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68 Situs Kraton Plered Sebagai Media Pembelajaran IJSSE: Indonesian Journal of Social Science Education Volume 1, Nomor 1, Januari 2019 http://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/ijsse E-ISSN: 2655-6278 P-ISSN: 2655-6588 SITUS KRATON PLERED SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN REKONSTRUKSI SEJARAH FEBTA PRATAMA Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jakarta Jl. Raya Tengah No. 80, Pasar Rebo, Jakarta Timur Email: [email protected] Abstract: The Palace Site Plered as a Learning Media of Historical Reconstruction. The purpose of research on the Palace Site Plered during Islamic Mataram was to see how big the potential and the prospective site of the Palace as a learning Medium Plered Reconstruction History either to students, a student of history, as well as lovers of history. This research uses qualitative deskriftif method with this type of research is historical. As for the method of this research consists of the stages of data collection, data analysis, and then the last stage of verification or conclusion. In the third stage of the four-stage research history. The results showed that the Palace historical site Plered beneficial to provide insight into the history of the Sultanate of Mataram Islam and has potential as a medium of instruction in developing the learning model reconstruction of history. The Palace site is useful as a productive activity of Plered as preparation of scientific papers, final project, the creation of media, and natural history education, laboratory for students, students of history and public history lovers. Keywords. Kraton Plered, Media of Learning, Reconstruction of History. Abstrak. Situs Kraton Plered sebagai Media Pembelajaran Rekonstruksi Sejarah. Tujuan penelitian terhadap Situs Kraton Plered pada masa Mataram Islam ini ialah untuk melihat seberapa besar potensi dan prospektif situs Keraton Plered sebagai Media Pembelajaran Rekonstruksi Sejarah baik itu kepada siswa, mahasiswa sejarah, maupun masyarakat pecinta sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan jenis penelitian historical. Adapun metode penelitian ini terdiri dari tahap pengumpulan data, kemudian analisis data, dan terakhir tahap verifikasi atau kesimpulan. Dalam ketiga tahapan tersebut termasuk empat tahap penelitian sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs sejarah Kraton Plered bermanfaat untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang sejarah Kesultanan Mataram Islam dan memiliki potensi sebagai media pembelajaran dalam mengembangkan model pembelajaran rekonstruksi sejarah. Situs Kraton Plered bermanfaat sebagai kegiatan produktif seperti penyusunan makalah, tugas akhir ilmiah, pembuatan media, dan labolatorium alami Pendidikan Sejarah bagi siswa, mahasiswa sejarah dan masyarakat umum pecinta sejarah. Kata kunci. Kraton Plered, Media Pembelajaran, Rekonstruksi Sejarah. Febta Pratama: Situs Kraton Plered Yogyakarta sebagai… 68 http://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/ijsse IJSSE: Indonesian Journal of Social Science Education Volume 1, Nomor 1, Januari 2019 PENDAHULUAN menggantikan Sultan Agung (dalam Mataram Islam merupakan kerajaan Serat Babad Momana menyebutkan Islam terbesar di Jawa pada abad 16- angka tahun 1568 Jawa). Berdasarkan 17 Masehi. Mataram Islam diyakini oleh Serat Babad Momana, gelar yang masyarakat sebagai penerus dari digunakan saat naik tahta adalah Sunan kerajaan Pajang di bawah pemerintahan Mangkurat Hanyakrakusuma Senapati Sultan Hadiwijaya. Ki Ageng Pemanahan ing Ngalaga Panatagama. adalah tokoh yang membangun daerah Pada masa pemerintahan Mataram. Mataram awalnya merupakan Amangkurat I, keraton kembali sebuah alas (hutan) yang merupakan dipindahkan dari Kerta ke Plered. Selain hadiah sultan Pajang kepada Ki Ageng itu pada masa pemerintahan raja Pemanahan atas jasanya kepada keempat Kerajaan Mataram-Islam inilah kesultanan pajang. Kerajaan Mataram untuk pertama kalinya kota pusat berdiri pada tahun 1582 pusat kerajaan Kerajaan Mataram-Islam dipindahkan, ini terletak di sebelah tenggara kota yakni dari Kota Gede ke Pleret. Babad Yogyakarta, yakni di Kotagede. Setelah Sengkala mencatat perpindahan wafatnya Ki Ageng Pemanahan, Amangkurat I ke Keraton Pleret pada Pemerintahan mataram digantikan oleh tahun 1569 Jawa atau 1647 Masehi anaknya Danang Sutawijaya atau (Adrisijanti, 2000: 66). Berdasarkan Pangeran Ngabehi Loring Pasar dan serat babad Momana tahun 1570 J mengangkat dirinya menjadi raja (1648 M) ibukota Mataram oleh Sunan mataram yang bergelar Panembahan Amangkurat I diperintahkan untuk Senopati. Danang Sutawijaya melakukan dialihkan darikerto ke pleret. Sedangkan perluasan termasuk ke Pajang dan keraton kerto kemudian hanya membawa beberapa pusaka Kesultanan difungsikan sebagai pesanggrahan Pajang. keraton lama (Yudodipojo, 1995:28). Setelah Panembahan Senopati Perintah perpindahan ibukota darikerto meninggal kekuasaannya digantikan ke pleret ini dapat di ketahui dalam oleh anaknya yang bernama Mas Jolang Babad Tanah Jawi, Bahwa raja berkata: atau Panembahan Seda Krapyak. Jolang “…serupane kawulangsun kabeh, hanya memerintah selama 12 tahun padha nyithaka bata, ingsun bakal (1601-1613), tercatat bahwa pada mingser teka ing kutha kerta, pemerintahannya beliau membangun patlasane kangieng rama ingsun tan sebuah taman Danalaya di sebelah barat arsa ngenggoni. Ingsun bakal yasa kraton. Pemerintahannya berakhir ketika kutha ing Plered….“ artinya kurang beliau meninggal di hutan Krapyak lebih “…semua rakyatku, kalian ketika beliau sedang berburu. buatlah bata. Saya akan pindah dari Selanjutnya bertahtalah Mas Rangsang, kerta, karena saya tidak mau tinggal yang bergelar Sultan Agung di bekas (kediaman) ayahanda. Saya Hanyakrakusuma. Di bawah akan membangun kota plered….”. pemerintahannya (tahun 1613-1645) Berdasarkan keterangan babad Mataram mengalami masa kejayaan. tanah jawi di atas dapat diketahui, Ibukota kerajaan Kotagede dipindahkan bahwa setelah Sunan Amangkurat I ke Kraton Kerta. Sultan Agung tercatat dinobatkan sebagai raja Mataram, beliau melakukan beberapa kali penyerangan tidak ingin bertahta di kerto bekas ke Batavia untuk mengusir VOC. Pada kediaman ayahanda (Sultan Agung). tahun 1646 Amangkurat I naik tahta Beliau kemudian memerintahkan kepada Febta Pratama: Situs Kraton Plered Yogyakarta sebagai… 69 http://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/ijsse IJSSE: Indonesian Journal of Social Science Education Volume 1, Nomor 1, Januari 2019 rakyatnya untuk mencetak bata guna nantinya dibuat segarayasa (de graaf, membangun istana baru di pleret, 1986:114). dimana pleret sebelumnya memang Berdasarkan babad dan cacatan kolonial telah direncanakan sebagai bakal calon tersebut, pemerintah Yogyakarta dan Mataram yang baru. Semenjak itu Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta mulai pembangunan istana oleh sunan melakukan pemetaan, survei dan Amangkurat terus dilakukan dan melakukan penggalian di sekitar lokasi berdasarkan informasi keraton Plered yang saat ini sudah berubah digambarkan sangat megah. Ini dapat nama menjadi kampung-kampung di diketahui berdasarkan cacatan Lons, kelurahan Plered. Penggalian dilakukan ketika mengunjungi Plered th 1733 dibeberapa titik dan ditemukan menggambarkan bahwa keraton Pleret beberapa benda peninggalan dan bekas dibuat dari batu dan lebih besar bangunan. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan, daripada Kraton Kartasura. Babad ing survei dan penggalian didapati tinggalan sankala mencatat perpindahan sunan ke arkeologis berupa umpak (tiang) kraton yang baru (plered) terjadi padda kedaton Plered, Benteng Kedaton tahun 1569 J (1647 M) Kraton yan baru Plered, Masjid Agung Kauman, dan ini dinamakan Puraarya (Ras, sumur Gumulung (Nurhadi, 1978: 8). 1992:337). Pemerintahan Amangkurat I Beberapa tinggalan arkeologis ini berakhir dengan pemberontakan sekarang dapat dilihat langsung di Trunajaya yang berhasil menguasai Plered dan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kraton. Sunan Amangkurat dapat Yogyakarta disitus Kraton Plered ini meloloskan diri, Akan tetapi sampai di sudah dibangun Museum sebagai Tegalarum, (dekat Tegal, Jawa Tengah) tempat pameran barang temuan. Amangkurat I jatuh sakit dan akhirnya Melihat hal itu, jelas bahwa Kraton wafat. Plered memiliki nilai historis yang sangat Terletak dihampir +12 Km kearah berharga. Dengan demikian, bagi tenggara dari pusat kota jogja, sisa-sisa pendidikan sejarah Situs Kraton Plered kemegahan Kraton Pleret hampir tidak memiliki potensi prospektif untuk bisa kita lihat saat ini. Berdasarkan dikembangkan sebagai Sumber, Media, babad dan catatan kolonial, Plered pusat Labolatorium Natural dalam Model Kerajaan Mataram masa Amangkurat I Pembelajaran Metodologi Rekonstruksi (1646-1677) yang terletak +12 km ke Sejarah. arah tenggara dari kota Yogyakarta, dalam imajinasi historis boleh jadi METODE PENELITIAN merupakan ibu kota Mataram yang Penelitian ini menggunakan metode paling cantik dibanding masa sebelum kualitatif deskriftif dengan jenis dan sesudahnya. Bayangkan sebuah penelitian sejarah. Adapun metode kompleks istana dengan danau buatan penelitian ini terdiri dari tahap yang sangat luas dan batang-batang air pengumpulan data, kemudian analisis disekelilingnya, juga Pegunungan Seribu data, dan terakhir tahap verifikasi atau sebagai latar belakangnya. Berdasarkan kesimpulan. Dalam ketiga tahapan Babad sangkala 1565 J (1643 M), salah tersebut termasuk empat tahap satunya berupa pembangunan danau penelitian sejarah, yakni heuristic, kritik atau laut buatan dengan membendung sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. sungai opak sebelah timur pleret, yang HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Febta Pratama: Situs Kraton Plered Yogyakarta sebagai… 70 http://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/ijsse IJSSE: Indonesian Journal
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