Notes on Aptychella (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida): Yakushimabryum Longissimum, Syn
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Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca. -
Spore Dispersal Vectors
Glime, J. M. 2017. Adaptive Strategies: Spore Dispersal Vectors. Chapt. 4-9. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. 4-9-1 Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 3 June 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 4-9 ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES: SPORE DISPERSAL VECTORS TABLE OF CONTENTS Dispersal Types ............................................................................................................................................ 4-9-2 Wind Dispersal ............................................................................................................................................. 4-9-2 Splachnaceae ......................................................................................................................................... 4-9-4 Liverworts ............................................................................................................................................. 4-9-5 Invasive Species .................................................................................................................................... 4-9-5 Decay Dispersal............................................................................................................................................ 4-9-6 Animal Dispersal .......................................................................................................................................... 4-9-9 Earthworms .......................................................................................................................................... -
<I>Sphagnum</I> Peat Mosses
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12547 Evolution of niche preference in Sphagnum peat mosses Matthew G. Johnson,1,2,3 Gustaf Granath,4,5,6 Teemu Tahvanainen, 7 Remy Pouliot,8 Hans K. Stenøien,9 Line Rochefort,8 Hakan˚ Rydin,4 and A. Jonathan Shaw1 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 2Current Address: Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe, Illinois 60022 3E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen¨ 18D, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden 5School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 6Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 7Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland 8Department of Plant Sciences and Northern Research Center (CEN), Laval University Quebec, Canada 9Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum, Trondheim, Norway Received March 26, 2014 Accepted September 23, 2014 Peat mosses (Sphagnum)areecosystemengineers—speciesinborealpeatlandssimultaneouslycreateandinhabitnarrowhabitat preferences along two microhabitat gradients: an ionic gradient and a hydrological hummock–hollow gradient. In this article, we demonstrate the connections between microhabitat preference and phylogeny in Sphagnum.Usingadatasetof39speciesof Sphagnum,withan18-locusDNAalignmentandanecologicaldatasetencompassingthreelargepublishedstudies,wetested -
О Развитии Веточек У Fontinalaceae (Bryophyta) Ulyana N
Arctoa (2011) 20: 119-136 ON THE BRANCH DEVELOPMENT IN FONTINALACEAE (BRYOPHYTA) О РАЗВИТИИ ВЕТОЧЕК У FONTINALACEAE (BRYOPHYTA) ULYANA N. SPIRINA1 & MICHAEL S. IGNATOV2 УЛЬЯНА Н. СПИРИНА1 , МИХАИЛ С. ИГНАТОВ2 Abstract The branch primordia in Fontinalis, Dichelyma and Brachelyma are studied. The most common pattern in the family is that the outermost branch leaf is in ‘eleven o’clock position’, due to a reduction of the first branch leaf that starts to develop in ‘four o’clock position’. Strong elongation of the stem and an extensive displacement of the branch primodium far from the leaf axil are probably the main factors of this reduction. However, in some species of Fontinalis the first branch merophyte pro- duces lamina, either single or compound; at the same time, in F. hypnoides both the first and second branch leaves are reduced, so the outermost leaf is in ‘twelve o’clock posi- tion’. The branch ‘foot’ formed of the bases of proximal branch leaves is discussed. Резюме Изучены зачатки веточек Fontinalis, Dichelyma и Brachelyma. Наиболее распространенным вариантом расположения веточных листьев является тот, при котором наиболее наружный находится в положении ‘11 часов циферблата’, что связано с редукцией первого веточного листа, по-видимому, вследствие сильного растяжения стебля и смещения зачатка веточки относительно пазухи листа. Однако у некоторых видов Fontinalis первый веточный лист имеет развитую пластинку, простую или составную; в то же время есть виды, у которых обычно редуцируются и 1 и 2 веточные листья, так что наиболее наружный оказывается в положении ‘12 часов циферблата’. Обсуждается ‘стопа’, часто развитая в основании веточки, которая образована клетками оснований проксимальных веточных листьев. -
Species Richness, Distribution, and Status of Mosses in Selected Mountains in Mindanao, Philippines
AsianVol. 1 JournalNo. 1 December of Biodiversity 2010 Asian Journal of Biodiversity CHED Accredited Research Journal, Category A Art. #103, pp. 72-90 Print ISSN 2094-1519 • Electronic ISSN 2244-0461 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/ajob.v1i1.103 Species Richness, Distribution, and Status of Mosses in Selected Mountains in Mindanao, Philippines LESLEY CASAS LUBOS [email protected] Liceo de Cagayan University, Research and Publication Office Cagayan de Oro City, Mindanao, Philippines Date Submitted: Sept. 14, 2009 Final Revision Complied: Nov. 9, 2009 Abstract - The paper determined the species richness, distribution, and status of mosses in selected mountains in Mindanao, Philippines. Field collections of mosses were conducted in Mt. Kalatungan, Bukidnon Province ,Mt. Matutum, South Cotabato Province , and Mt. Malambo, Davao Province at 10 meters on each side of the trails using alpha- taxonomy method. The mosses were collected, classified, and identified. Its status were also assessed. The study revealed 137 species, 87 genera and 33 families of mosses. Of the 137 species, 109 were found in Mt. Kalatungan , 59 in Mt. Matutum. and 20 in Mt. Malambo. Assessment of status of the species revealed 7 species as Philippine record, 37 new to Mindanao, 1 collected only twice, 29 widespread, 12 rare species, and all species collected were new record in terms of locality. Mt. Kalatungan had the highest species richness, followed by Mt. Matutum, and Mt. Malambo had the least number of species. Based on the findings, with the alarming rate of degradation of the mountains which is basically caused by human activities such as land clearing, slash and burn method for expanding crop plantation, urbanization, firewood consumption, over collection of moss plant materials of horticulture, landscaping 72 Species Richness, Distribution, and Status of Mosses.. -
Systematics and Ecology of the Moss Genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae)
Systematics and ecology of the moss genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae) By Benjamin Elias Carter A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Brent D. Mishler, Chair Professor Bruce G. Baldwin Professor Chelsea D. Specht Spring 2012 Abstract Systematics and ecology of the moss genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae) By Benjamin Elias Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Brent D. Mishler, Chair Scleropodium is a genus of six species in the Brachytheciaceae. Although they are common in north temperate zones, they have not received monographic treatment in over a century. The aims of this study were to test species circumscriptions within the genus with molecular data, complete a thorough global taxonomic treatment of the genus, and to quantitatively investigate the ecological preferences of the species. A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted using 104 individuals spanning the range of morphological variation and the geographic extent of the genus. Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and a statistical parsimony network analysis of ITS and the chloroplast rps4, bsbA2 and trnG regions were performed. Although slight differences were found among analyses, there were six clear molecular groups. Five of these corresponded directly to the species Scleropodium californicum, S. cespitans, S. julaceum, S. obtusifolium and S. touretii. The sixth species, S. occidentale, is new to science and is described here. It is similar in ecology and morphology to S. obtusifolium, but has several diagnostic features in both molecular markers and morphological characters. -
Hygrohypnum (Amblystegiaceae, Bryopsida) in the Iberian Peninsula
Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2007, 28 (2): 109-143 © 2007 Adac. Tous droits réservés Hygrohypnum (Amblystegiaceae, Bryopsida) in the Iberian Peninsula Gisela OLIVÁN a*, Esther FUERTES b and Margarita ACÓN c a Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain ([email protected]) b Departamento de Biología Vegetal I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain ([email protected]) c Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain ([email protected]) Abstract – The genus Hygrohypnum Lindb. is studied for the Iberian Peninsula, based mainly on herbarium specimens kept in BM, PC, S and the main Iberian herbaria. Eight species of Hygrohypnum occur in the Iberian Peninsula: Hygrohypnum cochlearifolium , H. duriusculum , H. eugyrium , H. luridum , H. molle, H. ochraceum , H. smithii and H. styria- cum . Of these, H. eugyrium and H. cochlearifolium are considered to be extinct in the Iberian Peninsula. Hygrohypnum alpestre and H. polare are definitively excluded from the Iberian bryophyte flora, since its occurrence at present or in the past could not be confirmed. Only the occurrence of Hygrohypnum ochraceum has been confirmed for Portugal. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, SEM photographs and distribution maps of the species of Hygrohypnum in the Iberian Peninsula are provided. Hygrohypnum /Amblystegiaceae / Iberian Peninsula / flora / taxonomy / distribution INTRODUCTION Taxonomic history of Hygrohypnum The generic name Hygrohypnum was introduced by Lindberg (1872) to replace the illegitimate name Limnobium used by Schimper (1853), who was the first to treat the genus as separate from the broadly conceived Hypnum Hedw. -
Symphyodontaceae, Musci
The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society forforPlant Plant Systematics iSSN1346-7565 Acta Phytotax, Geobot. 62 (1): 51-59 (201 1) Contributions to the Moss Flora ofBorneo, 1, A New Species, Dimorphocladon echinocarpum (Symphyodontaceae, Musci), with Unique Multicellular Exothecial Spines HIROYUKI AKIYAMA Miisettm qfNbture andHuman Activities, la,oigaoka-a Sanda, H),ogo Prq12]cture 669-1546, Japan. aktyama@hitohaku,1'p Dimorphocladbn echinocaipum H, Akiyama, with conspicuous multicellular spincs on the exothecium, is described as new based on two s'pecimens frem northern East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Key words: Bernco, bryophytes, Dimorphocladbn, East Kaljmantan, Kayan Mentarang Natienal Park, new species, Symphyodentaceae Northern Borneo is part of three countries; kan. Long Bawan js one ofthe main villages in- Malaysia (Sabah & SarawalO and Brunei in the side the Kayan Mentarang National Park and northwest and across the backbene range, and In- deeply involved in the WWF Heart of Borneo donesia (East Kalimantan) in the southeast. Dur- Initiative (Persoon & Osseweijer 200g), ljoined ing the 2eLh century, bryological surveys were the trips as a bryophyte specialist and coltected conducted mostly in the Malaysian and Brunei more than 500 bryophyte specimens. In the parts of Borneo, while East Kalimantan was left course of identification, an interesting moss was nearly untouched, Eastern part ofEast Kaliman- found among the collections, tan mostly consists ofa vast range oflowland be- The moss was collected at 1000 m alt. near the low 100 m and bryophyte diversity is very lew eamp site beside a small river at the fbot ofBatu because of low humidity, On the other hand, a Harum, a five-day hike through the fbrests from large number ofbryophytes are to expected in the Long Bawan. -
HYPNALES, MUSCI) BASED on CHLOROPLAST Rbcl SEQUENCE DATA 1
J. Hattori Bot. lab. No. 88: 79- 99 (Aug. 2000) PRELIMINARY PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GENUS BROTHERELLA AND ITS ALLIED GENERA (HYPNALES, MUSCI) BASED ON CHLOROPLAST rbcL SEQUENCE DATA 1 2 2 2 HIROMI TSUBOTA , NARUM! NAKA0 , TOMIO YAMAGUCHI , TAROW SEKI3 AND HlRONORI DEGUCHI2 ABSTRACT: Distinction between the Hypnaceae and the Sematophyllaceae is controversial. Taxonom ic position of the genera Brotherella, Wijkia and its allies is still fluctuating and has been repeatedly discussed. A phylogenetic study was carried out to investigate the phylogenetic position of the genera Brotherella, Wijkia and their allies, based on phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene data. Chloroplast rbcL genes from eight mosses were newly sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining (NJ), minimum-evolution (ME), maximum-parsimony (MP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods for 30 rbcL sequences. The results suggest that the genus Brotherella and its allies (Pylaisiadelpha tenuirostris, Wijkia hornschuchii and Heterophy/lium nematosum) are monophyletic with high boot strap support. Hypnum tristo-viride is also included in the Brotherella clade. The Sematophyllaceae (sensu Seki 1968) are paraphyletic to the Brotherella clade. These results support the conclusion that the Sematophyllaceae (sensu present), including Brotherella and its allies, are monophyletic. The present study also suggests that the genus Entodon should be placed in a clade sister to the Semato phyllaceae (sensu present). The results show the need to reconsider the familial circumscription of the Hypnaceae and Sematophyllaceae. KEY WORDS : Brotherella, Wijkia , Hypnum, Sematophyllaceae, Hypnaceae, rbcL, molecular phylogeny INTRODUCTION Distinction between the Hypnaceae and the Sematophyllaceae has been controversial, especially concerning the phylogenetic position of the genera Brotherella, Pylaisiadelpha, Wijkia and Heterophyllium. -
WILDLIFE in a CHANGING WORLD an Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ Edited by Jean-Christophe Vié, Craig Hilton-Taylor and Simon N. Stuart coberta.indd 1 07/07/2009 9:02:47 WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ first_pages.indd I 13/07/2009 11:27:01 first_pages.indd II 13/07/2009 11:27:07 WILDLIFE IN A CHANGING WORLD An analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ Edited by Jean-Christophe Vié, Craig Hilton-Taylor and Simon N. Stuart first_pages.indd III 13/07/2009 11:27:07 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily refl ect those of IUCN. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Red List logo: © 2008 Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Vié, J.-C., Hilton-Taylor, C. -
Bryophyte Studies in Thailand: Past, Present, and Future
Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2014, 35 (1): 5-17 © 2014 Adac. Tous droits réservés Bryophyte Studies in Thailand: Past, Present, and Future Phiangphak SUKKHARAKa * & Sahut CHANTANAORRAPINT b a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Mueang, 20131 Chonburi, Thailand b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand Abstract – The historical development of bryophyte studies in Thailand is reviewed. Two historical periods are distinguished: the first period, 1899-1977, during which collections were made and studies were carried out by foreign botanists/bryologists in the framework of expeditions and the Flora of Thailand project; and the second one, 1977 to the present day, in which bryophyte work has been done mainly by Thai bryologists. In total, two species of hornworts, 20 of liverworts, and 63 of mosses have been described as new to science based on collections from Thailand. Of these, 48 are hitherto only known from Thailand and may be considered endemic to the country. Future work should focus more on taxonomic treatments of individual genera although further area-based research is also necessary. Bryophytes / hornworts / liverworts / mosses / Thailand INTRODUCTION Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is situated in Southeast Asia between 5-21°N and 97-106°E covering a total area of 513,115 square kilometres (Santisuk, 2007). The highest mountain in Thailand is Doi Inthanon, reaching 2,565 m asl. In the framework of the Flora of Thailand project the country has been divided into seven floristic or phytogeographical areas (Northern, North-eastern, Eastern, South-western, Central, South-eastern, Peninsular) (Smitinand, 1958). -
Biological Inventories of Schoodic and Corea Peninsulas, Coastal Maine, 1996," for Transmission to the National Park Service, New England I System Support Office
FINAL REPORT I 'I Biological Inventories of Schoodic and Corea Peninsulas, Coastal Maine, 1996 I . I 'I I - ! June 30, 1999 I By: William E. Glanz, Biological Sciences Department, University of Maine and Bruce Connery, Acadia National Park, Co- Principal Investigators, With Chapters Contributed by Norman Famous, Glen Mittelhauser, Melissa Perera, Marcia Spencer-Famous, and Guthrie Zimmerman UNIVERSITY OF MAINE Department of Biological Sciences o 5751 Murray Hall o 5722 Deering Hall Orono. ME 04469-5751 Orono, ME 04469-5722 207/581-2540 207/581-2970 II FA-,{ 207/581-2537 FAX 207/581-2969 I·J 12 July 1999 Dr. Allan O'Connell Cooperative Park Studies Unit II South Annex A I I University of Maine II Orono, ME 04469 Dear Allan: Enclosed are three copies of the Final Report on "Biological Inventories of Schoodic and Corea Peninsulas, Coastal Maine, 1996," for transmission to the National Park Service, New England I System Support Office. I am delivering two additional copies to Bruce Connery, one for him as ! co-principal investigator and the other to be taken to James Miller at the US Navy base in Winter Harbor. This report is the final report for Amendment # 27 to the Cooperative Agreement between NPS and University of Maine (CA 1600-1-9016). The final version of this report incorporates most of the comments, editing, and suggestions from the reviews submitted to me. Bruce Connery revised the amphibian chapter to include all of Droege's suggestions; his recommendations for monitoring are outlined in the Discussion and Management Recommendations. Hadidian provided detailed editing suggestions, almost all of which were included in the amphibian, mammal and bird chapters.