Brechfa Forest Connection Environmental Statement

Western Power Distribution Brechfa Forest Connection Environmental Statement

Appendix 10.4

EPS Licence Application – Dormice Method Statement

OCTOBER 2014

RSK GENERAL NOTES

Project No.: 855587

Title: Brechfa Forest Connection - Dormouse EPS Licence Application – Method Statement

Client: Western Power Distribution

Date: October 2014

Office: Hemel Hemstead

Status: Draft

Technical Author Rosy Benbow reviewer Simon Boulter

Signature Signature Date: 15/10/14 Date: 15/10/14

Quality reviewer Project manager Victoria Gilbey [optional]

Signature Signature Date: 23/10/14 Date:

RSK Environment Ltd (RSK) has prepared this report for the sole use of the client, showing reasonable skill and care, for the intended purposes as stated in the agreement under which this work was completed. The report may not be relied upon by any other party without the express agreement of the client and RSK. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this report. Where any data supplied by the client or from other sources have been used, it has been assumed that the information is correct. No responsibility can be accepted by RSK for inaccuracies in the data supplied by any other party. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on the assumption that all relevant information has been supplied by those bodies from whom it was requested. No part of this report may be copied or duplicated without the express permission of RSK and the party for whom it was prepared. Where field investigations have been carried out, these have been restricted to a level of detail required to achieve the stated objectives of the work. This work has been undertaken in accordance with the quality management system of RSK Environment Ltd.

Western Power Distribution Brechfa Forest Connection – EPS Licence Application – Dormouse Method Statement 855587

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Western Power Distribution wishes to develop a new grid connection between Brechfa West wind farm to an existing overhead tower line near Llandyfaelog, approximately 10 km south of Carmarthen. This will connect the Brechfa Forest West wind farm to the distribution network.

This report has been produced as part of an application for a licence to undertake works that will affect Dormice. The works include the clearance of woodland and associated scrub at various locations along the length of the Proposed Development, and the ongoing maintenance of the overhead line (including vegetation management on a five year rotation).

A nest-tube survey was undertaken by RSK between April and October 2014. Survey equipment, comprising 571 nest-tubes, was placed in 13 areas of suitable Dormouse habitat along the proposed route. Dormice were recorded at one of these locations (Site 1). The survey methods and results for the surveys along the Proposed Development are described.

This report assesses the impacts of the Proposed Development and outlines a strategy to minimise or eliminate the impacts. No works likely to affect Dormice will be carried out until a European Protected Species licence has been obtained. On receipt of the licence, a mitigation strategy will be applied as outlined in this method statement.

Western Power Distribution i Brechfa Forest Connection – EPS Licence Application – Dormice Method Statement 855587

CONTENTS

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I B. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 B.1 Background to activity/development ...... 1 B.2 Full details of proposed works on site that are to be covered by the licence ...... 1 B.3 Actions requiring licensing ...... 1 C. SURVEY AND SITE ASSESSMENT ...... 2 C.1 Existing information on the dormice at the survey site ...... 2 C.2 Statutory sites notified for the species (SSSIs) within 10km ...... 2 C.3 Objectives of any specific survey ...... 2 C.4 Scaled plan/map of survey area ...... 3 C.5 Site/habitat description ...... 6 C.6 Field survey(s) ...... 7 C.6.1 Survey methods ...... 7 C.6.2 Weather ...... 8 C.6.3 Timing ...... 8 C.6.4 Constraints ...... 9 C.7 Survey results ...... 9 C.8 Interpretation/evaluation of survey results ...... 9 D. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 10 D.1 Short-term impacts: disturbance ...... 10 D.2 Long-term impacts: habitat modification ...... 10 D.3 Long term impacts: habitat loss ...... 10 D.4 Long term impacts: fragmentation and isolation ...... 10 D.5 Post-development impacts ...... 10 D.6 Predicted scale of impact ...... 11 E. MITIGATION, COMPENSATION AND MONITORING ...... 12 E.1 Site clearance methods ...... 12 E.2 Dormice habitat ...... 12 E.2.1 In-situ retention of habitat ...... 12 E.2.2 Modification of existing habitat ...... 12 E.2.3 New habitat creation ...... 12 E.2.4 Habitat losses and gain summary table ...... 12 E.3 Mechanisms for ensuring delivery of mitigation and compensation measures ...... 13 E.4 Mitigation contingencies ...... 13 E.5 Bio-security risk assessment ...... 13 F. POST-DEVELOPMENT SITE SAFEGUARD ...... 14 F.1 Habitat / site management and maintenance ...... 14 F.2 Population monitoring and habitat monitoring ...... 14 F.3 Post-development mitigation contingencies ...... 14 G. TIMETABLE OF WORKS ...... 15 H. LAND OWNERSHIP ...... 16 H.1 Mitigation site/compensation site ownership ...... 16 H.2 Mitigation site/compensation ownership post construction ...... 16

Western Power Distribution ii Brechfa Forest Connection – EPS Licence Application – Dormice Method Statement 855587

I. REFERENCES ...... 17

TABLES C-1 Dormouse tube survey area locations ...... 6 C-2 Dormouse survey site scores ...... 7 C-3 Survey timings ...... 8 C-4 Positive Dormouse Results ...... 9 E-1 Habitat loss and gains summary table ...... 13

FIGURES Figure 1 Location Plan ...... 3 Figure 2 Dormouse Records ...... 4 Figure 3 Dormouse Survey Results ...... 5

Western Power Distribution iii Brechfa Forest Connection – EPS Licence Application – Dormice Method Statement 855587

B. INTRODUCTION

B.1 Background to activity/development

The proposed Brechfa Forest Connection Project will involve the construction of a 132 kV power line from Brechfa Forest West wind farm to a suitable grid connection point near Llandyfaelog, south of Carmarthen. The scheme is required to distribute electricity generated from Brechfa Forest West to Swansea and Carmarthen areas. The majority of the route will be an overhead line on wooden poles. Cables will be installed underground in one section along the route (shown on Figure 1).

B.2 Full details of proposed works on site that are to be covered by the licence

A development consent order (DCO) from the Secretary of State is being sought by Western Power Distribution for the Brechfa Forest Connection scheme. Dormice presence has been confirmed in one area of woodland crossed by the overhead lines. Vegetation clearance is required to construct the overhead line and to maintain sufficient clearances from electrical equipment to adjacent vegetation throughout the lifetime of the connection. Construction is due to commence late 2016 and will take approximately 9 months to complete. Vegetation management will be undertaken on a five yearly cycle once construction is complete.

B.3 Actions requiring licensing

Impacts associated with a development such as this comprise habitat loss, potential severance of habitat and the direct risk of injury/mortality to individual Dormice if a mitigation strategy is not devised. As such, actions which require licensing involve:  damage to a Dormouse breeding site or resting place;  disturbance of Dormice; and  relocation of any Dormouse nest found to suitable habitat outside of the working area. These actions are necessary to construct the overhead line and to maintain sufficient clearances from electrical equipment to adjacent vegetation throughout its lifetime.

Western Power Distribution 1 Brechfa Forest Connection – EPS Licence Application – Dormice Method Statement 855587

C. SURVEY AND SITE ASSESSMENT

C.1 Existing information on the dormice at the survey site

The West Wales Biodiversity Information Centre provided Dormouse records within a 2 km buffer of the Proposed Development. These comprised the following 6 records (record locations can be seen in Figure 2):  a live specimen at Cwmffrwd in 1903;  a live specimen at Cwmffrwd in 1903;  a live specimen at Capel Dewi in 1980;  a confirmed Dormouse gnawed hazel nut at Allt Gwastadau in 1998;  a confirmed Dormouse gnawed hazel nut at Llanllawddog in 1999; and  a confirmed Dormouse gnawed hazel nut south of Carmarthen in 2000. None of these areas are directly crossed by the Proposed Development, the closest record being 1 km from the Proposed Development. Historical and more recent records (detailed above) of Dormice exist within the area of the Proposed Development suggesting that populations continue to survive in this area. However, the nationwide decline of the Common Dormouse is well documented with their numbers and distributional range having declined by half during the past 100 years (Bright et al., 2006).

C.2 Statutory sites notified for the species (SSSIs) within 10km

No statutory sites notified for Dormice are present within 10km of the Propsoed Development.

C.3 Objectives of any specific survey

The objective of the surveys carried out by RSK was to establish the presence or absence of Dormice along the Proposed Development.

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C.4 Scaled plan/map of survey area

Figure 1 Location Plan

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Figure 2 Dormouse Records

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Figure 3 Dormouse Survey Results

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C.5 Site/habitat description

Figure 3 shows the areas of woodland which were surveyed.

C-1 Dormouse tube survey area locations

Dormouse Grid Habitat Description Survey Area Reference

1 SN 40344 Broadleaved woodland following the course of a stream 11380 (Nant Morlais). Well connected to surrounding habitats by hedges. Surrounding landscape is mostly arable and pasture fields separated by hedges.

2 SN43598 These tubes are set out along the hedgerow within pasture 16237 fields where cows are currently grazing.

3 SN44406 Two broadleaved woodland blocks linked by a hedgerow 18333 50 m long. Surrounding landscape is mostly arable and pasture fields separated by hedges.

4 SN43346 These tubes are set out along hedgerows between 19821 agricultural fields and deciduous woodland, with little under-storey.

5 SN43106 This survey area includes rough grassland with hedgerows 20330 where the tubes are located and deciduous, mainly beech, woodlands rolling down to River Towy. Just outside the route but well connected to hedgerows which cross the line.

6 SN43363 This site is located next to the Rover Towy where the 21607 deciduous hedgerows of hazel and hawthorn have been used to situate the tubes.

7 SN43383 Two tree belts and a linear block of woodland alongside a 22624 road. The two tree belts cross the alignment corridor and all of the sample area is well connected to the surrounding area.

8 SN43384 A stand of broadleaved woodland and scrub adjacent to 25152 marshy grassland on a slope leading down to a wooded stream corridor.

9 SN43627 A dense hedge alongside a farm track. At the southern 25305 end it links into a wooded stream corridor, which in turn links to site 7.

10 SN43533 A small stand of broadleaved woodland and hedges on 27971 field boundaries. The adjacent fields are marshy grassland and rough grassland.

11 SN43444 Broadleaved woodland around the edge of coniferous 28593 plantation. This site is mostly outside of the alignment corridor, but is well connected to hedges that cross the corridor.

12 SN44199 This site consists of hedgerows and semi-mature trees 30443 around marshy grasslands.

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Dormouse Grid Habitat Description Survey Area Reference

13 SN45200 Hedges and woodland around the edge of pasture fields. 31075

C.6 Field survey(s)

C.6.1 Survey methods Habitats along the Proposed Development were assessed for their suitability for Dormice. Dormice generally use areas of dense woody vegetation cover, and are more likely to be found where there is a wide diversity of woody species contributing to three- dimensional habitat complexity, a number of food sources, plants suitable for nest- building material, and good connectivity to other areas of suitable habitat. A total of 571 artificial nest-tubes were placed in 13 suitable locations along the Proposed Development. Dormice tend to use nest-tubes if there are few natural nest sites. Locations of Dormouse survey equipment is shown in Figure 3. Dormouse nest-tubes were placed out in suitable habitat between March and April 2014. The table below shows the points for each of the 13 sites surveyed along the route. As sites 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12 all received scores below 20 (which is the minimum score of the recommended search effort set out in best practice guidelines) sites were subjected to hazel nut searches to help give a more definite answer of presence / absence.

C-2 Dormouse survey site scores

Dormouse No. of Number of Points Nut search Y/N Survey Tubes Checks Area

1 50 6 22 No, presence confirmed

2 25 3 14 Y

3 50 6 22 No, not enough fruiting hazel

4 50 4 16 Y

5 50 5 18 Y

6 30 4 25 No, immature hazel only

7 50 7 23 No, not enough fruiting hazel

8 50 4 16 Y

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Dormouse No. of Number of Points Nut search Y/N Survey Tubes Checks Area

9 16 5 17 Y

10 50 4 18 Y

11 50 6 22 No, not enough fruiting hazel

12 50 4 16 Y

13 50 6 22 No, immature hazel only

Hazel nut searches involved searching 10 m x 10 m quadrats and collecting a minimum of 100 hazel nuts which had signs of gnawing by small mammals. Five quadrats, were assessed within each site and then studied for evidence of possible Dormouse feeding. Dormice leave characteristic teeth marks on hazel nuts which can be separated from teeth marks left by other small mammals such as Wood Mice and voles. As records exist of Dormice within close proximity of the route, survey equipment was only checked by, or in the presence of the following licensed individuals; Rosy Benbow (NRW Dormouse licence number 52039:OTH:SA:2014), Gareth Blockley (NRW Dormouse licence number 47078:OTH:SA:2013) and Matthew Collis (NRW Dormouse licence number 541666:OTH:SA:2014).

C.6.2 Weather Weather conditions during the Dormouse presence/absence surveys were optimal with no rain and a minimum temperature of 10.2 °C, and a maximum temperature of 20° C recorded during visits.

C.6.3 Timing Dormouse nest-tubes were placed out in suitable habitat between the March and April 2014. Equipment in 12 of the 13 locations was then checked a minimum of four times (Site 2 received three checks due to access restrictions). The table below shows the dates of equipment checks. The hazel nut searches were all carried out during September as this is the best month for fruiting hazel and because dormice are more likely to be feeding on hazel nuts at this time to gain weight for hibernation.

C-3 Survey timings

Survey Number Dates of Survey

1 Between 23/04/14 – 24/04/14

2 Between 19/05/14 – 21/05/14

3 Between 09/06/14 – 17/06/14

4 Between 14/07/14 – 29/07/14

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Survey Number Dates of Survey

5 Between 12/08/14 – 29/08/14

6 Between 10/09/14 – 30/09/14

7 Between 22/10/14 – 27/10/14

C.6.4 Constraints Some sites received a suboptimal amount of checks, however hazel nut searches were carried out at these locations to ensure a sufficient level of survey effort was used. The negative results from both types of survey are likely to be a true representation of the status of Dormice in the surveyed areas.

C.7 Survey results

Table C.4 below shows the results of the Dormouse surveys. Dormice were recorded at one location (Area 1) only. This survey location is shown on Figure 3. Detailed nest-tube surveys elsewhere along the proposed route did not identify any evidence of Dormouse at any point during the surveys. The following codes are used in Table C.4 below: DM – Dormouse, WM – Wood Mouse, J= Juvenile, A=Adult.

C-4 Positive Dormouse Results

Survey Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 Visit 4 Visit 5 Visit 6 Points Area

1 2 DM 2 DM 1 DM 3 DM 3 DM 2 DM 22 (Nant (A) & 3 nests (A) & 2 nests (2A, 1J) (2J & 2 Morlais nests nests, & 2 nests, Woodland) WM nests WM) signs

In addition to RSK’s surveys RWE carried out presence / absence surveys for Dormice at the northern end of the route around the Brechfa West Wind Farm substation (in Brechfa Forest) to inform their EIA. No signs of Dormice were found.

C.8 Interpretation/evaluation of survey results

The presence/absence surveys show that both nesting and breeding populations of Dormice are present in one area along the route. This status was confirmed when both adults and juveniles were recorded at Site 1.

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D. IMPACT ASSESSMENT

D.1 Short-term impacts: disturbance

Works involving light and heavy machinery within the Nant Morlais woodland has the potential to kill or injure both young and adult Dormice in the active season via damage or destruction of a breeding site, resting place, or structures and places that may be used for shelter or protection. Furthermore, vulnerable young are at risk of abandonment by adults as a cause of disturbance if works are undertaken during the breeding season. Similarly, hibernation sites would be damaged or destroyed and hibernating animals on the ground would also be at risk of killing or injury if work was to progress in winter months. Continued noise from site staff and noise and vibration from machinery may also disturb Dormice occupying breeding sites or resting places. Installation of the overhead line through the middle of this woodland could also lead to fragmentation of habitats and the isolation of populations in the absence of mitigation.

D.2 Long-term impacts: habitat modification

The loss of mature trees under and adjacent to the overhead line will create a woodland ride-type habitat which is likely to be dominated in this area by coppiced hazel and other low-growing shrubs. This will provide favourable summer and winter nest sites for dormice which is likely to have a long term benefit to the population in this area.

D.3 Long term impacts: habitat loss

No long term habitat loss will occur. Large trees will not be allowed to grow under or next to the overhead line but this does not constitute a long term loss of habitat as they will be replaced by low-growing shrubs.

D.4 Long term impacts: fragmentation and isolation

No long term fragmentation or isolation of the Dormouse population at Nant Morlais woodland is anticipated. Although vegetation management under and adjacent to the overhead line will be undertaken on a five year rotation this will be focused on removing or pruning any large trees or shrubs which are at risk of falling on the overhead line. This work will not create fragmentation issues.

D.5 Post-development impacts

In the absence of mitigation vegetation management on a five year rotation has potential to cause injury or harm to Dormice. Works can destroy breeding sites or hibernating sites on the ground, depending on the time of year the management is carried out.

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D.6 Predicted scale of impact

Construction of the overhead lines will require a 6 m gap through the woodland for for winching overhead conductors. This area will be quickly reinstated with low-growing shrubs. Permanent tree removal on a five yearly cycle will only affect the largest trees and shrubs which could fall and damage overhead wires. The predicted scale of impact is therefore low and is only likely to affect the Dormouse population at Nant Morlais woodland.

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E. MITIGATION, COMPENSATION AND MONITORING

E.1 Site clearance methods

The mitigation scheme for Dormice will involve removing of vegetation in the hibernation period between November and March. Prior to works all contractors will be given a toolbox talk on the protection afforded to Dormice, their ecology and the details of the method of works by an appropriately qualified ecologist. The area will be searched thoroughly for nests by a licensed ecologist prior to works commencing. In the unlikely event that Dormice are discovered they will be carefully moved to a suitable area for hibernating by the licensed ecologist supervising works. If this situation were to occur, care would be taken to re-create conditions needed for hibernation i.e. frost protection and suitable cover. The vegetation will be coppiced using hand tools (including directional felling where necessary). The same measures will be implemented during any routine vegetation management (on a five year rotation).

E.2 Dormice habitat

E.2.1 In-situ retention of habitat All woodland habitat either side of the overhead line will be retained. The woodland is approximately 24.5 ha in size and includes a large area of Ancient Woodland to the north of the road.

E.2.2 Modification of existing habitat The proposed development will only require the removal of large trees and shrubs which have potential to fall on, and damage, the overhead wires. Tree removal will be assessed on a five year cycle and trees will only be removed if it is not possible to safely prune and retain them.

E.2.3 New habitat creation Low-growing shrubs will be planted in the area cleared for construction (the 6m wide winching area). To maintain connectivity whilst they grow to a sufficient height, brash piles will be created within the gaps. Woodland ride-type habitats will be created under the overhead line as a result of the removal of large trees.

E.2.4 Habitat losses and gain summary table The areas of habitat to be retained, removed, enhanced or created are shown in table

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E-1 Habitat loss and gains summary table

Habitat loss Habitat gain

0.1 ha – temporary loss associated with Six brash piles (to be installed 6m width required between poles for within gap created for winching) winching

Permanent loss of at least 23 semi- Low growing shrubs to be planted mature to mature trees within the 6m gap

E.3 Mechanisms for ensuring delivery of mitigation and compensation measures

The DCO application will include a requirement for a European Protected Species licence for works that may affect Dormouse in this area. All requirements will need to be ‘signed off’ by the consultees before works on the project can commence.

E.4 Mitigation contingencies

It may be possible for ongoing vegetation management to be carried out under a method statement approved by NRW. This would be as an alternative to applying for a separate EPS licence prior to each occurrence of vegetation management (i.e. every five years). Discussions are ongoing with NRW on this matter.

E.5 Bio-security risk assessment

No non-native species have been identified in the woodland at Nant Morlais. Standard best practice construction practices will be enforced with regard to preventing the potential spread of non-native species or disease into the area, or from this area to other areas along the route.

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F. POST-DEVELOPMENT SITE SAFEGUARD

F.1 Habitat / site management and maintenance

Western Power Distribution will be responsible for the ongoing management of the area underneath the overhead lines (both practically and financially).

F.2 Population monitoring and habitat monitoring

Due to the small scale of the impact Dormouse population monitoring will not be carried out.

F.3 Post-development mitigation contingencies

A one-off donation to a local Dormouse monitoring scheme will be made by Western Power Distribution. This will help to fund local population monitoring schemes.

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G. TIMETABLE OF WORKS

No works to Dormice habitat will commence until a Natural Resources Wales EPS Dormouse licence has been received. Coppicing of vegetation in the affected woodland areas will be undertaken between November 2016 and March 2017.

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H. LAND OWNERSHIP

H.1 Mitigation site/compensation site ownership

Mr Richards, Penyback, Landyfaelog, owns the woodland area.

H.2 Mitigation site/compensation ownership post construction

Mr Richards will continue to own the woodland however Western Power Distribution will have rights to maintain the overhead line and the area beneath it for maintenance purposes (including any vegetation management required).

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I. REFERENCES

Bright, P., Morris, P. and Mitchell-Jones, T. (2006) The Dormouse Conservation Handbook. Second Edition, English Nature, Peterborough.

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Marsh Fritillary Technical Report

Appendix 10.5

Brechfa Forest Connection Project November 2014

Appendix 10.5: Marsh Fritillary Technical Report – Volume 3

Contents

1 Marsh Fritillary Technical Report 2

1.1 Summary 2

1.2 Methodology 2

1.3 Results 4

1.4 References 5

Tables

Table 1 Records of Marsh Fritillary butterfly within 2km search area

Figures

Figure 1 Location Plan

Figure 2 Marsh Fritillary Records

Figure 3 Marsh Fritillary Survey Areas

Annexes

No annexes

Appendix 10.5: Marsh Fritillary Technical Report – Volume 3

1 Marsh Fritillary Technical Report

1.1 Summary

1.1.1 This report details methods and results of Marsh Fritillary butterfly surveys carried out in relation to a 132 kV power line to connect a wind farm at Brechfa Forest, Carmarthenshire to a suitable grid connection point near Llandyfaelog, south of Carmarthen – the ‘Proposed Development’.

1.1.2 Records of Marsh Fritillary butterfly were identified in the background data search.

1.1.3 Potential Marsh Fritillary butterfly habitat was identified during Phase 1 Habitat surveys of the proposed development route carried out in 2013 and 2014.

1.1.4 Detailed Marsh Fritillary butterfly surveys were conducted in areas where food plants were present.

1.1.5 No evidence of Marsh Fritillary butterfly was recorded during the detailed surveys.

1.2 Methodology

Background Data Search

1.2.1 A detailed background data search was undertaken and records were obtained from the Carmarthenshire County Records Centre for all species and designated sites including records of Marsh Fritillary butterfly. Records were requested from within 2 km of the route alignment options and redefined when there was a preferred route alignment.

Field Surveys

th st 1.2.2 Field surveys were carried out between the 18 and 21 of September by Victoria Gilbey, a Principal Ecologist at RSK. Victoria is a Full Member of the

Appendix 10.5: Marsh Fritillary Technical Report – Volume 3

Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) and a Chartered Environmentalist. She is experienced in undertaking surveys of this type.

1.2.3 The main food plant of Marsh Fritillary is Succisa pratensis (Devil's-bit Scabious). It also occasionally uses Knautia arvensis (Field Scabious) and Scabiosa columbaria (Small Scabious). Field surveys focused on areas where these food plants were present.

1.2.4 Based on the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme methodology for monitoring Marsh Fritillary larval webs, all sites were systematically surveyed by walking parallel lines 2 m apart searching for larval webs in an area 1 m either side of the lines until the entire area had been searched. In dense swards the transect width was narrowed to 1 m (0.5 m either side) to ensure that any webs present were located. Any webs located were marked on the transect route and the GPS point was recorded.

Survey Locations

1.2.5 Survey locations are shown in Figure 3.

1.2.6 Survey Location 1 is found at the southern end of the route (Ordnance Survey grid reference SN403112) near Llandyfaelog. It is approximately 50 m wide by 200 m long and comprises three fields of marshy grassland that are partly grazed by cattle. Small amounts of Devil’s-bit Scabious are present.

1.2.7 Survey Location 2 is located close to Survey Location 1 near Llandyfaelog (Ordnance Survey grid reference SN445169). It is approximately 300 m wide by 300 m long and comprises a large area of marshy grassland, separated by hedgerows. Small amounts of Devil’s-bit Scabious are present.

1.2.8 Survey Location 3 is situated towards the northern end of the route near Rhydargaeau (Ordnance Survey grid reference SN439304). This location appears to be most suitable for the target species as there are dense concentrations of food plants across four fields separated by hedgerows and a

Appendix 10.5: Marsh Fritillary Technical Report – Volume 3

wooded stream. The survey area was approximately 100 m wide and 400 m long.

Survey Limitations

1.2.9 Larval counts are recognised as a reliable method for monitoring Marsh Fritillary butterfly populations. This method minimises the problems associated with surveying for adults, which can be difficult due to poor weather conditions during the flight period in some parts of the species range (UKBMS 2014).

1.2.10 It is possible that larval webs could have been missed if the larvae have entered hibernation before surveys were undertaken and if heavy rain has caused any larval webs present to disintegrate prior to surveys taking place. However mid- September is regarded as the optimum time for locating larvae and tent structures for Marsh Fritillary butterfly populations in Wales (UKMS 2014) and the previous week’s weather had been warm and sunny.

1.3 Results

Background Data Search

1.3.1 There are five records of Marsh Fritillary butterfly within the 2 km search area surrounding the proposed development (Figure 2). Details are provided in Table 1.

Table 1 – Records of Marsh Fritillary butterfly within 2km search area

Location Details SN434308 Record from 1995, Cwrt y Beynon Farm

SN422265 Record from 1995, south of Llanpumsaint

SN453168 Record from 1996, Plasmynydd, Nantycaws, Carmarthen

SN434308 Record from 1995, Llanpumsaint

Appendix 10.5: Marsh Fritillary Technical Report – Volume 3

Location Details SN453168 Record from 1996, Plasmynydd, Carmarthenshire

SN4216 Historical record from 1905, near Oaklands, Cwmffrwd

SN420255 Record from 2004, Bronwydd

Field Surveys

1.3.2 Despite extensive searching, no Marsh Fritillary caterpillars or larval webs could be located on individual Devil’s-bit Scabious plants at any of the sites surveyed.

1.4 References

United Kingdom Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS) Ng2: Monitoring Marsh Fritillary Larval Webs – downloaded 9.9.14 http://www.ukbms.org/resources.aspx

Otter & Water Vole Technical Report

Appendix 10.6

Brechfa Forest Connection Project November 2014

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

Contents

1 Otter & Water Vole Technical Report 2

1.1 Summary 2

1.2 Methodology 2

1.3 Results 6

1.4 References 8

Tables

Table 1 Otter field signs recorded during detailed Otter and Water Vole surveys

Figures

Figure 1 Site Location Plan and Aerial Photograph

Figure 2 Otter records

Figure 3 Otter survey results

Annexes

No annexes

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

1 Otter & Water Vole Technical Report

1.1 Summary

1.1.1 This report details methods and results of Otter and Water Vole surveys carried out in relation to a 132 kV power line to connect a wind farm at Brechfa Forest, Carmarthenshire to a suitable grid connection point near Llandyfaelog, south of Carmarthen – the ‘Proposed Development’.

1.1.2 Potential Otter and Water Vole habitat was identified during Phase 1 Habitat surveys of the proposed development route carried out in 2013 and 2014.

1.1.3 Detailed Otter and Water Vole surveys were conducted on watercourses where open-cut methods were to be used and where significant riparian habitat management is required.

1.1.4 No records of Water Vole were identified in the background data search.

1.1.5 No evidence of Water Vole were recorded during the detailed surveys.

1.1.6 Otter records were identified in the background data search on the River Towy and River Gwili in addition to scattered records for some of the smaller watercourses that fell within the 2 km search area.

1.1.7 Otter field signs were observed at all watercourses surveyed with the exception of sites 2, 10 and 11, although signs were found close to site 10. Field signs recorded included spraint, footprints, paths and a couch.

1.2 Methodology

Objectives

1.2.1 The objectives of the Otter and Water Vole surveys were to:

. Identify potential habitat suitable for Otter and Water Vole along the proposed

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

overhead line route.

. Record field signs of Otter and Water Vole within areas where potential disturbance may take place as a result of the Proposed Development.

Background Data Search

1.2.2 A detailed background data search was undertaken and records were obtained from the Camarthenshire County Records Centre for all species and designated sites including records of Otter and Water Vole. Records were requested from within 2 km of the route alignment options and redefined when there was a preferred route alignment. Records returned included field observations of live Otters, deceased Otters on roads and historic breeding sites.

Survey Teams and Survey Times

1.2.3 Surveys were undertaken by experienced Otter and Water Vole surveyors from RSK.

1.2.4 Surveys undertaken comprised:

. Phase 1 Habitat surveys which included an assessment of potential Otter and Water Vole habitat that crosses the proposed route (2013 and 2014).

. Detailed Otter and Water Vole surveys at specific locations.

1.2.5 Full details of the methods used for the surveys are provided below.

Otter Habitat Assessment

1.2.6 Detailed Phase 1 habitat surveys were carried out along the proposed route in 2013 and 2014. The extent of the overhead line route can be observed in Figure 1. Areas of potential habitat for Otter were identified during these surveys. The following factors were considered when undertaking the assessment of potential habitat suitability for Otters:

. Water quality. The main factor in the decline of Otter populations is believed

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

to be organochlorine pesticides in the watercourses.

. Vegetation. The level of shading and cover on the banks and water-margins may affect the likelihood of Otters using an area.

. Food sources. Otters feed on a variety of prey species, in particular however they feed on fish. Fish species depend on a variety of river habitats for different life-stages such as spawning, fry survival and juvenile and adult habitat. Otters require a food-source all year round.

. Management. Management of watercourses (dredging, bank clearance, mowing etc.) and levels of disturbance (in particular if cover is not available for Otters to by-pass sources of disturbance, either by swimming under water or travelling overland) are all factors which might modify how Otters utilise the habitat.

Detailed Otter Survey

1.2.7 Detailed Otter surveys were undertaken during September and October 2014 by Jan Skuriat and Thomas Coyne of RSK Environment. Both are experienced ecologists and members of CIEEM. Detailed Otter surveys were conducted on any watercourses crossed by the proposed route where cables are to be laid underground or where the overhead line would be crossing significant riparian corridors (identified during the Phase 1 habitat surveys) which would result in loss of some mature trees (potential otter holt and couch habitat) or potentially significant disturbance to Otters.

The detailed Otter surveys involved a systematic search of the 100 m upstream and downstream of the point where the proposed route crosses the watercourse, recording any field signs encountered. Field signs include spraints (droppings), footprints, slides, paths, feeding evidence, holts (underground resting places) or couches (temporary resting places).

Water Vole Habitat Assessment

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

1.2.8 All watercourses crossed by the proposed route were assessed for their potential to support Water Vole (Arvicola amphibius) during the Phase 1 Habitat Survey in 2012 and 2013. The following factors were considered when undertaking the assessment.

. Water quality. Some pollutants may negatively affect Water Voles. However, they sometimes use places where the water quality is extremely poor.

. Water-level regime. Water Voles are susceptible to fluctuating water levels, particularly if there are no refuge areas. Water speed may also be a factor.

. Channel dimensions. Water Voles prefer (but are not exclusive to) channels less than 3m wide, with the banks around 45˚ and slow-flowing water less than 1m deep.

. Bank material. Water Voles burrow into the banks, and therefore the bank material will influence how suitable a site is for Water Voles. Engineering such as concrete or metal bank-reinforcements will reduce the suitability of the habitat.

. Vegetation. The level of shading and cover on the banks and water-margins may affect the likelihood of Water Vole using an area. Less shaded watercourses with good vegetation cover on the banks are typically more favoured.

. Food sources. Water Voles are mostly vegetarian and often large plants make up the bulk of their diet. They require a food-source all year round.

. Predation and Competition. Mustela vison (American Mink) predation is probably the biggest threat to Water Voles. Felis catus (Domestic Cat) and Rattus norvegicus (Brown Rat) can also affect populations. Terrestrial predators can also predate Water Voles, particularly if water levels are low; enabling predators to enter Water Voles burrows, for example Mustela erminea (Stoats) and Mustela nivalis (Weasels).

. Management. Management of watercourses (dredging, bank clearance,

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

mowing etc.) and livestock, which can cause poaching and destroy burrows, are all factors which might modify the habitat and reduce the suitability for Water Voles.

Detailed Water Vole Survey

1.2.9 Detailed Water Vole surveys were undertaken during October 2014 by Jan Skuriat and Thomas Coyne. Detailed Water Vole surveys were conducted at locations where cables are to be laid underground or where the overhead line would be crossing significant riparian corridors (identified during the Phase 1 habitat surveys) which would result in loss of some mature trees and therefore potentially disturb Water Vole.

1.2.10 The Water Vole surveys involved a systematic search 100 m up and downstream of the proposed crossing point, recording any field signs encountered. Field signs include feeding evidence, latrines, burrows, footprints, runs and actual sightings. The surveys were carried out when Water Voles would be actively maintaining their territories and so more signs are likely to be present in areas used by Water Vole.

1.3 Results

Otter Background Data Search

1.3.1 There are desktop records of Otters from the River Gwili and the River Towy. There are also scattered records for some of the smaller watercourses within the 2 km search area surrounding the cable route (Figure 2). In addition, Otters were observed by RSK employees on the River Towy during the winter bird surveys.

Otter Survey Results

1.3.2 The rivers and surrounding riparian vegetation crossed by the Proposed Development provide excellent habitat for Otters. The majority of watercourses appear to be of good water quality although this could only be confirmed by

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

specific testing. Riparian habitat including broadleaf and coniferous forest and scrub all hold potential for Otter holts and couches. Otter field signs were present at the majority of sites that were surveyed. No field signs were recorded at Site 2 and Site 11. Details of field signs recorded at each site are provided in Table 1 and Figure 3.

Table 1 – Otter survey results

Site Details of Otter signs present Name

Site 1 Otter Note 1 – Potential Otter couch with degraded spraint in entrance.

Site 2 No signs of Otter present.

Site 3 Otter Note 1 – Highly degraded Otter spraint on boulder under bridge.

Site 4 Otter Note 1 – Otter footprints recorded in marginal mud.

Site 5 Otter Note 1 – Otter spraint and pathway formed in vegetation.

Otter Note 2 – Otter spraint.

Otter Note 3 – Otter spraint.

Site 6 Otter Note 1 – Footprint in marginal mud.

Otter Note 2 – Potential Otter pathway.

Site 7 Otter Note 1 – 5 Otter spraint under road bridge.

Site 8 Otter Note 1 – Otter footprint in the soft mud at the margins of the river.

Otter Note 2 – Otter spraint on boulder within the river channel.

Site 9 Otter Note 1- Otter spraint on boulder on main river channel.

Otter Note 2 – Otter spraint on boulder on main river channel.

Site 10 Otter Note 1 – Otter spraint on gravel bar within river channel.

Otter Note 2 – Otter anal jelly on boulder within river channel.

Site 11 No signs of Otter present.

Appendix 10.6: Otter & Water Vole Technical Report – Volume 3

Water Vole Background Data Search

1.3.3 Water Voles have been recorded from the River Towy valley, but no records were identified during the desktop data search from within the 2 km search area surrounding the proposed route.

Water Vole Survey Results

1.3.4 Potential habitat for Water Vole was identified during the Phase 1 Habitat survey although the majority of watercourses crossed by the proposed route were considered unsuitable or sub-optimal for the species due to unsuitable bank side materials (boulder and bedrock) and channel dimensions. No signs of Water Vole were recorded during any of the detailed surveys indicating the species is absent from the sites surveyed along the proposed route.

1.4 References

rd 1.4.1 Strachan, R and Moorhouse, T. (2011). Water Vole Conservation Handbook (3 Edition). Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford.