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Гранты правительства США Project Country: Belarus Source: www.usaspending.gov Recipient Awarding office Total funding # Recipient name Awarding agency name Year Award description country code name amount AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SERVICE TO VULNERABLE 1 CHRISTIAN CHILDREN'S FUND USA 300,000.00 2008 DEVELOPMENT (USAID) GROUPS IN BELARUS <10027-B6V>PREPARE A DATABASE WITH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND NIH, NCI, OD OM OA RESULTS OF THE DIRECT THYROID ACTIVITY 2 GAVRILIN RUS 8,000.00 2008 HUMAN SERVICES (HHS) OFC ACQUISITIONS MEASUREMENTS IN BELARUS PER STATEMENT OF WORK. THE RECIPIENT WILL DISTRIBUTE MICRO- INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE GRANTS, THAT WAS DELAYED BY 3 USA 997,270.00 2008 FOR MIGRATION DEVELOPMENT (USAID) THE ABSENCE OF CONFIRMATION FROM THE BELARUS MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL COUNTERING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS: 4 USA 450,000.00 2008 FOR MIGRATION DEVELOPMENT (USAID) BELARUS INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS STRENGTHENING 5 USA 434,719.00 2008 INSTITUTE (IRI) DEVELOPMENT (USAID) ACTIVITIES IN BELARUS INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS STRENGTHENING IN 6 USA 434,718.00 2008 INSTITUTE (IRI) DEVELOPMENT (USAID) BELARUS NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL STRENGTHENING POLITICAL PROCESS AND 7 USA 874,000.00 2008 FOR INTERNATION DEVELOPMENT (USAID) CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN BELARUS. CIVIL SOCIETY AND INDEPENDENT PRIVATE AGENCIES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL MEDIASTRENGTHENING PROJECT IN BELARUS 8 USA 2,312,775.00 2008 COLLABORATING TOGETHER, INC. DEVELOPMENT (USAID) (ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT (ODS) PROGRAM IN BELARUS - PHASE II). PRIVATE AGENCIES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY AND INDEPENDENT MEDIA 9 USA 200,000.00 2008 COLLABORATING TOGETHER, INC. DEVELOPMENT (USAID) STRENGTHENING PROJECT IN BELARUS. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL EXTENSION OF THE AWARD FROM 9/30/2008 TILL 10 USA 500,000.00 2008 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT (USAID) 7/31/2009 AT NO ADDITIONAL COST. AMERICAN COUNCIL ON AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 11 USA 263,394.00 2009 INCREMENTAL FUNDING OF $263,394 EDUCATION (ACE) DEVELOPMENT (USAID) TO ENGAGE RESIDENTS LIVING IN 23 MULTI- STORIED BUILDINGS IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF 12 BARANOVICHI ECOLOGICAL UNION BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,441.00 2009 BARANOVICHI CITY IN THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING PRIORITIZING AND SOLVI PRESERVATION AND INTERPRETATION OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE OF BELARUSIAN ASSOCIATION OF 13 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 24,000.00 2009 POLESSIE REGION VIA A FESTIVAL OF LOCAL AGRO- AND ECOTOURIS CRAFTS AND COUSINE AND SEMINARS ON SUSTAI DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN KOBRIN SMORGON AND SOLIGORSK VIA A BELARUSIAN ASSOCIATION OF 14 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,955.00 2009 DIALOGUE BETWEEN SOCIAL GOVERNMENTAL SOCIAL WORKERS AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND A PROMOTING VOLUNTEERISM AND PARTICIPATION OF THE COMMUNITY IN 15 BELARUSIAN CHILDREN'S HOSPICE BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,911.00 2009 IMPROVING THE LIFE OF TERMINALLY ILL CHILDREN POPULARIZATION OF THE BELARUSIAN LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION OF WIDE 16 BELARUSIAN LANGUAGE SOCIETY BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 24,000.00 2009 AUDIENCES ON THE ROOTS OF THE BELARUSIAN NATION VIA AN ELABORATE INFORMATION AND ED REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF THE VICTIMS 17 CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,311.00 2009 OF VIOLENCE IN FAMILIES AND ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENCE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 18 USA 450,000.00 2009 BUSINESS ADVOCACY IN BELARUS PROGRAM PRIVATE ENTERPRISE INC DEVELOPMENT (USAID) COMMUNITY SERVICES TO VULNERABLE GROUPS IN BELARUS: EXPANDING AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 19 CHRISTIAN CHILDREN'S FUND USA 500,000.00 2009 PARTICIPAITON OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES DEVELOPMENT (USAID) AND SUPPORTING ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE FARMER-TO-FARMER (FTF) PROGRAM IN CITIZENS NETWORK FOR FOREIGN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 20 USA 100,000.00 2009 BELARUS. NEW ASSOCIATE AWARD UNDER THE AFFAIRS, INC. (C DEVELOPMENT (USAID) LEADER AWARD. FOREIGN SERVICE 21 FOX MARTYNA USA DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 16,600.00 2009 TEACH AR566 RUSSIA/BELARUS AREA STUDIES INSTITUTE PREPARE DATABASE RESULTS OF THE DIRECT THYROID ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND NIH, NCI, OD OM OA 22 GAVRILIN RUS 8,000.00 2009 BELARUS MADE IN MAY-JUNE, 1986 FOR 12,000 HUMAN SERVICES (HHS) OFC ACQUISITIONS BELARUSIAN COHORT MEMBERS, PER STATEMENT OF WORK. GERMAN MARSHALL FUND OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 23 USA 300,000.00 2009 NEW COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AT $500 000 UNITED STATES - A DEVELOPMENT (USAID) PERFORMING RADIATION MONITORING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHARITABLE INHABITANTS OF LELTCHISY DISTRICT 24 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 20,010.00 2009 FOUNDATION "HOUSE OF ESTABLISHING COOPERATION BETWEEN LOCAL POPULATION AND REPRESENTATIVES OF LO INITIATING PUBLIC DIALOG ON THE PROBLEMS INTERNATIONAL NON- OF CHILD ABUSE. CONVENING A NATIONAL 25 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,764.00 2009 GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION CONFERENCE ON THE TOPIC AND DEVELOPING A STRATEGY ON ITS PREVENTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IN 26 USA 190,000.00 2009 FOR MIGRATION DEVELOPMENT (USAID) BELARUS INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL PORCESS STRENGTHENING IN 27 USA 300,368.00 2009 INSTITUTE (IRI) DEVELOPMENT (USAID) BELARUS PROMOTING VOLUNTEERISM AND LIOZNO DISTRICT ORGANIZATION PARTICIPATION OF THE COMMUNITY IN LIOZNO 28 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 16,421.00 2009 OF PUBLIC ASSOC DISTRICT IN IMPROVING THE LIFE OF THE HANDICAPPED PEOPLE TO INVOLVE THE GIZENKA COMMUNITY LOCAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MOGILEV PROVINCE IN THE PROCESS OF 29 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,405.00 2009 FOUNDATION RENAIS PRIORITIZING LOCAL PROBLEMS IDENTIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE ASSISTING THE RECIPIENT IN SUPPORTING INTERNET CONNECTIVITY IN ORDER TO MINSK REGIONAL PUSHKIN 30 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 4,744.00 2009 SUSTAIN ONLINE AMERICAN STUDY?S LIBRARY RESOURCES AVAILABILITY TO PROVIDE LIBRARY US TO ASSIST THE RECIPIENT IN ARRANGING THE VISIT BY SLIDE GUITARIST SONNY LANDRETH 31 MONGREL MUSIC USA DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 7,168.00 2009 AND HIS BAND TO BELARUS. THE BAND WILL TAKE PART IN THE ANNUAL MINSK 1 Гранты правительства США Project Country: Belarus Source: www.usaspending.gov Recipient Awarding office Total funding # Recipient name Awarding agency name Year Award description country code name amount TO INFORM THE DISABLED PEOPLE OF MOZYR INTERREGIONAL BELARUS ABOUT BARRIER-FREE ENVIRONMENT 32 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 20,092.00 2009 ORGANIZATION OF THE PUBLI THROUGH THE CREATION OF THE FIRST TWO DISABLED-ACCESS MAPS IN BELARUS AND AN NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL STRENGTHENING POLITICAL PROCESS AND 33 USA 125,889.00 2009 FOR INTERNATION DEVELOPMENT (USAID) CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN BELARUS TO OVERCOME THE STIGMA ATTACHED TO DISABLED POPULATIONS IN GRODNO BY NGO GRODNO CHILDREN'S 34 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,963.00 2009 IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE HOSPICE TERMINALLY AND CHRONICALLY ILL CHILDREN AND STIMULATING PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL 35 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 22,760.00 2009 DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL LEGISLATION ASSOCIATION CHILDREN OF CHER AND DECISION MAKING PROCESSES AT DIFFERENT LE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT IN PRIVATE AGENCIES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL BELARUS (ODS): STRENGTHENING BELARUSIAN 36 USA 2,345,818.00 2009 COLLABORATING TOGETHER, INC. DEVELOPMENT (USAID) CIVIL SOCIETY AND INDEPENDENT MEDIA THROUGH THE COMMUNITY AND MEDIA DEV GRANT TO THE ST. LUKASGALERIE FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONTRIBUTING TO TRAVEL AND 37 SINT-LUKASSSTICHTING VZW BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 3,000.00 2009 ACCOMMODATION EXPENSES FOR LOS ANGELES-BASED ARTIST MARNIE WEBER IN THE F PRODUCING AND DISTRIBUTING TWO 26 MINUTE 38 TELEVISION STUDIO "BRENTSTAR" BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 24,000.00 2009 DOCUMENTARIES ABOUT ETHNICAL MINORITIES OF BELARUS (GYPSY AND TATAR) PRODUCING AND DISTRIBUTING TWO 26 MINUTE 39 TELEVISION STUDIO "BRENTSTAR" BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 24,000.00 2009 DOCUMENTARIES ABOUT ETHNICAL MINORITIES OF BELARUS (LITHUANIAN AND RUSSIAN) CREATING PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN NGOS, PROFESSIONALS AND GOB OFFICIALS TO THE BELARUSIAN PUBLIC 40 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 23,856.00 2009 ACKNOWLEDGE HIPPOTHERAPY AS AN ASSOCIATION OF HORSE RI IMPORTANT TOOL FOR THE DISABLED WHOSE RIGHTS I WORLD RELIEF CORPORATION AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 41 USA 391,667.00 2009 INCREMENTAL FUNDING: MOD #2 (WRC) DEVELOPMENT (USAID) TO ASSIST YOUNG PEOPLE TO DEVELOP THEIR YOUTH PUBLIC ASSOCIATION "ABC CREATIVITY AND SOCIAL ACTIVISM VIA THEIR 42 BLR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 22,715.00 2009 ENTREPRENEURSHI EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF NATIONAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION AND ENTREPR AMERICAN CENTER FOR MOBILIZING YOUTH AND WOMEN TO SUPPORT 43 USA DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 415,840.00 2010 INTERNATIONAL LABOR SOLID YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CAMPAIGNS ASSISTING THE RECIPIENT IN CONDUCTING THE AMERICAN COUNCILS FOR OPPORTUNITY INITIATIVES GRANT PROGRAM IN 44 USA DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 16,645.00 2010 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION BELARUS. THE OPPORTUNITY INITIATIVE GRANT PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDING THE RECIPIENT WITH FUNDS TO AMERICAN COUNCILS FOR SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL ADVISING ACTIVITIES ? 45 USA DEPARTMENT OF STATE (DOS) 2,080.00 2010 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION BELARUS EAC. FUNDING DESIGNATED FOR EAC- BELARUS WILL BE USED FOR THE TO
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    LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 21 2017 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 1–30 THE MODERNISATION OF THE COURT SYSTEM IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA: CHANGES TO THE ORGANISATION OF THE LOCAL DISTRICT COURTS AND REGULATION OF JUDGES’ DUTIES IN 1764–1793 Ramunė Šmigelskytė-Stukienė (Lithuanian Institute of History) ABSTRACT In the mid-18th century, with the spread of the ideas of the Enlightenment, fundamental reforms of the state’s governance were introduced in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Part of the state’s modernisation concerned the reform of the court system, considered by 18th-century politi- cal theorists to be one of the composite branches of the state administration (alongside the treasury, the police and the army). During the reign of Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski, the work of the courts of first instance underwent reform on several occasions in Poland and Lithuania: with the passing of laws in 1764, 1792 and 1793 on the structure and organisation of the activities of the castle and land courts, the existing court system was changed, as was the procedure for electing judges, also defining the scope of competency of the courts, regulating court activities and the duties of judges, introducing new requirements for the handling of court procedural documents, and the calculation of judges’ working hours. During the course of the introduction of these reforms, principles reflecting the administrative ideas of the Enlighten- ment were gradually entrenched in the court system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which concerned the election of judges and other court of- ficials, the acceptance of collegial decisions, the elimination of the influence of any blood and marital ties, and the principles for remuneration, seeking to introduce stricter requirements for the qualification of judges.