw materials Mixed batch, specifically one mixer and related load. terms 2005 batch charger, raw materials A mechanical device for introducing batch feeder and related batch into the furnace. terms 2006 blanket feed raw materials A method of feeding a wide, relatively and related shallow layer of batch into a terms glass tank furnace. 2007 batch mixer, raw materials The machine in which batch is mixed. blender and related terms 2008 batch house, raw materials The place where materials are weighed mixing room and related and mixed. terms 2009 cullet raw materials Broken glass which may be added to and related the batch for remelting. Factory collet terms is obtained from within the works, Foreign cullet from an outside source. 2010 quenched raw materials Cullet made by running molten glass cullet, and related into water. dragaded terms cullet, dragladled cullet 2011 cullet washer raw materials A machine for washing cullet. and related terms 2012 flux raw materials A batch constituent used to promote and related fusion. terms 2013 frit raw materials Calcined or partly fused materials from and related which glass is made terms 2014 oxidizing raw materials A mineral or chemical compound agent and related which raises the state of oxidation terms of other glass components during melting, thus helping in refining or controlling the colour of the glass. 2015 decolorizer raw materials A substance or mixture of substances and related added to the batch which counteracts terms the colouring effect of impurities. Its action is either physical (by imparting the colour complementary to that of the impurity) or chemical (e.g. by oxidation). 2016 colouring raw materials Batch constituent used to give colour to agent and related the glass produced. terms 2017 opacifier raw materials A mineral or chemical compound used and related in the batch to produce opal glass. terms 2018 cobalt raw materials An industrial term for cobalt oxide. and related terms 2019 antimony raw materials An industrial term for antimony and related trioxide. terms 3101 tank furnace types of A furnace in which the glass is melted melting and in a bath constructed from refractory auxiliary blocks. furnaces 3102 continuous types of A glass furnace which is fed with batch tank furnace melting and at one end, whilst the molten glass is auxiliary continuously withdrawn at the other. It furnaces usually consists of more than one compartment. 3103 day tank types of A periodic, usually one-chamber glass melting and furnace, in which glass is melted and auxiliary worked out by hand. In general the furnaces former is done at night and the latter during the day. 3104 cross-fired types of A tank furnace with pairs of ports furnace melting and along its melting end, so that flames auxiliary travel across the furnace at right furnaces angles to the direction of glass flow. 3105 fm-fired types of A furnace with ports situated in the end furnace melting and wall of the melting end, in which the auxiliary flames travel in the direction of glass furnaces flow. 3106 cell furnace types of A furnace consisting of a melting end melting and and auxiliary chambers in which glass auxiliary is heated electrically. furnaces 3107 pot furnace types of A furnace for melting glass in pots. melting and auxiliary furnaces 3108 revolving pot types of A rotating, shallow refractory pot from melting and which glass is gathered by suction. auxiliary furnaces 3109 arch types of An arched structure for heating melting and refractories. auxiliary furnaces 3110 pot arch types of A furnace for heating pots before they melting and are placed in a pot furnace. auxiliary furnaces 3111 glory hole types of A small gas or oil-fired furnace used to melting and re-heat the ware in hand working. auxiliary furnaces 3112 soaking pit types of A conditioning furnace used to bring melting and glass in open pots to a uniform auxiliary temperature for castings. furnaces 3113 bushing types of A small electric melting unit, usually melting and made of platinum and auxiliary with furnaces numerous holes in the base, used for the manufacture of glass fibres. 3201 melting end parts of The chamber of a tank furnace in furnaces and which glass is melted and refined. tools used during melting 3202 melting end parts of The total area of the glass surface in the area furnaces and melting end of the furnace tools when the glass furnace is new, used during excluding the dog-house. melting 3203 working end parts of The compartment of a tank furnace furnaces and from which the glass is delivered tools or gathered for forming. used during melting 3204 refining zone parts of The part of a tank furnace in which furnaces and refining takes place. tools used during melting 3205 soaking area, parts of The area between the gable wall and fritting zone furnaces and the first pair of ports in tools a cross-fired tank furnace used during melting 3206 conditioning parts of 1. Part of the feeder, away from the zone furnaces and furnace wall, where the glass is brought tools used to a required working temperature. 2. during melting Part of a flat glass furnace where the glass is brought to a required temperature before passing to the fore hearth (1) or drawing chamber. 3207 superstructure parts of All the parts of a tank furnace above furnaces and the sideblocks. tools used during melting 3208 crown, main archparts of The part of a furnace forming the roof. furnaces and tools used during melting 3209 birdcage parts of In the flat glass industry, the domed furnaces and end of a tank. tools used during melting 3210 skewbacks, parts of Specially shaped blocks supporting a springers furnaces and furnace crown or other arch. tools used during melting 3211 breast wall, parts of Section of sidewatI between tuckstones casino wall, furnaces and or tank blocks and crown. casenent wall, tools jamb wall used during melting 3212 gable wall parts of A square wall above the tank blocks at furnaces and the end of a tank furnace, usually at the tools charging end. used during melting 3213 baffle wall parts of A wall of a kiln for deflecting the furnaces and flames. tools used during melting 3214 shadow wall, parts of A wall, with or without openings curtain wall, furnaces and through it, erected on the baffle wall tools bridge used during cover to screen the working end from melting excessive heat radiation. It may also be a suspended wall above the bridge. 3215 mantle block parts of 1. Refractory block fitting in the gable furnaces and wall, over the dog-house. 2. The upper tools course of blocks enclosing the used during Fourcault drawing pit melting 3216 tuckstones parts of Blocks placed on top of the side blocks furnaces and under the breast walls. tools used during melting 3217 burner block, parts of Refractory block with one or more quarl block furnaces and orifices through which oil or gas tools bumers fire. used during melting 3218 port, burner parts of A structure leading to and forming an furnaces and opening in a furnace wall tools for introducing fuel and combustion air used during or for combustion gases to melting leave the furnace. 3219 sill, paving parts of The floor of a port. furnaces and tools used during melting 3220 neck parts of The section of a port between the gas furnaces and uptake and the furnace wall. tools used during melting 3221 tongue, parts of 1. A dividing wall between the air and midfeather furnaces and gas uptakes in tank furnace ports. 2. A tools dividing wall at the base of a chimney used during stack. melting 3222 cheek, jamb parts of Blocks forming the sidewall of a port furnaces and mouth. tools used during melting 3223 drum parts of The mouth of a port. furnaces and tools used during melting 3224 block, refractory parts of Any large piece of refractory of regular furnaces and shape. tools used during melting 3225 tank block parts of A refractory block used in the furnaces and construction of a tank furnace bath. tools used during melting 3226 font parts of The casting cavity in fusion-cast furnaces and (electro-cast) blocks. tools used during melting 3227 siege blocks, parts of Refractory blocks forming the bottom bottom blocks furnaces and of a tank furnace. tools used during melting 3228 side blocks parts of Refractory blocks forming the sides of furnaces and a tank furnace, in contact with glass. tools used during melting 3229 fluxline blocks parts of The top course of refractory blocks, furnaces and forming the sidewall of a tank. tools used during melting 3230 soldier blocks parts of Refractory blocks which extend more furnaces and than the full depth of tools the glass in a furnace. used during melting 3231 comer block parts of Specially shaped block used in the furnaces and dog-house corners. tools used during melting 3232 dog-house parts of A small extension of a glass furnace, furnaces and into which the batch is fed. tools used during melting 3233 throat, parts of The submerged channel through which dog-hole furnaces and glass passes from the melting end to tools the working end of a tank furnace. used during melting 3234 straight throat parts of A throat at the same level as the siege furnaces and of the melting end. tools used during melting 3235 dropped parts of A throat, the bottom of which is below throat, sunken furnaces and the level of the melting end siege. throat tools used during melting 3236 throat cheeks, parts of The side blocks of the throat passage. dice blocks furnaces and tools used during melting 3237 throat cover parts of Blocks forming the top of the throat furnaces and passage. tools used during melting 3238 bridge parts of The structure formed by the endwalls furnaces and of adjacent com tools partments of a used during tank furnace and the covers spanning melting the gap between the walls. 3239 bridge cover parts of Refractory tiles spanning the space furnaces and between the bridgewalls. tools used during melting 3240 bridgewall parts of Furnace wall(s) separating the melting furnaces and and working ends of a lank furnace. tools used during melting 3241 siege parts of The floor of a tank furnace or pot furnaces and furnace. tools used during melting 3242 bench parts of The floor of a pot furnace. furnaces and tools used during melting 3243 checker bricks, parts of Refractory pieces used for packing a checker tiles, furnaces and regenerator. stuffing, tools regenerator used during packing melting 3244 arch parts of 1. The crown of a pot furnace. 2. An furnaces and opening through which a pot is placed tools into a furnace. 3. The roof of a port at used during its mouth. melting 3245 bearer arch, parts of One of several arches supporting the saddle arch, furnaces and checker packing in a regenerator. rider arch tools used during melting 3246 flat arch parts of In general, a sprung arch with flat top furnaces and and bottom. tools used during melting 3247 flying arch parts of A double-waned bridge, entirely furnaces and independent of the other tank structure, tools built across modern continuous tanks to used during separate the melting and refining end melting from the working end. 3248 jack arch parts of An arch in a revolving pot housing at furnaces and the exposed part of the pot. tools used during melting 3249 canal parts of The part of a glass flat tank furnace furnaces and leading from the refining tools zone to the forming machine. used during melting 3250 alcove parts of A narrow, covered channel, forming an furnaces and extension of the tools worki used during ng end, melting to convey the glass to a forchearth or to a revolving pot. 3251 forehearth parts of 1. (Feeder channel) A refractory furnaces and channel forming an tools extens used during ion of melting the furnace working end from which glass is taken for forming. 2. An extension of the furnace working end from which glass is usually taken for forming. 3252 syphon parts of A refractory block used in the furnaces and construction of a tank tools furnac used during e bath. melting 3253 debiteuse parts of A refractory block with a slot, furnaces and depressed below the surface of glass tools and used for the upward drawing of used during sheet glass in the . melting 3254 floater parts of 1. A floating refractory shape which furnaces and holds back scum and impurities tools floating in the glass surface or controls used during their movement in a pot or tank melting furnace. 2. See ring. 3255 ring, pot ring, parts of A floating refractory ring which keeps floater furnaces and away surface scum and impurities from tools the area in a pot furnace in which glass used during is gathered. melting 3256 skimmer block parts of A refractory shape which holds back furnaces and surface impurities. tools used during melting 3257 pot parts of A round or oval refractory container in furnaces and which glass is melted. tools used during melting 3258 open pot parts of A pot open so that the glass is exposed furnaces and to direct heating and tools chemical used during influences of the flame. melting 3259 closed pot, parts of A pot made with a roof to protect the covered pot, furnaces and contents from flames and hooded pot tools combustion gases in the furnace and used during with a mouth for melting charging raw materials and gathering molten glass. 3260 pot opening parts of The opening between the pillars of a furnaces and pot furnace. tools used during melting 3261 skittle pot, parts of A pot for melting small quantities of cannon pot furnaces and glass in a furnace tools contai used during ning melting pots otherwise of normal size. 3262 jockey pot parts of A small pot supported in the furnace by furnaces and two ordinary pots. tools used during melting 3263 glazed pot parts of A new pot, coated inside with a thin furnaces and layer of glass to protect it from the raw tools batch. used during melting 3264 seat parts of The position on a pot furnace siege furnaces and where the pot stands. tools used during melting 3265 eye parts of A circular opening in the melting furnaces and chamber siege of a pot tools furnac used during e melting through which the gas and air enter. 3266 wicket wall parts of 1. The wall built across the pillars of a furnaces and pot furnace to tools enclose used during the pot and seal the pot opening. 2. In melting general, any wall closing an opening but not bonded with the sides of it. 3267 pillar arches parts of The arches spanning the pillars of a pot furnaces and furnace. tools used during melting 3268 pillars parts of Columns supporting the crown of a pot furnaces and furnace, between which the pots are tools set. used during melting 3269 pillar blocks parts of The blocks forming the pillars of a furnaces and pot furnace. tools used during melting 3270 side pocket, parts of A pocket at the bottom of a waste gas slag pocket furnaces and downtake leading into a recuperator or tools regenerator of a furnace. used during melting 3271 tweel blocks parts of 1. Refractory blocks placed in front of furnaces and a newly set pot. 2. Refractory blocks tools for controlling the flow of glass in used during forming machine canal. 3. Refractory melting blocks in a counterweighted vertical damper 3272 jack bricks parts of Bricks used for stopping round a newly furnaces and set pot. These bricks tools have recesses or holes to take a brick used during fork. melting 3273 warming-in parts of A cavity or dummy hole in the wicket hole furnaces and wall of a pot furnace or other furnace tools wall for warming gathering irons. used during melting 3274 shoe parts of A clay vessel, in the shape of a furnaces and crucible, laid horizontally at the side of tools the pot mouth for heating the ends of used during blowing irons. melting 3275 trying iron parts of A thin iron rod which is dipped into furnaces and molten glass during tools founding used during in order to assess the condition of the melting glass. 3276 kettle parts of A hemispherical vessel 3 or 4 ft in furnaces and diameter, into which molten glass is tools ladled. used during melting 3277 ladle parts of A long-handled, spoon-shaped tool for furnaces and ladling glass. tools used during melting 3278 gathering hole parts of An opening in a tank furnace through furnaces and which molten glass is gathered. tools used during melting 3279 glory hole parts of An opening exposing the hot interior of furnaces and a furnace. tools used during melting 3280 observation parts of A small opening in a furnace wall hole, peep furnaces and through which observations are made. hole, bye tools hole, sight used during hole melting 3281 floater hole parts of An opening in a furnace through which furnaces and floaters are introduced. tools used during melting 3282 potette, boot, parts of A refractory shape introduced into a hood furnaces and furnace and partly immersed in the tools glass to protect the gathering point used during from the furnace gases. It is used for melting hand gathering and also for certain suction machines. 3283 spout parts of 1. A block in the furnace sidewall furnaces and containing a channel, through which tools glass leaves the working end. (See pot used during spout.) 2. A block at the end of the melting channel leading to the rolling machine, in the flat glass industry. 3. A block at the end of the feeder channel leading to the forming machine in branches other than the flat glass industry. (See feeder nose.) 3284 pot spout parts of A channel block connecting the furnaces and working end of a tank furnace with a tools rendering pot. 3285 matching used during A short refractory channel fitting piece, melting between the tank spout and pot spout intermediate piece for a revolving pot. 3286 water box parts of A water-cooled metal box either furnaces and applied against a refractory side block tools or forming an integral part of the side wall structure of a glass melting tank at the fluxline. 3287 feeder used during 1. A device for delivering gobs or glass melting to the forming machine. 2. As feeder (1) but including also the feeder channel. 3288 revolving parts of A revolving refractory tube, concentric sleeve, revolving furnaces and with, and surrounding, the feeder tube tools plunger. 3289 bushing used during A liner in the orifice of a feeder melting delivering glass gobs to a forming machine. 3290 feeder gate, parts of A piece of refractory material lowered feeder plug furnaces and into the feeder channel to stop or adjust tools the flow of glass. 3291 stopper, gate parts of 1. A refractory piece shaped to fit a furnaces and channel and used for controlling the tools flow of glass into a revolving pot of a suction machine. 2. A refractory piece to cover the mouth of a covered pot, or the working hole outside an open pot. 3292 feeder nose, used during A refractory block of special shape nose, feeder spout, melting containing the orifice forming the feeder boot, feeder bowl delivery end of the feeder. 3293 feeder well parts of A specially shaped refractory block block, feeder reel furnaces and connecting the feeder channel with the tools furnace, which permits a greater depth of skimming 3294 feeder used during An opening in a furnace wall through opening, letter melting which glass flows into the feeder. box 3295 office parts of An opening through which glass flows. furnaces and In a feeder, the term refers to the tools opening formed by an orifice ring (bush) in the bottom of the spout. 3296 feeder plunger, used during A reciprocating refractory plunger feeder needle melting above a feeder orifice. 3297 cooling zone parts of Part of the feeder channel, adjacent to furnaces and the furnace. tools 3301 campaign relating to melting The working life of a tank furnace operations between major repairs which involve the cooling down of the tank to room temperature. 3302 load, draw, relating to The weight of glass delivered by a output, pull melting furnace in a stated time(usually 24 operations hours). 3303 reversal, relating to A periodic operation of reversing the change-over melting direction of firing in a regenerative operations furnace. 3304 burn out relating to A method of cleaning raw producer gas melting flues by burning. operations 3305 cycle relating to In open-pot practice, the time between melting the first filling of batch and the operations emptying of the pot. 3306 cooling-down relating to 1. (Taking-down period.) The period period melting between opening a covered pot and the operations glass reaching its working tem perature. 2. The period between the refining stage and the removal of the glass from the furnace. 3. The period during which a furnace cools before being repaired. 3307 journey relating to The working out of a pot or pot furnace melting prior to refilling and remelting, or the operations shift in which the working out is done. 3308 melt relating to A specific quantity of glass, melted at melting one time. operations 3309 melting relating to The thermal process by which the melting charge is completely converted to operations molten glass. 3310 refining, relating to The stage in the melting process at fining, melting which the molten glass is made almost founding, operations free from undissolved gases. plaining 3311 metal relating to Molten glass. melting operations 3312 tank glass relating to Glass melted in a tank furnace as melting distinct from a pot. operations 3313 pot glass relating to Glass melted in a pot as distinct from a melting tank furnace. operations 3314 fluxline, metal relating to 1. The level of the molten glass surface line melting in a tank. 2. The boundary line between operations unmelted batch and clear glass in a tank. 3315 foam relating to A layer of bubbles on the surface of melting molten glass. operations 3316 foam line relating to A boundary line between a foam melting covered area and a clear area in a tank operations furnace. 3317 gall, salts, salt relating to A layer of molten sulphate floating water melting upon the glass in a furnace. operations 3318 lump relating to Piles of batch floating in the molten melting glass in a tank furnace. operations 3319 scum relating to A floating layer of undissolved melting material and foam on the surface of operations molten glass. 3320 reboil relating to Reappearance of gas bubbles in molten melting glass after it had previously appeared operations free of undissolved gases. 3321 boost melting, relating to An auxiliary method of heating in a gas boosting melting or oil-fired tank furnace, by passing an operations electric current through the molten glass. 3322 sting-out relating to Combustion gases or flames issuing melting from openings in furnace walls. operations 3323 hot spot relating to 1. Thin spots in a refractory structure melting brought about by wear, usually in side operations blocks. 2. (Thermal barrier.) The zone of highest temperature in the melting end of a tank furnace. 3324 blocking relating to A method of stirring and fining glass in melting a pot by immersion of a block of wood operations or other material capable of giving off gases at the high temperature of the melt. 3325 poling, relating to A method of stirring and fining glass in plugging melting the pot with a wooden pole from which operations gases are given off at the high tempera ture of the melt. 3326 patching, tiling relating to Placing a refractory block outside a melting badly worn block while a furnace is operations operating; or a block so placed. 3327 breezing relating to Coarse sand or anthracite of similar melting grain-size spread on the siege before operations setting pots in a pot furnace. 3328 pot setting relating to Placing a pot in position in a pot melting furnace. operations 3329 tap relating to 1. To drain a furnace. 2. To remove melting excess slag from the floor of a pot operations furnace. 3330 scull relating to The glass remaining in a ladle after melting most of the molten glass has been operations poured out. 4101 flat drawn forming A process in which a flat sheet of glass process processes is formed by drawing vertically from a bath of molten glass. 4102 rolling process forming A process for making flat glass in processes which it is formed between rollers. 4103 casting forming A process of shaping glass by pouring processes it into a mould or on to a table or passing it between rollers. 4104 bicheroux forming An intermittent process for making process processes in which pot glass is cast between rollers on to driven conveyor rollers or a flat moving table. 4105 colburn sheet forming A method of making sheet glass by process processes bending the vertically drawn sheet over a driven roller which determines the rate of draw. 4106 cylinder forming A method of making flat glass in which process processes a gather of molten glass is made into a cylinder which is split lengthwise, re-heated and flattened in a flattening kiln. 4107 foureault forming The method of making sheet glass by process processes drawing glass vertically upward through a slotted debiteuse block. 4108 flow process forming 1. A process for making flat glass in processes which the glass con tinuously pours from a tank over a spout and thence between forming rollers and is subsequently annealed as a continuous ribbon. 2. See gob process. 4109 forming A process in which a ribbon of hot process processes glass is floated upon a heated liquid of greater density than that of the glass, to produce a transparent glass the two surfaces of which are flat, parallel and fire-polished so that they give clear undistorted vision and reflection. 4110 teem forming To pour molten glass from a pot in the processes rolling process. 4111 gob process, forming A process for making hollow ware in flow process, processes which glass is delivered by an gravity automatic feeder in the form of soft process lumps of suitable shape to a forming unit. 4112 double-gob forming A process in which two molten lumps process processes of glass are dropped simultaneously into a mould having two cavities. 4113 press-and-blo forming A process of glass manufacture in w process processes which the parison is shaped by pressing and subsequently blown to form the final shape. 4114 pressing forming Forming glassware by pressure applied processes between a mould and plunger. 4115 blow-and-blow forming A process of forming hollow ware in which process processes both the preliminary and final shapes are formed by air pressure. 4116 suck-and-blow forming A proms in which glass is sucked into a process processes parison mould, and then blown to its final shape in a blow mould. 4117 suction forming Any process where glass is gathered by process processes vacuum into a mould. 4118 glass blowing forming Shaping hot glass by air pressure processes applied internally. 4119 settle blow forming Forcing glass into a finish or ring processes mould by air pressure in the blow-and-blow process. 4120 counter blow forming The blowing out of the parison in the processes blow-and-blow process. 4121 mouthblowing forming Shaping hot glass by air pressure processes applied with the mouth. 4122 mouldblowing forming Blowing glass in a mould to form the processes final shape. 4123 lamp working forming Making lampblown articles, i.e. articles processes made, usually from glass tubing or rod, with the aid of an oxy-gas or air-gas flame. 4124 westlake forming An automatic process using vacuum process processes gather for producing articles in paste moulds. 4125 ribbon process forming A process whereby molten glass is processes delivered by a forming unit in ribbon form. 4126 danner process forming A method of mechanically and processes continuously drawing glass rod or tubing horizontally from a rotating mandrel. 4127 up-draw forming A method of continuously drawing process, processes glass tubing or rod upwards from an schuller orifice andlor over a refractory cone. process, wood's process 4128 vello process forming A method of continuously drawing processes glass tubing or cane, in which glass is fed downward through an annular orifice to a horizontal draw back. 4129 down-draw forming A process of continuously drawing process processes glass tubing downward from an orifice. 4130 pittsburgh forming The method of making sheet glass by process processes drawing glass vertically upward from a bath of molten glass, the edges of the sheet being formed by rollers and the draw rated by a submerged drawbar. 4201 forming terms relating The shaping of hot glass. to forming 4202 mould terms relating A form (usually of metal) in which to forming glass is shaped. 4203 paste mould terms relating A mould lined with adherent carbon, to forming used wet for blown ware. 4204 parison, blank terms relating A preliminary shape or blank from to forming which a glass article is to be formed. 4205 vent terms relating A small hole drilled through the wall of to forming a blow mould to allow air trapped between the mould and the glass to escape during final blowing. 4206 blank mould, terms relating The metal mould which first shapes the parison mould, to forming glass in the manufacture of hollow blank ware. 4207 blow mould terms relating The metal mould in which a blown to forming glass article is finally shaped. 4208 neck ring, terms relating The mould in which the neck of a neck mould, to forming bottle is formed. finish mould, bind mould 4209 ring terms relating A mould part that forms the rim of a to forming pressed article. 4210 body mould terms relating The part of a mould which forms the to forming outer surface of a article. 4211 gob terms relating 1. A lump of hot glass delivered by a to forming feeder. 2. A lump of hot glass gathered on a punty or blowing iron. 4212 blank terms relating Any article of glass on which to forming subsequent processing is required. 4213 shop terms relating 1. The location of a team of men to forming working from one pot or on one machine in a blowing or pressing process. 2. A complete production unit. 4214 moll terms relating 1. The glass remaining on a punty or to forming blowing iron after the gather has been cut off or after a piece of ware has been blown and severed. 2. The glass originally in contact with the blowing mechanism or head, which becomes cullet after the desired article is severed from it. 4215 cracking-off terms relating Breaking off a glass article from the to forming moil, for example by scratching and then heating. 4216 burning-off terms relating Severing an unwanted portion of a to forming glass article by melting along the line of severance. 4217 chair terms relating A special long-armed chair in which to forming the craftsman sits when shaping glass. 4218 move terms relating A fixed number of articles to be made to forming for a given rate of pay by a chair (8216). 4219 turn, journey terms relating A work shift in which a definite to forming number of articles, usually two moves, is produced. 4220 blowing iron, terms relating The iron pipe used by a glass maker for blowpipe to forming gathering and blowing by mouth. 4221 punty, pontil terms relating An iron rod used to hold the base of to forming hand-made ware during reheating and shaping, or for gathering gobs of glass for pressed ware. 4222 nose terms relating The tip of a blowing iron. to forming 4223 gather terms relating 1. The mass of glass picked up by the to forming gatherer on the punty or blowing iron. 2. To take glass from a pot or tank on the blowing iron or punty. 4224 post, lump terms relating The formed gather of glass prior to to forming drawing by the hand process. 4225 marver terms relating A flat metal plate or stone on which a to forming hand gather of glass is rolled, shaped, positioned and cooled. 4226 bursting-off terms relating Breaking off a blown article from the to forming end of the blowing iron. 4227 pucella terms relating An implement for opening out the top to forming of a wine glass in the off-hand process. 4228 blow over terms relating The thin-walled bubble formed above a to forming blow-mould in hand shop operation to facilitate bursting-off. 4229 chest terms relating A receptacle in which the moils are to forming allowed to crack off the blowing irons. 4230 chest knife terms relating The implement used to clean the moil to forming off the blowing iron. 4231 bosh, water terms relating A water tank for cooling glass-making bosh to forming tools or for quenching glass. 4232 shaping block terms relating A piece of wood used in shaping the to forming glass on the blowing iron before blowing in the mould. 4233 blocking terms relating Shaping a gather of glass in a cavity of to forming wood or metal. 4234 gadget terms relating A tool for holding the foot of a wine to forming glass while the upper part is being finished. 4235 footboards terms relating Hinged boards used for shaping the feet to forming of sternware. 4236 battledore, terms relating An implement used for shaping the foot pallette to forming of a wine glass. 4237 mechanical terms relating A mechanical device, operated by the boy to forming blower's feet, for wetting, raising, opening and closing the mould while mouth-blowing is in progress. 4238 flow machine terms relating A machine which receives glass to forming moving under its own weight from a feeder. 4239 geneva terms relating A mechanical device for driving mechanism to forming rotating machines in stages, providing alternating periods of rapid acceleration and deceleration. 4240 take-out terms relating A mechanical device for removing a to forming finished article from a glass-forming unit. 4241 uprighter terms relating A device for collecting bottles coming to forming from chutes and standing them upright on a conveyor. 4242 deadplate terms relating In automatic production, a stationary to forming plate receiving a glass article awaiting transfer or such a plate between two conveyors across which the articles are transferred. 4243 plug, plunger, terms relating The reciprocating metal part which in a tip, plunger tip to forming blank mould forms the initial cavity for subsequent blowing 4244 baffle hole terms relating A hole through which a mould is filled. to forming 4245 baffle plate terms relating The part of a blank mould which seals to forming the baffle hole. 4246 blow head terms relating Part of a forming machine serving to to forming introduce air under pressure to blow hollow glass articles. 4247 lubricant, dope terms relating A substance applied to metal surfaces to forming which would come into contact with the hot glass during forming processes. 4248 swabbing terms relating Applying lubricant to a mould. to forming 4249 draw bar terms relating A submerged refractory block used to to forming define the position of sheet glass during drawing 4250 bait terms relating A tool dipped into molten glass to start to forming a drawing operation. 4251 tower terms relating A vertical chamber through which to forming drawn sheet glass is passed in the Fourcault and Pittsburgh processes 4252 paddling terms relating Roughly shaping a piece of glass in a to forming furnace with paddles or tools preparatory to the pressing of optical glass blanks. 4253 dolly terms relating A gathering iron with refractory tip for to forming gathering glass for semi-automatic machines 4254 mandrel terms relating 1. A refractory tube used in the to forming manufacture of glass tubing or rod. 2. A former used in making lampblown articles from tubing and in making precision bore tubing. 4255 repegging, terms relating Hammering-in of pegs round the pegging to forming periphery of big disk grinders, or along the sides of continuous grinders to prevent the glass from slipping off the table during grinding. 5101 decorating terms relating 1. Firing enamels on to glassware. 2. to decoration of Applying designs to formed glassware glass by means of etching, sandblasting, cutting, engraving or similar methods. 5102 cutting terms relating Producing . to decoration of glass 5103 cut glass, terms relating Glass decorated by grinding figures or deep cut to decoration of patterns on its surface over an abrasive glass wheel, followed by polishing. 5104 brilliant cut terms relating A decorative process in which designs to decoration of are produced on flat glass with abrasive glass and polishing wheels 5105 intaglio terms relating A form of decoration in which the to decoration of depth of cutting is intermediate glass between deep cutting and engraving. 5106 engraving terms relating Incising glass by engraving with to decoration of abrasive applied by rotating copper glass wheels to produce a pattern. 5107 diamond point terms relating Incising glass surfaces, usually for engraving to decoration of decoration, with a diamond point or glass hard steel stylus. 5108 mitre terms relating Cut made by the V-shaped edge of an to decoration of abrasive wheel. glass 5109 air twist terms relating A type of decoration mostly found in to decoration of wine glass stems consisting of glass capillaries in spiral form within the glass. 5110 colour twist terms relating A type of decoration chiefly found in to decoration of wine glass stems, consisting of glass glass rods in spiral form, the rods being white or coloured, or both together. 5111 terms relating A form of decoration used, for to decoration of example, in paper weights, in which glass sections of multicoloured glass cane are set in a clear glass matrix to form a design. 5112 mosaic terms relating Small glass pieces cemented together, to decoration of usually on to a flat backing surface, to glass form designs. 5113 silkscreen terms relating A decorating process in which a design process to decoration of is printed on glass through a silk mesh glass or similar screen. 5114 transfer terms relating A decorative process in which a design decoration to decoration of is applied to the glass by means of a glass transfer. 5115 crackled terms relating Glassware, the surface of which has to decoration of been intentionally cracked by water glass immersion and partially healed by reheating before final shaping. 5201 anneal other terms To prevent or remove objectionable relating to stresses in glass by controlled heating work on glass at and cooling from a suitable temperature. 5202 lebr, leer, lier, other terms An oven, usually long and lear relating to tunnel-shaped, for annealing glass, work on glass preferably by continuous passage through the oven. 5203 muffle other terms An enclosure in a furnace or lehr relating to protecting the ware from the flames work on glass and combustion products. 5204 stacker, lerr other terms A device for transferring glass articles loader relating to on to a continuous lehr belt. work on glass 5205 finish other terms The condition of the surface of plate relating to glass after polishing. work on glass 5206 fire finished, other terms Glass which has been surface polished fire polished relating to by heating, for example in a flame. work on glass 5207 fired-on other terms Enamelled devices which are relating to permanently fixed to the surface of work on glass glass by heat treatment. 5208 fusing, other terms Joining a piece of glass to glass or sealing, relating to another material by heating and welding work on glass pressing together; also applied to the fire finishing of ends of tubular glasses. 5209 blowpipe other terms The burner used for working glass at a relating to bench. work on glass 5210 striking other terms Development of colour or opacity relating to during cooling or reheating. work on glass 5211 warming-in other terms Re-heating glass for striking, or to relating to permit further working. work on glass 5212 sagging, other terms A process of forming glass by dropping relating to re-heating until it conforms to the work on glass shape of the mould or form on which it rests. 5213 bending other terms The manipulation while hot of all or relating to part of a sheet of flat glass to form a work on glass curved shape. 5214 bead other terms An enlarged, rounded edge of a glass relating to article, or any raised section extending work on glass around the article. 5215 cutting other terms Making a cut on glass with a diamond relating to or steel wheel so that it can be broken work on glass along the cut. 5216 ladders other terms Ladder-like supports on which glass relating to tubing is laid along the floor before work on glass being cut up. 5217 blocking other terms 1. Reprocessing to remove surface relating to imperfection. 2. Mounting optical glass work on glass blanks in a carrier for grinding and polishing operations. 5218 edging of other terms Reducing a lens to the desired size and lenses relating to shape by grinding the edge. work on glass 5219 bevelling other terms The process of edge finishing flat glass relating to to a bevel angle. work on glass other terms relating to work on glass 5220 arris edge other terms A small bevel, of width not exceeding relating to 1/16 in, at an angle of approximately work on glass 450 to the surface of the glass. The finish can be ground, smoothed, or polished. 5221 pencil edging other terms Smooth grinding of the edges of flat relating to glass to a rounded section. work on glass 5222 lap other terms 1. A rotating disc or other tool used for relating to grinding, smooth ing or polishing glass. work on glass It may be abrasive, or abrasive powders may be used on a smooth tool. 2. A square piece of material, usually rubber, to protect the hands when handling glass. 5223 plaster other terms Partially dehydrated gypsum used with relating to water for bedding plates of glass to work on glass tables during the grinding and polishing of plate glass. 5224 rough other terms Producing a coarse ground surface on grinding, relating to flat glass or glass ware. roughing work on glass 5225 twin grinder other terms A machine used in the twin-plate relating to process. work on glass 5226 twin-plate other terms A process for making polished plate process , relating to glass in which rolling, annealing and pilkington work on glass grinding are carried out on a twin process continuously produced ribbon of glass without first cutting it into sections and in which top and bottom surfaces are ground simultaneously. 5227 vertical other terms Polishing glass with a vertical wheel. polishing relating to work on glass 5228 surface other terms Further polishing of plate glass to polishing relating to remove slight defects. work on glass other terms relating to work on glass 5229 smooth other terms The condition of the surface of plate relating to glass after grinding and before work on glass polishing. 5230 twin smooth other terms Plate glass which is smooth on both relating to sides. work on glass other terms relating to work on glass 5231 burgee other terms Unusable waste sand, containing glass relating to and iron debris, that has been used in work on glass grinding plate glass. 5232 sandblasting other terms Producing a matt surface on glass by relating to projecting on to the surface a jet of work on glass small abrasive particles at high velocity. 5233 etching, acid other terms Treating the surface of glass with etching relating to hydrofluoric acid or some other work on glass chemical, generally for marking or decoration. 5234 acid other terms 1. Obscuring the surface of flat or bent embossing relating to glass by treatment with hydrofluoric work on glass acid or its compounds. 2. Marking or decorating the surface of glass with hydrofluoric acid or its compounds 5235 acid frosting, other terms Acid embossing (2) applied to light fromng relating to bulbs or other hollow ware. work on glass 5236 acid polishing other terms Acid treatment of a glass surface in relating to order to polish it work on glass 5237 pearl other terms The surface texture of an acid frosted relating to electric lamp bulb. work on glass 5238 silvering other terms The application by chemical or other relating to methods of a film of silver to a glass work on glass surface. 5239 bloom other terms Deposition on glass of chemical relating to compounds from the vapour phase by a work on glass special process. 5240 coating other terms Application to optical glass lenses of a relating to non-reflecting film.Anti-reflection work on glass coating to reduce light scattering and back reflection. 5241 badging other terms Marking of glass or glassware to relating to indicate capacity or ownership or for work on glass other purposes (e.g. trademarks). 5242 grinding other terms A process whereby the surface of rough relating to cast glass is smoothed by grinding with work on glass an abrasive. 5243 polishing other terms A process whereby the surface of relating to smooth glass is polished by means of work on glass felt and some polishing agent such as rouge. 5244 disk grinder other terms A power driven circular table upon relating to which the glass is rotated and the upper work on glass surface is ground by means of rotating disk grinding heads mounted above the table, the grinding medium being water and carefully graded sand. 5245 disk polisher other terms A machine similar to a disk grinder but relating to fitted with multiple felt-covered work on glass polishing heads above the table, the polishing medium being water and rouge. 5246 continuous other terms A power driven table machine in which grinder relating to rectangular tables polisher are coupled work on glass together into a long continuous table which travels under successive grinder heads and thereafter under a series of polisher heads, the tables are uncoupled in turn at the stripping end and returned to the laying end where they are automatically recoupled to the series of tables. 6101 antique forms of glass A hand-blown cylinder glass of uneven thickness both surfaces of which are more or less textured, made chiefly for stained-glass windows in a variety of types similar in character to the mediaeval glass used for that purpose. 6102 bulls-eye forms of glass A thick lens or round piece of glass. 6103 cat's eye forms of glass A small glass reflecting stud. 6104 bullion forms of glass A disk of spun hand-made flat glass, or the central portion of it, to which the glass maker's iron has been attached. 6105 crown glass forms of glass A transparent glass made in disk form by blowing and spinning. Crown glass has a natural fire-finished surface, but it is of varying thickness with a slight convexity and so gives a marked degree of distortion of vision and reflection. (See also optical crown.) 6106 coquille forms of glass Glass in a thin curved form used in the manufacture of sun glasses. The radius of curvature is usually 31A in. (See also micoquille.) 6107 micoquille forms of glass As coquille, but of 7 in radius. 6108 ballotini forms of glass Small, transparent, solid glass spheres, generally less than 1 'A nun in diameter. 6109 frost, forms of glass Crushed glass of paper thickness, used diamantin1 for decorative purposes, sometimes graded. 6110 tinsel forms of glass Glass of paper thickness crushed, graded and silvered. 6111 micro-glass forms of glass Very thin glass used for microscope cover slips. 6112 prince rupert forms of glass Highly stressed drops of glass drops produced by dropping molten glass into water. 6113 bead forms of glass A small piece of glass rod or tubing fused round a wire. 6114 figured rolled forms of glass A translucent rolled glass having one glass surface patterned. 6115 cathedral glass forms of glass A rolled, translucent glass, one surface of which has a specific type of texture giving varying degrees of obscuration. 6116 roughcast forms of glass Rolled translucent glass, one surface of which has a definite texture, made by rolling molten glass either on a table or between rollers. 6117 Glass blocks Hollow translucent glass units having various patterns moulded on their interior or exterior, or on both surfaces, used for building purposes. 6118 norman slabs, forms of glass Sides cut from square blown glass saxon slabs bottles for use in stained glass windows. 6119 leaded glass forms of glass Windows formed by fixing small panes or pieces of glass together with strip lead of H or U section. 6120 sheet forms of glass Transparent flat glass made by blowing or drawing. 6121 polished plate, forms of glass Transparent glass, the two surfaces of plate which have been ground and polished to make thern flat and parallel, so as to provide clear, undistorted through-vision and reflection. 6122 float glass forms of glass A transparent glass, the two surfaces of which are flat, parallel and fire polished so that they give clear, undis torted vision and reflection, manufactured by floating hot glass in ribbon form on a heated liquid of greater density than the glass. 6123 rolled glass forms of glass Flat glass, one surface of which bears a pattern or texture made by rolling either on a table or between rollers. 6124 ribbon forms of glass A continuous strip of glass in the process of making. 6125 selvedge forms of glass The edge of a ribbon of rolled glass which is automatically formed during manufacture. 6126 drawn glass forms of glass Glass, usually in sheet form, made by a continuous mechanical drawing operation. 6127 cut sizes forms of glass Any flat glass cut to specific dimensions. 6128 forms of glass Glassware having a surface layer of a compatible glass of different chemical composition, usually coloured. 6129 , forms of glass A flat sheet of glass covered with a thin flash film of another glass, usually coloured or opaque, e.g. 'flashed opal'. 6130 ply glass forms of glass Glassware having a layer of opal glass covered on one or both sides with coloured or colourless transparent glass, normally used for illuminated globes and lighting shades. 6131 cameo forms of glass Glass of more than one layer, the top layer being carved in relief. 6132 glassing forms of glass Coating metals with a film of glass. 6133 safety glass forms of glass A glass which, if fractured, produces fragments which are less likely to cause severe cuts than those of ordinary glass. 6134 laminated forms of glass 1. (See safety glass.) A sheet, usually glass transparent, formed from interleaved, firmly adherent layers of glass and plastics material (the latter known as the interlayer or interleaf) having glass layers outermost. Upon fracture, the fragments of glass tend to be held together by the plastics material instead of dispersing. 2. Two sheets of glass with an interlayer of some other material, e.g. glass fibre. 6135 toughened forms of glass (See safety glass.) Glass, the surface of glass, which has been rapidly cooled from heat-treated near the softening point, so that a glass, residual compressive stress remains in tempered the surface after edmplete cooling. This glass, increases the thermal and mechani cal hardened glass strength of the glass and tends to make it shatter into smaller and less angular fragments than an ordinary glass when it is subjected to a breaking stress. 6136 dice forms of glass Approximately cubical fragments formed when toughened glass is broken. 6137 wired glass, forms of glass Flat glass with wire mesh of a square or georgian glass hexagonal pattern incorporated. That containing a square mesh is known as Georgian. The glass may have one rough cast surface(wired cast glass); it may be polished (polished wired glass); or translucent with hexagonal mesh (figured rolled wired glass). 6138 prismatic glass forms of glass 1. Translucent rolled glass, one surface of which consists of parallel prisms, made in three designs giving three different nominal angles of refraction to a beam of light passing through the glass. 2. A pressed glass carrying a pattern of optical prisms. 3. See lens fronted tubing. 6139 enamel back forms of glass Glass tubing having a white or tubing coloured ply, interposed between clear plies, extending approximately half way round the tube. 6140 cat's eye forms of glass Schellbach tubing for making spirit levels. forms of glass 6141 lens fronted forms of glass Thermometer tubing formed so that the tubing, apparent width of the column of rismatic glass mercury or spirit is magnified. forms of glass forms of glass 6142 schellbach forms of glass Enamel back tubing having a cobalt tubing, blue line plied cen trally between the shellbacked, other plies shellback 6143 cane forms of glass Solid glass rods of small or medium diameter. 6144 glass fibre, forms of glass An individual filament made by fibre attenuating molten glass. 6145 filament forms of glass A glass fibre as drawn. 6146 continuous forms of glass A glass fibre of great or indefinite filament length. 6147 strand forms of glass A plurality of filaments in parallel bonded with a size. 6148 strand count forms of glass The number of 100 yard lengths per pound of the strand. 6149 staple fibre forms of glass A glass fibre of relatively short length (generally less than17 in). 6150 basic fibre forms of glass Unprocessed glass fibres as they leave the forming equipment. 6151 silk forms of glass Long glass fibres. 6152 wool forms of glass A fleecy mass of glass fibres. 6153 mat forms of glass A glass fibre product having the texture of felt. 6154 chopped forms of glass A mat made from chopped glass strand mat strands, randomly laid and held together by means of a chemical binder. forms of glass 6155 foam glass forms of glass A rigid multi-ceflular insulating block fabricated from glass of high durability and comprising a homogeneous mass of closed cells. 6156 bubble glass forms of glass Glass containing bubbles as a decorative effect. 6157 sintered glass, forms of glass A porous glass made for filtration and other purposes by heating graded glass powder. 6158 preform forms of glass A small glass product, normally employed in making glass to-metal seals, formed by dry-pressing glass powder into shape in a die, the shape being fired to consolidate the glass particles into a non-porous component. 6159 chunk glass forms of glass Lumps of optical glass obtained in breaking open a pot of glass. 6160 slab glass forms of glass Optical glass obtained by cutting or forming chunk glass into plates or slabs. 6161 optical blank, forms of glass Optical glass formed by pressing into pressing the rough shape and size required in the finished article. 6162 optic forms of glass A lens or prism in an optical instrument. 6163 precision bore forms of glass Glass tubing softened by heat and tubing while soft shrunk on to a straight steel mandrel, so that the tubing permanently acquires a uniform bore accurately matching that of the mandrel 6201 container types of General term applied to glass bottles container and jars. 6202 stoppered types of A bottle, jar or decanter having a container container ground glass stopper. 6203 tubular types of A container made from glass tubing. container container 6204 carboy types of Large narrow-necked glass container, container usually of balloon shape, but sometimes more of cylindrical shape, and having a capacity of 5 gallons or more. 6205 demijohn types of A narrow-necked wine or spirit container container, having a capacity of more than 2 gallons. 6206 winchester types of A narrow- or wide-mouthed cylindrical container bottle used for the transportation of liquids. 6207 ampoule types of A container sealed, after filling, by container fusing the glass neck. 6208 nebuchaduezz types of Wine bottle containing 20 reputed ar container quarts. 6209 belshazzar types of Wine bottle containing 16 reputed container quarts. 6210 salmanazar types of Wine bottle containing 12 reputed container quarts. 6211 methuselah types of Wine bottle containing 9 reputed container quarts. 6212 rehoboam types of Wine bottle containing 6 reputed container quarts. 6213 jeroboam types of Wine bottle containing 4 reputed container quarts. 6214 tappit hen types of Wine bottle containing 3 Imperial container quarts. 6215 magnum types of Wine bottle containing 2 reputed container quarts. 6216 split types of A 6 1/2 fl oz capacity bottle for mineral container water. 6217 nip types of Bottle of small size for mineral water. container 6218 cannon types of Plain round bottle of comparatively container heavy weight usually required in 1/2, 1 or 2 fl oz capacity and used mainly in the flavouring essence trade. 6301 neck parts of The part of a bottle between finish and containers shoulder. 6302 finish, ring parts of The top part of the neck of a bottle or containers jar made to suit the cap, cork or other closure. 6303 bore parts of The section of the neck of a bottle into containers which corking, filling tubes or internal fittings are inserted. 6304 holding ring, parts of A bead in the finish of a container to transfer ring, containers facilitate the transfer of the parison to back ring the blow mould. 6305 locking ring parts of Part of the finish of a container for containers securing a closure in position. 6306 internal screw parts of A screw thread in the bore of a bottle containers or jar. 6307 external screw parts of A screw thread on the outside of the containers finish of a bottle or jar. 6308 sealing surface parts of The portion of the finish which makes containers contact with the sealing gasket or liner of the closure. 6309 shoulder parts of The curved surface between the walls containers and the neck of a bottle or other container. 6310 vacuity, parts of The space left above a liquid in a expansion containers closed glass container to allow for space possible expansion of the liquid. It may be expressed as a percentage of the liquid volume at the time of sealing. 6311 filling point parts of The level to which a glass container is containers filled to hold its nominal capacity. 6312 murgatroyd parts of A circumferential band in the side wan belt containers of a container, extending from the bottom to about three quarters of the height of the wall. In this band, maximum stresses due to thermal shock occur. 6313 insweep parts of An inward curved or tapered portion of containers a glass container which joins the lower part of the sides to the base. 6314 punt parts of The bottom of a container. containers 6315 pushed punt , parts of A punt shaped to form a concavity. push-up containers 6316 punt codes, parts of Identification marks embossed on the base codes containers base of a glass container 6401 blown glassware Glassware formed by air pressure glassware produced by mouth or by a machine. 6402 hand-blown glassware Blown glassware produced by hand manipulation. 6403 lampblown glassware Articles made, usually from glass tubing or rod, with the aid of an oxy-gas or air-gas flame. 6404 off-hand, glassware Glassware produced by hand without free-blown the aid of a mould or similar device. 6405 button, cap, glassware A portion of a piece of pressed ware so knockout designed that it can be knocked out or ofT to make a hole. 6406 embossed glassware Glassware marked or decorated by raised lettering or devices formed in the mould by blowing or pressing. 6407 stemware glassware General description of stemmed glass drinking vessels. 6408 straw stem glassware A very thin hollow stem 6409 stuck shank glassware A wine glass having the stem made separately from the bowl. 6410 pulled stem glassware A stem drawn from the body of a wine glass, not cast on. 6411 drawn stem glassware A pulled stem, sometimes hollow. 6412 mereses glassware Ribs or flanges on wine glass stems. 6413 foot glassware The base of a wine glass or other vessel of similar shape. 6414 punty mark glassware A rough impression on the foot of a hand-made article, where the glass was attached to the punty during forming. 6415 folded foot glassware A foot (of a stemmed vessel) the rim of which is folded back on itself to form a raised band. 6416 heavy bottom glassware A description applied to such articles as tumblers purposely made with a thick base. 6417 optic glassware A type of drinking glass with fluted bowl. 6418 prunt glassware An applied mass of glass bearing a monogram or badge, e.g. of the owner or vintner. 6419 bracken glassware Old English glass, so called from the method of obtaining alkali for the glass from burnt bracken. 6420 bohemian glassware General description usually applied to table glassware made in Czechoslovakia. 6421 graduated glassware Glassware which is marked with one or glassware, more divisions for measuring purposes. divided glassware 6422 volumetric glassware Graduated glassware, usually for glassware laboratory or medical purposes. 6423 frigger glassware A fanciful glass article made by a glassblower. 6424 light glass glassware A circle of thick flat glass clamped into the top or side of a vessel to admit light, so that the interior may be viewed through an observation glass. 6425 observation glassware A circle of thick flat glass clamped into glass, sight glass the top or side of a vessel. 6426 reflex glass glassware A type of liquid level indicator glass, being generally moulded in the form of a long strip, having prismatic grooves on its inside or working face, such that light is reflected in the upper or vapour part, and the lower or liquid part. It is clamped in a metal fixture.not reflected in 6427 through-vision glassware A type of liquid level indicator glass, glass consisting of two strips cl' thick flat glass mounted in a metal fixture so as to indicate the liquid level by transmitted light. 7101 bubble imperfections A gas filled cavity within glass. due to undissolved gases 7102 air bell imperfections A bubble of irregular shape formed due to generally during the pressing or undissolved moulding operations in the gases manufacture of optical glass. 7103 air line, hair line imperfections An elongated bubble in glass tubing. due to undissolved gases 7104 blibe imperfections An elongated bubble larger than seed. due to undissolved gases 7105 blister imperfections A large bubble in glass due to undissolved gases 7106 skin blister imperfections A thin, often elongated blister on or due to near a glass surface. undissolved gases 7107 pipe blister imperfections A large bubble on the inside surface of due to a glass article often arising from dirt or undissolved scale on the blowpipe. gases 7108 cat's eye imperfections A crescent shaped blister. due to undissolved gases 7109 seed imperfections Small bubbles in glass. due to undissolved gases 7110 feather imperfections A cluster of fine seed caused by foreign due to material entering the glass during undissolved casting or shaping. gases 7201 stone imperfections A crystalline inclusion in glass. due to solid material 7202 black speck imperfections A black inclusion in glass due to due to solid chrome iron ore. material 7203 scale imperfections A small piece of metal oxide or carbon due to solid embedded in glass. material 7204 dust, spew imperfections Localized finely divided extraneous due to solid material or seed in electric lamp bulbs material and valves 7205 burnt wire imperfections A fault in wired glass in which the due to solid surface of the wire is badly material contaminated by oxide 7206 feather imperfections A fault in wired glass characterized by due to solid bending of transverse wires. material 7207 grey blibe imperfections An elongated inclusion of sodium due to solid sulphate in glass. material 7208 suphate scab, imperfections An inclusion of sodium sulphate in gall, scar, white wash due to solid glass. material 7209 devitrification imperfections Development of crystallinity in glass, due to solid with progressive loss of transparency. material 7210 cord imperfections An elongated glassy inclusion of due to solid composition different from that of the material surrounding glass. 7211 striae, vein imperfections Very fine cords. due to solid material 7212 line imperfections A fine striation in the surface of glass. due to solid material 7213 hair line imperfections Fine cord on the surface of glass. due to solid material 7214 knot imperfections A localized glassy inclusion in glass. due to solid material 7215 ream imperfections A non-homogeneous layer in flat glass. due to solid material 7216 slug, shot imperfections Any non-fibrous glass in a glass-fibre due to solid product. material 7217 streak imperfections A dark or differently coloured due to solid inclusion of linear form in colourless or material coloured glass. 7301 bloom surface 1. A surface film caused by weathering. imperfections 2. A surface film of sulphites and sulphates formed during the annealing process. 7302 or spot surface A mottled, circular mark caused by imperfections carbonization of oil on electric lamp bulb or valve forming equipment. 7303 sugar surface Minute crystalline lumps produced on imperfections the surface of lead crystal glass by faulty acid polishing. 7304 chip surface An imperfection due to breakage of a imperfections small fragment out of an otherwise regular surface. 7305 bruise surface Localized surface cracks caused by imperfections impact. 7306 orange peel surface Surface irregularity of glass resembling imperfections the surface of an orange. 7307 sleek surface A fine elongated mark with smooth imperfections boundaries on polished glass. 7308 bow, warp surface 1. Lack of flatness of sheet or rolled imperfections glasses. 2. Departure from straightness in lengths of glass tubing. 7309 pluck surface A mark left on the surface of rolled imperfections glass where the ribbon has temporarily adhered to the forming rollers. 7310 rack mark surface A surface imperfection in rolled glasses imperfections due to faulty gearing in the forming roller drive. 7311 roller mark, surface An imperfection in the surface of sheet roller scratch imperfections glass due to con tact with the rollers in the tower of a flat drawn machine. 7312 chill mark, flow surface A wrinkled surface in glassware. line imperfections 7313 brush marks, surface A series of fine vertical laps on the scrub marks imperfections outside surface of a bottle. 7314 scuffing surface Small scratches or abrasions on the imperfections surface of a glass article. 7315 shell surface 1. A small flake of glass chipped from imperfections an edge by a sharp blow. 2. The depression left in the glass body by the removal of a shell (1). 7316 broken surface Seed near to the surface of plate glass imperfections which have been broken during grinding and polishing and which are generally filled with rouge. 7317 block rake surface A chain-like mark produced during the imperfections manufacture of plate glass. 7401 birdcage imperfections Thread of glass across the inside of a specific to bottle. glassware 7402 hollow neck imperfections Deficiency of glass in the neck of a specific to bottle. (See also blown away.) glassware 7403 blown away imperfections Deficiency of glass in the neck of an specific to internal screw neck bottle. glassware 7404 bulged finish imperfections A finish blown out so that the closure specific to will not fit. glassware 7405 offset finish imperfections A finish which is unsymmetrical about specific to the centre axis of a mould or similar glassware device. 7406 sharp finish imperfections Rough finish with sharp edges. specific to glassware 7407 dirty finish imperfections A scaly or rough appearance of a specific to finish, sometimes with black spots. glassware 7408 flanged imperfections A finish with a fin of glass extending specific to from the edge. glassware 7409 leaky ring imperfections Badly shaped bottle finish, causing a specific to leakage after capping. glassware 7410 fin, flash imperfections A projection of glass caused by the specific to entry of glass into a seam between glassware mould parts during forming. 7411 overflush imperfections An excess of glass round the joint line specific to of the finish or the flange of a glass glassware article. (See also fin.) 7412 cheek, vent imperfections A surface crack in a glass article or specific to tubing. (See also smear.) glassware 7413 smear imperfections A check ' especially on the neck finish. specific to glassware 7414 tear imperfections An open check. specific to glassware 7415 danny imperfections A tear at the base of the neck of a specific to bottle. glassware 7416 crizzle, skin crack imperfections A fine surface fracture similar to check. specific to glassware 7417 pressure cheek imperfections A surface crack on a glass article specific to caused by excess pressure informing. glassware 7418 overpress, inside imperfections A fin of glass extending from the inside fin specific to edge of the finish. glassware 7419 choke imperfections A constriction in the bore of the neck specific to of a container. glassware 7420 joint fine, parting imperfections A line or seam on glassware formed at line, mitre seam, specific to the join of two mould parts. match mark, mould joint, mould mark, glassware seam 7421 baffle mark imperfections Mark or seam on a bottle resulting specific to from a mould joint between blank glassware mould and baffle plate. 7422 mould mark imperfections 1. A mark on glassware caused by an specific to irregularity of the mould surface. 2. A glassware surface depression near the edge of a sheet of curved glass caused by the dies by which, or the frame on which, the flat glass was curved. 7423 settle mark, imperfections A slight variation in thickness of the settle wave specific to glass in the walls of a container. glassware 7424 sunburner imperfections An excessive local thickness of specific to material in a mouth-blown glass article. glassware 7425 dapple imperfections Irregularity of the inside or outside specific to surface of a container glassware 7426 lap, fold imperfections A fold in the surface of a glass article. specific to glassware 7427 shear mark imperfections A scar appearing in glassware, caused specific to by cutting the glass with shears glassware 7428 rings imperfections Circumferential undulations on the specific to surface of an electric lamp bulb or glassware valve. 7429 dirty punt imperfections Scaly or rough appearance of the punt specific to of a bottle. glassware 7430 spike imperfections A small projection of glass on the specific to inside and at the bottom of a container. glassware 7431 light bottom imperfections Deficient thickness of the bottom of a specific to glass bottle. glassware 7432 heavy bottom imperfections Excessive thickness of the bottom of a specific to glass bottle. glassware 7433 offset punt imperfections A base which is unsymmetrical about specific to the centre axis of a bottle. glassware 7434 slugged imperfections The bottom of a container having thick bottom, wedged specific to glass on one side and thin glass on the bottom glassware other side. 7435 belt marks, imperfections Marks made on the bottoms of slightly chain marks specific to overheated glass articles by the spirals glassware of the wire belt which carries them through the lehr. 7436 ovality imperfections Deviation of a glass article from a specific to circular towards an elliptical cross glassware section. 7501 split miscellaneous A deep crack which completely imperfections penetrates a piece of glass. 7502 distortion miscellaneous An optical effect due to variation of imperfections thickness of sheet glass. 7503 washboard, miscellaneous Ripples or waves, usually horizontal, ladders imperfections on the surface of glassware 7504 wave miscellaneous 1. Uneven glass distribution in flat imperfections drawn sheet glass. 2. The optical effect caused by uneven distribution or by striae. 7505 nib miscellaneous A small protrusion at the corner of a imperfections piece of flat glass due to faulty cutting. 7506 sugary cut miscellaneous Roughness of the cut edge of a piece of imperfections flat glass. 7507 undercutting miscellaneous Lack of perpendicularity between the imperfections cut edge and the surface of a sheet of glass. 7508 push-down miscellaneous An imperfection in sheet glass caused cullet imperfections by cullet having been pushed into the surface at the point of draw. 7509 tong marks miscellaneous Small depressions, usually circular, imperfections opposite one another in both surfaces near an edge of a piece of toughened glass; caused by the tongs by which it was suspended for heating. 7510 tong pull miscellaneous A slight deviation from the normal line imperfections of the edge of a piece of toughened glass adjacent to the tong marks. 7511 vent miscellaneous A small crack normal to the surface of imperfections a piece of toughened glass. 7512 tong vent miscellaneous A vent associated with a tong mark. imperfections 8101 lump man occupational A worker who positions the lumps of terms, relating batch on the surface of the glass in a to melting tank furnace. 8102 cullet picker occupational A worker who separates unwanted terms relating foreign matter from cullet by hand. to melting 8103 cullet: washer occupational A worker who washes cullet. terms relating to melting 8104 mixer occupational A worker who weighs and mixes batch terms relating materials in a mechanical mixer or by to melting hand. 8105 caveman occupational A general labourer, usually working terms relating under a glass furnace. to melting 8106 filler on occupational A worker who fills glass batch into a terms relating tank or pot. to melting 8107 jiggerman occupational A worker who takes sculls from the terms relating casting ladle to the filling end of the to melting tank. 8108 gas maker, occupational An operator in charge of a producer producer man terms relating supplying gas for firing furnaces. to melting 8109 top man occupational A worker in a gas producer plant who terms relating attends to poking and charging with to melting coal. 8110 bottom man occupational A worker in a gas producer plant who terms relating removes ash. to melting 8111 arch man occupational A worker who controls the heating of terms relating refractory claywork in arches. to melting 8112 teaser, teazer, occupational An operator who maintains the correct founder terms relating furnace temperature for feeding the to melting batch into the furnace or pot and who is sometimes also responsible for attending the gas producer and the waste heat boiler. 8113 sitter-up, second occupational A teaser's mate. teaser terms relating to melting 8114 skimmer occupational A worker who skims surface metal terms relating from a furnace or pot. to melting 8115 ladler occupational A worker who takes metal out of the terms relating tank with a large ladle and teams it on to melting the casting table. 8201 gatherer, core occupational A worker who collects molten glass on maker, fine gatherer terms relating the end of a blowing iron or punty to forming preparatory to blowing, pressing or drawing. 8202 bit gatherer occupational Junior member of a chair who gathers terms relating small quantities of glass which are then to forming applied as decoration to articles being made. 8203 post holder, post occupational A workman who handles the punty in gatherer terms relating the hand drawing process and gathers to forming the post. 8204 tube drawer, occupational The senior man in a gang, who receives rod drawer terms relating the piece of molten glass from the to forming gatherer, carries out the final shaping of it and draws the tube or rod with the post holder. 8205 ball maker occupational A gatherer who forms a hollow ball of terms relating glass on a small blowing iron. to forming 8206 marverer occupational A worker who uses a marver to shape terms relating and position the gather of hot glass on to forming the blowing iron preparatory to blowing. 8207 swinger occupational A worker who assists in teeming the terms relating full ladle on to the table. to forming 8208 moulder occupational A worker who reheats and moulds terms relating rough lumps of optical glass into slabs. to forming 8209 trimmer occupational A worker who chips off adherent terms relating refractories and sharp corners from to forming rough lumps of optical glass before moulding. 8210 slitter, slicer occupational A worker who removes unwanted terms relating material from slabs of optical glass to forming prior to remoulding into lens blanks. 8211 remoulder occupational A worker who moulds selected slabs of terms relating optical glass into blanks, to forming approximating to the shape of the finished article. 8212 presser occupational A worker who shapes glass by pressing terms relating in a mould by hand or by machine. to forming 8213 glassblower, occupational A worker who blows glass on a blower terms relating blowing iron (mouth blower) or to forming semi-automatic machine (machine blower). 8214 gaffer, chairman, occupational The head workman, foreman, or blower maker finisher, terms relating of a shop in which glassware is made workman to forming by hand. 8215 shop occupational A team or gang of men working from terms relating one pot or on one machine in a blowing to forming or pressing process. 8216 chair occupational A team or gang of workers producing terms relating blown or pressed glassware by hand. to forming 8217 servitor occupational The second man in a chair, who adds terms relating feet or legs to glass ware and serves the to forming gaffer. 8218 fourth hand occupational An extra man put into a chair of three terms relating men for extra help or as an apprentice. to forming 8219 fifth hand occupational An extra man put into a chair of four terms relating men for extra help or as an apprentice. to forming 8220 bench worker, occupational A worker who forms glassware from blowpipe worker, terms relating tubing or rod by heating in an oxy-gas lamp worker, glassblower to forming or air-gas flame at a work bench. 8221 bulb-blower occupational A worker who blows glass into a terms relating mould. to forming 8222 bottle maker occupational A worker who forms the ring finish in terms relating hand production. to forming 8223 mould boy occupational An assistant who holds the mould in terms relating mouth-blowing operations, and dips it to forming in or sprays it with water between blowings. 8224 chief operator occupational The supervisor of drawing machine terms relating operations in flat glass manufacture. to forming 8225 top floor occupational The supervisor of cut-off men in the supervisor, terms relating flat drawn process. tower inspector to forming 8226 machine man occupational A general assistant to the operator of a terms relating drawing machine in flat glass to forming manufacture. 8227 cut-off man occupational A worker who cuts off edges and splits terms relating sheet after breaking off at tower top in to forming flat drawn process and sorts according to quality. 8228 cutter occupational A worker who cuts flat glass to a terms relating required size. to forming 8229 balcony man occupational A worker who attends to sheet glass well man terms relating which is ascending a tower in the flat to forming drawn process. 8230 port walker occupational In the Fourcault process an inspector terms relating who watches the ribbon as it is formed to forming and reports faults, e.g. stones which may cause breakage. 8231 cutter-off occupational A worker who cuts off the ribbon of terms relating at the end of the lehr. to forming 8232 gauger, cutter-up, occupational A worker who gauges and cuts up tube cutter terms relating drawn tubing or rod. to forming 8233 splitter occupational A worker who splits cylinders of glass terms relating in the drawn cylinder process. to forming 8234 flattener occupational A worker who flattens sheet glass made terms relating by the cylinder process. to forming 8235 pusher, flattener's occupational A worker who pushes glass into the assistant terms relating kiln after flattening. to forming 8236 machine occupational A worker responsible for an automatic operator terms relating or serni-automatic glass forming to forming machine. 8237 melter occupational An operator of a fire finishing machine. terms relating to forming 8301 taker-out occupational A worker who removes glassware from terms relating the mould for collection by the to finishing taker-in. 8302 taker-in A worker who takes hot glassware from the forming machine, glassblower or presser to the lehr for annealing. 8303 lehr attendant, An operator responsible for lehr man, lehr minder maintaining the working conditions of the lchr and sometimes for the lehr-stacking devices. 8304 lehr assistant, A worker who removes sorted or emptier, lehir end packaged ware from the lehr end. service man 8305 lehr end A worker who examines the rough cast examiner ribbon in rolled glass manufacture. 8306 stower A worker who pushes the glass sheet in an intermittent lebr. 8307 drawer A worker who handles rolled glasses at the lehr end. 8308 carrier A worker in flat glass manufacture who carried glass from the tower ton to the cutting table and thence to the glass barrow. 8309 trucker A workman who takes barrows of glass from tank to warehouse, or from stock to loading bay. 8310 trimmer A worker who attends to breakages, plaster, repegging, etc. between the grinding and polishing stages in producing plate glass. 8311 layer A worker who lays plate glass on a grinding or polishing machine. 8312 marker up A worker who marks positions on glass where drilling or other working is to be done. 8313 stoner, flatter A worker who smooths the rims of glass articles. 8314 decorator Generic term for cutter, engraver, etc., of glassware, mainly crystal glassware. 8315 diamond point A craftsman who incises glass surfaces engraver usually for decoration with a diamond point or hard steel stylus. 8316 notcher A worker who grinds notches in flat glass. 8317 looker A worker who checks the result of disk grinding before polishing is done. 8318 graduater, A craftsman who marks volumetric calibrator glassware. 8319 gauger, calibrator A worker who checks the dimensions of glass articles with special gauges. 8320 sorter A worker who visually examines glass and glassware for defects at the cold end of the lehr or in the warehouse, and in some works also packs sorted ware into packaging containers. 8321 toughener The operator of a toughening furnace in safety glass manufacture. 8322 bag packer A worker who packs glass articles into hessian containers. 8323 doubler An operator of a machine which plies twisted glass yarn. 8324 conewinder, An operator of a machine which winds cheesewinder glass fibre yam on to spools (cones). 8325 multiple end An operator of a machine which winds winder a number of parallel glass yarns on to a spool.