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Wiener Multi-Kulti Im Mittelalter? – Das Zusammenleben Der Verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen Und Religionen in Der Mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien.“

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Wiener Multi-Kulti Im Mittelalter? – Das Zusammenleben Der Verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen Und Religionen in Der Mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien.“ DIPLOMARBEIT / DIPLOMA THESIS Titel der Diplomarbeit / Title of the Diploma Thesis „Wiener Multi-Kulti im Mittelalter? – Das Zusammenleben der verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen in der mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien.“ verfasst von / submitted by Mobeen Fries angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2018 / Vienna, 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 190 313 456 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / UF Geschichte, Sozialkunde, Politische Bildung degree programme as it UF Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Meta Niederkorn Vorwort In meiner Diplomarbeit möchte ich aufzeigen, dass die Stadt Wien bereits im Mittelalter viele verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen beheimatet hat und dabei näher beleuchten, wie die Menschen aus den unterschiedlichsten Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen zusammengelebt haben. Das Thema dieser Diplomarbeit habe ich gewählt, da es mir ein besonderes Bedürfnis ist, meine Heimat Wien unter einem Gesichtspunkt zu analysieren, der heute noch immer für ähnliche Diskussionen sorgt wie im Mittelalter. Das Zusammenleben der verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen in Wien wird heutzutage in den Medien, in den sozialen Netzwerken, in der Stadtregierung und auch auf Regierungsebene bzw. im Nationalrat äußerst kontrovers diskutiert. Man könnte beinahe Eindruck bekommen, dass die Migrations- und Flüchtlingsströme ein Phänomen der letzten Jahre geworden sind. Dass dem nicht so ist, werde ich unter anderem in meiner Diplomarbeit aufzeigen. Der Wiener Raum war bereits zu Zeiten der Römer zu einem Schmelztiegel geworden, indem verschiedene Gruppen zusammenfanden um hier zu leben und es sollten im Laufe der Jahrhunderte immer mehr werden. In den darauffolgenden Jahrhunderten gab es immer wieder einen Wechsel von kulturell, ethnisch und religiös unterschiedlichen geprägten Herrschern, die dem Wiener Raum bzw. in weiterer Folge der Stadt Wien ihren Stempel aufdrückten. Auch die Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung war bei weitem nicht so homogen wie dies heutzutage oft dargestellt wird, sondern war im Laufe der Jahrhunderte immer wieder grundlegenden Änderungen unterworfen. Der Fokus meiner Arbeit wird auf dem Zusammenleben jener Personen liegen, welche durch die Universität Wien und den Handel nach Wien gekommen sind, sowie jene jüdische Personen die sich der jüdischen Wiener Gemeinde angeschlossen haben, werde ich spezifisch untersuchen. Diese drei Personengruppen waren jeweils einer anderen Gerichtsbarkeit unterordnet, welche. Dadurch wird das Zusammenleben in der mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien grundlegend bestimmt. Die Stadt Wien, wird aufgrund der historischen Realität, welche bereits zur Zeit der Habsburger vorherrschte, oft als Schmelztiegel bezeichnet. Dabei bedeutet das Konzept des Schmelztiegels nicht, dass verschiedene Ethnien, Kulturen und/oder Religionen in einen Topf geworfen werden und zu einer neuen Wiener Identität verschmolzen werden, sondern dass Wien Raum bietet für plurikulturelle Konzepte.1 In meiner Arbeit werde ich mich auf das multikulturelle Wien fokussieren, und das Zusammenleben der verschiedenen Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen im mittelalterlichen Wien untersuchen. Da ich selbst väterlicherseits einen Migrationshintergrund habe, hat mich die Frage des Zusammenlebens der unterschiedlichen Ethnien, Kulturen und Religionen Zeit meines Lebens beschäftigt. Nun am Ende meines Studiums, möchte ich mein gesammeltes Wissen nutzen und es konzentriert in dieser Arbeit bündeln, indem ich aufzeige, dass die Bevölkerung der Stadt Wien im Mittelalter ähnliche Sorgen und Ängste hatte wie die Menschen heute. Wer galt als fremd und wer wurde akzeptiert? 1 Gero Fischer, Gernot Heiß, Michael Mitterauer, Hildegard Pruckner und Waltraud Weisch, Vorwort, In: Erich Zöllner, Schmelztiegel Wien. Einst und Jetzt. Zur Geschichte der Zuwanderung und Minderheiten, 2. Verbesserte Auflage (Wien 1993) S.IX Danksagung Ich möchte an dieser Stelle einigen Menschen danken, die an der Entstehung dieser Diplomarbeit maßgeblichen Anteil hatten. Zu aller Erst möchte ich mich bei Frau Ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Meta Niederkorn bedanken, die mich von den ersten Gedanken der Themenfindung, bis hin zum Schreibprozess begleitet hat. Dabei möchte ich Frau Ao. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Meta Niederkorn vor allen Dingen dafür danken, dass sie sich immer wieder Zeit genommen hat um mir Anregungen und Hinweise im Rahmen der Quellen- und Literatursuche zu geben, und mir mit ihrer freundlichen Art helfend zur Seite stand. Des Weiteren möchte ich mich bei meiner Familie bedanken, welche es mir ermöglicht hat zu maturieren und den Weg der akademischen Ausbildung einzuschlagen; besonders möchte ich mich bei meiner alleinerziehenden Mutter Susanne Fries und meiner Großmutter Ingeborg Fries bedanken. Zu guter Letzt möchte ich mich bei meiner Verlobten Mag. Claudia Windhager bedanken, die mir während meines gesamten Studiums als seelische und moralische Stützte Kraft und Auftrieb gegeben, mich in schwierigen Zeiten aufgemuntert und stets so gut es ging unterstützt hat. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Forschungsfrage und Zielsetzung ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Aufbau und Gliederung der Arbeit ........................................................................... 1 2 Topographischer Überblick über die Stadt Wien und ihre Entwicklung ................... 4 2.1 Bevölkerungs- und Stadtentwicklung Wiens ............................................................. 5 2.2 Wiener Wappen .................................................................................................... 10 3 Überblick über die Geschichte Wiens ................................................................... 12 3.1 Wien in der Urzeit ................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Wien in der Römerzeit ........................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Vita Sancti Severini .................................................................................................................. 18 3.3 Wien vom 5. Jahrhundert bis zum 12. Jahrhundert ................................................. 22 3.3.1 Awaren .................................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 Karolinger und Ungarn ............................................................................................................ 26 3.3.3 Babenberger ............................................................................................................................ 27 3.4 Wien vom 12. Jahrhundert bis zum 16. Jahrhundert ............................................... 27 3.4.1 Tauschvertrag von Mautern .................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Privilegium minus .................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.3 Wien wird Residenzstadt ......................................................................................................... 30 3.4.4 Der letzte Babenberger, das Interregnum und die Habsburger .............................................. 34 4 Einteilung der Epoche Mittelalter ........................................................................ 40 5 Definition einer mittelalterlichen Stadt ................................................................ 44 5.1 Besonderheit einer mittelalterlichen Stadt ............................................................. 47 5.2 Mittelalterliche Städtetypen .................................................................................. 49 5.3 Recht und Gerechtigkeit in der mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien ................................... 50 6 Stadt und Land .................................................................................................... 53 6.1 Räumliche und wirtschaftliche Trennung vom Umland ........................................... 53 6.1.1 Die Zunft in der mittelalterlichen Stadt.................................................................................... 56 6.1.2 Interaktion zwischen Stadt und Umland .................................................................................. 57 7 Das Stadtgebiet der mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien ................................................ 61 7.1 Abgrenzung des Stadtgebietes ................................................................................ 61 7.2 Das Wiener Umland ............................................................................................... 62 8 Bevölkerungsgruppen in der mittelalterlichen Stadt Wien .................................... 64 8.1 Einwohnergruppen ................................................................................................. 66 8.1.1 Bürgertum in Wien ................................................................................................................... 67 8.1.2 Inwohner .................................................................................................................................. 69 8.1.3 Geistlichkeit .............................................................................................................................. 69 8.1.4 Universität
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