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Understanding Benzodiazephine Use, Abuse, and Detection
Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, the leading clinical diagnostics company, is committed to providing clinicians with the vital information they need for the accurate diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients. Our comprehensive portfolio of performance-driven systems, unmatched menu offering and IT solutions, in conjunction with highly responsive service, is designed to streamline workflow, enhance operational efficiency and support improved patient care. Syva, EMIT, EMIT II, EMIT d.a.u., and all associated marks are trademarks of General Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. All Drugs other trademarks and brands are the Global Division property of their respective owners. of Abuse Siemens Healthcare Product availability may vary from Diagnostics Inc. country to country and is subject 1717 Deerfield Road to varying regulatory requirements. Deerfield, IL 60015-0778 Please contact your local USA representative for availability. www.siemens.com/diagnostics Siemens Global Headquarters Global Siemens Healthcare Headquarters Siemens AG Understanding Wittelsbacherplatz 2 Siemens AG 80333 Muenchen Healthcare Sector Germany Henkestrasse 127 Benzodiazephine Use, 91052 Erlangen Germany Abuse, and Detection Telephone: +49 9131 84 - 0 www.siemens.com/healthcare www.usa.siemens.com/diagnostics Answers for life. Order No. A91DX-0701526-UC1-4A00 | Printed in USA | © 2009 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. Syva has been R1 R2 a leading developer N and manufacturer of AB R3 X N drugs-of-abuse tests R4 for more than 30 years. R2 C Now part of Siemens Healthcare ® Diagnostics, Syva boasts a long and Benzodiazepines have as their basic chemical structure successful track record in drugs-of-abuse a benzene ring fused to a seven-membered diazepine ring. testing, and leads the industry in the All important benzodiazepines contain a 5-aryl substituent ring (ring C) and a 1,4–diazepine ring. -
Analytical Methods for Determination of Benzodiazepines. a Short Review
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 12(10) • 2014 • 994-1007 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0551-1 Central European Journal of Chemistry Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review Review Article Paulina Szatkowska1, Marcin Koba1*, Piotr Kośliński1, Jacek Wandas1, Tomasz Bączek2,3 1Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland 3Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland Received 16 July 2013; Accepted 6 February 2014 Abstract: Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work. Keywords: Analytical methods • Benzodiazepines • Drugs analysis • Pharmaceutical formulations © Versita Sp. z o.o. 1. Introduction and long). For this reason, an application of these drugs became broader allowing their utility to a larger extent, Benzodiazepines have been first introduced into medical and at the same time, problems related to drug abuse practice in the 60s of the last century. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
The Use of Stems in the Selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for Pharmaceutical Substances
WHO/PSM/QSM/2006.3 The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances 2006 Programme on International Nonproprietary Names (INN) Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines Medicines Policy and Standards The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0005722 A1 Jennings-Spring (43) Pub
US 20090005722A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0005722 A1 Jennings-Spring (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 1, 2009 (54) SKIN-CONTACTING-ADHESIVE FREE Publication Classification DRESSING (51) Int. Cl. Inventor: Barbara Jennings-Spring, Jupiter, A61N L/30 (2006.01) (76) A6F I3/00 (2006.01) FL (US) A6IL I5/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: AOIG 7/06 (2006.01) Irving M. Fishman AOIG 7/04 (2006.01) c/o Cohen, Tauber, Spievack and Wagner (52) U.S. Cl. .................. 604/20: 602/43: 602/48; 4771.5; Suite 2400, 420 Lexington Avenue 47/13 New York, NY 10170 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/231,104 A dressing having a flexible sleeve shaped to accommodate a Substantially cylindrical body portion, the sleeve having a (22) Filed: Aug. 29, 2008 lining which is substantially non-adherent to the body part being bandaged and having a peripheral securement means Related U.S. Application Data which attaches two peripheral portions to each other without (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/434,689, those portions being circumferentially adhered to the sleeve filed on May 16, 2006. portion. Patent Application Publication Jan. 1, 2009 Sheet 1 of 9 US 2009/0005722 A1 Patent Application Publication Jan. 1, 2009 Sheet 2 of 9 US 2009/0005722 A1 10 8 F.G. 5 Patent Application Publication Jan. 1, 2009 Sheet 3 of 9 US 2009/0005722 A1 13 FIG.6 2 - Y TIII Till "T fift 11 10 FIG.7 8 13 6 - 12 - Timir" "in "in "MINIII. -
Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances and Recommended Penalties Model Rule
DRUG TESTING STANDARDS AND PRACTICES PROGRAM. Uniform Classification Guidelines for Foreign Substances And Recommended Penalties Model Rule. January, 2018 (V.13.4) Ó ASSOCIATION OF RACING COMMISSIONERS INTERNATIONAL – 2018. Association of Racing Commissioners International 1510 Newtown Pike, Lexington, Kentucky, United States www.arci.com Page 1 of 61 Preamble to the Uniform Classification Guidelines of Foreign Substances The Preamble to the Uniform Classification Guidelines was approved by the RCI Drug Testing and Quality Assurance Program Committee (now the Drug Testing Standards and Practices Program Committee) on August 26, 1991. Minor revisions to the Preamble were made by the Drug Classification subcommittee (now the Veterinary Pharmacologists Subcommittee) on September 3, 1991. "The Uniform Classification Guidelines printed on the following pages are intended to assist stewards, hearing officers and racing commissioners in evaluating the seriousness of alleged violations of medication and prohibited substance rules in racing jurisdictions. Practicing equine veterinarians, state veterinarians, and equine pharmacologists are available and should be consulted to explain the pharmacological effects of the drugs listed in each class prior to any decisions with respect to penalities to be imposed. The ranking of drugs is based on their pharmacology, their ability to influence the outcome of a race, whether or not they have legitimate therapeutic uses in the racing horse, or other evidence that they may be used improperly. These classes of drugs are intended only as guidelines and should be employed only to assist persons adjudicating facts and opinions in understanding the seriousness of the alleged offenses. The facts of each case are always different and there may be mitigating circumstances which should always be considered. -
The Emergence of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Benzodiazepines
Issue: Ir Med J; Vol 112; No. 7; P970 The Emergence of New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Benzodiazepines. A Survey of their Prevalence in Opioid Substitution Patients using LC-MS S. Mc Namara, S. Stokes, J. Nolan HSE National Drug Treatment Centre Abstract Benzodiazepines have a wide range of clinical uses being among the most commonly prescribed medicines globally. The EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances (NPS) has over recent years detected new illicit benzodiazepines in Europe’s drug market1. Additional reference standards were obtained and a multi-residue LC- MS method was developed to test for 31 benzodiazepines or metabolites in urine including some new benzodiazepines which have been classified as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) which comprise a range of substances, including synthetic cannabinoids, opioids, cathinones and benzodiazepines not covered by international drug controls. 200 urine samples from patients attending the HSE National Drug Treatment Centre (NDTC) who are monitored on a regular basis for drug and alcohol use and which tested positive for benzodiazepine class drugs by immunoassay screening were subjected to confirmatory analysis to determine what Benzodiazepine drugs were present and to see if etizolam or other new benzodiazepines are being used in the addiction population currently. Benzodiazepine prescription and use is common in the addiction population. Of significance we found evidence of consumption of an illicit new psychoactive benzodiazepine, Etizolam. Introduction Benzodiazepines are useful in the short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia, and in managing alcohol withdrawal. 1 According to the EMCDDA report on the misuse of benzodiazepines among high-risk opioid users in Europe1, benzodiazepines, especially when injected, can prolong the intensity and duration of opioid effects. -
Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine -
Toxicology Drug Testing Panels
RTXMSJ06008UAH Toxicology Drug Testing Panels Document Number: RTXMSJ06008UAH Revision Number: 1.73 Document Type: Attachment Effective Date: 5/3/2021 3:08:59 PM Location: AHS Laboratory Services\Document Administration\Toxicology and Trace Elements\17. Drug Testing LCMSMS\1. Drug Testing LCMSMS Job Aids RTXMSJ06008UAH Toxicology Drug Testing Panels Urine Opioid Dependency Panel 1 (UODP) CUT-OFF DRUG CLASS COMMON TRADE NAMES INTERPRETIVE CONCENTRATION2 ANALYTE DETECTED (STREET NAME) NOTES (NG/ML) Amphetamines Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse, A prescription drug; also a metabolite of Amphetamine 250 Lisdexamfetamine methamphetamine (Speed, Bennies, Crystal Meth, Metabolite of Selegiline; Metabolized to Methamphetamine 250 Uppers) amphetamine Metabolite of Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) 250 methylenedioxymethamphetamine Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy, MDMA) Metabolized to methylenedioxyamphetamine 250 Page 1 of 15 RTXMSJ06008UAH Toxicology Drug Testing Panels Rev: 1.73 CUT-OFF DRUG CLASS COMMON TRADE NAMES INTERPRETIVE CONCENTRATION2 ANALYTE DETECTED (STREET NAME) NOTES (NG/ML) Benzodiazepines Flubromazepam prescription not available in Flubromazepam 50 Canada 7-Aminoclonazepam Metabolite of clonazepam (Rivotril) 50 7-Aminonitrazepam Metabolite of nitrazepam (Mogadon) 50 Alphahydroxyalprazolam Metabolite of alprazolam (Xanax) 50 Alphahydroxytriazolam Metabolite of triazolam (Halcion) 50 Bromazepam Lectopam 50 Clobazam Frisium Metabolized to norclobazam 50 o Norclobazam Metabolite of clobazam 50 Metabolite of chlordiazepoxide -
Customs Tariff - Schedule
CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2019 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels. -
Toxicology Reference Material
toxicology Toxicology covers a wide range of disciplines, including therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical toxicology, forensic toxicology (drug driving, criminal and coroners), drugs in sport and work place drug testing, as well as academia and research. Those working in the field have a professional interest in the detection and measurement of alcohol, drugs, poisons and their breakdown products in biological samples, together with the interpretation of these measurements. Abuse and misuse of drugs is one of the biggest problems facing our society today. Acute poisoning remains one of the commonest medical emergencies, accounting for 10-20% of hospital admissions for general medicine [Dargan & Jones, 2001]. Many offenders charged with violent crimes, or victims of violent crime may have been under the influence of drugs at the time the act was committed. The use of mind-altering drugs in the work place, or whilst in control of a motor vehicle places others in danger [Drummer, 2001]. Performance enhancing drugs in sport make for an uneven playing field and distract from the core ethic of sportsmanship. Patterns of drug abuse around the world are constantly evolving. They vary between geographies; from one country to another and even from region to region or population to population within countries. With a European presence, a wide reaching network of global customers and distributors, and activate participation in relevant professional societies, Chiron is well positioned to develop and deliver relevant, and current standards to meet customer demand in this challenging field. Chiron AS Stiklestadvn. 1 N-7041 Trondheim Norway Phone No.: +47 73 87 44 90 Fax No.: +47 73 87 44 99 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.chiron.no Org. -
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0