SEPT–OCT 2011, VOLUME 104, NUMBER 1

OUR FUNDS HAVE A RECORD WORLD OLD THE IN BEES … CARTA MAGNA … 2040 FORECASTING … PAST THE FROM POSTCARDS … LABS URBAN LIKE A BROKEN RECORD.

TIAA-CREF: Lipper’s Best Overall Large Fund Company1 three years in a row. For the first time ever. How? Our disciplined investment strategy aims to produce competitive risk-adjusted returns that create long-term value for you. Just what you’d expect from a company that’s created to serve and built to perform. Learn more about our unprecedented, award-winning performance at TIAA.org/Perform

BUILT TO PERFORM. CREATED TO SERVE.

1 The Lipper Award is given to the group with the lowest average decile ranking of three years’ Consistent Return for eligible funds over the three-year period ended 11/30/12, 11/30/13, and 11/30/14 respectively. TIAA-CREF was ranked among 36 fund companies in 2012 and 48 fund companies in 2013 and 2014 with at least five equity, five bond, or three mixed-asset portfolios. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For current performance and rankings, please visit the Research and Performance section on tiaa-cref.org. TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, Teachers Personal Investors Services, Inc., and Nuveen Securities, LLC, members FINRA and SIPC, distribute securities products. ©2015 Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America–College Retire- ment Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF), 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017. C24849B 1 Consider investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully The Lipper Awards are based on a review of 36 companies’ 2012 and 48 companies’ 2013 and 2014 risk-adjusted performance. before investing. Go to tiaa-cref.org for product and fund prospectuses that contain this and other information. Read carefully before investing. 2015 FALL TIAA-CREF funds are subject to market and other risk factors.

NOV–DEC 2014, VOLUME 107, NUMBER 2

150925_TIAA-CREF_Chicago.indd 1 10/8/15 9:49 AM LANDMARK GIFT Pearson Family Foundation donates $100 million, creating institute to confront global conflicts

At a time of heightened global violence, as war and political persecution drive the largest displacement of refugees and migrants since World War II, the University of Chicago has received a $100 million gift to establish The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts and The Pearson Global Forum, which will annually convene preeminent international policy leaders and scholars to ensure the regular exchange of ideas, and to maximize the potential for positive change by also bringing together participants from a variety of sectors concerned with global conflicts. The Pearson Institute will be housed at the Harris School of Public Policy. The landmark gift from The Thomas L. Pearson and The Pearson Family Members Foundation is equal in size to the second-largest gift in the University’s history.

Daniel Diermeier, dean of the Harris School of Public Policy and Emmett Dedmon Professor of Public Administration, speaks at the University’s Mandel Hall on September 30, where more than 1,100 faculty, students, alumni, trustees, and dignitaries gathered for the announcement of The Pearson Institute. Above, brothers Thomas L. Pearson and Timothy R. Pearson on campus.

CAMPAIGN.UCHICAGO.EDU Features 24 PROVING GROUND UChicago’s Urban Labs turn promising ideas for helping cities into hard evidence of what works. By Maya Dukmasova FALL 2015 VOLUME 108, NUMBER 1 30 DÉJÀ VIEWS Historical postcards capture UChicago as it was and as it wanted to be seen. By Laura Demanski, AM’94

32 FUTURE TENSE As UChicago celebrates 125 years, campus experts predict what discoveries, challenges, and new questions the next quarter century will bring.

44 CHARTERED PHILANTHROPY As the historic document turns 800, David M. Rubenstein, JD’73, reflects on preserving a Magna Carta in the United States. By Laura Demanski, AM’94

48 SWEET HONEY IN THE ROCKS The history of beekeeping stretches back centuries, the director of the Oriental Institute discovered when a hobby turned into a scholarly pursuit. By Gil J. Stein, as told to Lydialyle Gibson

Departments 3 EDITOR’S NOTES Back to the future: Prospect and retrospect. By Laura Demanski, AM’94

4 LETTERS Readers discuss the University’s policy on freedom of expression; add personal recollections of chemist Harold Urey; celebrate professor Robert Morrissey, PhD’82, and the University’s Center in Paris; respond to other readers’ letters; and more.

11 UCHICAGO JOURNAL Dean John W. Boyer’s (AM’69, PhD’75) history of the University; the Renaissance Society turns 100; law professor Craig Futterman fights for police transparency; the University partners to increase access to level I trauma care; Alisa Miller, MBA’99, MPP’99, talks about improving diversity in media coverage; graduate students bring hands-on STEM education to the South Side; Robert Behar, LAB’81, AB’83, MD’87, MBA’11, shares why he gives back to the College; and more.

22 COURSE WORK As the University looks In political scientist Monika Nalepa’s game theory course, students learn how back on 125 years, voters play around with political participation. By Helen Gregg, AB’09 campus leaders look 53 PEER REVIEW ahead to the 150th Noteworthy alumni accomplishments and fresh-off-the-presses books. anniversary. See Plus: Alumni News, Deaths, and Classifieds. “Future Tense,” page 32. Illustration 84 LITE OF THE MIND by Gonçalo Viana. Meet and tweet. By Carrie Golus, AB’91, AM’93

See the full print issue of the University of Chicago Magazine, web-exclusive content, and links to our Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, SFI-01042 and Tumblr accounts at mag.uchicago.edu.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 1 Construction is under way on the Campus North Residential Commons at 55th Street and University Avenue. The College residence hall, designed by Studio Gang architects, is slated to open in fall 2016. For more on Campus North, see “Continuing Education,” page 21. photography by robert kozloff robert by photography EDITORˆS NOTES

Back to the future BY LAURA DEMANSKI, AM’94

Volume 108, Number 1, Fall 2015 executive editor Mary Ruth Yoe editor Laura Demanski, AM’94 associate editor Lydialyle Gibson art director Guido Mendez his fall, the University cel - alumni news editor Helen Gregg, AB’09 ebrates 125 years of inquiry senior copy editor Rhonda L. Smith student interns Hannah Gitlin, ’16; and impact that began with James Mackenzie, ’16 its incorporation on Sep- graphic designer Laura Lorenz tember 10, 1890. A packed lite of the mind & interactive slate of campus events and content editor Joy Olivia Miller contributing editors John Easton, a quasquicentennial page AM’77; Carrie Golus, AB’91, AM’93; on the University’s website Brooke E. O’Neill, AM’04; Amy (125.uchicago.edu) offer Braverman Puma ways to remember and cel- Editorial Office The University of Chicago ebrate. At the Magazine, we Magazine, 5235 South Harper Court, Suite looked back and ahead: back with a se- 500, Chicago, IL 60615. telephone lection of vintage UChicago postcards 773.702.2163; fax 773.702.8836; T (“Déja Views,” page 30), and ahead by In College dean John W. Boyer’s email [email protected]. The Magazine is sent to all University of asking faculty and other campus leaders (AM’69, PhD’75) reflections on the Chicago alumni. The University of Chicago to predict the state of their fields in the prospects for liberal arts education, Alumni Association has its offices at University’s 150th year. Our cover illus- UChicago’s past decodes its future. Boy- 5235 South Harper Court, 7th Floor, Chicago, IL 60615. telephone 773.702.2150; trator, Gonçalo Viana, brought past and er’s essay comes as the ink is barely dry fax 773.702.2166. address changes future together, imagining a new use for in his years-in-the-making The University 800.955.0065 or [email protected]. an old technology of remembering, the of Chicago: A History, which you can read web mag.uchicago.edu View-Master. Readers of my genera- about in “Past and Present,” page 12. The University of Chicago Magazine tion may feel a double pang of nostalgia. (ISSN-0041-9508) is published quarterly When we first asked campus ex- FOND FAREWELL (Fall, Winter, Spring, Summer) by the perts to forecast the next 25 years in Associate editor Lydialyle Gibson University of Chicago in cooperation their fields, we had trouble forecast- has moved on from the University to with the Alumni Association, 5555 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. ing their reactions to our request. In start a new chapter at Harvard Maga- Published continuously since 1907. an unpredictable and rapidly changing zine. For ten years, Lydia graced our Periodicals postage paid at Chicago and world, who would be gutsy enough to pages with indelible stories about additional mailing offices.postmaster go on record about new developments ideas and—especially—the people Send address changes to The University of Chicago Magazine, Alumni Records, 5235 a quarter of a century from now? behind them. She served as coeditor South Harper Court, Chicago, IL 60615. UChicago thinkers, natch. Twen- of UChicago Journal and managed © 2015 University of Chicago. ty-two scholars went out on that limb our Metcalf interns. But most of all, (see “Future Tense,” page 32). Com- Lydia wrote. Her award-winning National Advertising Representative Ross Garnick, telephone 212.724.0906; puter science professor Andrew Chien story about organismal biology pro- email [email protected] glimpses a future where computing is fessor Michael LaBarbera and his me- viewed as a science and an art. Global- nagerie of marine animals, “A Life ization and migration will influence Aquatic” (Mar–Apr/14), delved into the spread of religion and languages what made LaBarbera such a percep - in particular ways, predict the Divin- tive observer of the mysterious crea- ity School’s Richard A. Rosengarten, tures he studied and taught about. Part AM’88, PhD’94, and linguist Salikoko of it, she concluded, was his ability to Mufwene, PhD’79. The Law School’s get inside their skin—or carapace— Geoffrey R. Stone, JD’71, is confident and see the world as they do. Lydia’s about which recent Supreme Court stories do the same. We’ll miss her in campaign.uchicago.edu case will be overturned by 2040. these pages. ◆

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 3 T:7.5” S:6.4375”

ronment—pleas for civility, without stated procedures for enforcement— LETTERS begs a deeper question about Universi- ty policy: should students be admitted and retained who cannot be trusted to tolerate the kinds of robust debate Pride and principles and practice the civility to which the Allow me to preface this letter with a confession: I haven’t always been proud of University is committed? Or rather, my alma mater. Not of masochistic students embracing the school’s complicity in are survivors of personal trauma or Invest In the murder of fun. Nor when meeting fellow alums who haven’t quite integrated disrespected group identity entitled into civilized society. And never during Scav. I was like Charlton Heston inPlan - to special accommodations? et of the Apes. A man—not an animal —curiously out of step. But those moments Daniel Hoffman, AB’63 pale when compared to the overwhelming sense of pride I felt upon reading about charlotte, north carolina What Lasts the Chicago Principles (“Opening Inquiry,” July–Aug/15). The University’s un- wavering support for free expression Your piece on the Chicago Principles How do you pass down what you’ve spent your Freedom’s kindling is is everything it should be. for free expression on campus left me life building up? A Morgan Stanley Financial How rotten has the climate got- wondering about the limits the draft- Advisor can help you create a legacy plan based ten on college campuses? Well, for ing committee sees for those princi- speech. The more of it, on the values you live by. So future generations one thing, proclamations like this ples in two related regards. the freer we are. are much too rare. There’s no place First, the committee appears to can benefit from not just your money, but also for trigger warnings, hurt feelings, imagine the “freedom to debate and your example. Let’s have that conversation. and sensitivity when promoting the free exchange of ideas. In a year when car- discuss” as a commitment to some- toonists were killed for the unforgivable crime of satire, these principles have thing that largely resembles academic morganstanley.com/legacy particular resonance. Freedom of expression is worth defending without mealy- debate. But this sort of reasoned “free mouthed qualifications or post hoc “contextualizing.” For a school that famously and open discussion of ideas” is only champions the theoretical, it’s heartening to see an affirmation with a practical part of the larger spectrum of protect- purpose. Freedom’s kindling is speech. The more of it, the freer we are. The ed, and vital, speech in a democracy. University of Chicago remains a beacon of open discourse. As an alumnus, I’m What of more raucous forms of protest delighted. And as an American, I’m thankful. and civil disobedience? Sit-ins, march-

Oliver Mosier, AB’08 es, street theater, even—at the outer- S:8.825” astoria, new york most extreme—riots? These are often T:10” the forms of protest that the less pow- erful use (because they sometimes must) to challenge those in power, Inquiry, opened The pursuit of diversity, in view- who would prefer an armchair debate The report of the Committee on points as well as demographic back- to a massed protest crowd. They may Freedom of Expression exhibits both grounds, is conducive to robust not be civil, nor always be reasonable, the strengths and the weaknesses of debate, but also makes it more likely but they are one of the ways those who classical liberal legalism. It stoutly that some will have difficulty tolerat- are denied the chance to have a quiet defends an ideal free marketplace of ing others’ viewpoints. The report’s academic discussion sometimes must ideas, while leaving room for several rather casual response to student con- assert their own voices. To be sure, undefined exceptions and failing to cerns about an inclusive and safe envi- the balance required to nurture both recognize the institutional inequali- ties that already distort that market- place. In this regard, it resembles the Supreme Court’s fantastical perfor- mance in Citizens United. In the face of nationwide debate, the report affirms the status quo. The University administration will continue to determine what conduct miller olivia joy by photography expresses a debatable idea and what constitutes a genuine threat, an un- justifiable invasion of confidentiality, or an undue disruption of ordinary activities. It will still decide which speakers and programs are worthy of University hospitality and support. We must trust in the administration’s expertise, lack of bias, and immunity to pressure from financial donors. © 2015 Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC. Member SIPC. CRC 1134840 04/15

4 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015

151112_MorganStanley_Chicago.indd 1 9/21/15 2:01 PM principal groups—students—that can I decided to brush up LETTERS readily build larger social movements. The Chicago Principles do a fine my high school French job of protecting universities and the and walked into speech they shelter if one sees univer- protest and dialogue is a difficult one, sities solely as academic protectors a classroom run but both have real claims to be valu- of dialogue. But they do not clearly able speech. What weight do the prin- attend to more disruptive forms of by one of the most ciples give protests of this sort? protest and challenge, nor consider energetic, persuasive Second, it is hard to miss the prin- the ways those challenges might be di- ciples’ injunction against speech that rected against universities or the way teachers I’d ever met. is “directly incompatible with the larger disruptive challenges to social functioning of the University.” The power structures can take form with- other exceptions to speech protec- in academic communities and spill out tions sound in the familiar territory into the larger polity. A full account Rapping, had taken him to protests ... of First Amendment law, but this is a of academic speech should bear in since he was small. ... ‘She taught her novel carve out. Fair enough, if one mind that there is another rich thread son to have a healthy dose of skepticism thinks of the University largely as a of discussion and protest here—a line about authority.’” And it might have vessel for speech that must be protect- that runs through Kent State and links been noted that Mr. Rapping’s mother ed in order to carry out that function. the anti-Vietnam movement to the an- met his father when she was an under- But what of speech that addresses the tiapartheid movement to today’s cli- graduate at the University of Chicago. University itself as a political entity? mate change divestment movement, David H. Bennett, AM’58, PhD’63 The University of Chicago has a long and others. We should remember that syracuse, new york and sometimes fraught history as an a great many moves toward greater entity itself in relation to the neigh- justice have begun, or taken strength, The writer is correct. Our story failed borhoods around it, as well as to the from student movements. That tradi- to mention both that Rapping’s father larger national and global scene. Do tion, too, is an inheritance of the great was a University of Chicago alumnus the principles, now being adopted by universities. and that his mother, Elayne Rapping, other universities, work to wall off the Craig Segall, AB’04 EX’63, attended the College. We regret universities themselves as targets and sacramento, california the oversights. sources of legitimate protest? These questions arise from the Family connection Library land dual tradition of speech on campus. “Criminal Injustice”(July–Aug/15) The use of Chicago Park District As academic institutions, universi- provides a fine description of the ex- land in any amount for a presidential ties do, indeed, carry forward a role traordinary work of Jonathan Rap- library should never have been consid- as guarantors of free speech and open ping, AB’88, the founder of Gideon’s ered (“Bringing It Home,” UChicago discourse by their members. Here, it Promise and the driving force behind Journal, July–Aug/15), and the Uni - is paramount to protect the rights of the effort to strengthen the public de- versity of Chicago should be ashamed all speakers on campus. But as politi- fender system in the United States. of its role in this maneuver to build cal and economic actors embedded, It might have been noted that Jona- itself up while encroaching upon this inevitably, in landscapes of privilege than Rapping is the son of Leonard A. precious gift to the people of Chicago and power, universities as institutions Rapping, AM’59, PhD’61. Leonard, from an earlier generation of leaders are not immune from challenge; on the a brilliant man and a distinguished who were, in this regard, more civic contrary, they are remarkably power- economist, a warm and wonderful minded than selfish. Whatever ben- ful shapers of discourse, economic and friend, died in 1991. efits to the community might result racial mobility, and national policy. The author writes that Jonathan from this library could surely have Too, they are the home of one of the Rapping’s “activist mother, Elayne been achieved without the expropria- tion of public open land already in BLAST FROM THE PAST short supply in this city. Joan Davis Levin, AB’58, JD’72 chicago In the June/96 issue of the University of Chicago Magazine, there is an interesting article on the La vie en Paris Oriental Institute Museum. It is only marred by Excavating unread periodicals from a a reference to Chicago’s “pendulous weather living room littered with sports equip- extremes.” Need I point out that weather does ment, Harry Potter books, and assorted not swing like a pendulum? Or hang down? software (working parents will under- More colorful writing, yes, but not like this! stand), I came across the Jan–Feb/15 Lexicographically yours, Magazine and was delighted to find Leah Spilberg Joseph, AB’39, AM’40, Philip M. Semrau’s (AB’85, AM’85) Oct–Dec/96 letter about Robert Morrissey, PhD’82,

6 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 and the University’s outpost in Paris. Schmitt, SM’50, PhD’53, refers to Institute of Technology and IIT Re- It is because of Morrissey that I, the many University of Chicago stu- search Institute in Chicago. after nearly two decades of mostly dents and postdocs who, in their later The spectra that we obtained were pleasant meandering far from the careers, were involved in the study of elegant and fascinating. The presence French language (which remained lunar samples. He mentions several, of small amounts of metallic iron in demurely tucked away in my drawer including George Wetherill, PhB’48, the lunar samples showed up as a quite of parlor tricks), moved to France to SB’49, SM’51, PhD’53; Gerald Wass- characteristic symmetric pattern of work for a United Nations outpost erburg, SB’51, SM’52, PhD’54; Samuel six absorption lines widely spread out in Geneva and later ended up in my Epstein; and George Reed Jr., PhD’52. beyond most other absorption. And to current position as a UN translator. I was also a member of that merry our delight, the mineral ilmenite, an (To preempt an oft-asked question, company, as a principal investiga- iron titanium oxide that we had stud - translators write; interpreters speak.) tor analyzing the first returned lunar ied earlier and that is relatively rare Morrissey doesn’t know it, but he set samples from Apollo 11 using what was on Earth, showed up in many lunar things rolling. then the relatively new technique of samples, not only the rocks but also Sometime during my second year at Mössbauer spectrometry. Wow, was the fines (the lunar dust or regolith). Chicago, I decided to brush up my high that exciting, to be holding an actual We were all grateful to Harold school French and walked into a class- piece of our moon in my own hot little Urey and others who convinced the room run by one of the most energetic, hand (very carefully, of course, so as US Congress and NASA to support persuasive teachers I’d ever met. That not to contaminate or damage it). the analysis of lunar samples with all was Morrissey, of course. Whatever he In advance of the return of samples, available techniques. was teaching had to be the most study- we had developed a new approach, Caroline Herzenberg, SM’55, PhD’58 worthy subject on the planet. I ulti- Mössbauer scattering spectrometry, chicago mately declared my major as French. so that if only a very few samples of During the long years of parenting lunar rocks were returned, we could Population control three young children, when reading still study and analyze them com - Since College I have been taken by a page of the newspaper was a feat, pletely nondestructively. Fortunate- how the Christian notion of an apoca- I fantasized about returning to the ly, the Apollo 11 astronauts brought lypse has maintained its emotional volumes of Montaigne and Proust back many samples, so various types force in an increasingly secular age. It sitting patiently on my shelves— of analysis were used in many labora- may well be that the Reverend Thom- and now, with my oldest (fluent in tories, including mine at the Illinois as Malthus significantly contributed French, croissants, and steak frites, and itching to reform the US political system—bon courage!) applying to the College this fall, I feel that some loose ends are about to be tied up. Neither the article “Paris à dix ans” (UChicago Journal, Nov–Dec/14) nor Phil’s letter mentioned one of Mor- rissey’s major achievements, which doubtless contributed to his receiving the Legion of Honor medal from the French government: ARTFL (artfl -project.uchicago.edu), a consortium- based service that provides its mem- bers with access to North America’s World-Class Executive Education largest collection of digitized French resources. When ARTFL got off the ground in 1982, the idea of being able to search text corpora in sophisticated ways was novel for the average reader. Executive Education at Brown Programs Include: Today, of course, we take such things Executive Master’s degrees at Brown prepare Executive Master of Healthcare Leadership for granted, but Morrissey deserves you to lead transformation and build IE Brown Executive MBA credit for his vision, back then, of a lifelong network of colleagues. Launching 2016: what was possible. Executive Master in Cybersecurity Talvi Laev, AB’84 ferney-voltaire, france Executive Master in Science and Technology Leadership

Over the moon In his recollections and discussion of Harold Urey in his letter to the edi- brown.edu/professional tor (Letters, July–Aug/15), Roman

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 7 are five billion too many people on of taking care of some of our most in- LETTERS this planet” rather than a more neutral tractable contemporary political is- “current estimates suggest that a glob- sues such as funding public pensions al population of around 2.5 billion is and, as most occur toward the end of the maximum the planet can sustain.” life, the high costs of health care. to this secularization when he pub- The solution to the overpopulation H. Stuart Cunningham, lished “An Essay on the Principle of problem is implied: let’s get rid of fi ve AB’64, MBA’68 Population” in 1798. By using avail- billion people, the quicker the better. warrenville, illinois able data to buttress his arguments on Almost 70 years before Malthus, the sustainable limits to population, he irrepressible Reverend Jonathan Swift Jane R. and Stefan P. Shoup refer to employed scientifi c reasoning rather published his “A Modest Proposal an estimate made by David Pimentel than references to scripture. Al- for Preventing the Children of Poor of Cornell University that “there though the specifi cs of his argument People from Being a Burden to Their are five billion too many people on have been discredited, the general Parents, or the Country, and for Mak- this planet.” That caught my eye and claim of human population being sub- ing Them Benefi cial to the Publick.” started me thinking. ject to natural limits remains logically Swift was rather more open in his pro- Just as the Reverend Thomas Mal- appealing. However, while the spe- posal than the Shoups. However, their thus was wrong, who knows or can re- cifi cs of contemporary discussions on concern for “a meaningful future for liably predict how many are too many? those limits differ from Malthus they our children” suggests that Swift’s pro- Science has a way of fi nding ways to inevitably remind the reader of an im- posal needs to be revised for our times. extend that number. However, most pending apocalypse if the suggestions Swift concentrated on the lamb end people would agree that at some point presented are not followed. of the spectrum. Perhaps the Shoups there is a maximum number, whatever A good example is the recent let- could have “A Modest Proposal” re- it may be (to use an extreme example, ter from Jane R. Shoup, PhD’65, and vised to concentrate on the mutton when people have to stand on others Stefan P. Shoup, AM’64 (Letters, end of the population. Such an ap- just to have a foothold). Science fi c- July–Aug/15). They decry attempts to proach would provide an appealingly tion readers, such as I, have hoped solve the growing water problem and straightforward way to attain a popu- this conundrum could be solved by suggest the money would be better lation sustainable within the limits sending many representatives of spent reducing demand. In describing of the planet as we currently imagine Homo sapiens to the stars. Maybe that the problem the Shoups write, “there them. It would have the added benefi ts will eventually happen, but economi-

CONGRATULATIONS TO THE NEW MEMBERS OF THE ALUMNI BOARD OF GOVERNORS

Jenna Beletic Cheryl Cortez Paul Rockey Rebecca Stein AB’07, MBA’14 LAB’92, MBA’03 MD’70 AB’93

The University of Chicago Alumni Board of Governors fosters a shared sense of community by representing, engaging, and celebrating the University’s worldwide alumni.

alumniandfriends.uchicago.edu/abg

8 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 cally and technologically it is probably a long way off. SOCIAL UCHICAGO Thus, for argument’s sake, let’s assume there is a finite number of Dr. John Mayer @drjohnmayer • Oct 21 people in the world who can be ParentTip: #Mathphobia in kids? Try this: Bedtime math sustained, whatever that number might stories! Yes, really! http://mag.uchicago.edu/law-policy be, and that it may not be that far in the -society/mind-body-problem future (a few hundred or thousands of years). The question is then how we Gene Killian @genethelawyer • Oct 19 maintain that number, and I have no The first Heisman winner graduated from ... where? answer. http://mag.uchicago.edu/university-news/genius Abortion might be one way, but -gridiron I find that morally reprehensible because at some point, at least in UChicagoAlumni @uchicagoalumni • Oct 15 my view, a fetus becomes a person. Life of the mind lives on. Alumni can access I do not pretend to know at what 1000s of journal articles for free: http://guides point in a human pregnancy this .lib.uchicago.edu/alumni #lifelonglearning becomes so. Contraception is another (via @UChicagoMag) possibility, but what if people choose not to observe that solution? Many Dr. Janelle Peters @JanellePeters • Oct 9 people want to produce progeny to “Thaler: Most of my tweets are really retweets.” Amen. perpetuate their personal genetic http://mag.uchicago.edu/university-news code. China has tried the one child /power-tweeters solution, but that doesn’t work either (on a trip to China people with whom I UChicago Global @UChiGlobal • Sept 23 spoke told me how easy it was to evade Afua Osei, MBA’13, MPP’13, launched @SheLeadsAfrica— that rule—“we had twins,” even an accelerator for early-stage women-led companies though these ‘twins’ were several http://mag.uchicago.edu/economics-business years apart in age). /continent-possibility However, assuming governments could not only find a reliable way to Alec Michod @AlecMichod • Sept 13 regulate births, but could also enforce Norman Maclean’s brilliant essay about Albert it, then what? Many economists Michelson, “Billiards Is a Good Game” is online. believe that if a country’s birthrate http://mag.uchicago.edu/science-medicine/billiards is below a certain number per family -good-game (I have seen 2.1 and 2.2 children per family used a number of times, and Andrew Flowers @AndrewFlowers • Aug 26 most developed economies are well I’m very proud of my alma mater, @UChicago, below that today) there will not be for their stance on free expression: http://mag.uchicago enough people of working age to .edu/university-news/opening-inquiry sustain a gross national product needed to support its population, and as people Social UChicago is a sampling of social media mentions of recent stories in live longer this number has to increase. the print and online editions of the Magazine and other University of Chicago Do we sanction euthanasia of the publications. To join the Twitter conversation, follow us @UChicagoMag. older population? I find this equally reprehensible, and as a member of the 70th celebration Commons was misstated. The correct older generation obviously personally Preparations are being made for a address is 6031 South Ellis Avenue. distasteful. What if an attempt is made birthday dinner for Anna Linchev- We regret the error. to control the populations of certain skaya Linden, PhD’05, who taught in national, ethnic, racial, or religious the Slavic Department from 1986 to The University of Chicago Magazine groups? Wars begin over such issues. 1996 and will turn 70 in April 2016. If welcomes letters about its contents or about Of course, wars, lack of food and other you are interested in attending, please the life of the University. Letters for pub- essentials, or plagues might solve the contact me at [email protected] lication must be signed and may be edited problem for us. or at 312.608.5827. for space, clarity, and civility. To provide I don’t have a solution. The phrase Julia Linchevskaya Linden a range of views and voices, we encour- in their letter simply initiated a chain new york city age letter writers to limit themselves to of thoughts and implications. I would 300 words or fewer. Write: Editor, The be interested in other thoughts on this Corrections University of Chicago Magazine, 5235 issue. In “La Vie Est Belle” (the Core, Sum- South Harper Court, Suite 500, Chicago, Peter O. Clauss, AB’55 mer 2015), the address of Renee IL 60615. Or email: uchicago-magazine newtown square, pennsylvania Granville-Grossman Residential @uchicago.edu.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 9 “UCHICAGO HAS BEEN THE CATALYST THAT HAS SPARKED A FIRE, AND AS I GAIN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS, INTERNSHIPS, FRIENDS, AND KNOWLEDGE, I CAN BE A FORCE TO BE RECKONED WITH. ”

—ANTHONY DOWNER, CLASS OF 2017

Photo Rob Hart.

NO BARRIERS creates expanded opportunities for career development and—for the first time in the College—eliminates all loan requirements for students receiving need-based scholarships.

WITH VISION AND CURIOSITY , we are preparing more students to lead in an increasingly complex world. WITH YOUR SUPPORT , the College will continue to foster a vibrant intellectual climate that attracts the most talented students from all backgrounds and offer them the guidance and practical experience to succeed in any career they choose.

FIND OUT MORE ABOUT SUPPORTING THE COLLEGE

campaign.uchicago.edu/mag-college FALL 2015 Harper’s Index, 13 ...... Original Source, 15 ...... Citations, 17 ...... For the Record, 18 ...... Fig. 1, 20

Gabriel Sierra’s 2015 installation at the Renaissance Society, the title of which changed hourly, included suggestions for how visitors could engage with each of the 14 structures or areas.

ART Félix González-Torres, Gabriel Si- the Ren strives to be “a place where art erra, and many more artists who went is not only shown but also discussed,” against the tide. During its centennial says Øvstebø. It doesn’t have a per- season this fall, visitors to the gallery manent collection but devotes its re- Avant guard on the fourth floor of Cobb Hall can sources to giving each artist free range take in Paul McCarthy’s provocative and extensive support. The goal is to For a century, the Renaissance figure sketches; performances by jazz focus less on the art object and more on Society has focused on artists artist Wadada Leo Smith, who com- “what kinds of ideas and discussions and the ideas that inspire them. poses with colors, lines, and shapes; art raises in our society.” and more. The Ren is independent, but being In 1935 the Renaissance Society hosted A show opening in November, Let on campus means continual interac- the first US exhibition of Alexander Us Celebrate While Youth Lingers and tion with students and scholars from Calder’s mobiles. “Something must be Ideas Flow, Archives 1915–2015, presents across disciplines. “We want more wrong,” the exhibition brochure said: artifacts from the Ren’s rich history. voices in the discussion” about each Calder’s work induced smiles. “This is Executive director and chief curator exhibition or event, says Øvstebø, and not the way one usually feels in a room- Solveig Øvstebø wanted the anniver- “we are in a fantastic place for that.” ful of sculpture.” sary lineup to demonstrate both “what In 100 years of bold commissions the Ren is and has been.” For more on the Renaissance and exhibitions, the Ren has shown Founded by UChicago faculty as Society, visit mag.uchicago gabriel sierra, installation view at the renaissance society,work 2015, photography by tom van eynde by Henri Matisse, Jeff Wall, a home for lectures on art and beauty, .edu/rensoc100.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 11 of presidential leadership, from the University’s innovative and deter- mined first president, William Rainey Harper, to the cautious Harry Pratt Judson to the pragmatic realist Law- rence Kimpton. One leader stands out: “If you were to ask me who is the most fascinating character in the book, it’s clearly Hutchins,” Boyer says. Wunderkind Robert Maynard Hutchins was only 30 when he became president in 1929. He made sweeping changes to the administrative struc- ture of the College. He also instituted the “New Plan,” an overhaul of the un- dergraduate program that included five yearlong general education courses. “I sometimes get the sense that Hutchins got up in the morning and The University’s history, Boyer writes, “has been marked by extraordinary said, ‘How can I drive the faculty up continuities of normative values and educational practices.” the wall? What can I do today?’” Boy- er says. “And a great leader has to have that quality, to push boundaries and UNIVERSITY HISTORY the following year, with the start of a challenge the faint of heart, to exert a conversation about revising the Col- kind of natural leadership—Hutchins lege’s storied Core curriculum, Boyer had all of that in spades.” turned to the archives once again. In Boyer starts The University of Chica- Past and the years that followed, he released 17 go: A History with the story of the first monographs on topical issues in the in- University of Chicago, an institution stitution’s history, including fundrais- that collapsed in penury and embar- present ing, the arts, and student housing. rassment in 1886, less than 30 years These monographs were, he ex- after its founding. Harper and a small College dean John W. Boyer turns plains, an exercise in “pragmatic his- cadre of believers, including fundraiser a historian’s eye to the University. tory, an attempt to shed some light on in chief Thomas Goodspeed, resur- the history of this fascinating place, rected the University in 1890 after a In the summer of 1996, Dean John W. from a scholar’s perspective.” long, anxiety-ridden struggle to raise Boyer began what he thought would be And at a certain point, “it became money and recruit faculty. a small summer research project, never kind of fun,” Boyer admits. It makes for a somber beginning to imagining that his efforts would span As the University began celebrating the University’s story, but is, Boyer nearly two decades and result in a new its 125th anniversary this September, argues, an essential reminder of the history of the University of Chicago. the University of Chicago Press pub- contingencies of history and how eas- At the time, the UChicago com- lished Boyer’s The University of Chi- ily today’s University of Chicago might munity was debating an expansion of cago: A History, which knits together never have existed at all. “People like the number of students in the College. his years of research and offers new Harper and Goodspeed were pro - The issue provoked passionate discus- perspectives on the women and men foundly conscious of the fact they were sion among faculty and administrators, who created and sustained the institu- starting on a second chance—that they who turned to Boyer for his opinion. tion. Boyer chronicled the University’s weren’t going to get a third chance.” As dean of the College, “there was no history even while adding his own dis- Risk, he says, has been a hallmark of wiggle room,” recalls Boyer, AM’69, tinguished chapter, with an unprece - the University since its founding. PhD’75. “I needed to have an answer.” dented five terms as dean of the College In his unprecedented tenure as dean,

He spent the summer meticulously and 23 years of service in that role so far. Boyer has developed an intimate per- kozloff robert by photography investigating the University’s ar- Boyer’s research revealed the ebb spective on the history he wrote. De- chives, piecing together the story of and flow of recurring themes in the spite his personal stake in the issues, the College, its evolving size and de- University’s history: debate around “one has to be as objective as possible,” mographics, and its ties to the wider student life and the rigor of the under- Boyer explains. “To write the history, University. Boyer presented his find- graduate experience, the challenges one has to stand on the outside.” ings to the faculty that fall—and even of maintaining financial stability, and Yet he also believes his very close- those who opposed the growth of the efforts to engage more deeply with the ness to the subject affords certain ad- College were grateful for the context. surrounding community and the city. vantages. “I think the best history is a It was never intended as anything But his book is also a study of people history that’s passionate.” more than a one-time endeavor. But and personalities and an exploration —Susie Allen, AB’09

12 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 MEDICINE tal for working collaboratively to meet an important need on the South Side. This partnership will strengthen their WILLIAM long-standing commitment to their RAINEY HARPER’S Critical communities and proves once again why these institutions are an asset to INDEX our great city.” care All three institutions bring signifi - TOUCHDOWN cant experience and expertise to the Sinai Health System and the First-quarter points partnership. Holy Cross Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine allowed by the Maroons which serves many communities, in- during the fi rst six games partner to provide trauma care cluding Englewood, Auburn Gresh- of the football season: services at Holy Cross Hospital am, and Marquette Park, is one of the largest providers of emergency care In a move to create a more compre- in Illinois. Sinai Health System and hensive system of needed trauma and UChicago Medicine run high-volume emergency care for Chicago’s South emergency departments. Sinai Health 0 and Southwest Side communities, System has provided level 1 trauma Average number of points Sinai Health System and the Univer- care for more than 25 years, and UChi- scored per game by the 5–1 sity of Chicago Medicine are part- cago Medicine has had a dedicated lev- Maroons, compared with nering to build and operate a level 1 el 1 pediatric trauma unit at its Comer opponents’ average of 22: adult trauma center and to expand Children’s Hospital as well as a burn emergency services. The new trauma unit for over a decade. center will be at Holy Cross Hospital, Sinai Health System and UChicago part of the Sinai Health System. Holy Medicine have a long-standing col- 29.5 Cross, at 68th Street and California laborative relationship, sharing the Avenue, is near some of the highest care of patients and their communi- Head football coach Chris incidence of trauma ties through both Wilkerson’s career win injury and gun vio- THIS NEW TRAUMA CENTER clinical services and record with the Maroons: lence in the city. dedicated programs Under the Univer- IS A TRUE COMMUNITY AND that promote well- sity of Chicago Med- CIVIC EFFORT. ness and prevention. icine-Sinai Health Both organizations .792 System partnership, Holy Cross will believe collaboration and shared re- UChicago football players sponsibility are critical to addressing renovate and expand its emergency who achieved University department and build a state-of-the-art the overarching health care needs of Athletic Association All- level 1 adult trauma center; UChicago the South and Southwest Sides, espe- Academic honors for 2015: Medicine will provide capital to help cially when it comes to emergency and fund the facility improvements at Holy trauma care and prevention of violence. Cross Hospital, which are estimated “This important opportunity allows to be in the range of $40 million; Sinai us to extend our commitment to invest Health System, which operates a trau- our resources where we can have the 34 ma center at Mount Sinai Hospital, will greatest impact on the critical health Maroons named Southern provide specialists dedicated to trauma needs of our communities,” said UChi- Athletic Association or UAA care along with trauma care support cago Medical Center president Sharon Athletes of the Week so far services; and UChicago Medicine will O’Keefe. “This collaborative partner- this season: provide specialists dedicated to trauma ship, a model for other care providers, care, including general trauma, neuro- leverages our collective experience logical, orthopedic, and plastic sur- and resources to expand access to life- geons; urologists; and others. saving, quality health care for the com-

photography by robert kozloff robert by photography In addition to the new trauma cen- munities we serve.” 4 ter at Holy Cross, UChicago Medicine The approval processes and con- Rushing yards by running plans to increase access to emergency struction are expected to take at least back and second-year services on its Hyde Park campus by two years. Both organizations will use Chandler Carroll during a expanding and building a state-of-the- that time to recruit additional highly Sept. 26 win, breaking a art adult emergency department. trained medical staff, nurses, and 1985 school record by Bruce “This new level 1 adult trauma center other health care professionals. Next Montella, AB’86, MD’90: is a true community and civic effort,” steps also include meetings with com- said Mayor Rahm Emanuel. “I com- munity leaders to develop companion mend the University of Chicago, Sinai community programs focused on well- Health System, and Holy Cross Hospi- ness and prevention. 311

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 13 LAW over false arrests, kidnappings, beat- effort. “You can’t privately agree to ings, and other civil rights violations keep secret what the law requires you by police. to share,” he says. The appellate victory in Kalven v. In late October Futterman and Kal- Share and Chicago, a Freedom of Information Act ven launched an open database to col- lawsuit filed on behalf of Hyde Park lect and organize police misconduct journalist and activist Jamie Kalven information. The database, accessible protect whose success opened up the miscon- at cpdb.co, currently includes 54,581 Craig Futterman and his duct records, was the culmination of a complaints for 8,337 officers during 10-year litigation fi ght for Futterman the periods May 2001 to December students work to make police and his students. But he is careful never 2008 and March 2011 to March 2015— departments more transparent, to call it an ending. “I don’t want to di- records obtained in the Kalven law- starting in Chicago. minish it—this is real reform,” he said suit and by a series of FOIA requests in August 2014, “but by itself it doesn’t fi led in the wake of the decision. Fut- In March 2014 clinical law professor fi x the system. By itself it doesn’t end terman and Kalven plan to add more Craig Fu erman and his students in the abuse; it doesn’t end racism; it doesn’t records as they become public. “Now Law School’s Civil Rights and Police end the police code of silence.” we can have honest conversations with Accountability Project won a stunning Fifteen months later, Futterman is common data sets, common pools of legal victory when an Illinois appel- on the verge of that next step. He and information—the department’s own late court ruled that the Chicago Police his students will return to the court- information,” Futterman says. “This Department’s misconduct records be room to defend the Kalven decision. fundamentally redistributes power.” opened to the public. It was a watershed In December 2014, as city officials The clearinghouse, as Futterman moment. Thousands of documents that prepared to hand over a complete list calls it, allows users to analyze miscon- Futterman and his students had sought, of abuse allegations from 1967 to the duct information by geography—neigh- fi les pertaining to citizen claims of po- present—“a staggering, unprecedent- borhoods, wards, police districts, and lice abuse, were suddenly available for ed amount of information,” Futterman schools—and by category of complaint. anyone to access. They revealed what says—the police offi - Users can see which Futterman called a “broken system” cer advocacy organi- YOU CAN’T PRIVATELY offi cers are implicated that for decades had allowed abusive zation the Fraternal AGREE TO KEEP SECRET together in alleged offi cers to act with impunity. Order of Police se- abuse. They can also Futterman knows that system well: cured a temporary WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES see digital copies of in 2000 he founded the Civil Rights and injunction barring YOU TO SHARE. the original docu- Police Accountability Project at UChi- the release of any ments. One unmistak- cago, the fi rst of its kind in the nation. records dating back farther than four able fi nding, says Kalven, is that a tiny In the years since, he has worked along- years. Now it is seeking in court to have fraction of offi cers provoke most of the

side hundreds of law students, coaching that older data destroyed, citing collec- complaints. Some accumulate them by school law chicago of university the courtesy degrane, lloyd by photography them as they strive to free clients falsely tive bargaining agreements between the dozens, to little or no consequence. accused of crimes and as they litigate— the city and the police union. Futter- The vast majority of other offi cers, by and very often win—civil lawsuits man and his students are fi ghting that contrast, have between zero and four.

Craig Fu erman meets with students in the Civil Rights and Police Accountability Project at the Law School. special collections research center, university of chicago library

14 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Futterman hopes the database will foster an “ethos of sharing” among lawyers, journalists, researchers, and ORIGINAL SOURCE others who come into possession of po- lice records through their own FOIA NEW MOON requests. “We hope people will con- tribute the documents they obtain, and help make the database more and more robust,” he says. Wide and free access was the original intent of the lawsuit, Kalven adds: “We’re not proprietary about any of these documents. When we said public, we meant public.” Futterman also hopes to encourage more police offi cers to report their own concerns about abuse. The database includes a function that allows people to share information with the clinic confidentially. “What police depart- ments don’t do is protect offi cers from retaliation when they break the code of silence,” Futterman says. He offers an example of the difference it can make when police offi cers do speak up: the case of Laquan McDonald. In October 2014, McDonald, a 17-year-old African American, was shot and killed by a police offi cer in the Chicago Lawn District on the South- west Side. McDonald was shot 16 times, and the incident was captured by another police car’s dashboard camera. Representing an independent journal- ist named Brandon Smith, Futterman Although Leonardo da Vinci fa- eye—but found creative ways to and his students have fi led suit to have mously made realistic sketches of discount the irregularities. Some

photography by lloyd degrane, courtesy the university of chicago law school law chicago of university the courtesy degrane, lloyd by photography the video released to the public. He has the moon’s surface spots in the ear- “thought the moon had di’ erent not yet seen it, but confi dential sources ly 16th century, the fi rst published densities in di’ erent parts, and within the city alerted him to its exis- images of the moon as seen through this was an optical e’ ect,” says tence and described what it shows, he a telescope were Galileo Galilei’s. Macuglia. Others believed the moon says, as “an execution.” Investigating Based on observations through an was a mirror refl ecting Earth’s the incident further, he and his col- instrument that the Italian poly- uneven surface. leagues interviewed other witnesses math had refi ned to magnify celes- In addition to evidence of an who corroborated that description. tial objects 30 times, the engravings imperfect moon, Sidereus Nuncius (The Chicago City Council approved a appeared in his 1610 volume Side- reported Galileo’s observations of a $5 million settlement with McDonald’s reus Nuncius (Starry Messenger). sky fi lled with many more stars than family before a lawsuit was fi led.) Their publication caused a stir. They can be seen by the unaided eye, and In April the US attorney’s offi ce an- “were disturbing to some because of moons revolving around Jupiter. nounced a criminal probe, which could they showed that the moon is not Galileo was eventually confronted result in the fi rst-ever criminal prosecu- a perfect object,” says Daniele Ma- by the Roman Inquisition for later tion of a Chicago police offi cer for an cuglia, AM’10, a doctoral student in studies that supported Copernican on-duty shooting. Crucial information the Commi‰ ee on Conceptual and heliocentrism. The church that fueled his investigation, Futter- Historical Studies of Science who sentenced him as a suspected man says, came from law enforcement teaches about Galileo. heretic in 1633, a measure Macuglia officials who “stuck their necks out In the Aristotelian worldview calls unfortunate but unsurprising. and had the courage to report abuse,” of Galileo’s Europe, he says, the “They were facing the unknown,” he says. “The database will provide universe was harmonious and its he says. “It was something that the means for others to do so with less objects, except for Earth, were created remarkable tensions personal risk. … This is something that perfect. Ancient and medieval and that called into question can fundamentally transform policing observers were aware of the the integrity of the medieval and the relationship between police and apparently irregular surface of the worldview.”

special collections research center, universitycommunities.”— of chicago library Lydialyle Gibson moon—discernible by the naked —Laura Demanski, AM’94

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 15 Doctoral student James Crooks works with a nine-year-old visitor to Artifi ce’s Woodlawn location.

berg. He invites them to add cream Artifice began two years ago as SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and sugar; then he stirs, sprinkling in the vision of doctoral student James science questions while the concoc- Crooks, a computer programmer and tion thickens. physicist, and Ashley Lane, AB’11, A r t i fi c e “Who knows the freezing point of who was familiar with STEM ini- water?” Dahlberg asks. The students tiatives through her work with non- Graduate students o er hands-on peer into the pot; they can see that profits serving at-risk youth. “I saw science and technology education liquid nitrogen, at minus 321 degrees projects that weren’t going to change to local youth. Fahrenheit, is much, much colder— anyone’s trajectory,” Lane says, “proj- cold enough to freeze cream and sug- ects where the outcome was making Pete Dahlberg stands before a class- ar practically on the spot. A few more a T-shirt.” room of eager elementary school stu- seconds of stirring and poof! Dahlberg She and Crooks approached Adam dents. He’s poured liquid nitrogen is serving up ice cream. Hammond, PhD’01, director of cur- into a deep steel pot, and the resulting “We try to make the learning tac- riculum in the Graduate Program in steamy vapor makes the PhD student tile and the technology fun and acces- Biophysical Sciences. The three imag- in biophysical sciences seem like a sible,” says Dahlberg, who cotaught ined a neighborhood center for youth wizard with a magic brew. the 20-week after-school course that could empower them to fi nd jobs Dahlberg’s magician status derives with fellow doctoral in an expanding from his participation in Artifice, student Will McFad- WE TRY TO MAKE THE technology sector or a nonprofit organization dedicated den. (The two also LEARNING TACTILE AND simply to use tech- to STEM (science, technology, en- taught a course at the nology to help attain gineering, and math) education and University of Chi- THE TECHNOLOGY FUN other goals. “Back staffed largely by University of Chi- cago Charter School AND ACCESSIBLE. then this was all just cago doctoral students in the Gradu- Woodlawn Campus.) speculation, a what-

ate Program in Biophysical Sciences. Additionally, students in the Ray if,” Crooks says. “We never intended kozloff robert by photography They teach at the organization’s head- Elementary School course learned to start a nonprofi t.” quarters, a community tech center in how to build home security systems But once they put the word out, the the Woodlawn neighborhood where and constructed and programmed community responded quickly. The local youth learn to create websites, small robots equipped to skirmish UChicago Office of Civic Engage- make video games, build robots, and with one another. “The focus is ment, through its Community Pro- repair computers. not so much on how electrons are grams Accelerator, helped Artifice They also take their mission into moving through the wires,” Dahl- find space and forge a partnership local schools. On this day, students at berg adds, “but more on, ‘wow, I can with Woodlawn East Community William H. Ray Elementary School make an alarm go off or make some- and Neighbors, which provides a

in Hyde Park gather around Dahl- thing move.’” storefront at 6460 South Stony Island courtesy advanced functional materials, sadati, et al.

16 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Avenue. Other UChicago depart- graduates rotate teaching classes, tu- nology caught fire with Owney, who ments donated used computers, and toring, and simply being there to help attends Hyde Park Academy, and who a television segment that aired on kids with whatever interests they now is able to maneuver among three WTTW-Channel 11 helped secure bring in the door. different coding systems—HTML, office furniture and other resources. “You might see kids making their CSS, and JavaScript. He’s become By December 2013, a two-week pi- own electromagnets, taking apart a skilled enough to work as an assistant lot program was launched with stu- 1990s Mac, or playing Minecraft,” teacher at the center and has used his dents from Hyde Park Academy, says Hammond. “I might say to the coding knowledge to create a website yielding the center’s first wave of kids, ‘I want all of the resistors out for actors containing style tips, a blog, young techies. of this motherboard,” he adds. “The and celebrity news. Now on weeknights and Saturdays, ‘take-this-apart’ approach is a great It’s precisely the kind of outcome the center’s side door is propped open. way to learn.” Artifice’s cofounders had hoped for. Neighborhood kids ages 10 and up DaQuohn Owney, a high school “One of our goals is to help kids figure drop in for classes or free exploration senior who dropped into Artifice on out how to use technology to do what at any of the center’s 12 computers. the first day it opened, didn’t expect they want to do,” Crooks says, “to Hammond, Dahlberg, Crooks, other to like it. “I’m a writer,” he explains, use it as a tool in whatever path they graduate students, and some under- “and I want to be an actor.” But tech- choose.”—Mary Abowd

CITATIONS

ideally should be proportional Scott Waitukaitis, PhD’13; lead to less elaborate and DATA-DRIVEN DECISIONS to the need,” said senior study Marc Miskin, PhD’14; and costly early-detection tests The Research Opportunity author Andrey Rzhetsky, Heinrich Jaeger, the William J. for patients and new ways to Index (ROI), a computational professor in genetic medicine Friedman and Alicia Townsend study the long-term effects model developed by University and senior fellow at the Professor in Physics, found of treatments, said research scientists, could help better Institute for Genomics and that the electrical charges of group leader Juan de Pablo, allocate US biomedical Systems Biology. Associate these particles cause them the Liew Family Professor in research resources. Described professor of sociology James to form orbital patterns Molecular Engineering. in the August issue of Nature A. Evans, director of the around each other. Bonds Biotechnology, the data-driven University’s Knowledge Lab, are formed as more particles GUT REACTION model looks for discrepancies also collaborated on the study. pass nearby, causing them to The composition of gut between human and financial accumulate into larger masses. microbiomes, or the resources dedicated to a DUSTY PLANETS Such formations had been communities of mutually disease and its relative burden Those dust clumps in your previously hypothesized, but beneficial bacteria that live in on society as measured by bedroom have something in by using a high-speed camera the gastrointestinal tract, may frequency of diagnosis and common with newly forming to record the particles in a influence the development insurance and other costs. The planets. UChicago researchers vacuum chamber, the research of food allergies in children, ROI helps identify diseases used such dust-sized particles team was able to observe according to research like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, to observe zero-gravity them for the first time. Their published September 22 in the most common cause of particle collisions in order to findings were published in the the ISME Journal. University hypothyroidism, that have the simulate events such as the August Nature Physics. of Chicago researchers, led most investment potential. formation of new planets. The by Bunning Food Allergy “Resources are finite and study, led by graduate student CRYSTAL-CLEAR VISION Professor Cathryn Nagler, attention to each problem Victor Lee, AM’15, along with The liquid crystals used to working with researchers make computer displays from the University of Naples and TVs may be able to in Italy, found that the gut help in the early detection microbiomes of infants of type 2 diabetes and without a milk allergy and neurodegenerative diseases those whose intolerance had like Alzheimer’s. The protein been treated with a probiotic aggregates associated with formula contained higher the diseases’ development levels of certain bacteria that are too small to be seen with help maintain homeostasis photography by robert kozloff robert by photography a microscope, but researchers in the digestive system. from the Institute for Identifying the bacteria that Molecular Engineering and could prevent or treat food colleagues from the University allergies is “a fundamental of Wisconsin used a film of advance,” said coauthor Jack liquid crystal molecules to Gilbert, associate professor make an amplified imprint of in the Department of Ecology the proteins that could then be and Evolution. “Translating studied. Their work, which was these findings into clinical published online September treatments is our next goal.” Liquid crystals can help scientists see and study protein 9 by the journal Advanced —Lydialyle Gibson and

courtesy advanced functional materials, sadati, et al.aggregates linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Functional Materials, could Helen Gregg, AB’09

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 17 FOR THE RECORD

therefore have a particular Booth and Neil Guterman at opportunity to help guide personal importance to me.” the School of Social Service the progress of a school that Administration. During his is delivering such impressive ENGINEERING CHANGE fi rst term at Booth, Kumar results for its students and Starting in Autumn Quarter expanded scholarship is so commi„ ed to ensuring 2015, the College is o‰ ering a opportunities, established the that every one of them not major in molecular engineering, Social Enterprise Initiative, only earns a college degree the fi rst undergraduate moved the Executive MBA but becomes a critical engineering degree program Program Asia to Hong Kong, thinker and leader in the in the University’s 125- and strengthened alumni process,” said Thompson. year history. The major, engagement. Guterman, the designed and administered Mose and Sylvia Firestone by the Institute for Molecular Professor at SSA, developed Engineering, has two tracks, new social welfare and LANDMARK GIFT one for biological, chemical, urban research initiatives, A $100 million gi from The and so materials engineering, recruited new faculty, Thomas L. Pearson and The and one for applied physics. and established three Pearson Family Members A three-credit design course international educational Foundation will establish a gives students the opportunity exchange programs. research institute and annual to work with a faculty global forum devoted to member to tackle a real-world NEW VICE PRESIDENTS the study and resolution of engineering challenge. The John Longbrake has been global confl icts. Housed at University began o‰ ering a appointed vice president for Chicago Harris, The Pearson PhD and an undergraduate communications, and Katie Callow-Wright has been Institute for the Study minor in molecular engineering GUIDING THOUGHT and Resolution of Global in Autumn Quarter 2014. named vice president and chief of sta‰ in the O£ ce of the The Stevanovich Institute on Confl icts and The Pearson the Formation of Knowledge, Global Forum will use data- President. Longbrake is responsible for developing founded in April 2015 to driven, analytical approaches strategic communications for support interdisciplinary to inform be„ er policy academic programs, University inquiry into how human solutions around the world. initiatives, and institutional knowledge emerges, evolves, priorities. Callow-Wright’s and a‰ ects the modern world, responsibilities include has named an executive strategic planning, analysis, director. Macol Stewart Cerda and policy development, as will draw on her experience well as management of from previous positions day-to-day operations for with USAID and the National the president. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to help foster scholarly collaboration at the institute. “Her work will be NEW TRUSTEE ELECTED essential to our success, and we In May Emmanuel Roman, look forward to an extremely MBA’87, CEO of London-based productive partnership,” said investment managers Man inaugural faculty director Group, began a fi ve-year term Shadi Bartsch-Zimmer. LEGAL LEADER as a University of Chicago , AM’96, Thomas J. Miles trustee. A longtime UChicago PEDIATRICS CHIEF PhD’00, has been appointed supporter, he has served on Donald N. Pritzker Professor dean of the Law School, the Chicago Booth Global John M. Cunningham e‰ ective November 1. A widely Advisory Board since 2006, has been appointed chair published scholar of criminal and a major gi from him in of the Department of justice, judicial behavior, and 2013 endowed the directorship Pediatrics, e‰ ective August 1. other contemporary legal of the Neubauer Collegium for GOVERNING PRINCIPALS Cunningham, who had served offi ce news chicago of university issues, he has been on the Culture and Society. “Manny’s University trustee Liz as interim chair since 2014, is Law School faculty since leadership transcends global Thompson is the new an expert in childhood cancers 2005 and is a recipient of the boundaries, and we are governing board chair of the and blood disorders. A er Graduating Students Award excited to welcome him as a University of Chicago Charter joining UChicago in 2006, “he for Teaching Excellence. “The trustee,” said board chairman School, e‰ ective August 20. rapidly built up our pediatric Law School is my intellectual Joseph Neubauer, MBA’65. A veteran of several nonprofi t cancer program,” said home,” said Miles. “My and educational organizations, Biological Sciences Division scholarship is steeped in ideas REAPPOINTED Thompson will head the dean Kenneth Polonsky, by that were developed here. The Two professional school 21-member governing board expanding research e‰ orts continuation and extension of deans have been reappointed that oversees the school’s and clinical trials, recruiting the Law School’s leadership in to second fi ve-year terms: four South Side campuses. new faculty, and improving

legal thought and education Sunil Kumar at Chicago “I’m honored to have this community relationships. photography by chris strong

18 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 MEDIA en are literally absent as experts, as and I’ve also been interested in how people who are being interviewed ... media and technology can transform that is not an accurate picture of the society,” she says. To weave her pas- world,” she explains. “There are so sions together, she needed the language News You many places where women are impact- of both business and policy. ing the world, yet they are not who is At Chicago Booth, Miller founded being shown or being interviewed.” a group for students interested in me- Can Use In 2014 PRI launched Across Wom- dia and entertainment. She launched Alisa Miller, MPP’99, MBA’99, en’s Lives, an initiative aimed at high- a short-lived media start-up through lighting the stories of women and girls the New Venture Challenge focused thinks public media can change from around the world, particularly in on the lifestyle and resort magazine Americans’ worldviews areas like Africa and India that receive industry and then took her first po- little attention from American media. sition in public media as director of Think of the last news story you encoun- Recent stories in the series include a business and product development for tered. Maybe you watched it on TV or piece on female sake brewers in Japan SesameStreet.com. heard it on the radio or skimmed it on and an analysis of efforts to curb sexual She never left the public media sec- your phone. However you experienced violence in Nicaragua. tor, which she calls “a place of great it, there’s a good chance it focused on Through these stories, Miller hopes quality, mass reach, and ability to have events in the United States—and that a to show that covering women isn’t just a transformative effect on people’s man was being interviewed or profiled. a symbolic gesture—it can be good for lives.” Miller joined PRI as a senior United Nations Entity for Gender business too. “PRI’s audiences are vice president in 2001 and became Equality and the Empowerment of growing,” she says. “We are reaching CEO less than five years later. Keep- Women statistics show that women millions more people across social me- ing a level head and clear vision wasn’t account for only 24 percent of news dia because we engage women and we easy at first. “I treated it like it was fi - subjects in print, radio, and television; have content that includes women.” nals week every week,” Miller says of and international coverage makes up Gender diversity is a personal is- her early days as CEO. just 21 percent of the news Americans sue for Miller, who is the first woman Like many media companies, PRI consume, according to a 2008 analysis CEO of a major public radio network. has had to adjust to increasingly tight by the nonprofit media company Public Miller credits her parents for giving her budgets and the disruptive influence of Radio International (PRI). the confidence to take on a challenging technology. It’s not obvious what role The startling lack of geographic leadership role. When she was growing a program development and distribu- scope and gender diversity in US media up in Lincoln, Nebraska, “[my parents] tion company like PRI should play in coverage was something Alisa Miller, never said, ‘Why don’t you try doing an age when podcasters can create and MPP’99, MBA’99, knew she wanted this, because that’s something that girls disseminate their own content. to tackle when she became CEO of do?’ It was always, ‘You can do what- As she looks to the future, Miller PRI in 2006. PRI produces and dis- ever you want and make it happen.’” sees both possibility and risk for the tributes radio programs including The After graduating from the Universi- company she leads. “The opportuni- World, Studio 360, and Science Friday. ty of Nebraska, Miller briefly worked ties have never been greater in terms Miller says the American news me- in consulting before enrolling in a joint of reaching and serving and engaging dia’s limited focus can be seen clearly MBA/MPP program at the Univer- people deeply,” she says, nor have the in the coverage of events like the 2007 sity of Chicago. The balance of policy economics of public media been more death of former Playboy Playmate expertise and business acumen spoke challenging. But “I gravitate towards Anna Nicole Smith. That story domi- to her. “I’ve always been interested in that kind of complexity.” nated the news for weeks, while major media and technology as a business, —Susie Allen, AB’09 floods in Indonesia and a key report on climate change went relatively ig- nored. The cycle repeated itself month after month, with coverage of celebri- ties and scandals eclipsing discussion of serious international issues. As the university of chicago news office news chicago of university media fretted over the death of Michael Jackson, “other huge things were hap- pening in the world that impacted mil- lions and millions of people’s lives that no one was hearing about,” Miller says. The skewed coverage has given Americans a heavily distorted world- view, Miller argues. She is particularly troubled by the media’s treatment of women. “When you have a broader Miller received Chicago Booth’s 2015 Distinguished Public Service/Public

photography by chris strong news media environment where wom- Sector Alumni Award this past spring.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 19 FIG. 1

Hsa_d achsous_ 2 BRAIN POWER *

_CRA_a_EAX 04942

oRR 1 oRR738- 738_C28X

51-HDCP_P_as

IX Z_4 709_C80_U 54-165_oT004_C8E5L3DKX Hsa_C DH-24_1 Hsa_ P_CDH-11 Hsa _P_CDH-8

A Hsa_flamingo_3_EA W64914 AmphiDCH 11 4.2 Hsa_CDH -19_1 06 Cte_181

Hsa_C DH-19_2 335Lgi_174 1C_320RRo Hsa_C DH-11 VIII Hsa_C DH-18 _2 Hsa_CDH-8 rhdCi Hsa_fla mingo_2_AAF 619 30.1 Hsa _CDH-18_1 AmphiCDH I Hsa_ CDH_EGF _LAG_7 pgr_1 Hsa_P _CDH-18 Hsa_CD H-22 1 Hsa_Fla mingo_1_AAG 00080.1 S NvDCH Hsa_ CDH _EGF_LAG_ 7pGR_2 54. Dme_starry_night Hsa_CDH-1 2 PvN Hsa _CDH-10 dCihpmA I

hp Hsa_CDH-6 Hsa_ CDH-9 rh 4028 592 Lgi_16 953 1 FA T 590p

HDC m

9rhdCihpm01 54 7 S

0 .1

A phiCdhr5 oRR226_C10X Cte_1 82594 NvCdh 5r NvCE LS H b Nv NvCdh r4 NvHedgling NvCdhr 2 NvCd hr1 95 Lgi_231 995 AmphiCdhr1 AmphiCdhr2 _23_AAG27 03 AmphiCdhr3 AmphiCELS R NvCdhr3 2 Lgi_164 541 Am i_ 164 20753 Cte_1 92718 Lgi_23 Lgi_1 64593 iCdhr1 sc2a Lgi_16 4 Lg h oRR8 83-4_C1 2_ Hsa _PCDH-8 _1 Lgi_229555 Lgi_22 R oRR696-929-938-9_oT 1 VII Cte_2 AmphiC dhr4 26_a Hsa_Fat4_Q6V0I7. 2 Amp Hsa_CDH 4_1 Cte_218758Cte228852 AmphiCd hr23 1 3_ Hsa_C DH-2sa_C DH-4_ Cte_1783 54 Hsa_N-CDH_AAsa_CDH-4_1 B228 Cte_22 .1 H oRR536_C13E 6L2T_W H Hsa_CD H-1 oglein- AmphiFAT Hsa_E-CDH _CAA8 4586.1 Hsa_CD H-3 oRR228 _C32_W Hsa_ CDH-15 Cte_222008 Hsa _CDH-13 _5 5721 Lgi_1 05163Dme_fat Hsa _CDH- 16_1 Hsa_ desmocollin-2_Dsc2 Hsa_desmocol lin-2_D Hsa_desmocollin-3_Dsc3a Hsa_des m Hsa_dsa_desmogle esmoglein-4_2 in-2iCdhr1 3 NvCdhr 6 H h oRR1 40_C1 5E4L2 NvCDH2 Hsa_CDH -like_protein_ Dme_CDH-NNvCDH3 Hsa_C DH- _shotgun n NvCDH 1 Amp Cte_226654 oRR586_CX3 Hsa humans Dme Lgi_1 Cte_217 492 1 88362 Cte_224044_ 0 NvFAT -like oRR1 03_C33LE4Cte_222745 AmphiCdhr19 67053 Cte VI Hsa_PCDH _Fat_2Lgi_104487 AmphiCELS Rlike AmphiFAT-like s_pp_XP_002737277.161 8 II Hsa_PCD H_Fat_3 Lgi_23246 Hsa_ PCDH_Fa t_1 Lgi_161 417 i_238 AmphiCdhr15g Dme fruit fly L AmphiCdhr12 Cte_2202021 16 621 ntenin-1_1 oRR058_T095_C2_calsyntenii_ Lgi_154208 Lg e_181561 AmphiC dhr8 Ct calsyntenin-3 oRR899_CCte_228443 12X Hsa_calsy Dme_CDH_87A Hsa_ AmphiCLSTN Cte_215553 Dme_Calsyntenin-1 Nve starlet sea anemone NvCLS TN oR Lgi_229249 R681-2_C13 Cte_21 0451 AmphiCdhr16 Cte_21 0000 Cte_22665392484 AmphiCd hr7 Cte_210002 AmphiC dhr6 Lgi_22 916 Cte_19 917 1 Lgi_159 91 Lgi_229247 Lgi_15 9 Hsa _dachso us_1 _EAW68683.1 AmphiCdhr14 2731401.1 Aqu Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge) oR Lgi_154544 R888_C12D3 Lgi_230236 Lgi_234972 Cte_1 39522 71 828 s_h_XP00i_1 V Cte_13 9609 Lg Hsa_PCDH-16 Lgi_237871i_237870 s_pcdh11_Xlinked_XP_0 02741390.1AmphiCdhr18 Lg Dme_dachsous Lgi_237869 Lgi_17 182 6 Cte Capitella teleta (polychaete worm) Lg Lgi_237868236784 Cte_1i_1 43094 Lgi_ 35638 Lgi_166623_238827 AmphiPCD H2 Lgi AmphiPCDH1 Lgi_171 473 Hsa Lgi_237680 Hsa_P_PCDH-17_PCDH-1 2 Lgi_1 67888 Lgi owl limpet Hsa_PCDH-19_a Lgi_237676 Hsa_PC DH-19_c Lgi_164389p Hsa_PCDH_alphHsa_ PCDH-10 a-C2_1 _1 Lgi_175623 Hsa_PCDH_alph a-C1 _1 Lgi_1730 39 Lgi_1738 23 Hsa_ PCDH_alp ha-5_1 Lgi_237867p Hsa _PC DH_alpha-6_1 Lgi_16 5875 Lgi_171822 Obi California two-spot octopus Hsa_PC DH_alpha-8_1 Hsa_ PCD H_alpha-11_1 Lgi_1 7182 1 Hsa _PCDH_ alpha-10_1 Lgi_232792 Hsa_ PCDH_ alpha-1 AmphiCdh r20 Cte_20161 7 Hsa_ PCDH _alpha-1_12 _1 Hsa_ CDHR_3 Hsa_P CDH_alpha-2_1 Lgi_15 6564 Hsa_PCDH_al p Sko acorn worm Lgi_1565 60 Hsa_PCDH_alphaha-13 -3_1 _1 oRR180 _C3 oRR277_C2DF Hsa_PCDH_alpha- 4_1 6-8_T060_C2DX Hsa_ PCDH_alpha- 7_1 opRR52 oRR836_C5 K Hsa_PCD H_alpha-9_2 Lgi_232259 Hsa_P CDH_alpha-9_1 Lgi_160343 Hsa_PC DH_beta-13 Cte_19915 6 Hsa_PCDH_beta -8 oRR 625_C1 5 Hsa_P CDH_beta-15 Lgi_1 61952 Hsa_ PCDH_beta-6 Hsa _Ret_a Hsa_PCDH_be ta-5 Dme_CDH _96Ca oE098_C4MR_IZV Hsa_PCDH_be ta-4 oRR09 2_C2_IZ IV Hsa_PCDH _beta-3 oRR44 4_C2Y_ IZ Hsa_PC DH_beta-2 opR R671_C 3A_IZ Hsa_PC DH_b eta-7 oC831_C 2X_IZ Hsa_PCD H_beta-1 0 oC826_C2 Y_ IZ Hsa _PCDH _beta-9 oRR894_C2DY_IZ Hsa_PCDH_ beta-14 oT039_C3 X2 1 oC832_C3_I Z_IZ CADHERIN GENE FAMILIES: Hsa _PCDH_ beta-1 oE097_oT898_C3_IZ Hsa_PCDH_beta-125_1 oE093_C6TDS _IZUO J V Hsa _PCDH_ gamma-C opE100 _C3DR _UOWV Hsa _PCDH_gamma-C4_ 1 opC829_C3 DR_ZU Hsa_PCD H_gamma-C3_1 opC825_C3DR_UOWVO CDH_gamma-B2_1 opRR578_C3DR _UOQ WV Hsa_P mma-B1 _1 I: Type I classical cadherins H_ga opC828_C3DRS_UOWV Hsa_PCD oE0 V Hsa_PCDH_g amma-B7_1 96_C6 oRR 576_C2_ZA_ZUOWV Hsa_PCDH_gamma-B6_1 oT096_C3_Z 1 Hsa_PC DH_gamma-B5_1gamma-B4_1 oRR026_C3A_Z PCD H_ Hsa _ oG 80 mma-A1 2_1 oG 810-818_C3S 3_C6TDNS X_ F_ZUOW J QV II: Calsyntenins a Hsa_PCDH_ gamma-A11 _ oT1 86_C3L_Z UOWJQ Hsa_PC DH_g ma-A9_1 oJ054_C6ATNF_ ZUOWJQ V oG 812_C6AT NSF _ZUOWJ QV Hsa_PC DH_gamma-A10a-A8_1 _1 Hsa_PCDH_gam m oJ052_C6TD NF_ZUOWJQV Hsa_PC DH_gamma-A8_2 oG 809_C6TDNF_ZUO WJQ V sa_PC DH_gam _1 oJ 053_C3_ H oG 81 5_C6TDNF III: Octopus protocadherin _PCDH_gamma-A5_1 Hsa A6_1 opRR54 4_C5TDNFXZ _UOWJQ V Hsa _PCDH_gamma-A2_1 oB33 Hsa_PCDH_gamma-A1 oJ051_C3_C6T 3DA_Z NF_IZUOWJQ_ZUO V WJV Hsa_PCDH_ gamma-A7_1 oF973_ Hsa_PCDH _gamma-Cte_225723222417 oB323_C 4S_ Cte_ oB324 C3 HT SX 2_UOWV Hsa_PCDH _gamma-A4_1te_18 2259 ZV IV: Human protocadherin C oB326_C_C6D2 X_IZQV Cte_227926222588 oB32 26075 Cte_ oB327_C2_C4SX_Z 4S_ZV5_IZ V Cte_2 90 oT840_ e_21 878723 oB317_C 6DSX_IZUWJ QV Ct Cte8 oRR 075_C6_IZUOWJC4X_IZ oB318 _C6D2_ZUW J QV Cte_1 76056 oB316_ C6SD _IZU V: Dachsous Cte721 72 oB31 0_C4 Cte_2188Cte33363 00 oB309_C4_Z oB31 1_ C3_Z te_228969 C oB31 2_C4_Z _Z Cte_211 9637 56034 oL482_C4_Z oRR OJ V Cte_Cte92665 oB3 883 VI: Fat-like oK7 49_C6MS_Z WJ V Cte_19513Cte32685 3 oB329_C6SN_I32_C6TDS_C3_Z F_ZU Cte62731 oK753_C6 Cte96860 oK747_C6S F_ZUOW J QV o d_a oB328_C6DTK746_C6TPS SF_UOWJ FD_IZWJQ V Cte_144547Lgi71708 _a Lgi717 03 oRR TSN F_ZUOW QV oF985_C ZUO OWJQV oRR 826_C6SP_ZUO VII: Fat oRR1 26_C6SF_ IZWJQV WJQV oF977_C6MS FX2_ Lgi5196582027 71 Lgi_123092p oT671 _C6MSFX_Z2 UOW6TMF J QV _I Lgi _ oF982_C6TSX_ZUOWC5_UOWV JQV CDH-11 _Y -linked 15 oF975_C6SB NX_I Lgi_209451 oC819_C6TSE _ZUOW J QV Hsa_PC DH-1 1 _X-linke Lgi_1Lgi62427 39034 X2 oE816 _C6DS _IZUWJ QV Z oT675_C6_IZUOW J Q UOWQWJV V QV Hsa_P C7 oRR 953_C6MSNF _ZUOWJQV Lgi_1390 VIII: CELSR oC81 7_C6MSF_ZUO WJ QV oI316 _C2_IZW Lgi52062 oI31 5_C2X_IZ UOW J QV oRR9 08_C7_ULgi71692 opR R886_C2X oRR4 50_ Lgi5168 3 26 oR oI318 ZUOWJQ V 1 5 oN657_C4DTR3 SF_IZUOWJQV Lgi_104632 51 1 2 oI321_C3_IZ Lgi_104 890 oC818_C 6SF_ ZUOWJ V 1 Lgi5 _Z Lgi_1 051 10 6 oH854_C6TS F_IZUOWQ_ 4_C3X _IZ UW oRR 763_C6DF C5D_ IZ C7_Z V oRR276_C6HTSFX_Z OW JQV IX: Type II classical cadherins Lgi_1 0 oRR 27 V oRR760 _C6H TSF oH849_C6H TB_IZUW 853_C oRR6 82_C6KTG_Z UOW R242R _ oH847_C6X_IZUO WV ZUO QV oRR 571 _C6SG _ZOQ _ oH852_C6 SGF X_Z UOW 7 oRR746oR _C7_ZUVoR _IZUO WQ oRR447_C6TSX_IUOW QJ oL484_C6_Z _C oR oRR731_ C6T SFX2_IZO WJ QV oRR521 _C 6HT oRR8 27_C6 _Z oRR1 75_C6TS_ R683_C6D TS FX4 _IZW QV oA851 oRR 569_C6TSF_ZU OWJ QV X_ZUOWJQV oL487_C6_IZUWV oRR5 9_C6TS_ZUO 1 WJQ oP093_C6T_IZU OWJQV oR S oRR72 7_C6T_ I 55_C6TX WV oRR79 9 E_ZOW JQV _C4TPBFX_OWJQ oRR117 _C6TF 8 oRR17 2 O o R2 8_ 1 o oM0 X_IZUOW JQ V oM061 _C6TK DF_IZ UOW RR549_C5TS_ I oA844_C5_ ZU oN658_C6H 69_C6TSRR1 oA848_C5_Z oT0 opR V ZU oRR7 83_C6T_ZUJQV oA836_C6T QV X_ZOWJ oRR opB320_C6TS_ U A830 oA8 oA837_C6T p761opT7 R70C6X_UW QV _ZUOWJ 6TX oRR730_C

o 6TSF_ZOWJ QV o oA854_C6TF_ZUOWQ oA846_C5_ZU 5 X_ Mo R III VQ VQJWOUZ VQJ Q Q

QJ0U 78_C5 R161_C 5_C6T_IZUOWJQ V _C6BX_ IZU OW JQV C6T_ZUOWJQV opA840_C4_V J0U_5 oD411_C5_ZUO 0 oA841_C4STF_oA843_C5X_ZUO UOWV W 38_C6T S_IZOWV _C 38Ao

JWOUZ_XD

62RRo oD443_C6T SFX _ZUO W oA839_C5_Z UO W 08R ZUW JQV oD438_C5_ZU 6T_IZ OW JQ

W

_ 4 oA842_C4_ZUOW_C5TF TSDFX_ ZO WQV V _OWJQ _C2DTS

C_56

5 J oA852_C6TSGFX_ZUOWQ V oRR5 50_C3 _Z OUZ_T _ _ZU UWJ 6 oD439_C4T_ZVoRR8 37_C4_ Z C6_ZUOW _Z V C TS_IZUWJ 55 C 5_IZU Q OWJ

_41-532T T6

_21-532Tpo V 6C _ZUO S

Z_6C_5 UO

_ ZUOWJQV _D

X_Z

U QV

oA8 I

O ZOWV _XF 6C_22 WJQ V

T

I V opT761_ C3_OWJ 6C_128Ao oA832_ F WVUO W ZI_XT6C_1 oD440_C

BTH6C_618Ao V U oD437_C6TSF_Z OWQV JQV oRR027_C6SF_ZUO WV

O oA853_C6KTSFX_ZUO WQV oA827_C 6S_ZUOW J QV p QV oA826_C6T_ ZUOWJQV

VWOUZ oA828_C6AS_ZUOWJQV 11 _C6TSF_ZUWJQV

N659_C6T_IZ UOW J QV o 8Ao oP088_C6T_IZUOWJQV VJQ o oA833_C6TX_ IZUOWJQ V

JWOUZ oA81 0_C6TF_ZUO WJQV opA824_C5TF_UOWJQV oA819_C6SX_ IZUOWJQ Q QJW oA820_C6TS _ZUO WJQV oA8

As a researcher, Caroline Albertin, traits specific to cephalopods, signposts important in setting up SM’12, a PhD student in organismal a 500-million-year-old class of the wiring” by determining which biology and anatomy, has always predatory mollusks that includes neurons should stick together. been partial to weird animals: octopuses, cuttlefish, and squids. The octopus genome contains a mussels, centipedes, cave fish—and She was especially interested in whopping 168 protocadherin genes, cephalopods. On a 2009 campus how the animals developed their vastly outnumbering those in visit as a prospective student, she large and complex brains. With the other animals’ genomes. Humans, got a tour of UChicago’s octopus equivalent of a spinal cord running for example, only have around 60 facility from neurobiologist Clifton down each of their eight arms, protocadherins. Ragsdale. Usually the aquariums octopuses are highly intelligent; This phylogenetic tree of cadherin are full of animals, but that day they demonstrate a strong ability to genes is separated by type (the there was just one little egg. “And learn and to solve problems. protocadherins are at the bottom as we’re peering over it, watching,” Among the study’s findings was an half of the circle, labeled III) and she recalls, “suddenly it hatches unexpected abundance of a family of color-coded by animal. The brackets out, changes color, inks, and swims genes called protocadherins, which inside the circle show taxonomic away.” She’s been an octopus until recently were thought to exist connections between individual researcher ever since. only in vertebrates. “Cadherins are genes. Looking further, the al. et albertin, courtesy graphic Albertin and Ragsdale were part cell adhesion molecules,” Albertin researchers found that the octopus’s of a team that recently sequenced, says. “They stick out from a cell and protocadherins were most expressed for the first time, an octopus allow that cell to glue itself to other in neural tissues. “Exactly what genome: the California two-spot cells that have a cadherin domain role they’re playing—we have a lot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides. sticking out too.” Protocadherins—a of work to do to find out,” Albertin Albertin was lead author on the subfamily—regulate neuronal says. “But we speculate that this is study, published August 13 in development. “They’re expressed part of the molecular bar code for Nature, which sought a better during the early development setting up the cephalopod nervous understanding of the genetic and of the brain,” says Albertin. “It’s system, and that this is why they molecular mechanisms underlying thought that they act as little have big brains.”—Lydialyle Gibson photography by jeff fitlow

20 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 INTERVIEW of weight. After the first couple of months I asked if I could go back home and commute. The following year I was in the Shoreland, a really cool Continuing place. It was an old hotel and there were still some elderly residents. Everybody should have the opportu- education nity that I had of being infl uenced and Questions for doctor, business- impacted by an amazing university, and I’m a huge ally of Dean Boyer’s man, and quadruple degree quest to make a transformative holder Robert Behar. impact on the residential life of College students. That’s why I Robert Behar, LAB’81, AB’83, MD’87, chose to name Behar House in MBA’11, had earned three of his four Campus North with a gift of $2 UChicago degrees by age 23. The son million through my foundation. of Cuban refugees, Behar enrolled in Behar House is going to be not the College at 16 and in the Pritzker just a home but a place where School of Medicine at 19. Decades lat- students will be able to relax, er, he returned to attend the executive socialize, study, and really im- program at Chicago Booth. A cancer prove the quality of their life. specialist, Behar is now chairman and That’s the goal that we all have. CEO of North Cypress Medical Cen- ter in Cypress, Texas. How did you fi nd the College Behar serves on the Visiting Com- academically? mittee on the College and Student Very difficult. In my first year I was Activities and was the fi rst to name a in organic chemistry, biochemistry, What was it like to return to house in the new Campus North Resi- linear algebra. It was frightening, but UChicago aƒ er so many years? dential Commons, which will open I decided to confront it. For my entire life, I was always the in 2016 on the site of Pierce Tower, The classes that made the biggest im- youngest person in the class. When I where he lived (unhappily) as an under- pact on me were not in science, because got to Booth, I was one of the oldest. grad. The Magazine’s interview with I went on to be so specialized. But the But I still acted like one of the young- him has been edited and adapted. anthropology, sociology, psychology, est—youthful enthusiasm. —Carrie Golus, AB’91, AM’93 and psychoanalysis courses gave me Business students tend to be better a reference to deal with human beings, rounded than science people. They par- You have a degree from Lab but never which I use to this day in medicine tied a lot. But I was running a hospital a ended. How did you manage that? and business. and a practice and had a family. When I I had placed out of the advanced classes fl ew back to Houston, I just didn’t have at Niles North High School and didn’t Who were your favorite professors? any time to do homework. So I didn’t go have much to do my senior year, so I ap- Bernard Brown [DB’55, AM’65, to the Cubs, the pubs, and all that stuff. plied to the University of Chicago. They PhD’73], sociology professor and gave me a high school diploma after my dean of Rockefeller Chapel. His Core Why get an MBA? first year in the College. Otherwise I course introduced me to Clifford I was recruited to start a cancer cen- would still be a high school dropout. Geertz and Victor Turner and Lévi- ter in Houston, which I grew to four I graduated in three years and ap- Strauss and Freud. He introduced me cancer centers. Then I opened a hospi- plied to the medical school. During my to a series of ideas I would not have oth- tal that very rapidly grew into a large interview the dean of students looked erwise come across. company. It employs 1,500 people and at me and said, did you grow that mus- brings in about $1.5 billion in revenue. tache to look older? I said, as a matter Were you involved in any clubs? I also became the real estate developer of fact, yes. He said, we need to check The College Republicans. Even then for the hospital. At that point, I’d had graphic courtesy albertin, et al. et albertin, courtesy graphic with the Law School to see if it’s legal I was a Republican. Coming from par- no formal business or legal education. for you to be in the medical school be- ents who were communist Cuban ref- cause you’re under 21. But it was fi ne. ugees, I would immediately spar with You volunteered for your College everybody, including the professors. reunion. How do you choose which What was your undergraduate But they accepted me. reunion to a end? experience like? The College is really where it all start- I started out in Pierce Tower. The How did you get interested in cancer? ed for me. I learned different things at food was absolutely horrible. I don’t The thought of cells going berserk, different points of my life. At the Col- want to say anything bad about the just attacking people and ruining their lege of the University of Chicago, I University of Chicago, because it’s lives, gave me the grand scheme to go to learned how to think. That’s pretty big.

photography by jefftlow fi really changed my life, but I lost a lot warfare and try to help. I owe the College a lot because of that.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 21 photography by laura lorenz laura by photography

illustration by allan burch , ------moment—when moment—when Suyash Agrawal However, a game presented during “Exactly,” says Nalepa. In this situ this In Nalepa. says “Exactly,” Nalepa wipes the board clean and A student puts down her pen to of ation, one Democrat pulling the lever lever the pulling Democrat one ation, for a Republican probably won’t mat ter—the Democratic candidate other if will However, anyway. win likely Democrats start doing the same, one voter could end up casting the pivotal vote and giving the election to Republicans, the making it an irrational choice. “Given this, don’t you think it would be reasonable to eliminate those weakly dominated actions from consideration?” asks Nalepa, erasing the strategy profiles thatwould have a castingvoternonpreferred ballot a a for candidate. After all, “who would ever ifR vote theyfor preferred right?”D, last Thursday’s class showed vot against there incentive strong a be can ing at all. “The players areNalepa N citizens,”said, and half support Party A while the other half support Party B. Players can either vote or abstain, fer an answer: “Yeah, voting for R would be weakly dominated from the perspectivepersona of voting D.” for JD’02, was special when hiswords to her firston their first date were about Arrow’s theorem,an importantidea in social choice theory. starts to talk about voting. Shetroduces ina situation, or game, where there’s an electorate with a large num ber of voting citizens, a majority of whom prefer Democrats over Repub licans. “Now if I’m over D one of those prefer I if citi majority, the in zens R,” says Nalepa, “how can I use this vocabulary that we just learned to de scribetherelationship between voting them of one Is R? for voting and D for weaklydominated theby other?” graduate in Poland. “Basically,first started when I learning game wholetheory, world made the sense,” she says. likeahaan“It’ssort of finally you tool that toa allowsyou get understand a lot of social interactions you.” around on going been have that She proceeded to take every course that professor offered, add a major in sociology, and eventually earn a PhD in political science from Columbia University in 2005. She’s been teach ing game theory ever since. She even knew her husband, - - - - Nalepa’s eyes light up when she Game theory has its roots in eco nomics, devised as a way to logically predict people’s actions based on their individual costs and payoffs and the actual or presumed actions of others. Formal game theory mod social the in used increasingly are els sciences, says Nalepa, to and she wants able be to class her in students the understand, and question, proofs in academic journals. talks about game theory—it’s a topic that’s fascinated her since she took decisiontheoryphilosophy a asunder Basically, when I first first I when Basically, game learning started world whole the theory, made sense. across the whiteboard. These action action These whiteboard. the across profiles, utility functions, and payoff matrices are the foundation of the course; it’s an introduction to game theory, or the study of strategic deci sion making, for students in political and other social sciences.

------Monika Nalepa Monika “So imagine you’redriv nated actions. nated grabs a dry-erase marker toillustrate the concepts strictlyof and weakly domi s the 12 graduate studentsher Applied Game Theory in course return from their finish break, five-minute ingsnacks and stowingcell phones,

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 The left lane is clearly the best choice Nalepa then adds a car to the left As Nalepa continues to clarify ing a car pro or riding associate The a bicycle begins. in she Hyde Park,” fessor of political science sketches the situation on one of the writable-sur face walls in the first-floor Saieh Hall for Economics classroom. “You’re on a road with two lanes each way and you’re getting to an intersection, and there’s a car in the right lane and you want to go straight.” There’s no indi cationwhether the car in the right lane is turning (he’s a Chicago driver so he doesn’t signal, says Nalepa). for maximizing speed, Nalepa says, writing out formal notation to show that choosing the right lane would be a strictly dominated action—whether the other car will slow and turngoingstraight, theleft lane or will keepalways fastest. be lane of her drawing. Now, she ex plains, only if the right-lane car turning is will the left lane be the faster path through the intersection. She modifies the notation to show that here, choosing the right lane weakly isdominated action—there a are onlyscenariossome inwhich there’sa benefit to playing the other but a rationalstrategy— decision maker will still use the left lane. strict and weak dominance, formal game theory notation proliferates 22

Gaming the vote BY HELEN GREGG, AB’09 COURSE WORK SCIENCE POLITICAL A ------—H.G. ◆

on the syllabus; right right syllabus; the on the offered Jiang before Nalepa session, review cross to students her told two topics off their syllabi. “I always make sure that there are some topics I can just omit” on the syl labus, she says. “It’s more important to me that, you know, someone who is lost at week four catches up by week five.” - Nalepa quickly clarified. “This guy,” These effects are even more pro nounced when the electorate is not evenly divided between parties, or is as large as the United States the elector to people get To Nalepa. said ate, polls, “the only thing we can count on iscivic duty.” she said, indicating a nonvoting Party A supporter, “does not have an incen full the getting he’s as change,” to tive payoff without the cost of voting. His fellowParty supportersA arevot who ing do have an incentive to who not vote, students the to nodding said, she hadobjected; they’re “overpaying” for number the But win. candidate’s their of voters for each party won’t start to suggest then student one as out, even ed—voting supporters of Party B are also being incentivized to stay home “because their party is losing and their voteispivotal,”not said Nalepa. Voter participation drops in both parties. , AM’10, of ------Recognizing that formal that Recognizing the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 23 modeling can be daunting be can modeling relieved seemed (students assistant teaching when Junyan Jiang Junyan fered to arrange a calculus Nalepa session), review hasstricta “nostudent policy—she behind” left doesn’t move on until she’s understandseveryone sure what was just covered. That often means the class everything finish doesn’t -

(Oxford University (Oxford

Things change when a candidate is Several students protested with Nalepa then increased the popula tion of the imagined electorate, keep ing the number of supporters equal. When the election is tied or one candi date is winning by one vote, everyone has an incentive to go to the polls be singlecauseballota still is pivotalthe to outcome,explained.she theon one No losing side would sit out the election if voting could improve his or her payoff by turning a loss to a tie or a tie to a win. winning by more than one vote. Na lepadrew out the scenario,increasing the number of voting Party A sup porters and increasing the number of nonvotingParty supporters.B “Since Party A is winning,” incen an has said supporters the of Nalepa,“none tive to change their strategy—” variations“Yeah,of, they do!” Press,2004), and grades are derived mostly from sets— problem weekly thereare noexams. Stu- required also are dents to attend a session on the at modeling formal Science Political Midwest meet annual Association’s ing in Chicago. in ing SYLLABUS Thetwice-per-week class uses Martin J. Osborne’s An Introduction to Game socialized to think of voting as our ob ligation,”illogicalanas not time.useof Theory ------A chorusA students of answered: the seemsIt strange compareto voting a “They’reworse off than if they had “Right,” said Nalepa. “If they ab “What is annoying about this equi In the first scenario, there are just

stained, they could end up pointing here,” to the payoff matrix to show that if neither had voted, they still wouldhavegotten the benefits a of tie without the cost of voting. “But it’s annot equilibrium, because here each of the voters has an incentive to devi ate and vote. So what game does this remindof?”you each against prisoner’s dilemma, a famous game in witnesses which two criminals as are incentivized serve to other, even though they both would bebetter off remaining silent. game to the prisoner’s dilemma “be cause it seems like they’re doing some thing good,” said Nalepa. “We’re so librium?” asked Nalepa. student. one observed abstained,” just tially hand the election to the other party by staying a is voting at people home. both that Thetermined class de Nash equilibrium, a stasisthe Nobel named Memorial Prize–winning after mathematician John Nash in whichplayer no has an incentive to changecourse of theiraction, regardless of what theotherdo.players Nalepa leads a discussion on game theory’s applications in political science in a Saieh Hall for Economics classroom. Economics for Hall Saieh a in science political in applications theory’s game on discussion a leads Nalepa and if a player’s preferred candidate wins or ties, there are payoffs for that player, but there’s also a (smaller) cost associated with voting, said Nalepa, like taking the time to go to the polls. two citizens: one supporter of each party. Each player has an incentive to vote, no matter what the other player does—neither would want to poten photography by laura lorenz laura by photography

illustration by allan burch research PROVING

GROUNDUChicago’s Urban Labs turn promising ideas for helping cities into hard evidence of what works. by maya dukmasova photography by maya dukmasova

24 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015

n a sunny Tuesday morning in early June, Veronica, a freshman, started the year with a D in math. with the end of the school year already Walking into class, she says, felt “horrible.” She began palpable, three girls were hard at work in working daily with her tutor this year, reviewing founda- a Chicago Vocational Career Academy tional concepts in arithmetic and algebra to catch up to the classroom. The Chicago Public Schools material being covered in her math class. Her grade by June high school is a sprawling Art Deco build- was a high B, three points shy of an A. ing on the southernmost edge of Avalon Sarah, also a freshman, transferred to CVCA in the mid- Park, on the South Side of Chicago. dle of the school year. Her math grade rose from a C to an A About 98 percent of its students are Af- with the help of her tutor. She hadn’t felt good in math class rican American, and nearly 94 percent since sixth grade. After a few months of tutoring, she’s con- come from low-income families. fident: “When I go into math class, I fly through work,” she The school opened in 1940 to serve 6,000 students, but said, snapping her fingers. today fewer than 1,000 flow through its cavernous hall- Oways as the population of the surrounding neighborhood declines. CVCA is still largely a vocational school, with he tutoring Veronica and Sarah are getting could alter majors in carpentry, cosmetology, and culinary arts, and the course of their lives. Foundational math classes only about half its graduating seniors are college bound. are a “key gatekeeper” for high school diplomas in In 2011 the school’s test scores and graduation rates had T many urban school districts, says Jens Ludwig, the gotten so low that CPS intervened, overhauling the staff McCormick Foundation Professor in Social Service Ad- and introducing new programs to help students stay on ministration, Law, and Public Policy. Succeeding in those track to graduate. CVCA now has an intensified science, classes makes it much more likely that the girls will graduate. technology, engineering, and mathematics curriculum Graduating, in turn, will give them better prospects as adults that offers college credit, but many students who arrive as in everything from their earning power to their health. freshmen fell behind years earlier and still haven’t mastered Their experience is also helping UChicago researchers middle school math. learn how tens of thousands more students citywide, and While most of their peers were in traditional class - beyond Chicago, can improve their chances of graduat- rooms—one teacher, 25 students—the three girls sat face to ing. CVCA’s Math Lab, one of 14 across CPS, is part of a face with personal tutors in the Math Lab. They attended large policy experiment being conducted by the Education the elective in addition to their normal math class. Their Lab—part of the University of Chicago Urban Labs. The tutors were recent college graduates spending a year do- Education Lab’s scholars, analysts, and practitioners model ing public service: Nichole Jannah, a neuroscience major studies like this one after the randomized controlled trials from the College of William and Mary, and Amelia Han- that provide gold-standard evidence in medicine. Partici- sen, AB’14, a UChicago biology major. That afternoon they pants in the Math Lab are chosen randomly from a pool were doing division with unknown variables on small dry- of low-performing students thought to be at high risk for erase boards. “Number 23 is a little curveball but I bet you dropping out. Researchers can compare their gains to the can do it,” Jannah encouraged her student. academic progress of a similar group of CPS students who have access to the city’s regular support services, but not the tutoring program. The five Urban Labs focus on education, health, energy IF YOU CAN SHOW THE and the environment, poverty, and crime, using rigorous social science methods to evaluate potential social inter- GOVERNMENT HOW ventions. The idea, says Ludwig, is to produce data about the effectiveness of programs and policies to help kids stay TO SPEND ITS $200 in school, for example, or reduce shootings, or provide bet- ter health care. When there’s strong evidence of positive impact, the Urban Labs can use that data to mount power- BILLION BETTER, YOU ful arguments for city or state governments to administer the programs on a larger scale, and can work with the labs’ START TO HAVE A web of partners to influence policy. The labs then support cities in scaling up the most effective and cost efficient, ul- REALLY BIG IMPACT. timately contributing to social change on a large scale.

26 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Ludwig cofounded the Crime Lab in 2008 and contin- ues to serve as its director. The first of the Urban Labs, Swabbing faucets and floors and other surfaces gives Gil- the Crime Lab branched out last winter to add an office in bert a picture of how microbes move in our environment. New York City, embedded in the Mayor’s Office of Crimi- nal Justice. Its success helped spur the creation of the other four labs this April, each led by a senior faculty member. Ludwig also codirects the Education Lab with Northwest- ern professor Jonathan Guryan and UChicago’s Timothy Knowles, the Pritzker Director of Urban Labs. The five labs forge partnerships with government agen- cies and nonprofits “to target the most critical challenges” for cities, says Knowles, who is also the chairman of the Urban Education Institute and John Dewey Clinical Pro- fessor in the Committee on Education. Bringing Math Lab to CPS students, for instance, was a joint effort between Urban Labs, CPS, the City of Chicago, and Boston-based Tutor Amelia Hansen, AB’14, works one on one, a fun- Match Education, where the tutoring program originated. damentally different method than classroom teaching. When philanthropy focuses on direct support, Ludwig explains, “The people you help are the only people you help.” But having hard data and acute analysis of a pro - high schools in such systems are trying to educate students gram’s success and cost efficiency means being able to make who are “all over the map in terms of what they need aca - a case for governments to adopt such programs, scale them demically,” Ludwig says. up, and reach many more people. “Everything in education policy right now is about get- “Nationwide, the US spends $200 billion per year on the ting teachers to do a better job teaching grade-level mate- criminal justice system and $500 billion on K–12 education,” rial,” he adds. “Let’s fire the crummy teachers, let’s hire the Ludwig says. “If you’re a philanthropist, anything that you better teachers, let’s incent teachers with accountability can give to provide direct services to kids is just a drop in the systems that hold their feet to the fire.” But no amount of bucket. Our theory of change is if you can show the govern- pressure on high school teachers to teach algebra better ment how to spend its $200 billion better, or its $500 billion will help their students working at third-grade level who better, that’s how you start to have a really big impact.” haven’t yet mastered multi-digit arithmetic. Some of that impact can already be seen. A 2012–13 One solution to this problem has been recognized for a Crime Lab study, for example, determined that Chicago’s long time: individualized instruction. The Math Lab, Lud- dropout and violence prevention program Becoming a Man wig points out, follows the same educational model that has reduced violent crime arrests by 44 percent among partici- been used at the University of Oxford for centuries. “What pants during the program year. Becoming a Man, which the people who founded Oxford knew was that one-on-one offers in-school and after-school sessions to build boys’ instruction, or two-on-one instruction, is the most effective social-cognitive skills, now serves about 2,000 students in way to teach anybody anything.” The challenge has been not Chicago. The results of the study also helped inspire Presi- about solving a pedagogical problem so much as an economics dent Barack Obama’s $200 million My Brother’s Keeper problem: how to give Oxford-style instruction at CPS prices? initiative, announced in 2014. Match Education may have found a way. “The key a-ha The labs, Ludwig says, are “trying to help the govern- moment that Match had,” says Ludwig, “was to realize that ment spend its money in a way that generates more social teaching one or two kids is fundamentally different from good per dollar spent.” Or, as Knowles puts it, to “make teaching 25 or 30 kids. What you need to be able to do to be smarter choices to improve the human condition, at scale.” a good tutor is massively different from what you need to be a good classroom teacher.” Being able to successfully teach in the classroom involves n any school system, differences in students’ academic years of practice and training in pedagogy and classroom skills grow larger and larger as they progress through management. Several studies, Ludwig says, have shown the grade levels. The effect can be particularly pro- that most teachers perform quite badly in their first couple I nounced in systems serving many students from eco- of years. But the steep learning curve is worth it for a class- nomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Middle schools and room teacher who makes a lifelong commitment.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 27 By recruiting a large pool of tutors who serve for one year, Match Education may have solved a key economic prob- lem that has stood in the way of bringing individualized instruction to urban public schools.

To get results as a tutor, he says, requires only knowl- this past summer, for the first time, CVCA did not need to edge of the material, good rapport with people, and com - provide any credit-recovery classes for failing students. mitment, “so you can expand the pool of people who tutor, Instead the school focused on offering higher-level math lower the costs, and thereby solve the key economic prob- and honors courses. lem at the heart of all this.” Because a tutor doesn’t need Tutor Marian McElroy, a retired attorney, works with a special training or years of on-the-job learning to become total of 10 students. Tutors are required to contact parents good at it, Match can recruit recent college graduates or or guardians at least once a week, and she talks with some older career switchers who are willing to work for a mod- of the parents almost every day. That’s crucial, she says, est salary for a year as a public service, in the same spirit in “so that you’re not just always giving them the bad news. which new college graduates join Teach for America or the Nobody wants the bad news all the time.” One of her stu - Peace Corps. The Match tutors—about 85 across the test dents, Michael, was in a special needs math classroom until schools—work full time, teach 12 to 14 students each, and this year. Now his performance has reached the level of his are paid $17,000 for the year plus benefits. peers, and he’s even participated in a math competition at If the Education Lab and its partners can persuade cities the school. He shyly reported that his mother bought him to invest in tutoring on a large scale, thousands of students a cake after McElroy called to tell her that he had won two who have fallen far behind could catch up to grade level, rounds of the contest. reengage with regular classroom instruction, and begin to have real hope for a diploma. Ludwig calls the tutoring a safety net for those students, and a potential solution to what’s been an intractable systemic challenge for urban school districts across the country. SINCE THE MATCH TUTORING PROGRAM hen principal Douglas Maclin arrived at CVCA four years ago, just 44 percent of the freshman ARRIVED IN FALL 2013, class was “on track” for graduation—that is, W passing all their classes. Math and English classes THE FRESHMAN ON- were particular obstacles. After Maclin’s first year that rate improved into the low 70s. Now, since the Match tutoring program arrived at the school in fall 2013, the freshman TRACK RATE HAS on-track rate has risen to more than 86 percent, and the sophomore rate to 87 percent. “The only thing different in RISEN TO MORE THAN our school is Match,” says Maclin. The program has helped the most lagging freshmen and sophomores so much that 86 PERCENT. nelles andrew by photography

28 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Michael diligently attends his daily tutoring sessions bout halfway through the study, the students in with McElroy and has gotten into the habit of eating his CVCA’s Math Lab doubled the amount of math lunch in the Math Lab classroom. Felipe Alaniz, the site they would have been expected to learn without tu- director of the Match program at CVCA, works to cre - A toring, and many caught up with grade level. Data ate an environment where students have a second home. from across the 15 test schools tells a similar story. Math Lab The boys’ Math Lab (separate from the girls’ classroom students fail math courses half as often as students not in the because Urban Labs is tracking their data separately) is program, and fail other courses 23 percent less often. They decorated with posters showing every tutor’s picture, also closed the black-white test score gap by 30 percent—an educational background, and fa - improvement previously considered vorite foods and hobbies. Chicago unlikely at the high school level. The native Miss Cooper recently gradu- results are particularly heartening to ated from Syracuse University and the Education Lab given the scale of loves chicken Alfredo. Mr. Cooman the study, with more than 1,000 stu- studied biochemistry at IIT. Miss dents participating last year. Richards went to Northwestern Uni- In the education policy world, Lud- versity and likes to knit. wig says, it has been widely thought Each 50-minute Match session starts that helping more at-risk youth from with a five-minute silent written quiz. low-income backgrounds stay and suc- This assesses the student’s skill level URBAN VISION ceed in high school is nearly impossible. on the concept he is studying in his Many experts have suspected that ado- regular math class, or that he will learn What makes the University of Chicago lescence might already be too late to in that day’s Match session. No one, not Urban Labs’ approach distinct, according substantially improve the academic even the tutors or Alaniz, can speak to Pritzker Director Timothy Knowles: outcomes of children in poverty. But the in the classroom during this time. At • Rigorous research that aspires to Match study’s early results indicate that the end of the session a second five- improve the human condition at teens like Veronica, Sarah, and Michael minute assessment informs the tutors large scale still have a chance. of their students’ progress and allows • Close partnerships with leading Many more students may get that Alaniz to collect data on the tutors’ government and not-for-profit chance. After seeing the first year’s effectiveness. agencies to maximize the chances results, CPS took over stewardship Alaniz jokes and laughs easily that encouraging results translate of the program for 2015–16 and hopes with the students, but he can become into social impact to expand it in coming years. And af- serious quickly when holding them • A commitment to helping promote ter the New York Times covered the accountable. He uses what he called broad-scale adoption of promising program last winter, cities across the “success rhetoric” to motivate the solutions United States contacted Match about students, addressing each as Mister implementing the model, including or Miss and using their last names To support the Urban Labs, New York City. Ludwig and Knowles even when speaking about them to visit mag.uchicago.edu/ hope that eventually the program will colleagues. The main reason some support-urban. draw government funds now support- students continue to perform poorly ing programs with less evidence of ef- despite Match, he says, is missing school frequently. Alaniz fectiveness, multiplying the number of students who benefit. tries to get to know each student’s family and personal At CVCA, Math Lab continues this fall, growing to situation so he can stay attuned to their moods and help include 120 students from 80 last year. Again it serves when they get discouraged. freshmen and sophomores who are at the highest risk for “A lot of students are going through a lot,” he says. dropping out due to poor academic achievement. Asked if “Sometimes they’ll come in and I can already tell, because they wanted to continue with the tutoring program next you get to know their ways and their mannerisms. That’s year, all the students interviewed for this story said, with- really my role. I want my tutors to have all their authority; out hesitation, yes. ◆ they rule their tables. But I’m that support where, if they have two students at a time and one student just needs to Maya Dukmasova is a freelance writer and photographer vent or talk, I’m the one that will take them and talk to based in Chicago. She writes about issues of social justice

photography by andrew nelles andrew by photography them outside.” and social inequality for local and national publications.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 29 125 years DÉJÀ

VIEWSHistorical postcards capture UChicago as it was and as it wanted to be seen. BY LAURA DEMANSKI, AM’94

he picture postcard is older than the University of Chicago, but its ascent began in this very neighbor- hood. Souvenir cards were sold in large numbers at the T 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition on the Midway. The “golden age” of privately published postcards soon fol- lowed, when the cost of mailing them dropped from two cents to one. UChicago was well represented in their ranks. At the Logan Center through January 3, more than 200 cards from the collection of longtime staffer Michael H. Levine appear in the exhibition Greetings from the Midway: A Postcard History of the University of Chicago. They span 12 decades, capturing football heroes, panoramas and bird’s- eye views, campus landmarks, and scenes of daily life. Flip them over and many reveal the more personal pen-and-ink historical records of a student’s routines or a tourist’s im- pressions—mailable glimpses of the life of the University from its infancy to today. ◆

30 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015

125 years

FUTURE TENSE As the University celebrates its 125th anniversary, the Magazine asked campus

experts to speculate about what challenges, theispot.com c/o campbell harry ©2015 discoveries, and new research paths will define their fields after another quarter century of inquiry and impact. What do they foresee in the year 2040? Read on.

32 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 one’s own culture and assumptions is beneficial for self-un- derstanding. But it did so from a standpoint that emphasized LIBERAL ARTS the value of new research, based on rational argument and the protection of diverse patterns of thought and meaning. EDUCATION As a result of this capacity to innovate in creative, but rigorous and disciplined ways, the liberal arts at Chicago John W. Boyer, AM’69, PhD’75 are today stronger than ever. College alumni from all dis- Martin A. Ryerson Distinguished Service Professor, ciplines reflect upon the Core as the most formative part of Department of History, and Dean of the College their undergraduate experience. The years to come will see the emergence of more new Core sequences that reflect new traditions of scholarship but also rededicate the faculty’s he future of the liberal arts at elite colleges has been commitment to general education. highly visible in public discussions in the last year, in- When we describe Chicago as an ideal university, we are spiring commentary in the press and on college cam- referring to its commitment to the logic and purpose of what T puses across the country. Some of this has come in a true university should be—it is not a trade school, an NGO, response to pieces by William Deresiewicz (Excellent Sheep: a kindergarten, an ideological advocacy group, and it is cer- The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Mean- tainly not a shopping mall. It seeks not to shelter its mem- ingful Life and a recent Harper’s article), who argues that elite bers from hard and discomforting facts but to enable them institutions, under the sway of educational “neoliberalism,” to attain disciplined self-enlightenment. Nowadays all great have reduced the value of the liberal arts to their economic universities claim such norms, but our success in embracing, utility. Where higher education once sought the formation of enhancing, and sustaining them is deeply rooted in our own character and intellectual autonomy, it has conformed to the history, a history of early failure that led our founders to be language and values of the marketplace. This, the argument willing to take great risks in the name of creating something goes, is perilous to the work of self-discovery, and even more very different from what had gone before. The new Univer- so to the humanities themselves, which are being eclipsed by sity was particularly dedicated to the ideal of academic free- more lucrative majors in the STEM (science, technology, en- gineering, and math) fields and economics. This is a potent and in some ways arresting argument. Yet as reviewers have noted, it is more prophecy than careful di- THE YEARS TO agnosis, and recapitulates many of the charges of educational corruption that have surfaced regularly about American higher education since the early 20th century. It supposes COME WILL SEE THE an institution whose curriculum and mission are shapelessly adapted to new fads, lacking the legitimacy of a campus cul- EMERGENCE OF MORE ture that is itself suffused with scholarly values. Fortunately, that institution is not the University of Chicago. NEW CORE SEQUENCES One of the themes of our 125-year history has been thought- ful curricular innovation, rooted in the values of interdisciplin- ary thought, rigorous meritocracy, and intellectual analysis. THAT REFLECT ©2015 harry campbell c/o theispot.com c/o campbell harry ©2015 These values lie at the heart of the Core, which introduces ev- ery student, regardless of major, to the practices of humanistic NEW TRADITIONS reflection as a basis for further study. The Core has been able to accommodate many challenges since the 1930s. OF SCHOLARSHIP BUT A fascinating example of this innovation lies in the Red- field-Singer Project of the 1950s, which introduced the idea ALSO REDEDICATE of comparative cultural studies to our general education. Conceived during the Cold War, the project created new se- quences (beginning with Islamic, Chinese, and South Asian THE FACULTY’S Civilizations) to be studied alongside Western Civilization, in part to enable students to scrutinize their own cultural heri- COMMITMENT TO tage. The Redfield-Singer Project embraced the idea that all knowledge is comparative and that cognitive distance from GENERAL EDUCATION.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 33 dom at a time when such ideas where not well understood in This knowledge can now be exploited to gain a better American society. The right to stare new and uncomfortable understanding of how immunological and metabolic ho- realities in the face, and to respond with reason and argu- meostasis can be restored. As a result, we are approaching ment and not with emotion, came not because such notions a new era of discovery that will lead to microbiome-based were pleasing and attractive, but because they were funda- interventions and diagnostics that will become the future mental to the pursuit of basic scholarship. tools of precision medicine—and ultimately lead to im- Our students profit enormously from the intellectual ex- proved clinical outcomes and the prevention and cure of citement, the willing devotion to scholarly research, and many diseases. learning and seriousness of purpose that have marked and shaped our community from its very conception. The Core curriculum that emerged in the 1930s would have been un- thinkable without the prior creation of a campus academic culture that took undergraduate learning seriously. Many KNOWLEDGE worry today about the fate of the liberal arts, but such fears are misplaced at a university like Chicago that is not only Shadi Bartsch-Zimmer resolutely devoted to research and teaching in the humani- Helen A. Regenstein Distinguished Service Professor, ties but has students who believe in that mission as well. Department of Classics, and Inaugural Faculty Director, Stevanovich Institute on the Formation of Knowledge

he mission of the Stevanovich Institute is to unite MEDICINE scholars from many different fields to study the pro- cess of knowledge formation and transmittal from Eugene B. Chang, MD’76 T antiquity to the present day and, in correlation, to Martin Boyer Professor, Department of Medicine, explore how this history shapes our modern world. and Associate Director, Academic Programs and Training The questions we ask include: What are the sites from in Gastroenterology which discourses of knowledge emerge and derive legiti- macy? What is the impact of the conditions and restrictions upon the constitution of knowledge, its circulation, and its ne challenge of this millennium will be dealing with transmission to the future? How are (and were) political life, the onslaught of “new age” disorders, that is, diseases religious belief, and scientific exploration shaped by assump- less prevalent 50 to 100 years ago but now increasing in tions about what knowledge is? As just one very obvious ex- O frequency despite the many advances in modern medi- ample, one might consider the history of the “disciplines” in cine. These include complex immune disorders like inflamma- the West, each of them a form of knowledge that has been tory bowel diseases, type 1 diabetes, Celiac disease, asthma, legitimized within the context of the university, but each of and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as more common diseases them still subject to formation and obsolescence. such as colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. We hope that 2040 would see widespread acceptance of The rapid pace of these developments cannot be ex- the idea that our state of present knowledge, with its particu- plained by genetic drift but is likely due to shifts in environ- lar focuses, biases, fields, and even its faith in science, is the mental factors and societal norms brought on by cultural direct product of particular historical, cultural, and political Westernization. Accompanying these are dramatic chang- developments. Awareness of this feature, which is rarely es in the collective human microbiome of the gastrointesti- studied or acknowledged, can add nuance to our acceptance nal tract, a community of trillions of microbial organisms of our cultural and intellectual status quo, and to our ability to that together function as an “acquired” organ of our bodies, contextualize both ourselves and others within a longer view. essential to sustaining health. One can conceive of the implications for modern diplomacy, The gut microbial organ plays a vital role in shaping our for example, if diplomats were properly acquainted with immune and metabolic systems. Like any other organ of the some of these large-scale issues of context. The Stevanovich body, perturbations in its development and function caused Institute would like to raise these questions in the hope that by environmental, dietary, or lifestyle factors can have they can encourage a deeper and richer understanding of the disastrous repercussions and result in the development of modern world through both its connection to and dissocia- acute and chronic diseases. tion from underlying and age-old modes of thought.

34 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 achieve life-critical reliability and 100-fold trust and dura- COMPUTING bility improvements. Human Interaction. 2015: Tedious poking, dragging, and Andrew A. Chien pinching on tiny flat screens. Today: Breakthroughs in 3-D William Eckhardt Professor, Department of Computer Science, sensing, computational geometry, and distributed comput- and Director, CERES Center for Unstoppable Computing ing enable human actions of any scale, gesture, or expres- sion, providing broad natural cyberphysical interfaces and A Message from the Future rich, natural user experience. n 2015 the wonders of computing filled us with amazement. Applications. 2015: Pedantic control of specific actions, Instant, continuous communication, worldwide informa- step-by-step detailed control, and simple automation. To- tion access, a “nervous system” to control and connect day: Breakthroughs in deep, dark, and wide learning and I large societal endeavors (company, cause, community) big data enable applications to undertake subtle, complex across space and time. Email, www, Twitter, Facebook, Snap- tasks, negotiating nuance, personality, and circumstance to chat, Uber, Instacart. It was hard to see the limits of comput- do what we really want. ing, but from our perspective in 2040, they are clear. More profoundly, computing has matured into an art Power. 2015: Batteries, daily charging, heat. Today: and science based on our growing understanding that per- Breakthroughs in custom architecture and thrifty, approxi- spective, aesthetics, inspiration, and taste play a critical mate, and volatile computing mean a postjoule era where role in the design of large-scale software, global-scale sys- computing is effectively unlimited. tems, and user interface. The information architecture of Networks. 2015: Jerky video, wait for download, dropped big data sets has become the foundational infrastructure connections. Today: Breakthroughs in cognitive and con - for modern society—more essential than water, electric- verged networks achieve multispectrum harmony and deliv- ity, and internet infrastructures. Students who study this er the anytime, anywhere broadband vision in an anytime, integrated field examine great works and great masters, most places flavor. and the trajectory of new ideas and schools of thought and Dependability. 2015: Weekly crashes, monthly security style. These trends are informed by profound creativity exploits, constant updates. Today: Breakthroughs in un- and insight as well as the constraints of computing science stoppable computing create disciplined modular structure, and technology. enable self-repair, and enforce behavior limits. Computing devices, from internet-of-things to wearable to medical, COMPUTING HAS MUSIC Martha Feldman MATURED INTO AN ART Mabel Greene Myers Professor, Department of Music

AND SCIENCE BASED hen the year 2040 comes around we will be living on a planet so different from the present one that ON OUR GROWING it’s hard to imagine what music scholars will be W doing. But two things seem certain. For one, they UNDERSTANDING will stop fighting over how politically engaged they might be, for vast waves of migration and radical alterations in THAT PERSPECTIVE, the anthropocene will render such battles moot. For an- other, they will be responding evermore to a posthuman landscape in which the human body interacts fluidly with AESTHETICS, technology. What will that mean? Recreating Beethoven or Michael Jackson in holographs exchanged via the inter- INSPIRATION, AND TASTE net, accessing library information systems from chips in their wrists, demonstrating musical perception via robotic PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE. interaction, and much else.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 35 By 2040, I think we’ll have cured diseases that we thought INNOVATION impossible to cure and created new solutions for energy storage and water purification that far surpass anything we John Flavin imagine today. Executive Director, Chicago Innovation Exchange

ne hundred and twenty-five years ago innovators were developing commercial automobiles and at- CITIES tempting air travel, while scientists were discover- O ing radioactivity and X-rays, and suggesting that Timothy Knowles manmade CO2 emissions might cause global warming. Pritzker Director, University of Chicago Urban Labs, and Just 50 short years ago, people were developing fiber Chairman, University of Chicago Urban Education Institute optics, creating the first microprocessor, inventing the first car phones and voicemail systems, and establish - ing the era of modern computing (including sending the he world is facing the highest rate of urbanization in first emails). Scientists were significantly advancing our human history. The number of people living in ur- understanding of molecular biology, bacteriology, virol- ban areas grows by approximately 60 million every ogy, and genetics, paving the way for developments like T year. By 2050, the urban population is expected to the Human Genome Project. nearly double from 3.9 billion to 6.4 billion, with explosive We’ve achieved an incredible amount in a short time - growth occurring in Africa and Asia. frame. And yet I maintain that technology will evolve even This massive urbanization creates significant opportu- faster over the next 25 years, perhaps doubling the speed nity. Cities generate jobs and income—nearly 80 percent of of innovation we saw over the past 50 years. And I believe all goods and services worldwide are produced in urban ar- entrepreneurs will be the trailblazers driving us forward. eas. Cities can empower the disenfranchised and catalyze Small teams can now tap into the speed of computation social mobility. With good governance cities can deliver necessary to address these challenges, while continued ur- schooling, health care, and other essential services more ef- banization and the development of innovation ecosystems fectively and efficiently than rural areas. Of course urban- will connect multidisciplinary teams in new ways, ensur- ization also creates unparalleled challenges: concentrated ing that discoveries and ideas developed in the lab will have poverty, crime, environmental degradation, inadequate a better chance of reaching the marketplace. housing, and poor-quality schooling. In the 25 years ahead, Urban Labs will help cities make smarter bets, build knowledge about what matters most, TECHNOLOGY WILL and improve human lives at scale. EVOLVE EVEN FASTER OVER THE NEXT 25 HIGHER EDUCATION Mark R. Nemec YEARS, PERHAPS Dean of the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and DOUBLING THE SPEED Professional Studies he beauty of higher education institutions in the OF INNOVATION WE United States is found in their ability to adapt and remain relevant while staying true to their long- SAW OVER THE PAST T standing values. We’re now in a period of redefi- nition—perhaps the largest since the emergence of the 50 YEARS. research university 125 years ago. The forces at play today

36 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 are the same ones that drove these universities’ emergence in the 1890s: demographics, urbanization, globalization, WE ARE IN A MOMENT and the advent of technology. Alumni are increasingly going to expect an experience based not just on nostalgia but also on continued learning. OF TRANSITION IN THE Technology will be critical in facilitating this, and in sup - porting effective delivery of genuinely lifelong learning. WAY PHILOSOPHERS The median age of people engaging with education will continue to rise, both because we’ll continue to live longer RAISE TRADITIONAL and because we’ll continue to demand higher education throughout our lives. At the Graham School we have PhDs QUESTIONS AND IN THE and MBAs coming back to do professional master’s degrees in newly emerging interdisciplinary fields. As in years past, institutions of higher learning will need to adapt to these SORTS OF ANSWERS new realities. Higher education always reflects its society while also THEY TAKE TO BE trying to advance that society. The University of Chicago is uniquely positioned to help shape what the next 25 years ADEQUATE. will look like. You could argue that UChicago defined the last 125 years, in part by establishing the first extension unit in this country (and arguably the first in the world). Today more self-consciously humanistic, treating the concepts of we are very much focused on defining the future. ethics, philosophy of mind, and even logic as ones through The next 25 years are going to bring a very rapid accelera- which we understand ourselves and our world as meaning- tion of these trends. But it’s going to enhance what we do, ful. They will continue a trend of reinvigorating philosophy not disrupt it—because of our ability to lead. The strength through conversation with the past and with other cultures. of our greatest universities will be seen in their capacity This splitting of philosophy into scientific and humanistic to adapt and advance society in the face of those forces of strands has happened before—for example, the scientific change that are at once new and very familiar. and philosophical revolutions of the 16th century—and it will happen again. All in all, this is a cause for celebration.

PHILOSOPHY LEARNING Gabriel Richardson Lear Professor and Chair, Department of Philosophy Sian L. Beilock Professor, Department of Psychology, and Vice Provost for Academic Initiatives wenty-five years from now philosophers will be ask- ing “What is justice?” “What is knowledge?” “What is happiness?”… just as they have for the past 2,400 see us having a much clearer understanding of the T years (2015 is the 125th anniversary of the University of brain—how it underlies our ability to learn, remem- Chicago; 2016 is the 2,400th anniversary of Aristotle’s birth). ber, and perform. In turn, the way we educate our But seriously, we are in a moment of transition in the way I children in the classroom will have changed based on philosophers raise traditional questions and in the sorts of this enhanced understanding of learning. Each child will answers they take to be adequate. In recent years, some be in a better position to reach his or her potential—re - philosophers have begun incorporating the methods and gardless of race or income level—because we will have findings of empirical social science more closely into their greater knowledge of how children take information in work. I expect this trend to continue so that 25 years from and apply it to new situations they encounter. This new now it may be difficult to distinguish a difference. knowledge will also help teachers and parents bring out Meanwhile, other philosophers will continue becoming the best in their children.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 37 the economic power to afford the technology itself, de - LANGUAGES spite its decreasing costs. Refugeeism may weaken the demographic strengths of Salikoko Mufwene, PhD’79 some languages, while it is also doubtful that new, lasting lin- Frank J. McLoraine Distinguished Service Professor, guistic diasporas will emerge that are comparable to those of Department of Linguistics imperial European languages today. The real impact of refu- geeism will depend on whether or not the refugees, most of whom relocate to neighboring territories, will assimilate to s well expressed by the late Stephen Jay Gould, the population structures of their host countries, if they remain study of evolution looks into the past, not into the fu- there permanently. This factor will determine whether the ture! The reason is that evolution is subject to various linguascape of Africa, for example, will change. A ecological factors that may no longer apply in the fu- ture. It is reluctantly that I express the following speculations. If the distribution of economic powers around the world remains what it is now, it’s quite likely that, 25 years from today, Mandarin will not take the place of English as the THE BRAIN world’s foremost lingua franca, though more and more peo- ple will be learning it in school. One of the reasons is that John Maunsell more and more Chinese will be learning English too, as will Professor, Department of Neurobiology, and Director, more and more Indians, as long as the USA and the Brit- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, ish Commonwealth remain the greatest buying markets and Human Behavior for raw materials and other commodities produced around the world, and the United States and the United Kingdom remain the leaders in science and technology. e can anticipate dramatic progress in neuroscience Despite the increasing long-distance population move- over the next two and half decades, but those ad - ments facilitated by the worldwide globalization of vances might not be the ones most people expect. economic systems, by relatively more affordable long- W A common theme in movies and books is that we’ll distance transportation, and by more integrative commu- soon be able to connect hardware to our brains to upload nication networks, English will continue to speciate into memories, enhance performance, or enter into lifelike vir- regional varieties, which may become less mutually intel- tual worlds. ligible. The factors that shape their norms are very local, The first steps toward interfacing directly with machines despite the globalization of communication technology, exist today in the form of prosthetics that can let deaf pa- which, by the way, is still inaccessible to large segments of tients perceive sound or allow paralyzed patients to move a Third World populations. That technology is supported robotic arm. But these devices can tap only a tiny fraction of by electricity, which they do not have. Nor do they have the signals flowing into and out of the brain, and the fantas- tically intricate, inaccessible, and fragile nature of most of the brain’s wiring will make increasing such artificial data transfer exponentially difficult. Instead, neuroscience is likely to have its greatest influ- ENGLISH WILL CONTINUE ence on society by improving medicine and contributing to fields as diverse as education, law, and public policy. TO SPECIATE INTO Impressive developments are being made in revealing the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with brain REGIONAL VARIETIES, function in normal and diseased states, and in the coming decades this understanding will open the door to molecular medicine that could address a range of brain diseases. WHICH MAY BECOME On a different front, a better grasp of the computations the brain performs to let us feel, think, and move could en- LESS MUTUALLY rich our lives in many ways. Treatment of disturbed men- tal function could be greatly improved once we understand INTELLIGIBLE. the nuts and bolts of normal cognition. A detailed under-

38 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 standing of how brains learn could lead to substantial im- and religious leadership that engages politics. provements in education. Finally, there is the prospect of a Last but not least, a caveat. For one to lead, others must scientific understanding of human biases and fears that lets follow; and nothing has been more dynamically expressed us better anticipate and counter the foibles of our personal in religion today than the mobility of ostensible followers. and political interactions.

RELIGION LAW Geoffrey R. Stone, JD’71 Richard A. Rosengarten, AM’88, PhD’94 Edward H. Levi Distinguished Service Professor, Associate Professor and Interim Dean, Divinity School Law School

he next 25 years of religion at first blush will concern he most important Supreme Court decision in the its organization in space. The equator will be a use- next 25 years will be the decision that overrules Citi- ful divining (not dividing) line: Christianity’s cen - zens United v. Federal Election Commission. This will T ter of gravity will be southerly, and its diminishing T certainly happen. History will judge that Citizens numbers to the north will have as a complement the migra- United was the worst decision in the history of the Supreme tions of peoples who bring Islam, especially, but also a va- Court—worse even than Korematsu v. United States (which riety of other traditions and practices, into societies where upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during words like “toleration” will be challenged, in theory and in World War II), worse even than Plessy v. Ferguson (which practice, afresh. held that racial segregation was constitutional), worse even So far so good, and not terribly surprising. But this shift- than Dred Scott v. Sandford (which held that African Ameri- ing of the religious tectonic plates will place ever more cans could not be American citizens). explicit pressure on the relation between the category “reli- gion” and the traditions that are Judaism, Buddhism, Hindu- ism, and—most keenly, given their sizes and international span—Islam and Christianity. Generalizations about “reli- gion” will more directly than ever encounter, for example, IF AMERICAN the self-understanding of a Muslim car dealer in Morehead, Kentucky. Governments north and south of the equator will DEMOCRACY IS TO have to address the place of religion in public life to both gen- eral naysayers to any such role, and to the particular, varie- BE SAVED, IT WILL gated understandings of such a role held by the religions in their midst. Religious leaders will need to articulate their faiths’ histories and traditions without devolving either into THEREFORE HAVE TO simplistic “our way or the highway” rhetoric, or into claims for exceptionalism that will only—and often not wrongly— BE SAVED BY FIVE play to the skepticism of the naysayers. Such a scenario will call for decidedly new leadership FUTURE JUSTICES OF for governments and religions. Prime ministers and presi- dents, popes and rabbis and ayatollahs will alike need to limn anew modernity’s vexed negotiation of its true equa- THE SUPREME COURT tor: the state and religion. For this the splendid human qualities of the Lincolns and Gandhis and Kings—prin- ... WHO WILL RIGHT THE cipled patience, steadfast practicality, compelling articu- lation—will need to be in the service of new articulations WRONG BY OVERRULING of religious fealty, loyal citizenship, and their relation. I anticipate political leadership that will show its religion, CITIZENS UNITED.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 39 Although Citizens United was a bad First Amendment decision at the time it was decided in 2010, the error of the COHORT TURNOVER court’s ways has become increasingly clear with the passage of time. Even now, only five years later, some 80 percent of the American people disapprove of the decision. By hold- IS A POWERFUL AND ing that government cannot constitutionally regulate the impact of money in politics, the five-justice majority inCiti - CONTINUING ENGINE zens United opened the floodgates to a handful of billionaires to control the outcomes of the American electoral process. OF SOCIETAL CHANGE. Moreover, because those billionaires now have that freedom, it is impossible to imagine a scenario in which the American people could amend the Constitution to over- tion will be partly (maybe mostly) offset by an expansion of rule the decision. The amendment process is affected by people who classify themselves as spiritual but not religious, the same corrupting influence of money. and those following personal religions and blended religions. If American democracy is to be saved, it will therefore Attitudes and public opinion are even harder to reliably have to be saved by five future justices of the Supreme Court predict, but cohort turnover is a powerful and continuing who will see the damage their predecessors have wreaked on engine of societal change. It has led to greater acceptance of American democracy and who will right the wrong by over- racial and ethnic diversity, modern gender roles, and equal- ruling Citizens United. And this, I am confident, will happen. ity across differing sexual identities. It is likely that those But the question is: what then? Even if our elected rep - trends will continue. Of course these are all largely normal- resentatives are finally freed to exercise sound judgment state predictions, discounting cataclysmic upheavals from and enact laws designed to restore American democracy, pandemics, nuclear war, or other global catastrophes. Hope- will they actually do so? After all, by then—and, indeed, fully, such won’t be in our next 25 years. perhaps even already—our elected officials are the benefi- ciaries of the existing system of corruption. Will they re - ally change the rules that benefit them as individuals? By 2040, we surely will know. ENGINEERING Matthew Tirrell Dean and Founding Pritzker Director, Institute for PUBLIC OPINION Molecular Engineering, and Deputy Laboratory Director for Science, Argonne National Laboratory Tom W. Smith, PhD’80 Senior Fellow and Director, NORC at the University of Chicago olecular engineering means designing and building useful devices and processes from the molecular level up. Since 2011 the University n 2040, I’ll be 91 (which just might happen since my fa- M of Chicago has been driving a new approach to ther made it to 93). Certain science-social predictions engineering education and research via the Institute for can be made with a high degree of confidence given Molecular Engineering. The essence of this approach is I well-established demographic patterns. For example, capitalizing on convergence among traditionally different America will be more racially, ethnically, and religiously disciplines. Our idea is that engineering is the application diverse. The US Census Bureau projects that America will of science to develop useful approaches to problems of soci- no longer be a majority “white” nation by 2043. Moreover, ety. Where traditional engineering focuses on developing greater diversity is being socially recognized as multiracial distinctive tool sets, the IME’s approach brings together and multiethnic identities are increasingly being reflected different tool sets to solve problems. both in official statistics and in how people see themselves. What can we expect it to deliver in the next 25 years? A little more speculative are other well-established trends Some of the answers will stem from the applied science such as a decline in people identifying with and practicing a themes of the IME. In the realm of information technolo- specific organized religion. But this indicator of seculariza- gies, we will see an increasing implementation of quantum

40 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 technologies replacing digital technologies, leading to more powerful computing and more secure communications, as ASSIMILATION well as unprecedented new sensors for biomedical applica- tions. Engineering applied to the immune system, with ap- proaches ranging from synthetic vaccines to control of fluid BRINGS BOTH movement in tissues, is a rich and underexploited route to dealing with intractable medical conditions, from cancer UNDERSTANDING AND to diabetes. The IME is leading the way in developing new therapies via immuno-engineering. Computational science MISUNDERSTANDING, is moving from the study of small “toy” models of systems to a priori design of new materials on the computer, with BOTH PROSPERITY applications in new polymers, semiconductors, and devic- es. The next 25 years will see a dramatic change in how we develop and preserve our precious water resources, with a AND PITFALLS. strong focus on the nexus among the food, energy, and wa- ter sectors. Agriculture demands water but also threatens tury—writers like Nella Larsen, Ralph Ellison, and Toni water with fertilizer and pesticide runoffs. It takes water Morrison. As I’ve experienced myself, assimilation brings to generate useful energy and it takes energy to purify wa- both understanding and misunderstanding, both prosperity ter. Ongoing research in IME will contribute to new solu- and pitfalls. And the more children born of Asian and non- tions to these issues. Asian parents, the richer and more complex the material will be for our next generation of Asian American artists. Nothing creates more compelling art than the ambiguity of liminal existence, of uncertain and indecisive identity. CULTURAL IDENTITY Vu Tran Assistant Professor of Practice in the Arts, Department PUBLIC POLICY of English Marci Ybarra Assistant Professor, School of Social Service Administration came to the United States from Vietnam in 1980, when I was five, and in the last three decades, I’ve seen Amer- ica’s cultural views of Asians change in ways I would n 25 years we will have moved from immigration policy I have never expected. I remember casually calling myself that’s individually based to one that’s family based, with “oriental” in grade school, something that would escape no visas and laws for nuclear families. One immigration- Asian American’s lips these days, unless ironically. I’ve seen I related policy that’s received a lot of attention recently Vietnam become a desired tourist destination and Vietnamese is the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, launched in cuisine attain high culinary status. I’ve seen sriracha sauce—a 2012. It’s essentially a visa for those who entered the country secret staple in my family—become the hot sauce of choice for with their parents prior to their 16th birthday and are undoc- many Americans. And most interestingly, I see Caucasian/ umented. The visa has to be renewed every two years, but Asian relationships so regularly that it’s actually rare to meet as long as they are in school or working, the visa is supposed a couple who are both Asian. We’ve even arrived at the point, to be renewed. Ideally, this is a pathway to citizenship. But problematically or not, where some people argue that Asian/ it doesn’t take care of the citizenship statuses of other fam- White Americans should simply be considered white. ily members. From a research perspective we know that if I can’t help seeing a significant increase in intermar- someone in a family, especially a parent, is undocumented riage—especially for my fellow Vietnamese—in the next and at risk of deportation and the child is a citizen or has a 25 years and, as a result, an inevitable shift in the way Asian visa, the psychological impact and the choices that have to faces and narratives are presented in our culture. be made around resources are critical to the family, but es - The result, I think, is that ambiguity will thrive, similar pecially to the kids. So from a family perspective, it would to how it has for African American artists in the past cen - make sense to view immigration as a “family policy.”

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 41 I also think paid family leave will be the law of the land. But understanding what drives the behavior of armed groups and we shouldn’t assume that will be a panacea for work-life bal- governments in conflict settings. ance. Coupled with paid family leave, we will see—and will This is a better way to approach the questions about root need to see—movement on other social insurance programs causes that motivated the previous generation. And the fine- like temporary disability insurance. The nature of work is grained data that today’s researchers collect allows us to ask a changing and for too many workers the safety net is becoming host of new questions—about how, rather than why, conflicts more frayed. Families, particularly lone parents, are increas- are fought—that are of great interest in the post-9/11 world. ingly vulnerable when there’s a new baby, or a disability that Understanding intrastate, asymmetric, and irregular con - keeps them temporarily out of work, or difficulty finding a flicts requires new theories and data. Providing more credible job. For the safety net to become more of a safety “mesh,” so answers to the questions of the past, and turning our attention to speak, is going to have to happen on the social insurance to rigorously addressing these new questions, are the great side: paid family leave, temporary disability insurance, and challenges for the next generation of conflict researchers. the expansion of our unemployment insurance system, which addresses the needs of low wage workers who are left increas- ingly unprotected by the laws in the United States. FINANCIAL MARKETS Lars Peter Hansen GLOBAL CONFLICT David Rockefeller Distinguished Service Professor, Departments of Economics and Statistics, and Research Ethan Bueno de Mesquita Director, Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics Professor and Deputy Dean for Research and Strategic Initiatives, Chicago Harris e know that financial crises have been recurring events in the past. Many academics and policy mak- ver the past generation, scholars have been trying ers thought that in developed economies the macro- to understand the so-called root causes of conflict. W economy was more insulated from financial market That is a deep question—why do people resort to vio- disruptions. The recent crisis, however, exposed some gaps O lence to resolve political, economic, religious, or oth- in our understanding of the interplay between financing im- er disagreements, when there are less costly ways forward? pediments on investors, the role of financial markets, and the In the past, empirical scholars tried to answer these big ques- performance of the macroeconomy. Many of the quantitative tions with cross-country data sets that captured both which macroeconomic models that were featured six or eight years countries experienced conflict and the possible correlates of ago had a rather passive role for financial markets. conflict—for example, facts about a country’s economy, eth- Since the recent financial crisis, there’s been a rush to nic fractionalization, colonial legacy, and political institutions. build macroeconomic models with more interesting roles We’ve come to understand that it is hard to make much prog- for financial considerations, but it’s been done in a very hur- ress in this way. Such comparisons don’t credibly uncover the ried way. I would like to see a much better understanding of causal relationships posited by theories of conflict. the connections between finance and the macroeconomy A new generation of conflicts scholars is focusing on unfold in the coming years. We may never design a system fine-grained, within-conflict data. In partnership with that’s fully insulated from shocks to whatever form financial governments or NGOs, scholars have managed to engage in markets take in the future, but it will be good if we expand actual experimental manipulation in conflict settings from our understanding and build a better set of models to guide Afghanistan to the Philippines. And even when experimen- policy. I really hope progress can be made, and I’m cautiously tation is impossible, a research team with deep knowledge of optimistic that this will be the case. a particular conflict and a bit of luck can often find a natural Not all big disruptions in financial markets translate into big experiment—some change in the world (e.g., in the value of events in the overall economy, although some of these disrup- a country’s commodities, the availability of weapons, the tions have an important macroeconomic component. So under- flow of information) that shocks the system and allows the standing better which disruptions end up being isolated with author to learn about causal mechanisms. Such approaches, minor macroeconomic consequences, and which ones have when melded with careful theorizing, are a powerful tool for broad impacts, remains an important challenge to be addressed.

42 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 I also think paid family leave will be the law of the land. But understanding what drives the behavior of armed groups and we shouldn’t assume that will be a panacea for work-life bal- governments in conflict settings. ance. Coupled with paid family leave, we will see—and will This is a better way to approach the questions about root need to see—movement on other social insurance programs causes that motivated the previous generation. And the fine- like temporary disability insurance. The nature of work is grained data that today’s researchers collect allows us to ask a changing and for too many workers the safety net is becoming host of new questions—about how, rather than why, conflicts more frayed. Families, particularly lone parents, are increas- are fought—that are of great interest in the post-9/11 world. ingly vulnerable when there’s a new baby, or a disability that Understanding intrastate, asymmetric, and irregular con - keeps them temporarily out of work, or difficulty finding a flicts requires new theories and data. Providing more credible job. For the safety net to become more of a safety “mesh,” so answers to the questions of the past, and turning our attention to speak, is going to have to happen on the social insurance to rigorously addressing these new questions, are the great side: paid family leave, temporary disability insurance, and challenges for the next generation of conflict researchers. the expansion of our unemployment insurance system, which addresses the needs of low wage workers who are left increas- ingly unprotected by the laws in the United States. FINANCIAL MARKETS Lars Peter Hansen GLOBAL CONFLICT David Rockefeller Distinguished Service Professor, Departments of Economics and Statistics, and Research Ethan Bueno de Mesquita Director, Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics Professor and Deputy Dean for Research and Strategic Initiatives, Chicago Harris e know that financial crises have been recurring events in the past. Many academics and policy mak- ver the past generation, scholars have been trying ers thought that in developed economies the macro- to understand the so-called root causes of conflict. W economy was more insulated from financial market That is a deep question—why do people resort to vio- disruptions. The recent crisis, however, exposed some gaps O lence to resolve political, economic, religious, or oth- in our understanding of the interplay between financing im- er disagreements, when there are less costly ways forward? pediments on investors, the role of financial markets, and the In the past, empirical scholars tried to answer these big ques- performance of the macroeconomy. Many of the quantitative tions with cross-country data sets that captured both which macroeconomic models that were featured six or eight years countries experienced conflict and the possible correlates of ago had a rather passive role for financial markets. conflict—for example, facts about a country’s economy, eth- Since the recent financial crisis, there’s been a rush to nic fractionalization, colonial legacy, and political institutions. build macroeconomic models with more interesting roles We’ve come to understand that it is hard to make much prog- for financial considerations, but it’s been done in a very hur- ress in this way. Such comparisons don’t credibly uncover the ried way. I would like to see a much better understanding of causal relationships posited by theories of conflict. the connections between finance and the macroeconomy A new generation of conflicts scholars is focusing on unfold in the coming years. We may never design a system fine-grained, within-conflict data. In partnership with that’s fully insulated from shocks to whatever form financial governments or NGOs, scholars have managed to engage in markets take in the future, but it will be good if we expand actual experimental manipulation in conflict settings from our understanding and build a better set of models to guide Afghanistan to the Philippines. And even when experimen- policy. I really hope progress can be made, and I’m cautiously tation is impossible, a research team with deep knowledge of optimistic that this will be the case. a particular conflict and a bit of luck can often find a natural Not all big disruptions in financial markets translate into big experiment—some change in the world (e.g., in the value of events in the overall economy, although some of these disrup- a country’s commodities, the availability of weapons, the tions have an important macroeconomic component. So under- flow of information) that shocks the system and allows the standing better which disruptions end up being isolated with author to learn about causal mechanisms. Such approaches, minor macroeconomic consequences, and which ones have when melded with careful theorizing, are a powerful tool for broad impacts, remains an important challenge to be addressed.

42 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 this inflationary period and, if the signal is strong enough, EMPLOYERS WILL FACE determine the physics that drove the expansion. Another major pursuit in cosmology is to find out what makes up the universe—it sounds so simple, but some of the INCREASED PRESSURE biggest mysteries today revolve around this question. Based on many different pieces of evidence, we know that the uni- FROM LABOR AND verse is mostly made not of the ordinary matter that we are familiar with but of what we call dark energy and dark mat- THE PUBLIC TO SHARE ter. We have some ideas about what these components are, but we have not yet discovered the exact nature of either. Go- BOTH THE RISKS ing forward, we will characterize the nature of these mys - terious components, and perhaps even discover dark matter AND REWARDS OF directly with laboratory experiments. THE MARKET MORE EQUITABLY WITH WORK Susan Lambert EMPLOYEES. Associate Professor, School of Social Service Administration

Right now terms such as “speculative bubbles” and “fire sales” are almost buzzwords. If prices go up and come shoot- rowing income inequality within the United States ing down, you say a bubble has burst. If prices look to be and around the world is already fueling social unrest too low we refer to them as fire sales. There are research- and action to distribute wealth and opportunity more ers building models that hopefully down the road will have G equitably. Over the next 25 years, employers will face more quantitative meaning and will help our understanding increased pressure from labor and the public to share both the of how struggles or challenges reflected in financial markets risks and rewards of the market more equitably with employ- play out more widely. ees; currently, the risks incurred as a function of fluctuating demand are transferred mostly onto workers while the re- wards of surges in demand are captured mostly by employers. The past few years have seen an explosion of legislative initia- tives at municipal, state, and federal levels that are designed COSMOLOGY to establish new employment standards for a range of basic workplace conditions: higher wage rates, more predictable Abigail Vieregg and stable work schedules, greater access to full-time employ- Assistant Professor, Department of Physics ment, and the right to paid time off for illness and caregiving. My prediction is that within 25 years, these efforts will co - alesce into major federal legislation that establishes employ- e are at a fortunate time in cosmology, when there ment standards for a 21st century economy. This legislation, are important outstanding questions about the and other efforts resulting from the broader social movement evolution and composition of the universe, and undergirding it, will go some distance toward improving job W many of these questions seem tractable. quality at the lower levels of the labor market and reviving our One of the major pursuits in cosmology today is to figure middle class. However, only if new employment protections out what happened in the first tiny fraction of a second af- are accompanied by reduced racial, ethnic, and gender seg- ter the big bang. Evidence from a variety of observations, regation in education, housing, and occupations will all US including from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave residents benefit from this revival. ◆ Background, seems to point toward an unimaginably violent moment of expansion of the universe in the first moments of See the full responses online at mag.uchicago.edu/2040. time. We will continue the search for a unique signature of

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 43 history HARTERED PHILANTHROPY As the historic document turns 800, David M. Rubenstein, JD’73, reflects on preserving a Magna Carta in the United States. by laur a demansk i, am’94

ne evening in December 2007, Univer- The first Magna Carta contains 63 clauses enumerating sity trustee David M. Rubenstein, JD’73, the rights of 40 rebel barons whom King John sought to ap-

found himself in a small side room at pease when he put his seal on the document in 1215. Only 10 courtesy david m. rubenstein Sotheby’s New York City auction weeks later, the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III house, the new owner of the only copy of at John’s request. In 1297 King Edward I enrolled a revised the Magna Carta in America. The $21.3 version on the statute books; this is the version that Ruben- million purchase was nearly a surprise stein bought. even to him; he had learned of the sale This year, the Magna Carta’s 800th, saw much celebra- only the day before—and of the wrinkle tion of the document, whose declaration of rights is widely that inspired him to bid, the expectation regarded as a foundation of American democracy—widely, at Sotheby’s that the document was des- but not universally. “It is hard to think of an historical event Otined to leave the United States. in which the divide is any greater between the general treat- 44 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 HARTERED PHILANTHROPY courtesy david m. rubenstein ment and scholarly treatment of the same document,” wrote In an interview adapted and edited below, Rubenstein, Richard Helmholz, the Ruth Wyatt Rosenson Distinguished cofounder and co-CEO of the Carlyle Group investment Service Professor of Law, in a recent essay. “The ‘popular firm, spoke to Helmholz and theMagazine about the Mag- view’ holds that contemporary principles underpinning na Carta’s history and legacy, the other documents it has democratic liberties can be traced back to Magna Carta,” inspired him to collect for public display, and the broader he elaborated. “The ‘scholarly view’ takes pretty much the “patriotic philanthropy” he is known for. opposite position. Magna Carta was a baronial document, occasioned by a conflict with King John and aimed at en- SYMBOLIC WEIGHT trenching baronial privileges.” The Magna Carta probably means more to people in the Unit- But, Helmholz argues, “an old precedent can be given ed States than in England in many ways. The 1215 document new life.” From 1215 to 1297 to the 17th century, when was abrogated and never went into effect. The 1297 version English lawyer Edward Coke resurrected the document, did go into effect, but in the 1300s and 1400s, the parliament championing it as a way of checking the power of the Stuart was becoming more important than the king, so the Magna kings, the history of the Magna Carta shows its ongoing Carta, which checked the powers of the king, held less sway. capacity to inspire support for civil liberties “in circum - It wasn’t until Edward Coke came along in the 17th cen - stances very far removed from its original context.” Those tury, and William Blackstone [who published the first schol- circumstances include the American colonies’ fight for in- arly edition] in the 18th century, that its importance grew dependence and many present-day political causes. again. They revived it. And our founding fathers, when Rubenstein’s Magna Carta, written in iron gall ink on they started getting taxed, kept saying, “No taxation with- sheepskin parchment, is on long-term loan to the National out representation.” That was in the Magna Carta. In effect Archives. There it is the centerpiece of the David M. Ru- they were saying, “We have the rights of Englishmen.” benstein Gallery. The gallery is also home to the permanent That was what really led, I think, to the Revolution. Peo- exhibit Records of Rights, which traces the history of im- ple said, “We have these rights, and you’re violating them.” migrants’, African Americans’, and women’s rights in the It’s more complicated than that, of course. But the early United States. The first thing you see on approaching the writings of the founding fathers do reference the Magna gallery, the Great Charter seems to glow from beneath its Carta, particularly when they’re making pleas to the king protective low light. Its state-of-the-art airtight case is also of England and others to get rid of the taxes. on loan from Rubenstein, who hired the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop the best possible MAKING A DOWN PAYMENT housing for the fragile document. I was flying from London to New York and going through my The purchase and loan of the Magna Carta is just one fac- mail that had accumulated. One email was from an investment et of Rubenstein’s prolific philanthropy. A signatory of the banker who said, “We’d like you to come to a reception at So- Giving Pledge started by Warren Buffett and Bill Gates, theby’s.” It was that night, to look at the Magna Carta. he has committed to donate the majority of his wealth to philanthropic causes. Many of Rubenstein’s causes are cen- tered in Washington, DC, where he supports the National Zoo’s panda program, led the effort to repair the Washing- ton Monument after it was damaged in an earthquake, and IT SEEMED LIKE A GOOD chairs the board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. IDEA TO TRY TO KEEP At UChicago, he established the Law School’s David M. Rubenstein Scholars Program in 2010, citing his gratitude IT IN THE COUNTRY. I for the scholarship he received when he attended. In 2013 he renewed the program, which provides full-tuition, pre - THOUGHT ONE OF 17 dominantly merit-based scholarships to 20 students in each Law School class. The Rubenstein Forum, an innovative facility for conferences and collaboration on campus, will SHOULD BE HERE. SO I be named in recognition of his generous gift last year. When it opens in 2018, the building will “contribute significantly DECIDED TO COME BACK to the University’s character as an intellectual destination,” said President Robert J. Zimmer in announcing the gift. THE NEXT NIGHT. photo courtesy david m. rubenstein

46 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 they’re going to lead. Afterward people started calling me with other rare documents. I said, “I only did this as a one-time thing.” But I started buying them: a Declaration of Independence, the 13th Amendment, the Emancipation Proclamation. I had the idea to never put them in my house, but instead put them on display in places around the city. I make them on permanent loan, and this is the reason: If you give something to an organization, once it’s theirs, they can display it or not display it, and you lose control. My goal is to make sure that people can see them and learn about them.

VIRTUE IN KNOWLEDGE Recently there was a survey of Americans that asked which river George Washington crossed in 1776. And 35 percent of Americans said the Rhine River, which happens not to be in our country. Who was the first treasury secretary? The answer of about 30 percent of Americans was Larry In October Rubenstein received the Carnegie Medal of Summers, which is not the case. Philanthropy in honor of his longtime charitable giving. Another survey, of high school sophomores, showed that more could name the Three Stooges than could name any three founding fathers. So I’m trying to do a little bit to get So I said, “OK, you got my interest.” I’d go, I’d meet the people to know more about history, on the theory that if you investment bankers, maybe some good business would know more about history, you’ll be a better citizen, and that come, and I’d see the Magna Carta. Because of delays, I got better citizens make a better country. there late. It was only about 10 minutes before the exhibi - tion was over and everybody was gone except the curator. DECLARATIVE ACTS She explained to me that there were 17 copies, and this Recognizing that the Declaration of Independence was fad- one was likely to go to somebody outside the country. It ing, John Quincy Adams, when he was secretary of state, seemed like a good idea to try to keep it in the country. I said, “We ought to have a perfect copy of this before it fades thought one of 17 should be here. So I decided to come back completely.” They hired William J. Stone, a printer from the next night. I didn’t want to tell anybody, because I Washington. Over three years he came up with a printing didn’t want to seem presumptuous. They put me in a little process to make a perfect copy. It was, essentially, taking room, put in a telephone, and I listened. And, honestly, I a wet cloth and putting it on the original document, which couldn’t hear that well. I couldn’t tell what the bids were. took off half the ink. He put that on a copper plate, and they Then when I put the final bid in, they said, “Sold.” I wasn’t made 201 copies. clear if it was me or not. When you see a copy of the Declaration of Independence David Redden, the auctioneer and head of books and in the New York Times on the Fourth of July, it’s not the orig- manuscripts at Sotheby’s, came in. He said, “Okay, you inal document, which has faded too much. You’re seeing won, who are you?” I’d never been there before. Then he one of the Stone copies. There are about 30 left, and I own said, “You can slip out the side door, or there are reporters.” a few of them. I’ve put one in the National Archives, which I went out and talked to the reporters. I said I was happy to didn’t have one; one at Mount Vernon; one at the State De- tell them I was going to give it as a down payment on my partment; and one at the Constitution Center. obligation to repay my country. PHILANTHROPY IN ACTION SPUR OF THE MOMENT Philanthropy is an ancient Greek word that means “loving If I’d said, “How do I want to help my country in some way? humanity.” You don’t have to be wealthy to be a philanthro- I have some money, what can I do?” and hired McKinsey or pist, although we’ve bastardized the word. I tell people, BCG or Bain to do a study, I’m sure they would have come give your time, your energy, your ideas. You can help other back with lots of great ideas. But I’m finding that the best people. I also say, you’ll probably get to heaven more quick- ideas often come to one spontaneously. ly. Now, I can’t prove it, but why would you want to take a

photo courtesy david m. rubenstein It’s like many things in life—you don’t know where chance? So try to help other people. ◆

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 47 ancient culture SWEET HONEY IN THE RO KS The history of beekeeping stretches back centuries, the director of the Oriental Institute found when a hobby turned into a scholarly pursuit. by gil j. stein, as told to lydialyle gibson illustration by elvis swift

48 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015

A wall painting in the Tomb of Rekhmire, reproduced on paper by Nina de Garis Davies in 1926, shows Egyptians gath- ering honey from the cylindrical clay hives that were used across the ancient Near East. copyright © the metropolitan museum of art. image source: art resource, ny resource, art source: image art. of museum metropolitan the © copyright Archaeologist Gil Stein is director of the Oriental Institute and it? How did people keep bees and think about honey in the professor of archaeology in the Department of Near Eastern ancient world? What did it mean to them? Languages and Civilizations. From 1992 through 1997, he led So I started to investigate. As I talked to people—friends excavations at Hacinebi, a Mesopotamian colony in Turkey, who are colleagues at the Oriental Institute, who are spe - part of the world’s first-known colonial system. cialists in the textual record of ancient Mesopotamia and Stein is also a beekeeper. He and his wife have about a dozen ancient Egypt—I’d say, “Do you have any material about hives, and their experience raising bees and collecting honey sparked honey and bees and beekeeping?” And they’d say, “Yeah, his interest in the history of beekeeping, particularly in the ancient we have material about honey everywhere.” I’d say, “Great! Near East. Stein spoke to the Magazine about the insects and their Can you steer me to articles that give an overview?” And Old World story. they all said no. It’s just bits and pieces here and there. Sometimes those are the most interesting problems: when something is so completely pervasive in our lives, we y wife, Liz, is the one who really don’t even think about it; we don’t question it. Once you got me interested—she’s been a start looking, you realize that honey and bees and beekeep- beekeeper for more than 10 years. ing are everywhere in the Old World—in ancient Europe She and I are both archaeologists, and Eurasia and Africa and in the ancient Middle East. and for me it was a natural progres- Honeybees are an Old World group of species. sion from intense curiosity about Honey was considered an almost magical substance in bees and beekeeping, and thinking the ancient Near East. People used it for everything: as how strange and wonderful this a food and as a raw material to make alcoholic beverages practice is, to wondering about its like mead and honey wine. There was honey in the alco- history. Beekeeping is pervasive in holic beverages found in the tomb of King Midas, he of the our culture and in cultures around fabled golden touch. And it’s the most common ingredient Mthe world. How old is it anyway? What’s the archaeology of in ancient medicine in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It has anti- photography by amihai mazar, courtesy tel rehov expedition, the hebrew university of jerusalem 50 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 microbial and antibiotic properties; honey will kill Staphy- lococcus and E. coli. It will suck the moisture out of wounds. And it’s invaluable in treating burns. Ancient people also used honey as a universal sweetener, of course, because it’s one of the sweetest substances in nature. They even used it for mummifi cation. When Alexander the Great died in Babylon in 323 BC, he was preserved in honey and placed in an enormous golden sarcophagus drawn by 64 mules. An apiary found at the Tel Rehov site in Israel o ered the There are representations of ancient Egyptians beekeep- fi rst archaeological evidence of biblical-era beekeeping. ing—tomb paintings that show people managing beehives, using techniques that are recognizable today. Once you know the artistic conventions, you can easily see it. They’re applying smoke to pacify the bees and then drawing honey The fi rst known mention of beekeeping in the Mesopo- out of the hives. One of the clearest examples is from the tamian cuneiform record is centuries later. It comes from Tomb of Rekhmire in ancient Thebes, which dates to the the stele of Šamaš-reš-uzur, a regional governor on the Syr- 15th century BC. That was almost three and a half thousand ian Euphrates in the middle of the eighth century BC, who years ago. Beekeeping is really deep in culture. claimed to have been the fi rst among his people to capture You see honey in literature and religious texts as a com- and domesticate wild bees: “I, Šamaš-reš-uzur, governor of mon metaphor for love, for God’s love for his people, and the land of Suhu and Mari, I brought bees—that collect hon- for God’s law. Psalm 19 says that the Lord’s ordinances are ey and which from the time of my fathers and forefathers no “sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb.” one had seen nor brought to the land of Suhu—down from In Exodus, God talks about delivering his people from Egypt the mountains of the Habha people and settled them in the and bringing them to “a land fl owing with milk and honey.” gardens of the town of Algabbaribani.” So, did beekeeping develop independently in different parts of the ancient Near East, or did it spread from one hen there’s the big question: how did beekeeping place to another? That’s one thing I’m trying to fi nd out. copyright © the metropolitan museum of art. image source: art resource, ny resource, art source: image art. of museum metropolitan the © copyright originate? The Egyptians seem to have taken it up, I think probably there were two independent centers of at an industrial scale, long before the Mesopotamians invention, in Egypt and Anatolia, because there’s no evi- T did. The earliest evidence we have of beekeeping in dence of beekeeping in Israel for several centuries after the Near East is from Egypt—those tomb paintings. They those two places. But we don’t know for sure. The evidence were also keeping bees very early on in Anatolia, which is is spotty and scattered around. now Turkey. Hittite laws dating to the 13th or 14th century One thing we do know is that the shapes of beehives in BC contain severe punishments for thieves of bee swarms or the ancient Near East seems to be a common technology beehives. Honey was commonly used in rituals there, and it used all over: clay cylinders laid on their sides, with a lid at was readily available and inexpensive; “honey bread” sold one end where you would reach in and get the honey, and a for the price of a single portion of lard or butter. little hole at the other end where the bees would fl y in and out. It makes sense; that shape mimics the hollow of a tree, where many wild bees build their hives. In modern-day Egypt you can still see some of these traditional cylindri- WHEN SOMETHING cal hives, stacked up in rows. One of the fi rst people to pull together the information IS SO COMPLETELY we have about ancient beekeeping was Eva Crane. Her Ar- chaeology of Beekeeping [Duckworth], a wonderful book, is PERVASIVE IN OUR essentially the standard work on the subject. Since it was published in 1983, we’ve gotten more information. Several years ago, Israeli archaeologists working at a site called Tel LIVES, WE DON’T EVEN Rehov, in the Jordan River Valley, excavated the remains of an Iron Age beekeeping complex, a huge apiary. At one THINK ABOUT IT; WE time, there were stacks and stacks of ceramic hives. They found about 100 hives, which could have housed as many

photography by amihai mazar, courtesyDON’T tel rehov expedition, the hebrew university of jerusalem QUESTION IT. as 1.5 million bees.

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 51 Many beehives from the ancient world have been misiden- tified, Stein believes. Egyptian tomb paintings and the apiary discovered at Tel Rehov in 2007 provide evidence of their true function.

pheromones and with what’s called a “waggle dance”— used by the scout bees to tell the rest of the colony where a good source of nectar is located. The Austrian etholo- gist Karl von Frisch won a Nobel Prize in 1973 for figuring out the waggle dance. Bees have a division of labor and a complex social hierarchy. Virgil describes it vividly in the Georgics: “Some supervise the gathering of food, and work in the fields to an agreed rule: some, walled in their homes, lay the first foundations of the comb, with drops of gum taken from narcissi, and sticky glue from tree-bark, then For archaeologists, a huge part of the work is simply hang the clinging wax: others lead the mature young, their knowing what you’re looking for. These ancient cylindri- nation’s hope, others pack purest honey together, and swell cal beehives don’t look like the box hives that most of us the cells with liquid nectar: there are those whose lot is to are used to seeing today: the Langstroth hive, which was guard the gates.” invented in the 19th century by an American. Many people The population of a hive is not constant through the year. would see the remains of these ancient cylindrical hives and It peaks at about 50,000 to 60,000 in the summer, during think, “Oh, those are roof tiles,” because you see a curved the honey flows, and then it drops off in October and No- shape. Or, “Those are drainpipes.” I’m certain that there vember. During the winter, a solid basketball-sized clump are many, many ancient beehives out there misidentified as of bees will cluster, huddled tightly together for warmth. drainpipes. That’s why we’re so lucky to have these Egyp- And they’re all beating their wings constantly. Inside the tian tomb paintings. It’s undeniable proof. hive, it can be 92 degrees in the dead of winter. In keeping bees and doing this research, I’ve learned wonderful and surprising things. One of my favorites re- read a little bit about beekeeping almost every day. My lates to the apiary at the eighth century BC site of Tel Re- wife and I have 11 or 12 hives, which is really small scale hov, whose excavation tells a very interesting economic but still an amazing experience. Bees are such an alien story. The Jordan River Valley, where Tel Rehov is locat- I species, so different from all the other domesticated ed, has a native honeybee: the Palestinian honeybee. But animals that humans have been breeding and exploiting when entomologists looked under the scanning electron for millennia. We’re used to cattle and pigs and chickens microscope at the bees they found in the residue inside and goats. But enormous colonies of insects? And this stuff the hives, those were Anatolian honeybees—a different manchester of university the museum, manchester courtesy photo they create, which we steal from them? Honey and pollen, subspecies. So the people in ancient Israel were importing beeswax and propolis, the resin-like substance that bees honeybees all the way from Turkey, easily 1,000 kilome- use to seal the hive and keep out pests and predators. It’s a ters away, bringing them across Syria and into the Jordan very hard glue that also has incredible antibiotic properties River Valley, and keeping hives of Anatolian honeybees. to it, just like honey does. Because they’re gentler bees and they make more honey. And bees’ social intelligence is incredible. For bees, the So that tells you something about how economically im- unit is not the individual, but the collective. A beehive has portant these insects were. People were raising them on an 50,000 bees, and they communicate with each other using industrial scale and importing colonies from across the re- gion. You can just picture some caravan transporting these bees for weeks, all the way across Syria. How could they do that? How did they keep the bees alive? But they did. If you IF YOU WERE ON THE were on the road in the ancient Near East, you might come ROAD IN THE ANCIENT across a bee caravan. hat’s what my wife and I do too, in a way: we buy NEAR EAST, YOU MIGHT boxes of bees that get shipped to us from California. People were doing the same thing almost 3,000 years COME ACROSS A BEE T ago. That’s fascinating. And what I love is, when you ask the right question, archaeologists can actually find the CARAVAN. answer. Not every time, but often. It’s amazing. ◆

52 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Notes and Releases, 54 ...... Alumni News, 56 ...... Advanced Degrees, 78 ...... Deaths, 80 ...... Classifieds, 83 peer review

Members of the University community celebrate UChicago’s 50th anniversary in 1940. This year, we celebrate the 125th. For more, see page 30. uchicago photographic archive, apf3-01130, university of chicago library

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 53 NOTES

ARTISTIC EXPRESSION Composer, performer, and multi- media artist Francisco Castillo Trigueros, PhD’13, won the Univer- sity’s 2015 Claire Rosen and Samuel Edes Prize for Emerging Artists, given to a recent graduate. The $30,000 prize will allow Trigueros to spend a year completing his current project, a song cycle about the town of Xilitla, Mexico. TOP CHEF NORTH TO THE FUTURE Former White House chef Sam Kass, LAB’98, AB’04, is now a senior food analyst James R. Johnsen, AM’96, has for NBC News. Kass, who was also a senior policy adviser on nutrition in the Obama taken the helm as president of the Administration and the executive director of First Lady Michelle Obama’s Let’s University of Alaska. A former busi- Move campaign, provides commentary on Today and NBC Nightly News with Lester ness executive and administrator at Holt and writes a monthly online column for Today Food. the university, Johnsen is focusing on diversifying revenue sources and streamlining administrative servic- Formerly the associate laboratory MUSIC MAN es, graduating more educators, and director for Argonne National Labo- Composer Philip Glass, AB’56, has supporting research that benefits the ratory’s energy and global security two major works premiering next State of Alaska. division, Peters is also a senior advis- year. The Witches of Venice, an opera- er to the US Department of Energy ballet for children, is scheduled to MAKING A BIG BANG and a 2015 fellow of the American have its American debut at Opera Jeremiah P. Ostriker, PhD’64, is a Nuclear Society. Saratoga’s 2016 Summer Festival. recipient of the 2015 Gruber Prize in Glass is also composing the score for Cosmology. Presented by the Gruber CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY a 2016 Broadway revival of Arthur Foundation at Yale under guidance Michael Gerhardt, JD’82, has be- Miller’s 1953 play The Crucible. from the International Astronomi- come the first independent scholar cal Union, this year’s prize honors to advise the Library of Congress CULTURAL LEADER Ostriker’s theoretical contributions in updating the US Constitution The DuSable Museum of African to the big bang theory, including his Annotated (CONAN), the official American History has appointed early formulation of what is now documentation of the Constitution attorney and architect Perri Irmer, called dark matter and dark energy. and its legal interpretation over time. JD’91, as president and CEO. Irmer Ostriker is professor emeritus at A professor at the University of is seeking to expand the museum’s Princeton University, where he has North Carolina at Chapel Hill School reach through partnerships with taught for five decades. of Law, Gerhardt has advised con- cultural and educational organiza- gressional leaders and White House tions and businesses. As a lifelong STUDYING HUMANITIES officials on a variety of issues, and is Hyde Park and Kenwood resident, The Clemente Course in the Humani- the only legal scholar to have partici- she says she has a “vested interest in ties, a series of college-level classes pated in the confirmation hearings of the museum’s success, in maintaining designed to improve the lives of low- five out of the nine current Supreme its independence and preserving its income adults, has received a National Court justices. philosophical mission.” Humanities Medal. Founded in 1995 by Earl Shorris, EX’54, at Manhat- FATHERLY LEADERSHIP STAR POWER tan’s Roberto Clemente Family John Kartje, AB’87, SM’89, Warner Bros. is developing a film Guidance Center, the series currently PhD’95, has been appointed rector about astrophysicist Carl Sagan, offers 30 Clemente Courses at col- and president of Saint Mary of the AB’54, SB’55, SM’56, PhD’60, pop- leges and universities nationwide. Lake/Mundelein Seminary, the prin- ularly known for writing and host- tyler golden/nbc cipal seminary and school of theology ing the TV show Cosmos and for his ENERGY EXPERT in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese research on extraterrestrial life. The Mark Peters, PhD’92, is the new of Chicago. Trained as an astrophysi- movie will be produced by Sagan’s director of the Idaho National Labo- cist at UChicago, Kartje became a widow, Ann Druyan, and a producer ratory, which focuses on nuclear priest in 2002 and has been on the of Contact and Interstellar. energy research and development. seminary faculty since 2009. —Helen Gregg, AB’09

54 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 STREET POISON: THE BIOGRAPHY RELEASES OF ICEBERG SLIM By Justin Gifford, AM’99; Doubleday, 2015 In 1967, after decades as a pimp and The Magazine lists a selection of general criminal, Robert Beck released a interest books, films, and albums by alumni. gritty memoir, Pimp, that launched For additional alumni releases, use the link him as one of the best-selling and to the Magazine’s Goodreads bookshelf at most influential black writers of the mag.uchicago.edu/alumni-books. 20th century. University of Nevada associate professor Justin Gifford READING CLAUDIUS: A MEMOIR IN presents a nuanced biography of the TWO PARTS man known as Iceberg Slim, from By Caroline Heller, AB’72; The Dial OUT ON THE WIRE: THE STORYTELLING his life on the streets to his subver- Press, 2015 SECRETS OF THE NEW MASTERS OF RADIO sive writing to his wider impact on Caroline Heller’s mother, Liese, had By Jessica Abel, AB’91; Broadway “street,” and American, culture. fallen for Erich Heller while study- Books, 2015 ing in prewar Prague, but Erich’s Cartoonist and writer Jessica Abel’s REVOLUTION: MAPPING THE ROAD TO brother, Paul, remained in love with graphic novel takes readers behind AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, 1755 –1783 Liese even during the six years he the scenes of seven popular narra- By Richard H. Brown and Paul E. spent in concentration camps. Paul tive radio shows and podcasts. With Cohen, AM’75; W. W. Norton, 2015 and Liese were later reunited and a foreword by This American Life’s Rare book dealer Paul Cohen helps married in the United States, where Ira Glass and plenty of insider anec- provide a cartographical account their daughter, Caroline, grew up dotes, Abel illustrates how shows of the American Revolution, using with the ghost of her parents’ past. In like Serial, Planet Money, Snap Judg- historical maps and drawings to il- Reading Claudius, she combines their ment, and RadioLab find and con- lustrate how, and where, the conflict story with her own and shows how struct compelling stories that engage unfolded. From maps of land claims two generations found solace and growing audiences. in North America before the war to a strength in literature. battlefield diagram of Yorktown, the SWEDISH DESIGN: AN ETHNOGRAPHY 60 images and accompanying essays By Keith M. Murphy, AB’99; Cornell in Revolution provide a fresh perspec- University Press, 2015 tive on America’s beginnings. Furniture and household goods manufacturers like Ikea have spread iconic Swedish design around the world. But the simple, functional style is about more than aesthetics. Since the 19th century, Swedish poli- ticians and social planners have used design to promote egalitarianism, responsibility, and other social demo- cratic values. With an anthropologi- cal focus, University of California, Irvine, associate professor Keith M. THE SENATOR NEXT DOOR: A MEMOIR Murphy investigates the political and FROM THE HEARTLAND social power of design in Sweden. By Amy Klobuchar, JD’85; Henry Holt, 2015 CONTRABAND: SMUGGLING AND THE BIRTH MOTHERS, TELL YOUR DAUGHTERS In 2006 Amy Klobuchar became the OF THE AMERICAN CENTURY By Bonnie Jo Campbell, AB’84; W. W. first woman elected to the US Senate By Andrew Wender Cohen, AM’92, Norton, 2015 from Minnesota. This frank memoir PhD’99; W. W. Norton, 2015 The female protagonists in Bonnie Jo chronicles her life thus far and shows Smuggling tested Americans’ patrio- Campbell’s latest collection of short how the challenges she’s faced, from tism in the 18th and 19th centuries, stories inhabit a brutal rural Ameri- her father’s struggles with alcohol- tempting citizens to dodge protec- can landscape, full of traumatic pasts ism to tough battles in Congress, tionist tariffs to procure foreign lux- and limited dreams. From an abused have molded her into a determined uries. Focusing on the Gilded Age, wife who takes revenge on her bed- politician with an unshakable faith in Syracuse University associate pro- ridden husband to a mother searching our government. Political courage, fessor Andrew Wender Cohen uses for a warm home for her family, the she believes, is “stand[ing] next to the history of smuggling in America women are flawed but strong, fight- someone you don’t agree with for the to illuminate larger ideas about US ing for the best lives they can get. betterment of this country.” economics, culture, and power. — Helen Gregg, AB’09

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 55 M Freedom lives here. Freedom thrives at Montgomery Place. Choice defi nes the lifestyle—whether you live on campus or take advantage of our LifeCare@HOME program. Engage in cultural, social and recreational resident- planned activities and enjoy the people, places and things that make up the Montgomery Place and Hyde Park culture. Intellectually stimulating, this is a place where you’re free to choose from a variety of services, programs, options and amenities.

Montgomery Place offers a sense of belonging and feeling of community. It’s an intellectual atmosphere where people live freely and stay engaged at every age. Our range of living options and services includes: • Independent Living • Assisted Living (Catered Living) • Comprehensive Rehabilitation Programs • Skilled Nursing Care • Specialized Memory Support • LifeCare@HOME You’ve made big decisions and reached your goals. Now is the time to put a solid plan in place for the future. Know all the options and choose the best path forward. For more information, call us at (773) 997-2659 or email [email protected].

Montgomery Place Engaged Living Montgomery Place is a not-for-profi t 501(c)(3) organization.

5550 South Shore Drive • Chicago, IL 60637 (773) 997-2659 • www.MontgomeryPlace.org With Gratitude For Your Support

Phoenix Society members lead the way in supporting the University’s students, faculty, resources, and facilities through estate commitments and life-income arrangements. Such gifts provide important ways to strengthen and sustain the University’s future. The names below represent members welcomed into the society from July 1, 2014, through June 30, 2015. All names are listed per member request.

We invite you to join the Phoenix Society by providing for the University in your financial and estate plans. Please visit phoenixsociety.uchicago.edu, email [email protected], or call 866.241.9802 for more information.

Thank you.

Anonymous Professor Lorelei H. Corcoran, Joanna Hayward Frodin, AM’71 Elizabeth Kraus, AB’82, MBA’87, Jean Perkins, MBA’76, and Isabel Stewart and Don Stewart Anonymous, AB’53 PhD’88 Myron Gaylord, MBA’73 and Lee Kraus Jr., MBA’84 Leland Hutchinson, JD’73 Elizabeth Sultan and Allen Anonymous and Anonymous, Karin Cramer, AM’77, AM’80 Gertrude Gordon and Peter Kretzmer, MBA’82, PhD’85 Wendy Posner, AM’76, PhD’86 Sultan, AM’62 MD’53 Brian David, AB’81, MBA’91, Charles Gordon, AB’63, JD’67 Dorothy Sasak Kroko, AB’49 Myrtle Potter, AB’80 Karin S. Tenny and Alfred M. and Ted Hopkins Tenny, PhB’49, SB’59, SM’63 Anonymous, LAB’57 Howard Gottlieb, PhB’47 Bonnette Kurlander and Nina Petrosky Priebe, AM’80 N. Benjamin Davidson, MPP’96 Donald Kurlander Cheryl Thaxton Anonymous, JD’60 Mary Gottschalk, AB’66 Jill Reichman, AM’95, PhD’03 Lucy Day, AB’65 Barbara Leibundguth, EX’75 Joanne Waghorne, AM’70, Anonymous, PhD’75 Myra Harms and Kevin Robbins, AB’94 Hendrik de Jong, AB’66, JD’69 William Harms Richard Levinson, AB’51, SM’54 PhD’76, and William Anonymous, PhD’85 Katherine Robinson, AM’85, Waghorne, AM’70 Debra Oliver Dewing, MBA’80, Barbara Hazenfield and Hugh Katherine Linehan, and Jayme Lahut, AM’85 Anonymous, MBA’86, and and Bob Dewing, MBA’79 Hazenfield, AB’64, MD’68 LAB’61, AB’65, and Lisa Walker, MBA’91, and Anonymous, MBA’86 Sharon Rubin, AB’65, AM’66, William Rudnick, MBA’97 Carol Drolen, AM’74 Richard Helmholz Glenn Loafmann, AB’65 and David Rubin Anonymous, PhD’07 Nancy Walpole, AB’68, AM’69 Janet Duchossois and Vincent Hillery, AB’81, JD’84 Kerry McClanahan, EX’70 Sharon Sadow, AB’80, JD’84, Albert Allen, SB’80, SM’80 Denise Weintraub and Joseph Craig Duchossois Michael David Ilagan, AB’88, James McDaniel, AB’68, and Andrew Alper, AB’80, John Baran, AB’51, SM’53 Weintraub, AM’67, PhD’73 Alexandra Egan and MBA’92 and Kevin Hochberg, MBA’81 Margaret Benjamin and AM’78, JD’84 James White, JD’69 Pranav Ramanathan Raye Isenberg, AB’67, and Donald Schacker, AB’56, SM’58 Lawrence Benjamin Michael Einisman, AB’62, Sheldon Isenberg, AB’63, Wayman Merrill, AB’68, MD’74 Mary Schloerb and Robert Bradford Wilson, PhD’77 Linda Blondis, AB’64 MBA’63 AM’67 Susan Milligan and Schloerb, JD’51 Susan (Loth) Wolkerstorfer, Philip McGuire AB’72, and J. Terrence Camille Blume and Ivette Estrada Carol Janoff and Penny Sebring and Roger Blume, MBA’67 William Mixon, SB’62, SM’65 Charles Lewis Wolkerstorfer Diane Lind Fenster, MD’78, and Norman Janoff, MBA’80 Laura Woodruff, AB’64 Ellen Bradley and Bruce Fenster, MD’78 Brenda Lee Johnson and Jean Mosheim, AM’42* Brenda Silverman and Michael Silverman, MD’73 Andrew Bradley, AM’73 Eugenie Fitzgerald and John Jeffery Kizilbash Kristin Motyka, MBA’95, and Sandra Chasalow, SB’61 Fitzgerald Jr., AM’60, PhD’69 Michael Johnson, EX’73 Tom Hinton Susan Sloan Sean Colligan, AB’88 Michael Flaim, AB’03, MBA’10 Jon Koplik, MBA’80 Victoria Ocholla Kristin Stevens and Stanley Stevens, JD’73 Agnes Dahlen Cooper James A. Foster, AB’81 Elizabeth Orndorff *Deceased With Gratitude For Your Support

Phoenix Society members lead the way in supporting the University’s students, faculty, resources, and facilities through estate commitments and life-income arrangements. Such gifts provide important ways to strengthen and sustain the University’s future. The names below represent members welcomed into the society from July 1, 2014, through June 30, 2015. All names are listed per member request.

We invite you to join the Phoenix Society by providing for the University in your financial and estate plans. Please visit phoenixsociety.uchicago.edu, email [email protected], or call 866.241.9802 for more information.

Thank you.

Anonymous Professor Lorelei H. Corcoran, Joanna Hayward Frodin, AM’71 Elizabeth Kraus, AB’82, MBA’87, Jean Perkins, MBA’76, and Isabel Stewart and Don Stewart Anonymous, AB’53 PhD’88 Myron Gaylord, MBA’73 and Lee Kraus Jr., MBA’84 Leland Hutchinson, JD’73 Elizabeth Sultan and Allen Anonymous and Anonymous, Karin Cramer, AM’77, AM’80 Gertrude Gordon and Peter Kretzmer, MBA’82, PhD’85 Wendy Posner, AM’76, PhD’86 Sultan, AM’62 MD’53 Brian David, AB’81, MBA’91, Charles Gordon, AB’63, JD’67 Dorothy Sasak Kroko, AB’49 Myrtle Potter, AB’80 Karin S. Tenny and Alfred M. and Ted Hopkins Tenny, PhB’49, SB’59, SM’63 Anonymous, LAB’57 Howard Gottlieb, PhB’47 Bonnette Kurlander and Nina Petrosky Priebe, AM’80 N. Benjamin Davidson, MPP’96 Donald Kurlander Cheryl Thaxton Anonymous, JD’60 Mary Gottschalk, AB’66 Jill Reichman, AM’95, PhD’03 Lucy Day, AB’65 Barbara Leibundguth, EX’75 Joanne Waghorne, AM’70, Anonymous, PhD’75 Myra Harms and Kevin Robbins, AB’94 Hendrik de Jong, AB’66, JD’69 William Harms Richard Levinson, AB’51, SM’54 PhD’76, and William Anonymous, PhD’85 Katherine Robinson, AM’85, Waghorne, AM’70 Debra Oliver Dewing, MBA’80, Barbara Hazenfield and Hugh Katherine Linehan, and Jayme Lahut, AM’85 Anonymous, MBA’86, and and Bob Dewing, MBA’79 Hazenfield, AB’64, MD’68 LAB’61, AB’65, and Lisa Walker, MBA’91, and Anonymous, MBA’86 Sharon Rubin, AB’65, AM’66, William Rudnick, MBA’97 Carol Drolen, AM’74 Richard Helmholz Glenn Loafmann, AB’65 and David Rubin Anonymous, PhD’07 Nancy Walpole, AB’68, AM’69 Janet Duchossois and Vincent Hillery, AB’81, JD’84 Kerry McClanahan, EX’70 Sharon Sadow, AB’80, JD’84, Albert Allen, SB’80, SM’80 Denise Weintraub and Joseph Craig Duchossois Michael David Ilagan, AB’88, James McDaniel, AB’68, and Andrew Alper, AB’80, John Baran, AB’51, SM’53 Weintraub, AM’67, PhD’73 Alexandra Egan and MBA’92 and Kevin Hochberg, MBA’81 Margaret Benjamin and AM’78, JD’84 James White, JD’69 Pranav Ramanathan Raye Isenberg, AB’67, and Donald Schacker, AB’56, SM’58 Lawrence Benjamin Michael Einisman, AB’62, Sheldon Isenberg, AB’63, Wayman Merrill, AB’68, MD’74 Mary Schloerb and Robert Bradford Wilson, PhD’77 Linda Blondis, AB’64 MBA’63 AM’67 Susan Milligan and Schloerb, JD’51 Susan (Loth) Wolkerstorfer, Philip McGuire AB’72, and J. Terrence Camille Blume and Ivette Estrada Carol Janoff and Penny Sebring and Roger Blume, MBA’67 William Mixon, SB’62, SM’65 Charles Lewis Wolkerstorfer Diane Lind Fenster, MD’78, and Norman Janoff, MBA’80 Laura Woodruff, AB’64 Ellen Bradley and Bruce Fenster, MD’78 Brenda Lee Johnson and Jean Mosheim, AM’42* Brenda Silverman and Michael Silverman, MD’73 Andrew Bradley, AM’73 Eugenie Fitzgerald and John Jeffery Kizilbash Kristin Motyka, MBA’95, and Sandra Chasalow, SB’61 Fitzgerald Jr., AM’60, PhD’69 Michael Johnson, EX’73 Tom Hinton Susan Sloan Sean Colligan, AB’88 Michael Flaim, AB’03, MBA’10 Jon Koplik, MBA’80 Victoria Ocholla Kristin Stevens and Stanley Stevens, JD’73 Agnes Dahlen Cooper James A. Foster, AB’81 Elizabeth Orndorff *Deceased ings of classic texts to their own lives, she founded UChicago Medicine’s Cancer Risk DEATHS received a Quantrell Award for Excellence Clinic in 1991, directed the pediatric hema- in Undergraduate Teaching after just four tology/oncology fellowship and the pediat- years as a lecturer and received the Alumni ric neuro-oncology program for many years, Association’s Norman Maclean Faculty and helped lead the University’s efforts to FACULTY AND STAFF Award in 2010, the year she retired. She is bring pediatric cancer care to local commu- survived by her husband; two daughters, in- nities. He is survived by his wife, Gretchen; Raul Hinojosa, associate professor emeri- cluding Miriam R. Kass, LAB’89; a sister; four daughters; and three brothers. tus of surgery, died April 26 in Morelos, two brothers; and four granddaughters. Che-Lin Su, associate professor of opera- Mexico. He was 86. Hinojosa taught pa- John “Sean” Mullan, the John Harper tions management at Chicago Booth, died thology and histology in Mexico before Seely Professor Emeritus in Surgery, died July 31 of cancer. He was 41. Su was a post- joining the otolaryngology section of the June 4 in Chicago. He was 90. Mullan joined doctoral fellow at the National Bureau of University’s surgical faculty in 1962. An the faculty in 1955, becoming a full profes- Economic Research and Northwestern expert on ear diseases, he consistently sor in 1963 and later the neurological sur- University before joining the Booth facul- earned research funding from the Na - gery section chief and acting chairman of ty in 2008. Also a scholar with the Becker tional Institutes of Health, published and the surgery department. A pioneer in neu - Friedman Institute, Su researched struc- lectured widely, and gathered one of the rosurgery, he developed several minimally tural estimation, optimization, and compu- world’s largest collections of temporal invasive methods , variations of which are tational economics, and earned grants from bones and related tissue for scientific study. still in use. He published widely and was IBM, the Initiative on Global Markets, Hinojosa retired from the University with a past president of the Society of Neuro- and the National Science Foundation. He emeritus status in 1998. He is survived by logical Surgeons. He is survived by his is survived by his wife, Bella; his parents; his wife, Berta; two daughters; two sons, wife, Vivian; a daughter, Joan C. Mullan, a sister; and a brother. including Raul Andres Hinojosa-Ojeda, LAB’78, MD’91; two sons, John C. Mul- Pera Wirszup, lecturer in Russian and LAB’75, AB’80, AM’80, PhD’89; two lan, LAB’79, MD’87, and Brian Mullan, longtime resident master, died August 20 sisters, including Maria L. Hinojosa , LAB’81, MD’91; a granddaughter, Caitlin in Chicago. She was 100. Pera and her hus- LAB’79; and four grandchildren. Goldwater, LAB’12; and four grandsons. band, Izaak Wirszup, PhD’55, both Ho- Norman W. Ingham, professor emeritus Yoichiro Nambu, the Harry Pratt Judson locaust survivors, came to Hyde Park in of Slavic languages and literature, died Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus 1949 when Izaak joined the mathematics April 27 in Wilbraham, MA. He was 80. in Physics and the Enrico Fermi Institute, faculty. They served as resident masters of An expert on medieval Slavic and early- died July 5 in Osaka, Japan. He was 94. An Woodward Court from 1971 to 1985. Pera modern Russian literature, Ingham joined influential theoretical physicist, Nambu worked at women’s clothing store Peck the faculty in 1971. He spoke Polish, Rus - joined UChicago in 1954, becoming a full & Peck, rising to a management position, sian, Czech, Spanish, French, Italian, Old professor in 1958 and chairing the physics before teaching conversational Russian Church Slavonic, and Greek, and published department from 1974 to 1977. He shared (one of the six languages she spoke) at the widely on the work of Gogol, Turgenev, the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for a the- University from 1980 to 1992. Izaak died in and Tolstoy. For nearly two decades, he ory about the behavior of large groups of 2008, and Pera is survived by their daugh- organized the annual Midwest Medieval subatomic particles and was also known for ter, Marina D. W. Tatar, LAB’54, AB’59; Slavic Workshop at UChicago. Known for his work on string theory and the forces that three granddaughters, including Carolyn his attentiveness to students and his dry bind matter in atomic nuclei. The winner of Beth Tatar, MBA’86, and Audrey Michelle sense of humor, he retired in 2006. He is the J. Robert Oppenheimer Prize, the Wolf Tatar, MD’88; and six great-grandsons, in- survived by two nieces and five nephews. Prize in Physics, the Benjamin Franklin cluding Jacob Rosenbacher, LAB’12, and Philip W. Jackson, the David Lee Shil- Medal, and other honors, Nambu retired current Lab student Reed Rosenbacher. linglaw Distinguished Service Professor in 1991. He is survived by his wife, Chieko, Emeritus in Education, Psychology, and and a son,John J. Nambu, LAB’68, AB’73. 1930s the College, died July 21. He was 86. An David Raup, SB’53, the Sewell L. Avery expert on education pioneer and Labora- Distinguished Service Professor Emeri- Frances O. Kelsey, PhD’38, MD’50, died tory Schools founder John Dewey, Jackson tus in Geophysical Sciences, died July 9 August 7 in London, Ontario. She was 101. joined the faculty in 1955, later chairing in Sturgeon Bay, WI. He was 82. A pale- Kelsey joined the US Food and Drug Ad- the Department of Education and hold- ontologist and authority on evolution and ministration in 1960 and is best known for ing administrative roles at the Laboratory mass extinction, Raup taught at several her work preventing the approval of tha- Schools. Jackson’s research focused on institutions before returning to UChicago lidomide, a drug used to alleviate morning pedagogical methods and how children as a visiting professor in 1977. He joined the sickness in pregnant women that was later learn as well as how schools influence chil- University faculty in 1980 and chaired the linked to birth defects. She was honored dren’s moral development. He is survived Department of Geophysical Sciences from with the President’s Award for Distin- by his wife, Josephine; a daughter, Nancy 1982 to 1985, retiring in 1995. Known for guished Federal Civilian Service in 1962 Jackson, LAB’73; two sons, David Jack- challenging accepted paleontological and spent the rest of her 45-year career at son, LAB’76, and Steven Wesley Jack- principles, Raup used the fossil record to the FDA strengthening the country’s phar- son, LAB’79; and a granddaughter. develop theories about biodiversity and maceutical testing regulations. She was in- Amy Kass, AB’62, senior lecturer emerita introduce approaches like computer and ducted into the National Women’s Hall of in humanities, died August 19 in Wash- mathematical modeling to paleontology. Fame in 2000, and a day before her death, ington, DC. She was 74. Kass taught high He is survived by his wife, Judith Yama- her home country recognized her with the school and participated in civil rights advo- moto; a son, Mitchell D. Raup, AB’80; a Order of Canada. She is survived by two cacy before returning to UChicago in 1976 grandson; and a stepson. daughters, a sister, and two grandchildren. to teach humanities in the College. Along Charles Rubin, associate professor of pe- Theodore “Ted” Caplow, AB’39, died with her husband, Leon Kass, LAB’54, diatrics, died of heart failure on July 17 in July 4 in Charlottesville, VA. He was 95. SB’58, MD’62, she cofounded the Human New Lenox, IL. He was 62. An expert on A World War II veteran and Purple Heart Being and Citizen course in the Core cur- the genetic aspects of pediatric cancer, Ru- recipient, Caplow taught at the University riculum and developed a class on courtship bin came to UChicago in 1985 as a fellow in of Minnesota and Columbia University and marriage, and she served as an adviser in Janet Rowley’s (LAB’42, PhB’45, SB’46, before joining the University of Virginia in the Fundamentals: Issues and Texts major. MD’48) laboratory, joining the faculty of 1970 as chair of the sociology department. Known for helping students apply the teach- the Cancer Research Center in 1987. He co- He is known for his work on the “Middle-

80 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 town” studies, which used Muncie, IN, armaments industry during World War II zations, in 1997 Eek was inducted into the as a microcosm from which to examine and later in administration at Northwest - Oklahoma Higher Education Hall of Fame. 20th-century American life. The author of ern University. A believer in the power of He is survived by two sons, a brother, and several books, Caplow retired from UVa in education, Parisi endowed scholarships four grandchildren. 2005. He is survived by his wife, Marga- at UChicago, Sarah Lawrence College, Irwin A. Rose, SB’48, PhD’52, died June ret; seven children; a sister; 10 grandchil - and DePaul University with her husband, 2 in Deerfield, MA. He was 88. Rose was dren; and two great-grandchildren. Dominic G. Parisi, EX’43, MBA’48, who on the faculty at the Yale School of Medi- died in 2010. She is survived by three cine before moving to Fox Chase Cancer 1940s daughters; a son; a sister, Ann T. Fathy, Center in Philadelphia, where he studied AB’56; a brother; a granddaughter; and how cellular proteins are broken down. Harriet Bachman, AM’41, of Lenox, MA, four step-grandchildren. His work led to better understanding of died July 25. She was 100. After a brief stint Elizabeth (Dickson) Eberhard, AB’46, of many diseases and to the development of at Henry Holt Publishing Co., Bachman Santa Fe, NM, died September 2, 2012. She a new class of cancer-fighting drugs, and joined Time magazine, where she was copy was 95. Proud her entire life of completing earned Rose and two collaborators the desk chief for more than 30 years. She was college in two years, Eberhard worked as a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004. He is the author of the Time stylebook, which was writer and editor at organizations includ - survived by his wife, Zelda; three sons; used by two generations of staffers. In 1997 ing Walter Reed Army Medical Center and and five grandchildren. she was honored by her home state with her the National Institutes of Health. She is induction into the Indiana Journalism Hall survived by a daughter and two grandsons. 1950s of Fame. She is survived by two sisters and Olga Giacchetti Fineman, SB’46, died eight nieces and nephews. April 20 in Idaho Falls, ID. She was 92. Mirl Wesley Whitaker, AM’51, died June William E. Frye, PhD’41, died April 15 in Fineman worked as a laboratory techni - 10 in Springfield, IL. He was 93. A School Palo Alto, CA. He was 97. Frye joined the cian for the Manhattan Project and later of Social Service Administration graduate, Naval Research Lab in Washington, DC, as an encyclopedia saleswoman and a Whitaker worked in children’s homes in Il- the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor, livestock auction cashier. A homemaker, linois, Washington, and New York before and took a job at North American Avia- PTA president, Cub Scout den mother, becoming executive director of the Child tion in Southern California after the war. and theater usher, she enjoyed playing Care Association of Illinois in 1968. He In 1956 he began working in research and bridge and tennis. She is survived by later earned a real estate license and sold development at Lockheed Missiles and two sons, three grandchildren, and five residential properties. He is survived by Space, retiring in 1990. His wife, Betty great-grandchildren. three sons, including Stuart M. Whitaker, Frye, AB’35, died in 1990. He is survived Don Yoder, DB’45, PhD’47, of Devon, PA, AB’77, MBA’80; three sisters; six grand- by a daughter, a son, three granddaughters, died August 11. He was 93. Yoder taught children; and four great-grandchildren. two grandsons, and a great-grandson. American, religious, and folklife studies at James I. Doi, AM’50, PhD’52, of Seattle Clara R. Johns, MD’41, died May 18 in the University of Pennsylvania for 40 years, died June 5. He was 92. Detained in a Japa- Umpqua, OR. She was 98. Johns spent retiring with emeritus status in 1996. An ex- nese internment camp during World War her medical career providing care to un- pert on Pennsylvania Dutch culture, he was II, Doi went on to serve in the US Army’s derserved populations on the West Coast, also dedicated to its preservation, helping to Military Intelligence Service in occupied from migrant children in Santa Clara establish the Library of Congress’s Ameri- Japan, for which he received the Congres- County to Native Americans living on re- can Folklife Center and the Kutztown (PA) sional Medal of Honor in 2013. He complet- mote tribal lands. Following her retirement Folk Festival and cofounding the Pennsyl- ed his dissertation at UChicago and later as medical director of a home care program vania Folklife Society. held professorships at several universities in 1982, the State of California commended Marvin L. Shapiro, SB’47, SM’49, died before being appointed dean of the Univer- her for her service to the community. Her May 19, 2014, in Houston. He was 90. A sity of Rochester’s school of education in husband, William A. Hall, MD’44, died in World War II veteran of the US Navy, 1971. In 1979 he became dean of the educa- 2002. She is survived by three daughters, Shapiro worked on geological projects tion school at the University of Washing - one son, two granddaughters, two grand - at BP Amoco for 33 years, then spent the ton, retiring in 1988. He is survived by a sons, and two great-grandchildren. next 20 years as a geologist for a Texas oil daughter and two sisters. Raymond C. Crooks, SB’42, of Oklahoma company. He is survived by his wife, Lou; Robert H. March, LAB’49, AB’52, SM’55, City died May 7. He was 94. For 39 years, one daughter; two sons; a brother; eight PhD’60, of Madison, WI, died August 4 in Crooks was a meteorologist with the grandchildren; two great-grandchildren; Fitchburg, WI. He was 81. For more than National Weather Service in the United two stepdaughters; and a stepson. 40 years, March was a physics professor States and Ireland, retiring as chief me- Clara Magnusson Weaver, PhB’47, SB’52, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, teorologist of Oklahoma City in 1981. He of Inverness, FL, died August 9, 2014. where he conducted high energy physics enjoyed traveling and hosting international She was 86. A registered nurse, Weaver and astrophysics research and helped to visitors. He is survived by his wife, Lois; worked for many years at Citrus Memorial redesign the science component of UW’s three daughters; two sons; 11 grandchil- Hospital and Seven Rivers Hospital, both liberal studies program. He was also a dren; and 10 great-grandchildren. in Florida, and was a consistent supporter folk musician and a member of the Union Bette (Hinkel) Dorge, SB’43, of Lake of social and environmental advocacy of Concerned Scientists. He is survived Forest, IL, died June 27. She was 94. An groups. She is survived by three daugh- by a son; two brothers, including William American Red Cross worker in Japan and ters, a son, eight grandchildren, and two James March, PhD’75; and a grandson. the Philippines from 1945 to 1947, Dorge great-grandchildren. Frank M. Byers, PhD’55, died July 12 in pursued a career in nutrition before marry- Nathaniel Sisson Eek, AB’48, died April Longmont, CO. He was 99. Byers worked ing and raising a family. She enjoyed playing 30 in Santa Fe, NM. He was 87. Eek spent for the US Geological Survey from 1941 golf, tennis, badminton, paddle tennis, and his career in arts education, working as a to 1980, conducting fieldwork in Alaska, bridge; volunteering with her church; and theater director at the University of Kan- Nevada, California, and Colorado. He hosting friends and family. She is survived sas and an assistant professor of speech at then joined Los Alamos National Labo- by her husband, Donald; two daughters, Michigan State University before being ratory where he worked as a full-time re - including Pamela D. Russell, MBA’86; a appointed director of the University of search geologist until 1988, continuing to sister; a granddaughter; and four grandsons. Oklahoma’s drama school in 1962. He be - consult for the laboratory and the USGS Helen Tyler Parisi, AB’43, died June 16 in came dean of the fine arts college in 1976. A until 2006. He is survived by two daugh- Chicago. She was 92. Parisi worked in the volunteer with many arts education organi- ters, two sons, three granddaughters, four

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 81 grandsons, one great-granddaughter, and a principal negotiator and conciliator for zona, department director at Thunder- two great-grandsons. race and civil rights, and later helped devel- bird University, and vice chancellor at George William Lang, AM’55, of Sioux op the Model Cities Program. He was part Western International University, and Falls, SD, died June 4. He was 86. Lang of the original organizing staff of the Na - also volunteered with the International was a Baptist minister in Chicago and lived tional Urban Coalition and the first direc- Executive Service Corps. He is survived in several areas of Cameroon, moving to tor of the US Office of Voluntary Action, by three sons, a granddaughter, and two Sioux Falls in 1971. There, he worked as where he helped oversee the Peace Corps, step-granddaughters. a library administrator and instructor for VISTA, and other programs at the result- John A. Marino, AB’68, AM’70, PhD’77, the North American Baptist Seminary un- ing agency, ACTION. From 1973 until his died December 3 in San Diego. He was til retiring in 1999. He served as a deacon at retirement in 1997, Mould held leadership 68. A scholar of early modern European his church and enjoyed photography, gar- roles with the national YMCA. He is sur - history, Marino joined the University of dening, and stamps. He is survived by his vived by his wife, Martha; two daughters; California, San Diego, as assistant profes- wife, Lenore; two daughters; two sons; a a sister; a granddaughter; a stepdaughter; a sor in 1979. He went on to chair the history brother; five granddaughters; two grand - stepson; and five step-grandchildren. department and published widely, includ- sons; and three great-grandsons. Gerhard E. Spiegler, DB’56, AM’60, ing two influential monographs on 16th- James Schoenwetter, AB’55, AB’56, died PhD’61, died August 24 in Wynnewood, century Naples. He retired from UCSD in Tempe, AZ, on August 22. He was 80. PA. He was 85. A religious studies schol- with emeritus status in 2014. He is sur - A professor of anthropology at Arizona ar, Spiegler taught at Haverford College vived by his wife, Cynthia Maria Truant, State University for more than 30 years, and served as its provost and interim presi- AM’72, PhD’78; a daughter; and a son, Schoenwetter was a pioneer in the applica- dent before joining Temple University as Marc J. Marino, AB’11. tion of pollen analysis to archaeology and provost, later becoming a professor and de- a proponent of preserving sites untouched partment chair. In 1985 he was appointed 1970s for future scientists with better tools. He is president of Elizabethtown College, from survived by his partner, Jan Jacobs; a son; which he retired in 1996. He is survived by Helen Hughes, PhD’70, died May 26 in a brother, David M. Schoenwetter, SB’65; his wife, Ethel; a daughter; two sons; a sis- Belfast, ME. She was 93. Hughes was a and two grandchildren. ter; and two granddaughters. longtime psychology professor at Gov- Laurie Martin Gunter, PhD’59, died June James Ely Shrauner, PhD’63, died June 1 ernors State University, where she was 15 in Seattle. She was 93. Gunter taught at in Chesterfield, MO. He was 82. A student also the founding editor of the Creative the University of Washington for five years of Yoichiro Nambu [See page 80.—Ed.], Woman, a journal for women from many before joining the faculty of Penn State’s Shrauner joined the physics department at fields to share ideas and creative works. College of Human Development in 1971. Washington University in 1965, retiring as She maintained a private practice in neuro- An elected member of the Institute of Med- professor emeritus in 2001. He was a trust- psychology and was active in social justice icine and the National Academy of Scienc- ee of the Universities Research Associa- movements throughout her life. She is sur- es, Gunter focused her research on nursing tion panel for Fermi National Accelerator vived by a son, a sister, four grandchildren, care for the elderly, a topic on which she Laboratory and a consultant for the URA’s and four great-grandchildren. published widely. She retired from Penn Superconducting Super-Collider Central Elizabeth Hedwig Floyd, AB’76, MBA’77, State with emerita status in 1987. She is Design Group. He is survived by his wife, died on March 15 in Hunterdon County, survived by two daughters, two grand- Barbara; a daughter; a son; a brother; and NJ. She was 61. A business executive, she daughters, and three great-grandchildren. four grandchildren. had retired in 2006 as managing director Theodore S. Piwowar, SB’59, of Chicago, Robert K. Dewar, SB’64 (Class of 1965), of Concurrent Industries Group in New died July 13. He was 85. A Korean War vet- PhD’68, died June 30 in Bennington, VT. York City. She was an avid equestrian, a eran, Piwowar worked as a chemist for the He was 70. Dewar joined the computer student of the political economy, and proud US Food and Drug Administration for three science faculty at New York University owner of a smooth collie. She is survived decades. He is survived by four sisters, a in 1975, becoming a full professor in 1976 by her husband, Randolph Floyd, AB’79, brother, and many nieces and nephews. and later chair of the department. Involved MBA’83; a brother, Andrew Kleczek, with the Ada programming language since AB’64; four nieces, including Julie (Klec- 1960s its earliest stages, he implemented the first zek) Cohen, AB’00; and two nephews. validated compiler for Ada 83 at NYU. In David B. Straus, EX’51, PhD’60, died June 1994 he cofounded AdaCore to commer- 1980s 11 in Gardiner, NY. He was 84. Straus was cialize Ada language compiler technology, a chemistry professor at the State Univer- serving as CEO until 2012 and president Charles H. Howell, AB’84, of Staten Is- sity of New York in Buffalo (1965–72) and until his death. His wife, Karin E. Dewar, land, NY, died of a heart condition on July 5 at SUNY New Paltz (1972–99), as well AB’65, died in 2013. He is survived by a in Boulder, CO. He was 53. Howell worked as a longtime councillor for the American daughter, a son, and two grandchildren. in Boston’s Department of Public Welfare Chemical Society. He contributed to social Donald C. Wellington, AM’61, PhD’66, before becoming an Episcopal priest and justice causes and was active in Gardiner’s died March 12 in Winter Park, FL. He was spending 11 years serving a church in Grand local government. He is survived by his 85. A specialist in economic history and Rapids, MI. In 2006 he was called to be the wife, Harriet; a daughter, Lisa Straus, thought, Wellington taught at San Diego rector at Christ Church New Brighton on AB’78; two sons; and eight grandchildren. State University (1964–67) and then at the Staten Island. He is survived by his wife, Barbara E. Spitzer, AB’60, of Stamford, University of Cincinnati (1967–2001). He Elizabeth; a daughter; two sisters; a broth- CT, died July 5. She was 78. Dedicated to published widely in the field of economics er; and his stepmother. helping others, Spitzer was a clinical psy - and also wrote two novels. He is survived chologist and active in various political, by his wife, Jean; a daughter; a sister; and 2000s peace, and humanitarian causes. She is sur- four grandchildren. vived by her husband, Donald P. Spitzer, Douglas Neil Upshaw, MBA’67, died Timothy W. Doede, AM’98, MBA’00, of PhD’60; three sons; a brother; and seven July 18. He was 84. Upshaw began work- New York City, died March 26. He was 41. grandchildren. ing at International Harvester in 1957 and Doede spent his career in finance, working Christopher M. Mould, JD’61, died July 10 rose through the ranks, retiring as vice most recently as portfolio manager for a in Scarborough, ME. He was 78. In 1965 president of international operations in series of small funds. He is survived by his Mould joined the US Department of Jus- 1985. He went on to serve as manager of wife, Rebecca Hornstein Doede; a daugh- tice’s Community Relations Services as international trade for the State of Ari- ter; and a son.

82 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 CHICAGO CLASSIFIEDS

SERVICES hot tub, spa, and restaurant. Awesome hik- ing, surfi ng, snorkeling. Paradise. elindner Investment counselor Kevin C. Smith, @rcn.com, 540.347.5975. CFA, MBA’92, 22 years of professional ex- perience. 303.228.7374 or ksmith@crescat US Virgin Islands. St. John. Hillcrest .net. Guest House. www.hillcreststjohn.com. 340.776.6744. Delahoyde Projects is a full-service pro- duction company but one that’s immedi- ately scalable to fit any size project and WANTED budget. Have a quick, web-based idea that needs to be pulled off in a week? Have a Inkwater Press publishes book-length fi c- massive commercial you need a cast of doz- tion, nonfiction, and poetry. Royalties. ens for, and an equally big crew? We’ve 503.968.6777. inkwaterpress.com. done plenty of both. From epic spots to corporate industrials and testimonials, Hyde Park Cats, your local not-for-profi t short form comedy fi lms to complex mo- cat/kitten rescue organization, needs your tion graphics, we’ve seen and done it all, help! We seek fosterers, adopters, volun- on time every time and always on budget. teers of many types, and donors. Read See thehoyde.com. more and join our mission for a humane Chicago, where every cat is a wanted cat at College Admissions Consultant hydeparkcats.org. Justin Nevin, AM’04 Author, “Is It Easy Being Green?” Writing the NEW College Application Essay EVENTS 10 years’ high school and college teaching experience Alumni Weekend 2016: Come back to beinggreenbook.com campus June 2–5, 2016, to reconnect with [email protected] friends, celebrate milestones, and enjoy 315.853.5276 lectures, tours, and other programming. Book available online everywhere

GERMAN TO ENGLISH LITER ARY TRANSLATOR. PHILOSOPHY BA (UCHICAGO), MA (BROWN), MSW GERONTOLOGY (UMD). ADJUNCT Good Reads. ASST. PROF. NYU. Translated ethics works Franz Brentano (Routledge & Ke- Find great books written by Chicago Classifi eds Reach 155,000 Readers gan Paul), ethics volume Viktor Kraft, your fellow alumni on the and collected works Hans Reichenbach AD RATES $3 per word, 10-word minimum. Magazine’s GoodReads shelf. (D. Reidel). Unpublished memoir Franco- DISCOUNTS 5% for advertising in 2–3 issues and 15% for Prussian War. Original articles in social 4 or more issues. Go to mag.uchicago.edu/alumni-books work journals. Ghostwriting, editing. Eliz- DEADLINES December 7 for the Winter 2016 issue. abeth Hughes Schneewind, MA, LCSW. to browse our collection by UChicago To learn more, visit mag.uchicago.edu/advertising. 718.783.0003. [email protected]. affi liation, or to submit your book. ADVERTISING CATEGORIES (Check one.)

❒ For Sale ❒ Professional Services ❒ Events REAL ESTATE ❒ Real Estate ❒ Personals ❒ Travel ❒ Rental ❒ Wanted ❒ Other Pristine 51 acres with house, built 2006, in North Central Florida. Hand-crafted library, huge windows, wood fl oors, stun- Name ning views: pasture, woods, and streams. ate someone who knows Daytime Phone Privacy, yet half hour to Gainesville or that “Pas de Deux” is Lake City. 51acres.blogspot.com. not the father of twins... Email D PAYMENT MUST ACCOMPANY ORDER RENTALS ❒ Visa ❒ Mastercard ❒ Discover Costa Rica Luxury Villas/Condos. Ocean Join the dating Account # Exp. Date Views, Beach Club, Concierge, Golf, network for ❒ Spa, Adventures! jane@papagayoluxury the Ivies Check (Payable to University of Chicago Magazine.) .com, 305.600.0766. Submit form, typed classifi ed advertisement, and www.rightstuffdating.com payment via email to uchicago-magazine@uchicago Kauai, North Shore oceanfront condo 800-988-5288 .edu, or by fax to 773.702.8836, or by mail to The University of Chicago Magazine, 5235 South Harper nestled amidst magical mountains; in Court, Suite 500, Chicago, IL 60615. small, secluded resort with saltwater pool,

the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 83 LITE OF THE MIND

Richard H. Thaler, @R_Thaler Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics, Chicago Booth

Coauthor of Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness (Yale University Press, 2008) and author of Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics (W. W. Norton and Company, 2015)

Advice: Spend some time just reading. Find out what you like and don’t like. Then you can start tweeting in an informed way.

Peggy Mason, @neuroMOOC Meet Professor, Department of Neurobiology How I tweet: It’s defi nitely an acquired taste. I use it to talk to my Neuro MOOC (massive open online course) students and share neuro things. The other categories I permit myself and to write about are cats, the environment, and science. tweet Neil Shubin, @NeilShubin etween them, professors Richard Robert R. Bensley Professor, Department of Organismal H. Thaler, Peggy Mason, Neil Biology and Anatomy, and Associate Dean for Academic Shubin, and Harold Pollack have Strategy, Division of the Biological Sciences B more than 57,000 followers on Twitter. Carrie Golus, AB’91, AM’93 Author of Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion- (@carriegolus), talked to them about Year History of the Human Body (Pantheon, 2008) and The their tweeting life. Here, a few snippets Universe Within: Discovering the Common History of Rocks, of the conversation reveal how they use Planets, and People (Pantheon, 2013) the social media site and what advice they have for Twitter fl edglings. Advice: Stay positive. Don’t try to go viral. Don’t get in arguments. Read the whole Q&A at mag .uchicago.edu/university-news /power-tweeters.

Harold Pollack, @haroldpollack Helen Ross Professor and Deputy Dean for Research and Faculty Development, School of Social Service Administration

Coauthor of “The Index Card: Why Personal Finance Does Not Have to Be Complicated” (Portfolio, forthcoming), based on an actual index card that went viral in 2013

How I tweet: My favorite use of Twi– er is complimenting people. All of my TAs and many of my students follow me covertly. So I can say something nice about one of my TAs and they can forward it to their mom.

84 the university of chicago magazine | fall 2015 Rise to the challenge: 125,000 engaged alumni Invite fellow alumni to engage by giving, attending events, volunteering, or using #InquiryImpact. YOUR ENGAGEMENT helps build a powerful network that fosters personal and professional success for alumni around the world. Enjoy the benefits of being a UChicago alumnus. Bring a culture of rigorous inquiry to bear on complex, global issues; and amplify the University’s impact.

JOIN THE CAMPAIGN

ON CAMPUS, NEAR YOU, ONLINE campaign.uchicago.edu/join SEPT–OCT 2011, VOLUME 104, NUMBER 1

OUR FUNDS HAVE A RECORD WORLD OLD THE IN BEES … CARTA MAGNA … 2040 FORECASTING … PAST THE FROM POSTCARDS … LABS URBAN LIKE A BROKEN RECORD.

TIAA-CREF: Lipper’s Best Overall Large Fund Company1 three years in a row. For the fi rst time ever. How? Our disciplined investment strategy aims to produce competitive risk-adjusted returns that create long-term value for you. Just what you’d expect from a company that’s created to serve and built to perform. Learn more about our unprecedented, award-winning performance at TIAA.org/Perform

BUILT TO PERFORM. CREATED TO SERVE.

1 The Lipper Award is given to the group with the lowest average decile ranking of three years’ Consistent Return for eligible funds over the three-year period ended 11/30/12, 11/30/13, and 11/30/14 respectively. TIAA-CREF was ranked among 36 fund companies in 2012 and 48 fund companies in 2013 and 2014 with at least fi ve equity, fi ve bond, or three mixed-asset portfolios. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For current performance and rankings, please visit the Research and Performance section on tiaa-cref.org. TIAA-CREF Individual & Institutional Services, LLC, Teachers Personal Investors Services, Inc., and Nuveen Securities, LLC, members FINRA and SIPC, distribute securities products. ©2015 Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America–College Retire- ment Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF), 730 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017. C24849B 1 Consider investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses carefully The Lipper Awards are based on a review of 36 companies’ 2012 and 48 companies’ 2013 and 2014 risk-adjusted performance. before investing. Go to tiaa-cref.org for product and fund prospectuses that contain this and other information. Read carefully before investing. FALL 2015 TIAA-CREF funds are subject to market and other risk factors.

NOV–DEC 2014, VOLUME 107, NUMBER 2

150925_TIAA-CREF_Chicago.indd 1 10/8/15 9:49 AM