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THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOMALIA: CASE STUDY - PUNTLAND STATE OF SOMALIA BY YUSUF MOHAMUD MOHAMED BEC/20015/82/DF A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND APPLIED STATISTICS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AWARD OF BACHELOR DEGREE IN ECONOMICS OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DECEMBER, 2011 DECLARATION I YUSUF MOHAMUD MOHAMED declare that this report on the "Role of livestock in Economic Development in Puntaland State of Somali" is entirely my own effort and has never been submitted to any other academic institution for any form of award. Name: YUSUF MOHAMUD MOHAMED BEC/20015/82/DF IZ- ,..zol,\ Signatu~ Date: .......................- t>ec .. 11 APPROVAL This report on the "Role of livestock in Economic Development in Puntland State of Somali" has been supervised by me and is due for submission. Supervisor: Dr. ABUGA MOKONO ISAAC Signature: lll DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work, to my beloved parents Shiekh Mohamud Sheikh Mohamed and Mrs Foos Alinur Mohamed, my brother Bashir Sheikh Mohamud and My sister Maryama Sheikh Mohamud and my Love Hafsa Abdirahman Abshir for their wonderful contribution in my academic career. May the Almighty reward You Abundantly! ,, < lV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe my gratitude to all those who financially, academically and expressively contributed in the carrying out this research. My special appreciation goes to my supervisor Dr. Abuga who diligently corrected and guided me, thanks for the good criticisms, patience and . understanding. Special appreciation goes to all the lecturers who imparted professionalism into this work. Thanks a great deal. I cannot fail to acknowledge my dear parents My mum Foos Alinur Mohamed and my father Sheikh Mohamud Sheikh Mohamed. And my sister Maryama Sheikh and my elder brother Bashir Sheikh, my beloved aunts Maryan Jama Warfaa and Canab Alinur for their prayers and great contribution in my academic career. I would like to thank the staff of Ministry of Agriculture and Environment in Puntland state Somalia and special thanks go to the chairman of Executive director Mohamed Abdullahi who was co-operative and provided me with all the necessary information and also allowing me to access to the government resource and their report files. Special thanks owed to my dear friends Mrs Hafsa Abdirihman Abshir, Jama Abdi Bulshale, Deeqo Bashir Bulxan, Mohamed Abdi Canqari, Bahjo Cabdishakuur Cosmaan, Najib Ahmed Ali, Burhan Jama Yusuf and my all class mates for their moral, spiritual and academic support during my stay at the University. It was nice studying together. Finally, I greatly appreciate all my respondents for their great contribution towards the accomplishment of this work, without which I would have managed through. May Allah Reward you abundantly. V TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ii APPROVAL iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LlST OF TABLES X LlST OF FIGURES xi LlST OF ACRONYMS xii ABSTRACT xiii CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1.0 Background of the study 1 1.1.1 Historical Background 1 1.1.2 Theoretical Backgroud 3 1.1.3 Conceptual Background 3 1.1.4 Contextual Background 4 1.2 Problem Statement 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study 5 1.4 Objectives of the Study 5 1.5 Research Question 5 1.6.0 Scope of the Study 5 1.6.1 Geographical Scope 5 1.6.2 Content Scope 6 Vl 1.6.3 Time Scope 6 1. 7 Significance of the Study 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REWEIW 7 2.0 Introduction 7 2.1 Theoretical Framework 7 2.1.1 Adam Smith's Theory of Economic Development 7 2.1.2 David Ricardo's Theory of Economic Development 9 2.1.3 Keynesian Theory of Social Economic Development 11 2.2 Conceptual Framework 12 2.3 Review of Related Literature 13 2.3.1 Various components of Livestock in Puntland 13 2.3.2 Growth Trends of livestock in Puntland 15 2.3.3 The Role of Livestock in improving Standard of Living of people 17 2.3.4 The role of livestock in Economic Development of Puntland 18 2.3.5 Problems facing livestock of Puntland 20 2.3.5.1 Policy and Institutional Setup 21 2.3.5.2 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION 22 2.3.5.3 LIVESTOCK HEAL TH 23 2.3.5.5 LIVESTOCK MARKETING AND TRADE 23 2.3.5.6 Cyclical drought problems 30 CHAPTER THREE: __ METHODOLOGY 32 3.0 Introduction 32 3.1 Research design 32 3.2 Research area 32 3.3 Research population 32 3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique 33 Vil 3.5 Data Collection Methods 33 3.6 Source of Data 34 3.7 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 34 3.7.1 VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT 34 3.7.2 RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT 34 3.7 Data Analysis 35 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATIONS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS OF THE FINDINGS 4.0 Introduction 36 4.1 Demographic Distribution of the Respondents 36 4.1.1 Gender Distribution of the Respondents 36 4.1.2 Age of Respondents 37 4.1.2 Marital Status of the respondents 38 4.1.3 Types of Livestock Owned by the Respondents 39 4.1.4 Number of Livestock owned 4·1 4.2 The Relationship between livestock husbandry and standard of living 42 4.3 The relationship between livestock and economic development 44 4.4 Measure to improve Livestock farming in Puntland State of Somalia 48 4.5 Problems facing livestock husbandry in Puntland State of Somalia 49 CHAPTER FIVE 52 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52 5.0 Introduction 52 5.1.0 Summary of the Findings 52 5.1.lLivestock in Improvihg Standard of Living 52 5.1.2 The relation between livestock and Economic development 53 5.1.3 Problems facing livestock husbandry in Puntland State of Somalia 53 5.2Conclusion 53 Vlll 5.3 Recommendations 54 5.3.1 Recommendations for Future Research 55 REFERENCES 57 APPENDIX A: Questionnaire 58 APPENDIX B: Interview for Livestock Agency staff 62 IX LIST OF TABLES List of Tables Table 1: Estimated numbers of livestock in Puntland ................................................................ 15 Table 2: Gender Distribution of the Responde ....................................................................... .36 Table 3:Marital Status of the Respondents .............................................................................. .37 Table 4: Age Distribution of the Respondents ......................................................................... 37 Table 5: Types of Livestock Owned by the Respondents ............... :········· .. ················· ................. 40 Table6: Number of Livestock owned .............................................................................................. 41 Table?: livestock husbandry improve standard of living of the people.......................................... .42 Table 8: The role of livestock husbandry in economic development.. ......................................... 44 Table9: Measure used to improve Livestock husbandry ............................................................. ..48 Table 10: Problems Facing Livestock husbandry in Puntland ..................................................... .49 X LIST OF FIGURES List of Figures Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the study ......................................... : ... :................... 13 Figure 2: Gender Distribution of the Respondents ........................................................ 36 Figure 3: Age Distribution of the Respondents .............................................................. 37 Figure 4: Types of Livestock Owned by the Responde!lts ............................................. 40 Figure 5: Number of Livestock owned ........................................................................... ..41 Figure 6: livestock husbandry improve standard of living of the people ....................... 42 Xl LIST OF ACRONYMS CEO Chief Executive Officer GDP Gross Domestic Product KIU Kampala International University NGOs Non Government Organizations UN United Nations UNCTAD United Notation Conference on trade development UNDP United Nations Development Programme EU European Union SLSS Somalia Livestock Sector Strategy CAHW Community Animal Health Worker FAO Food and Agriculture Organization KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia PULPA Puntland United Livestock Professionals Association CINS Cooperazione Italiana Nor Sud FASU Food Security Assessment Unit TLU Tropical Livestock Unit USDA United States Department of Agriculture Xll ABSTRACT The study on the "the role of live stock husbandry in economic development" was carried out in Puntland State of Somalia, with specific aims of; examining the role of Livestock; in improving people's standard of living; improving the economic development of Puntland State of Somalia and tracing the challenges and problems facing livestock husbandry in Puntland State of Somalia. A review of related literature was carried out on already existing information on the specific aims of this study as a way of comprehending the problem and enriching and supplementing the study findings. This was through quantitative and qualitative research designs under which questionnaires and interviews were administered to a sample of 41 respondents who were both randomly and purposively selected. The findings of the study indicated that, there are various components of livestock in Puntland such as Goat, Sheep, Cattle and Camel, the study also indicated that the livestock husbandry can improve the standard of living of the people. The study findings also show that there is direct relationship between livestock husbandry and economic development of Puntland State of Somalia. Since the livestock is the major driver of the economy and it's directly or indirectly related to the economy of Puntland State of Somalia. However the researcher also
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