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Digitale Archive Und Bibliotheken Digitale Archive und Bibliotheken Herausgegeben von Hartmut Weber und Gerald Maier Digitale Archive und Bibliotheken Digitale Archive · Weber/Maier A ISBN 3-17-016062-1 15 Kohlhammer Weber/Maier, Digitale Archive und Bibliotheken WERKHEFTE DER STAATLICHEN ARCHIVVERWALTUNG BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG Herausgegeben von der Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg Serie A Landesarchivdirektion Heft 15 2000 Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Digitale Archive und Bibliotheken Neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten und Nutzungsqualitäten Herausgegeben von Hartmut Weber und Gerald Maier 2000 Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Digitale Archive und Bibliotheken : neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten und Nutzungs- qualitäten / hrsg. von Hartmut Weber und Gerald Maier. - Stuttgart ; Berlin ; Köln : Kohlhammer, 2000 (Werkhefte der Staatlichen Archivverwaltung Baden-Württemberg : Serie A, Landesarchivdirektion ; H. 15) ISBN 3-17-016062-1 Diese Publikation ist auf alterungsbeständigem, säurefreiem Papier gedruckt. Alle Rechte vorbehalten © 2000 by Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart Kommissionsverlag: W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart Gesamtherstellung: Verlagsdruckerei Schmidt GmbH, Neustadt an der Aisch Printed in Germany Inhalt Vorwort . 9 Hartmut Weber und Gerald Maier Einleitung . 11 Fachkonzepte für digitale Archive und Bibliotheken . 19 Sönke Lorenz Anforderungen der historischen Forschung an einen digitalen Arbeits- platz . 21 Angelika Menne-Haritz Digitaler Lesesaal, virtuelle Magazine und Online-Findbücher. Auswir- kungen der Digitalisierung auf die archivischen Fachaufgaben . 25 Carol Mandel The Transition to Integration. Incorporating the Digital Library into the University Research Library . 35 Hermann Leskien Der Einfluß digitaler Medien auf die bibliothekarischen Tätigkeiten . 51 Strategien und Kooperation bei der Digitalisierung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksgut . 65 Jürgen Bunzel Die Verteilte Digitale Forschungsbibliothek als Infrastrukturförderung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft . 67 Deanna B. Marcum Council on Library and Information Resources. Vision and Future . 83 John Haeger Better Access to Primary Sources 1983–1998 . 91 Elmar Mittler Collaboratories – auf dem Weg zu neuen Formen der technisch unter- stützten Kooperation . 95 6 Inhalt Organisation und Technik der Digitalisierung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksgut . 101 Marianne Dörr Planung und Durchführung von Digitalisierungsprojekten . 103 Peter Exner Verfilmung und Digitalisierung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksgut . 113 Gerald Maier Qualität, Bearbeitung und Präsentation digitaler Bilder . 129 Gerald Maier Colormanagement bei der Farbdigitalisierung von Archivgut. Grundla- gen, Hintergründe und Ausblick . 179 Thomas Fricke und Gerald Maier Automatische Texterkennung bei digitalisiertem Archiv- und Biblio- theksgut . 201 Gerald Maier und Peter Exner Wirtschaftlichkeitsüberlegungen für die Digitalisierung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksgut . 223 Bereitstellung und Nutzung von digitalisiertem Archiv- und Biblio- theksgut . 231 Karsten Uhde Kontextbezogene Online-Präsentationen von Archivgut . 233 Thomas Fricke Didaktische Internet-Präsentationen von Archivgut . 247 Hans-Heinrich Ebeling Das Digitale Archiv. Ein Projekt am Stadtarchiv Duderstadt . 261 Norbert Lossau Das digitalisierte Buch im Internet. Möglichkeiten der Präsentation und Navigation . 269 August Wegmann Elektronische Bücher im Internet. Modell und standardisiertes Werk- zeug zur Präsentation sequentiell abfolgender Seiten . 287 Inhalt 7 Thomas Fricke Internet-Präsentationsmodell für Zeitungen und Großformate . 297 Digitalisierung im Spannungsfeld von Erhaltung und Zugänglich- keit . 301 Hans Rütimann Bestandserhaltung in einer digitalen Welt . 303 Gerhard Banik Risiken bei der Verfilmung und Digitalisierung von Archiv- und Biblio- theksgut aus konservatorischer Sicht . 311 Hartmut Weber Langzeitspeicherung und Langzeitverfügbarkeit digitaler Konversions- formen . 325 Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren . 343 Vorwort Das Authentische, heißt es bei Adorno, sei ohne Schwellenangst nicht zu haben. Diese Erfahrung haben die Archive immer wieder gemacht. Die Zurückhaltung, den Lesesaal eines Archivs zu betreten und in die authenti- schen Quellen Einsicht zu nehmen, hat sicher etwas mit diesem Phänomen zu tun. Das heißt für die Archive, ihre Aufgaben und Dienstleistungen transpa- rent zu machen und an die Quellen heranzuführen, die sich in den meisten Fällen naturgemäß nicht von selbst erschließen. Die digitalen Techniken bie- ten hierbei vollkommen neue Möglichkeiten. Im geschützten Bereich am hei- mischen Bildschirm und mit der erforderlichen Zeit und Muße kann dies sicher mit weniger Streß vor sich gehen als im Lesesaal. Die Online-Präsen- tation von archivalischen Quellen im Kontext ist daher geeignet, neue Nut- zerkreise für die Dienstleistungen der Archive zu interessieren und zugleich den Bildungsauftrag der Staatsarchive zu erfüllen. Seit mehr als drei Jahren nutzt die staatliche Archivverwaltung das Internet, um in einem ständig wachsenden Angebot die Öffentlichkeit über die Dienst- leistungen der Staatsarchive zu informieren. Nicht erst seit diesem Zeitraum beschäftigen sich die Staatsarchive und die Landesarchivdirektion mit den Folgen der Digitalisierung, sowohl im Bereich der Überlieferungsbildung als auch im Bereich der Erhaltung. So war es konsequent, aufbauend auf der Schwerpunktaufgabe Bestandserhaltung, welche die staatliche Archivverwal- tung schon mehr als zehn Jahre erfolgreich wahrnimmt, die Digitalisierung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Erhaltung und Nutzung, zwischen preservation and access in bisher zwei von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projekten an der konservatorischen und archivfachlichen Meßlatte zu messen. Diesem Projekt verdanken wir wichtige Erkenntnisse, die in diesem Band dar- gestellt werden. Der Arbeit an diesem Projekt verdanken wir aber auch ein vielfältigeres und vor allem attraktiveres Online-Angebot. Die Präsentations- modelle im Internet, die im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts erarbeitet wurden, er- möglichen selbst Laien, sich mit Hilfe der didaktischen Elemente mit Archiv- gut auseinanderzusetzen. Online-Bereitstellungen von Archiv- oder Bibliotheksgut sprengen nicht nur die Mauern von Lesesälen. Eine grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit erzeugt fachliche wie wirtschaftliche Synergien. Ich freue mich daher ganz be- sonders, daß im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts ein vielbeachtetes internationales Kolloquium in Ludwigsburg stattfand und daß dabei Archivare mit Biblio- thekaren in eine intensive Fachdiskussion eintraten. Im vorliegenden Band sind die Beiträge dieses Kolloquiums mit den Er- gebnissen des Untersuchungsprojekts vereint. Der Band vermittelt damit zu- gleich technisches und organisatorisches Wissen, gibt Erfahrungen weiter, läßt 10 Vorwort strategische Ansätze erkennen und enthält Anregungen zur internationalen Kooperation. Den Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Bandes möchte ich ebenso herzlich danken wie den beiden Herausgebern Herrn Professor Dr. Hartmut Weber und Herrn Dr. Gerald Maier. Frau Eva Roll M. A. danke ich für Lektoratsar- beiten und Frau Luise Pfeifle für die Betreuung der Drucklegung. Mein be- sonderer Dank gilt aber auch den Förderern und Sponsoren für die finanzielle Unterstützung der internationalen Veranstaltung und des Drucks dieses Ban- des, namentlich der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und den Firmen Classen-Convertronics GmbH (Essen), Herrmann & Kraemer GmbH & Co. KG (Garmisch-Partenkirchen), Heydt-Verlags-GmbH (Rottenburg am Neckar), SRZ Satz-Rechenzentrum GmbH & Co. KG (Berlin), ZfB Zentrum für Bucherhaltung GmbH (Leipzig), Zeutschel GmbH (Tübingen) und dem Staatsarchiv Zürich. Dem vorliegenden Band wünsche ich eine gute Auf- nahme und hoffe, daß er dazu beitragen kann, die neuen Techniken effektiv und nutzerorientiert einzusetzen, ohne die Bestandserhaltungsaspekte zu ver- nachlässigen. Stuttgart, im Mai 2000 Professor Dr. Wilfried Schöntag Präsident der Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg Einleitung Von HARTMUT WEBER und GERALD MAIER Nach der Erfindung des Buchdrucks mit beweglichen Lettern, die Victor Hugo als das bedeutendste Ereignis der Weltgeschichte bewertete, gibt es gute Gründe, in der Erfindung der Photographie, in der Entwicklung der Compu- tertechnik und nicht zuletzt in der Digitalisierung weitere tiefgreifende Ein- schnitte zu erblicken. Auf das Archivwesen haben sich insbesondere die Mög- lichkeiten der Photographie und die der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung nachdrücklich ausgewirkt und von der Digitalisierung erwarten nicht Wenige revolutionäre Veränderungen. Zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts feierte man den Einzug der Photographie in die Geisteswissenschaften. Mit photographischen Verfahren war die einge- schränkte Zugänglichkeit zur unikalen archivalischen Überlieferung, aber auch zu den Handschriften der Bibliotheken, durch die neuen Möglichkeiten, photographische Abbildungen anzufertigen und zu verbreiten, überwunden. In der Tendenz löste das Bestellen von Kopien, Mikrofilmen oder von Repro- duktionen zunehmend das Exzerpieren im Lesesaal ab. Die Zahl der Nutzer stieg an, ihre Verweildauer aber ging zurück. In gleichem Maße stieg der Be- darf an Mikrofilmen oder Kopien an, die heute als selbstverständliche Dienst- leistungen der Archive anzusehen sind oder zumindest sein sollten. Die neuen Möglichkeiten der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung wurden vereinzelt seit den 70er Jahren, vermehrt aber seit den 80er Jahren insbeson- dere für die Rationalisierung und Qualitätsverbesserung der archivischen
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