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Morfologia Dos Esporos De Sematophyllaceae Broth

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Morfologia Dos Esporos De Sematophyllaceae Broth Revista Brasil. Bot., V.32, n.2, p.299-306, abr.-jun. 2009 Morfologia dos esporos de Sematophyllaceae Broth. ocorrentes em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil1 ISABELA CRESPO CALDEIRA2,4, VANIA GONÇALVES LOURENÇO ESTEVES2 e ANDRÉA PEREIRA LUIZI-PONZO3 (recebido: 24 de abril de 2008; aceito: 05 de março de 2009) ABSTRACT – (Spores morphology from Sematophyllaceae Broth. from three fragments of Mata Atlântica, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In the present work the spores of seven species of the family Sematophyllaceae Broth. (Bryophyta) from three areas of Mata Atlântica were analyzed. For the spores’ external morphology analysis, the direct method in glycerined gelatin was used and for the measurements the method of acetolysis was used. The largest and smaller diameters (in polar view) and the thickness of the wall were measured. The analysis was carried under optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope. The spores are isomorphic, from small to medium size, heteropolars, of subcircular amb, with proximal apertural region and granulated surface. The apertural region is irregular. The variations found between the spores of the different species are related to the size of the spores and the distribution of the trimming elements. Key words - Bryophyta, Mata Atlântica, Sematophyllaceae, spores RESUMO – (Morfologia dos esporos de Sematophyllaceae Broth. ocorrentes em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). No presente trabalho foram analisados os esporos de sete espécies da família Sematophyllaceae Broth. (Bryophyta) ocorrentes em três áreas de Mata Atlântica. Para análise da morfologia externa dos esporos, utilizou-se o método direto em gelatina glicerinada e para as medidas foi utilizado o método de acetólise. Foram medidos os diâmetros maior e menor (em vista polar) e a espessura da parede. As análises foram realizadas sob microscópio de luz e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Após a realização das medidas, realizou-se a análise estatística e estas foram apresentadas em tabelas. Os esporos são isomórficos, de tamanho pequeno a médio, heteropolares, de amb subcircular, com região apertural proximal e superfície granulada. A região apertural é irregular. As variações encontradas entre os esporos das diferentes espécies estão relacionadas ao tamanho dos esporos e à distribuição dos elementos de ornamentação. Palavras-chave - Bryophyta, esporos, Mata Atlântica, Sematophyllaceae Introdução oblíquo, dentes do exostômio comumente sulcados e estriados transversalmente (Visnadi 2006). Sematophyllaceae Broth. é uma família de musgos A primeira diagnose de Sematophyllaceae Broth. encontrada predominantemente no hemisfério sul, com foi feita por Brotherus (1925) que descreve como a a maioria dos seus representantes, 20 gêneros e 90 principal característica da família a organização das espécies, nos trópicos (Buck 1982, Visnadi 2006). No células alares. Outras características empregadas para sua Brasil existem 22 gêneros e 127 espécies. Na região de delimitação incluem: a presença de gemas filamentosas estudo, é registrada a ocorrência de três gêneros e sete nas axilas dos filídios, opérculo longo-rostrado e células espécies (Yano 1996, Oliveira-e-Silva 1998). exoteciais colenquimatosas (Tan et al. 2007). A família Sematophyllaceae Broth. é caracterizada Atualmente, os estudos taxonômicos de revisão dos por apresentar filídios verde-dourados, com costa curta gêneros e subgêneros nesta família baseiam-se nos e dupla ou ecostados, com células geralmente lineares, caracteres do esporófito, morfologia do peristômio e lisas ou papilosas e células dos ângulos da base dos características moleculares (Tan et al. 2007, Hedeñas filídios diferenciadas, opérculo com rostro, em geral & Buck 1999). Segundo Tan et al. (2007), muitas descobertas têm sido feitas com relação aos caracteres que definem os gêneros dentro da família Sematophyllaceae 1. Parte da dissertação de mestrado da primeira autora, Programa de Broth., mas há, ainda, uma falta de consenso entre os Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) do Museu especialistas na circunscrição desta família. Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 2. Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Diante desta incerteza quanto à circunscrição da Vista, São Cristóvão 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ. família, pretende-se, neste trabalho, caracterizar 3. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Botânica, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG. morfologicamente os esporos de sete espécies de 4. Autora para correspondência: [email protected] Sematophyllaceae Broth. ocorrentes em três áreas de medidos 30esporos contidosemummínimo detrêslâminas, desvio padrãodamédia( aritmética ( estatística dosresultadosonde foramcalculadasamédia determinar asposiçõespolareequatorial. do tamanhoesporo,umavezquehouvedificuldadeem utilizou-se odiâmetromaiorcomoreferênciaparadeterminação exina), foramrealizadas10medidas. Paraaanálisedosestratosdoesporoderma(perina e polar. lâminas. Forammedidosodiâmetromaioremenoremvista foram medidos10esporoscontidos,emummínimodetrês lâminas. Paraosespécimesdenominadosdecomparação, em cadalâminadematerialpadrão,ummínimoquatro retirados esporosdequatrocápsulas. quantidade deesporos(50).Noprocessoacetóliseforam dos esporos,alémdisso,procurou-semedirumamaior cápsula paraevitargrandesvariaçõesnoestadodematuração de Erdtman(1952)utilizou-seesporosumamesma método deacetóliseErdtman(1952). ornamentação daexinaeespessuraparedefoiutilizadoo Ponzo &Melhem(2006).Paraaavaliaçãodaestruturae (1935), incluindoasmodificaçõesapresentadasporLuizi- Wodehouse de maturaçãodosesporosfoiutilizadoométodo esporos, variaçãodotamanho,bemcomodeterminaroestado determinação daheteropolaridadedos do conteúdocelular, os espécimes“padrão”estãoassinaladoscomumasterisco. material decomparação.Nalistagemexaminado, padrão paraasdescriçõeseilustraçõesosdemais,como dados, sendoumdestesespécimesutilizadocomomaterial os esporosdequatroespécimesparaaconfirmaçãodos Rio deJaneiro(HRJ). foram cedidaspeloHerbáriodaUniversidadedoEstado As exsicatasestudadas Angra dosReis. da PraiadoSul, Parque EstadualdaIlhaGrandeeReservaBiológica Ecológica deRiodasPedras,municípioMangaratiba, presença doesporófitoeomaterialserprocedentedaReserva Broth. Oscritériosparaaseleçãodosexemplaresforam 95% ( coeficiente devariação( e caracterizaçãotaxonômicadasBriófitas. ser umaferramentaimportanteparaauxiliarnadefinição existentes nafamília,poisapalinologiatemdemonstrado poderão auxiliarnaresoluçãodosproblemastaxonômicos Atlântica. Osdados Mata 300 Para osespécimesdenominados “comparação”,foram Após atomadadasmedidas,realizou-seanálise Em todososmateriaisselecionadosparamensuração, Para aanálisequantitativa,forammedidos50esporos (1935)ea acetólise Wodehouse Durante otratamentode Para aanálisemorfológicaexternadaparede, Para cadaespécieforamestudados,semprequepossível, Foram estudadasseteespéciesdafamíliaSematophyllaceae IC ) queestãoexpressosnatabela 1. x ), doslimitesdasuaamplitude ( Material emétodos I. C.Caldeira CV s ) edointervalodeconfiança a x encontrados nestasanálises ), dodesviopadrão( et al. : MorfologiadosesporosdeSematophyllaceaedoRioJaneiro X min - X máx s ), do ), do Tabela 1. Dados morfométricos dos esporos acetolisados do material padrão, em µm (diâmetros maior e menor, n = 50 e estratos do esporoderma, n = 10; X = média aritmética; Sx = desvio padrão da média; s = desvio padrão; CV% = coeficiente de variação; IC = intervalo de confiança a 95%; E = espessura do esporoderma). Table 1. Morphometric data of acetolyzed spores from the reference specimen, in µm (largest and smallest diameter, n = 50 and sporoderm strata, n = 10; X = arithmetic mean; Sx = average standard deviation; s = standard deviation; CV% = variability; IC = 95% confidence interval; E = sporoderm thickeness). Táxons / Medidas Diâmetro maior Diâmetro menor E (Xmin-Xmáx) X ± Sx sICCV%(Xmin-Xmáx) X ± Sx sICCV% Acroporium longirostre 15,0-20,0 17,5 ± 0,2 1,5 17,1-17,9 08,6 12,5-17,5 15,1 ± 0,2 1,6 14,7-15,5 10,5 1,1 Sematophyllum adnatum 10,0-17,5 14,4 ± 0,3 2,2 13,8-14,9 15,7 07,5-15,0 10,6 ± 0,3 2,1 10,0-11,2 19,9 1,2 S. demissum 15,0-20,0 18,0 ± 0,3 1,9 17,4-18,6 10,5 10,0-15,0 12,8 ± 0,3 1,9 12,2-13,4 10,5 1,2 S. subpinnatum 15,0-22,5 19,7 ± 0,3 2,3 19,1-20,3 11,8 15,0-20,0 17,6 ± 0,3 2,0 17,0-18,2 09,6 1,0 S. subsimplex 20,0-25,0 21,2 ± 0,2 1,4 20,9-21,6 06,6 15,0-20,0 17,9 ± 0,2 1,8 17,5-18,3 09,9 1,2 Taxithelium planum 10,0-12,5 14,1 ± 0,2 1,4 13,7-14,5 09,9 10,0-12,5 11,2 ± 0,2 1,3 10,8-11,6 11,2 1,0 Trichosteleum fluviale 7,50-12,5 10,3 ± 0,2 1,3 09,9-10,7 12,6 07,5-10,0 08,4 ± 0,2 1,2 08,0-08,8 14,4 1,2 Revista Brasil. Bot., V.32, n.2, p.299-306, abr.-jun. 2009 301 apresentando-se a média de tamanho (x) e os limites da sua (HRJ); Angra dos Reis, 15-VI-1994, M.I.M.N. Oliveira amplitude (Xmin-Xmáx), expressos na tabela 2. As médias de e Silva 1670* (HRJ); idem, 15-VI-1994, M.I.M.N. tamanho da espessura do esporoderma (E) foram obtidas a Oliveira e Silva 1671 (HRJ); idem, 15-VI-1994, partir de 10 esporos, considerando-se perina e exina em M.I.M.N. Oliveira e Silva 1684 (HRJ); idem, 12-VII-1994, conjunto. M.I.M.N. Oliveira e Silva 1902, (HRJ). Sematophyllum Os esporos foram descritos segundo Erdtman (1952); demissum IO DE ANEIRO Barth & Melhem (1988) e Punt et al. (2007). Utilizou-se (Wilson) Mitt. BRASIL: R J : Angra ainda a terminologia apresentada por Olensen & Mogensen dos Reis, 21-III-1995, O. Yano & M.I.M.N. Oliveira e (1978), Mogensen (1981, 1983) e Brown & Lemmon (1988). Silva 23703*
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