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Wijkia Tanytricha (Mont.) Crum (Musci, Sematophyllaceae), a New Record to the Moss Flora of Taiwan

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Wijkia Tanytricha (Mont.) Crum (Musci, Sematophyllaceae), a New Record to the Moss Flora of Taiwan ChiangBot. Bull. Acad.Wijkia Sin. tanytricha (1996) in37: Taiwan 147-150 147 Wijkia tanytricha (Mont.) Crum (Musci, Sematophyllaceae), a new record to the moss flora of Taiwan Tzen-Yuh Chiang Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China (Received October 11, 1995; Accepted December 14, 1995) Abstract. Wijkia tanytricha (Mont.) Crum is a new record to the moss flora of Taiwan. The species is distinguished from W. deflexifolium (Ren. & Card.) Crum, the other species of Wijkia in Taiwan, and characterized by having broadly ovate leaves with a long, filiform acumen and enlarged alar cells. Wijkia tanytricha, distributed in south- east Asia, is related to W. carlottae, a Canadian species, in sharing foliose pseudoparaphyllia and leaf shape. No qualitative characteristics can distinguish these two taxa, although the plants, leaves, and leaf cells of Wijkia tanytricha are larger than those of W. carlottae. I suppose that W. carlottae may be conspecific with W. tanytricha. Keywords: New record; Taiwan; Wijkia; Wijkia tanytricha; Wijkia carlottae. Introduction Plants medium to robust; yellow-green, shiny. Stems creeping, irregularly bipinnately branched; Wijkia Crum, a moss genus of the Sematophyllaceae, pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Stem- and branch-leaves differ- is distributed mainly in the Old World (25 species) and entiated; stem leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex the Americas (one species in North America and three abruptly tapering; branch leaves lanceolate to ovate- species in South America) (Buck, 1986). Wijkia is distin- lanceolate, gradually acuminate; costa double or absent; guished from other genera of the Sematophyllaceae and cells linear; alar cells inflated, colored. Dioicous. Setae characterized by having unevenly thickened exothecial long, smooth; capsules horizontal, cylindrical, cells (vs. collenchymatous cells in other genera of asymmetric, exothecial cells unevenly thickened; opercu- Sematophyllaceae) with thick vertical walls and thin trans- lum rostrate; peristomes double, exostome teeth cross- verse ones (Buck, 1986) and differentiated stem- and striolate below, papillose above, endostomes with a high branch-leaves. Three sections were classified (Buck, basal membrane, segments keeled, cilia 2. 1986): sect. Wijkia based on type W. extenuata (Brid.) Crum; sect. Andoa based on type W. tanytricha (Mont.) Key to Species of Wijkia Crum in Taiwan Crum; and the African sect. Acanthocladiopsis, based on type W. trichocoleoides (C. Muell.) Crum. Two species 1. Leaf ovate-lanceolate with tips deflexed ...................... were previously known as Acanthocladium sensu Broth. ............................................................... W. deflexifolia (Natürl. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 11: 412. 1925, non 1. Leaf broadly ovate with straight, abruptly narrowing Acanthocladium Mitt., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 7: tips................................................................................. 102. 1882; an illegitimate homonym of flowering plant W. tanytricha genus replaced by Wijkia, cf. Crum, 1971) from Taiwan, i.e. A. deflexifolium (Mitt.) Ren. & Card. and A. semitortipilum (C. Muell.) Fleisch. (cf. Kuo and Chiang, 1. Wijkia tanytricha (Mont.) Crum, The Bryologist 74: 1987). Gangulee (1980) excluded Hypnum semitortipilum 174. 1971. Figure 1 C. Muell. nom. nud. (the latter species). In my survey of Illustrations: Gangulee (1980) f. 946; Brotherus (1925) bryoflora of Mt. Yushan (Chiang, 1989), the highest f. 721. mountain in Taiwan, Wijkia tanytricha (Mont.) Crum, a Stem-leaves ovate with an abruptly tapering, long acu- new record, is found. men; cells linear, smooth; alar cells enlarged and inflated, 2 to 3 rows; branch-leaves oblong with a long acumen. Taxonomy of Wijkia in Taiwan Pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Wijkia is distinguished from its relative, Brotherella, Specimen examined. TAIWAN. CHIAYI HSIEN: up- by having unevenly thickened exothecial cells, thin-walled per Tung-Pu, in Tsuga forest, on fallen log, 2,500 m alt., alar cells, and a contracted leaf-base. Two species of Wijkia 17 Jul 1987, T. Y. Chiang 20370 (MO). are distributed in Taiwan. Additional specimen examined. NEW GUINEA. 18 Wijkia Crum, The Bryologist 74: 172. 1971. Jun 1968, W. A. Weber & D. McVean 34877 (MO). bot372-09.P65 147 2001/4/17, AM 11:51 148 Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Vol. 37, 1996 Figure 1. Wijkia tanytricha (Mont.) Crum. AB, Stem-leaves (×70); C, Apical cells of stem-leaf (×330); D, Laminal cells of stem- leaf (×330); F, Marginal cells of stem-leaf (×330); G, Basal cells of stem-leaf (×330); H, Alar cells of stem-leaf (×330); IJ, Branch leaves (×70); KL, Pseudoparaphyllia (×330); M, Perichaetial leaf (×70); N, Archegonia (× 330). Drawn from Chiang 20370. bot372-09.P65 148 2001/4/17, AM 11:51 Chiang Wijkia tanytricha in Taiwan 149 lations of the latter species. Nevertheless, more evidence on sexual structure and sporophytes of W. carlottae is needed before a conclusion can be made. Wijkia tanytricha is also similar to W. surcularis (Mitt.) Crum of sect. Andoa in southeast Asia (Gangulee, 1980: f. 947) in having abruptly tapering leaf-acumens. Nevertheless, the former species owns larger plants, broader leaves with longer and filiform tips and cylindri- cal capsules (vs. ovate ones) compared to W. surcularis. 2. Wijkia deflexifolia (Ren. & Card.) Crum, The Bryologist 74: 171. 1971. Illustration: Gangulee (1980): f. 945. Leaves ovate-lanceolate with deflexed tips, ecostate; cells linear, smooth; alar cells enlarged, in one row. Specimen examined. TAIWAN. CHIAYI HSIEN: Pai- yuen-shan-chuang, on rock in Abies forest, 3,200 m alt., Jul 1987, T. Y. Chiang s.n. (TAI). Distribution. Taiwan, India. Figure 2. Wijkia carlottae (Schof.) Crum. AB & EG, Stem- Notes. Wijkia deflexifolia, belonging to sect. Wijkia, leaves (×70); CD & HI, Branch leaves (×70); AD, Drawn was recorded in Taiwan by Sasaoka (1928) and Sakurai from B. Schofield & F. M. Boas 18733 (isotype); EI, Drawn (1932). This species is characterized and distinguished from W. B. Schofield 31489. from W. tanytricha by having deflexed tips and one-rowed alar cells. Habitat. Growing on wet rocks or tree trunks, elev. 1, Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the curators of MO and 8004,000 m. TAI for access to the cited specimens. I am indebted to the Distribution. Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, Java, India , New reviewers, Drs. Zennoske Iwatsuki, S. H. Lin, Ching-I Peng, and Benito Tan, for their valuable comments. Guinea. Specimens of related species examined: Wijkia carlottae: CANADA, Queen Charlotte Islands Literature Cited of British Columbia, 23 Jul 1966, W. B. Schofield & F. M. Boas 18733 (isotype, MO), W. B. Schofield 31489 Brotherus, V. F. 1925. Musci in Engler & Prantl, Die (MO). Natuerlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Bd. 11, Leipzig. Buck, W. R. 1986. Wijkia (Sematophyllaceae) in the New World. Wijkia surcularis: THAILAND, 21 Dec 1985, Touw Hikobia 9: 297303. 10288 (MO). Chiang, T. Y. 1989. The Study on the Bryophytic Life-Forms Notes. Wijkia tanytricha is related to W. carlottae of Mt. Yushan. Master Thesis, Graduate Institute of Botany, (Schof.) Crum (Figure 2), a species found in Queen Char- National Taiwan University, Taipei. lotte Islands of British Columbia (Schofield, 1966), in Crum, H. 1971. Nomenclatural changes in the Musci. The sharing ovate stem-leaves with a long acumen and foli- Bryologist 74: 165174. ose pseudoparaphyllia (Buck, 1986). Although plants, Kuo, C. M. and T. Y. Chiang. 1987. Index of Taiwan mosses. leaves, leaf cells, and alar cells of Wijkia tanytricha are Taiwania 32: 119207. larger than those of W. carlottae, no other qualitative char- Gangulee, H. C. 1980. Mosses of Eastern India and Adjacent acteristics can distinguish these two species. I suppose that Regions. Vol. III, Fasc. 8, Hypnabryales. Calcutta. plants of W. carlottae are conspecific with W. tanytricha Sakurai, K. 1932. Beobachtungen ueber Japanische Moosflora (cf. Schofield, 1966) and represent the northernmost popu- (I). Bot. Mag. Tokyo 46: 375384. Sasaoka, H. 1928. A list of Taiwan mosses IV. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 18: 414423. Schofield, W. B. 1966. Acanthocladium (Sect. Tanythrix) in North America. The Bryologist 69: 334338. bot372-09.P65 149 2001/4/17, AM 11:51 150 Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Vol. 37, 1996 bot372-09.P65 150 2001/4/17, AM 11:51.
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