Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of
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Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 072–097 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.7 Fossil mosses: What do they tell us about moss evolution? MicHAEL S. IGNATOV1,2 & ELENA V. MASLOVA3 1 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 3 Belgorod State University, Pobedy Square, 85, Belgorod, 308015 Russia �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-042X * author for correspondence: �[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6315 Abstract The moss fossil records from the Paleozoic age to the Eocene epoch are reviewed and their putative relationships to extant moss groups discussed. The incomplete preservation and lack of key characters that could define the position of an ancient moss in modern classification remain the problem. Carboniferous records are still impossible to refer to any of the modern moss taxa. Numerous Permian protosphagnalean mosses possess traits that are absent in any extant group and they are therefore treated here as an extinct lineage, whose descendants, if any remain, cannot be recognized among contemporary taxa. Non-protosphagnalean Permian mosses were also fairly diverse, representing morphotypes comparable with Dicranidae and acrocarpous Bryidae, although unequivocal representatives of these subclasses are known only since Cretaceous and Jurassic. Even though Sphagnales is one of two oldest lineages separated from the main trunk of moss phylogenetic tree, it appears in fossil state regularly only since Late Cretaceous, ca. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with Emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium
Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium QI-YING, CAI1, 2, BI-CAI, GUAN2, GANG, GE2, YAN-MING, FANG 1 1 College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. 2 College of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present molecular phylogenetic investigation of Thuidiaceae, especially on Thudium and Pelekium. Three chloroplast sequences (trnL-F, rps4, and atpB-rbcL) and one nuclear sequence (ITS) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination by employing MP (maximum parsimony) and Bayesian methods. The influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by two methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). Based on the results, ITS 1& 2 had crucial effect in phylogenetic reconstruction in this study, and more chloroplast sequences should be combinated into the analyses since their stability for reconstructing within genus of pleurocarpous mosses. We supported that Helodiaceae including Actinothuidium, Bryochenea, and Helodium still attributed to Thuidiaceae, and the monophyletic Thuidiaceae s. lat. should also include several genera (or species) from Leskeaceae such as Haplocladium and Leskea. In the Thuidiaceae, Thuidium and Pelekium were resolved as two monophyletic groups separately. The results from molecular phylogeny were supported by the crucial morphological characters in Thuidiaceae s. lat., Thuidium and Pelekium. Key words: Thuidiaceae, Thuidium, Pelekium, molecular phylogeny, cpDNA, ITS, PABA approach Introduction Pleurocarpous mosses consist of around 5000 species that are defined by the presence of lateral perichaetia along the gametophyte stems. Monophyletic pleurocarpous mosses were resolved as three orders: Ptychomniales, Hypnales, and Hookeriales (Shaw et al. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
Volume 1, Chapter 2-7: Bryophyta
Glime, J. M. 2017. Bryophyta – Bryopsida. Chapt. 2-7. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook 2-7-1 sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 10 January 2019 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 2-7 BRYOPHYTA – BRYOPSIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Bryopsida Definition........................................................................................................................................... 2-7-2 Chromosome Numbers........................................................................................................................................ 2-7-3 Spore Production and Protonemata ..................................................................................................................... 2-7-3 Gametophyte Buds.............................................................................................................................................. 2-7-4 Gametophores ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-7-4 Location of Sex Organs....................................................................................................................................... 2-7-6 Sperm Dispersal .................................................................................................................................................. 2-7-7 Release of Sperm from the Antheridium..................................................................................................... -
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying -
Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts)
Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster Systematics and Characteristics of Nonvascular Land Plants (Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts) Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster Anacrogynous. Lvs in three rows (2 lateral, succubous, 1 dorsal lobule). Oil bodies scattered. Mucilage on ventral surface Central strand parenchymatous, with glomerophycotean fungus Di- or monoicous. Single S per gynoecium. Gemmae in axils of dorsal lobules Treubiales Treubiaceae Subterranean axis. Lvs mostly isophyllous. Rhizoids – Tracheophyte shoot calyptra + Central strand +, cells thin-walled, perforated Phylogeny Di- or monoicous. Gametangia lateral, bracts –. Seta +, massive Blepharoplast: lamellar strip and spline < 90 microtubules, aperture on left side. Several S/gynoecium Poster CAP 4-valved; walls unistratose. Elaterophore basal. Elaters filamentous. Asex. repro. – Haplomitriales Haplomitriaceae Thalli winged ("leafy"), 2 ventral scale rows. Air chambers –, gametangiophores – Ventral "auricles" with Nostoc. Dioicous. AN dorsal, solitary. AR dorsal, behind apex Angiosperm Blepharoplast: marchantialean. CAP 4(-6)-valved Elaters 2-helical. Elaterophore basal, rudimentary Phylogeny Gemmae receptacles flasked-shaped (unique in liverworts) Blasiales Blasiaceae Poster Air chambers +, chlorophyllose filaments – Rhizoids smooth Ventral scales +, appendages – MARCHANTIIDAE Archegoniophores branched Gemmae Neohodgsoniales Neohodgsoniaceae Liverworts Thalli rosettes or stems; axes: winged or lobes leaf-like Air chambers –, mucilage cells –, pores – AR and S in pear-shaped involucres (dorsal -
Ephemerum Homomallum
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae Article ID: 8938 DOI: 10.5586/asbp.8938 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER in RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS Publication History Received: 2020-07-15 Accepted: 2020-08-09 Ephemerum homomallum (Pottiaceae) and Published: 2020-11-24 Torrentaria aquatica (Brachytheciaceae), Handling Editor Beata Zagórska-Marek; University Two Additional American Moss Species of Wrocław, Poland; https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 6385-858X New to Africa , Authors Contributions 1* 2,3 4† Ryszard Ochyra , Jacques Van Rooy , Virginia S. Bryan JVR and RO conceived and 1Department of Bryology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz performed the taxonomic 46, Kraków, 31-512, Poland research and wrote the 2National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, manuscript; VSB determined the 0001, South Africa specimens of Ephemerum 3School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, homomallum and provided Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa taxonomic comments on the 4Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, 27708-0338, NC, United States species *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Funding †Deceased. This work was fnanced through the statutory fund of the W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Abstract Academy of Sciences, and by the South African National Two American species of moss, Ephemerum homomallum Müll. Hal. (Pottiaceae) Biodiversity Institute. and Torrentaria aquatica (A. Jaeger) Ochyra (Brachytheciaceae), are reported as new to Africa, based on collections from the Limpopo and Eastern Cape Competing Interests provinces of South Africa, respectively. Tese discoveries changed the No competing interests have phytogeographical status of both species, which now belong to the Afro-American been declared. -
An Enigmatic Case in the Genus Podperaea (Hypnales
Arctoa (2011) 20: 107-118 INTRAFAMILIAL HYBRIDIZATION IN MOSSES? AN ENIGMATIC CASE IN THE GENUS PODPERAEA (HYPNALES, BRYOPHYTA) ГИБРИДИЗАЦИЯ МЕЖДУ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЯМИ РАЗНЫХ СЕМЕЙСТВ У МХОВ? ЗАГАДОЧНЫЙ СЛУЧАЙ В РОДЕ PODPERAEA (HYPNALES, BRYOPHYTA) MICHAEL S. IGNATOV1 & IRINA A. MILYUTINA2 МИХАИЛ С. ИГНАТОВ1, ИРИНА А.МИЛЮТИНА2 Abstract A new species from China, Podperaea baii, is described. In addition to morpho- logical differences from the second species of the genus, P. krylovii (Amlystegiaceae s.l.), P. baii differs in the nrITS1 sequence, which is very similar to that of the genus Herzogiella from the phylogenetically distant family Plagiotheciaceae. At the same time, nrITS2 in P. baii is much more similar to Amblystegiaceae than Plagiothe- ciaceae. This case is the first report of the putative remote hybridization in mosses. Резюме Из Китая описан новый вид, Podperaea baii, который, помимо небольших морфологических отличий от второго вида рода, P. krylovii (семейство Amlyste- giaceae s.l.), отличается еще последовательностью ITS1, которая соответствует роду Herzogiella из филогетически далекого семейства Plagiotheciaceae. При этом последовательность ITS2 у P. baii значительно более сходна с Amblystegia- ceae, нежели с Plagiotheciaceae. Данный случай является первым примером возможной отдаленной гибридазации у мхов. KEYWORDS: Bryophytes, pleurocarpous mosses, Plagiotheciaceae, Amblyste- giaceae, Podperaea, new species, China, remote hybridization, nrITS INTRODUCTION ‘compound’ teeth. This genus in its traditional The genus Podperaea was established by circumscription included species that are now Iwatsuki & Glime (1984) for one species, origi- treated in many genera: Campylium s. str., Cam- nally described as Campylium krylovii Podp. The pylophyllum, Campyliadelphus, Campylidium, strongly prorate cells and specific ‘compound’ and in addition some species were transferred teeth along leaf margin formed by upper end of to Amblystegium, Drepanocladus and Pseudo- lower cell and lower end of next upper cell, were campylium (cf. -
Systematics and Ecology of the Moss Genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae)
Systematics and ecology of the moss genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae) By Benjamin Elias Carter A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Brent D. Mishler, Chair Professor Bruce G. Baldwin Professor Chelsea D. Specht Spring 2012 Abstract Systematics and ecology of the moss genus Scleropodium (Brachytheciaceae) By Benjamin Elias Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Brent D. Mishler, Chair Scleropodium is a genus of six species in the Brachytheciaceae. Although they are common in north temperate zones, they have not received monographic treatment in over a century. The aims of this study were to test species circumscriptions within the genus with molecular data, complete a thorough global taxonomic treatment of the genus, and to quantitatively investigate the ecological preferences of the species. A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted using 104 individuals spanning the range of morphological variation and the geographic extent of the genus. Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and a statistical parsimony network analysis of ITS and the chloroplast rps4, bsbA2 and trnG regions were performed. Although slight differences were found among analyses, there were six clear molecular groups. Five of these corresponded directly to the species Scleropodium californicum, S. cespitans, S. julaceum, S. obtusifolium and S. touretii. The sixth species, S. occidentale, is new to science and is described here. It is similar in ecology and morphology to S. obtusifolium, but has several diagnostic features in both molecular markers and morphological characters. -
Liverworts, Mosses and Hornworts of Afghanistan - Our Present Knowledge
ISSN 2336-3193 Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 68: 11-24, 2019 DOI: 10.2478/cszma-2019-0002 Published: online 1 July 2019, print July 2019 Liverworts, mosses and hornworts of Afghanistan - our present knowledge Harald Kürschner & Wolfgang Frey Liverworts, mosses and hornworts of Afghanistan ‒ our present knowledge. – Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 68: 11-24, 2019. Abstract: A new bryophyte checklist for Afghanistan is presented, including all published records since the beginning of collection activities in 1839 ‒1840 by W. Griffith till present. Considering several unidentified collections in various herbaria, 23 new records for Afghanistan together with the collection data can be added to the flora. Beside a new genus, Asterella , the new records include Amblystegium serpens var. serpens, Brachythecium erythrorrhizon, Bryum dichotomum, B. elwendicum, B. pallens, B. weigelii, Dichodontium palustre, Didymodon luridus, D. tectorum, Distichium inclinatum, Entosthodon muhlenbergii, Hygroamblystegium fluviatile subsp. fluviatile, Oncophorus virens, Orthotrichum rupestre var. sturmii, Pogonatum urnigerum, Pseudocrossidium revolutum, Pterygoneurum ovatum, Schistidium rivulare, Syntrichia handelii, Tortella inflexa, T. tortuosa, and Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia . Therewith the number of species increase to 24 liverworts, 246 mosses and one hornwort. In addition, a historical overview of the country's exploration and a full biogeography of Afghan bryophytes is given. Key words: Bryophytes, checklist, flora, phytodiversity. Introduction Recording, documentation, identification and classification of organisms is a primary tool and essential step in plant sciences and ecology to obtain detailed knowledge on the flora of a country. In many countries, such as Afghanistan, however, our knowledge on plant diversity, function, interactions of species and number of species in ecosystems is very limited and far from being complete. -
Endemic Genera of Bryophytes of North America (North of Mexico)
Preslia, Praha, 76: 255–277, 2004 255 Endemic genera of bryophytes of North America (north of Mexico) Endemické rody mechorostů Severní Ameriky Wilfred Borden S c h o f i e l d Dedicated to the memory of Emil Hadač Department of Botany, University Boulevard 3529-6270, Vancouver B. C., Canada V6T 1Z4, e-mail: [email protected] Schofield W. B. (2004): Endemic genera of bryophytes of North America (north of Mexico). – Preslia, Praha, 76: 255–277. There are 20 endemic genera of mosses and three of liverworts in North America, north of Mexico. All are monotypic except Thelia, with three species. General ecology, reproduction, distribution and nomenclature are discussed for each genus. Distribution maps are provided. The Mexican as well as Neotropical genera of bryophytes are also noted without detailed discussion. K e y w o r d s : bryophytes, distribution, ecology, endemic, liverworts, mosses, reproduction, North America Introduction Endemism in bryophyte genera of North America (north of Mexico) appears not to have been discussed in detail previously. Only the mention of genera is included in Schofield (1980) with no detail presented. Distribution maps of several genera have appeared in scattered publications. The present paper provides distribution maps of all endemic bryophyte genera for the region and considers the biology and taxonomy of each. When compared to vascular plants, endemism in bryophyte genera in the region is low. There are 20 genera of mosses and three of liverworts. The moss families Andreaeobryaceae, Pseudoditrichaceae and Theliaceae and the liverwort family Gyrothyraceae are endemics; all are monotypic. A total of 16 families of mosses and three of liverworts that possess endemic genera are represented.