2006 SUMMARY OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH
A Report of Activities during 2005 This report is part of the larger 2006 Summary of Engineering Research, available on the Web at www.engr.uiuc.edu/research and on CD- ROM. The Summary of Engineering Research represents the extensive engineering research program conducted in 2005 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Detailed statistics about research in the College of Engineering are included in the Directory of Engineering and Engineering Technology Programs and Research, published by the American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, D.C. How to use the Summary of Engineering Research: Research projects are listed by title, followed by the names of the investigators and the sponsoring agencies. Projects are sorted by major topic areas. Project descriptions are brief. Additional information on each project may be obtained from the investigator in charge (denoted by an asterisk). Mailing addresses are provided on the introductory page. How to obtain publications: Please consult academic and public libraries for the journal articles, papers, and books listed in this report. Information about technical reports is available from the Engineering Documents Center, Grainger Engineering Library Information Center, 1301 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. To search the center's collection on the Internet, please visit the website at search.grainger.uiuc.edu/top. Copies of theses can be found at the University of Illinois Library, www.library.uiuc.edu, or may be purchased from University Microfilms, 300 Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA, www.umi.com. The 2006 Summary of Engineering Research is produced by the Office of Engineering Communications, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Tina M. Prow: Editor and Coordinator Peggy Currid: Freelance Editor, Publications Sections Jim Vattano: Graphic Designer Thomas G. Habing: Research Programmer, Grainger Engineering Library Information Center William H. Mischo: Engineering Librarian, Grainger Engineering Library Information Center Please send queries and comments about the 2006 Summary of Engineering Research to the Engineering Communications Office, 303 Engineering Hall, MC-266, 1308 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, or email [email protected]. Abbreviation key for College of Engineering departments and major labs: • Advanced Transportation Research and Engineering Laboratory (ATREL) • Aerospace Engineering (Aerosp. Engr.) • Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Ag. & Biol. Engr.) • Bioengineering (Bioengr.) • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Chem. & Biomol. Engr.) • Civil and Environmental Engineering (Civil & Environ. Engr.) • Computer Science (Comput. Sci.) • Coordinated Science Laboratory (CSL) • Electrical and Computer Engineering (Elect. & Comput. Engr.) • Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory (FS-MRL) • General Engineering (Gen. Engr.) or Industrial & Enterprise Systems Engineering (Indus. & Enter. Syst. Engr.)* • Materials Science and Engineering (Mat. Sci. & Engr.) • Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Mech. & Indus. Engr.) or Mechanical Science and Engineering (Mech. Sci. & Engr.)* • Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MNTL) • Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering (Nucl., Plasma, & Radiol. Engr.) • Physics • Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.)* *In August 2006, the Industrial Engineering program was merged with the General Engineering Department, which became the Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering Department. The Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Department merged with the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, which became the Mechanical Science and Engineering Department. Please check department links at www.engr.uiuc.edu for current faculty lists.
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is an equal opportunity and affirmative action institution. © 2006 Electrical and Computer Engineering
R. E. Blahut, Head S. G. Bishop, S. A. Hutchinson, Associate Heads Faculty and Their Interests 155 William L. Everitt Laboratory Ilesanmi Adesida 1406 W. Green St. Electronic and transport properties of ultra-low MC-702 dimensional semiconductor structures, advanced Urbana, IL 61801-2991 processing methods for electronic devices, high-speed 217-333-2300 optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits, radiation http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/ effects Research in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering serves two main purposes. The generation of Narendra Ahuja new fundamental knowledge is a primary function. Of Computer vision, robotics, image processing, sensors, equal importance is the education of graduate students who pattern recognition, virtual environments, intelligent participate in research and contribute to the advancement interfaces of knowledge through their thesis research. The research programs described here provide facilities and support for Jont Allen graduate students and enable them to pursue their advanced Speech recognition based on the articulation index and study. aspects of information theory Another important function of research is the continuing development of the faculty members. A Tamer Basar forward-looking undergraduate program depends upon the Information technology research; control over wired and existence of a strong graduate program and the presence of wireless networks; robust identification and control; excellent faculty members who are leaders in their dynamic games and stochastic teams; nonlinear and respective fields. adaptive robust control; decentralized detection and Research in electrical and computer engineering at the estimation; routing, pricing, and congestion control; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign encompasses modeling and control of communication networks; mobile a broad spectrum of areas that reflect the wide range of computing; incentive mechanisms through pricing; neural interest and expertise of the faculty, as illustrated by the networks-based identification and control; applications of number and diversity of the research projects denoted in control and game theory in economics the following pages. Almost all of the faculty members in the department are engaged in research and many conduct Tangul Basar research in interdisciplinary programs and hold joint Optimum transmitter-receiver design in communication appointments in other departments and interdisciplinary systems, spread spectrum communication system, laboratories. More than 550 graduate students and many jamming problems in information transmission, minima undergraduates assist in this research effort. stochastic optimization problems with applications in Support for this research is provided by contracts and communication systems, mobile radio systems grants from several agencies of the federal government as well as from industrial sources. Other departments and James Beauchamp, Emeritus laboratories in which the department's faculty hold affiliate Use of computers for music synthesis, determination of status and are engaged in interdisciplinary research include sound synthesis models based on spectral analysis of Bioengineering; Computer Science; General Engineering; musical instrument sounds, musical timbre perception, Materials Science and Engineering; Nuclear, Plasma, and detection of musical pitch, musical sound source Radiological Engineering; Physics; the Coordinated separation, and automatic transcription from acoustic Science Laboratory; the Frederick Seitz Materials recordings Research Laboratory; the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory; and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.
1 Jennifer Bernhard Scott Carney Reconfigurable active and passive antennas, phased array Optical physics, including imaging, near-field microscopy, antennas, wireless sensor systems classical and quantum coherence theory, beam propagation, fundamental issues of energy conservation, Stephen G. Bishop mathematical methods in inverse scattering and the Optical and electrical characterization of crystalline and propagation of light amorphous semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures, compound semiconductors: GaAs, InP, Nicholas Carter AlGaAs, ZnSe, SiC, defects in semiconductors, Architectures that combine programmable processors and isoelectronic defects, rare earth-doped chalcogenide reconfigurable logic, computing using nanotech devices, glasses and GaN. Experimental techniques: design techniques to integrate computation and sensing photoluminescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, magneto-optics, photoemission, infrared Patrick Chapman spectroscopy Power electronics, electric drives, vibrations in electromechanical systems, monolithic integrated power Richard Blahut circuits, numerical magnetic modeling, biomechanical Communications, signal processing, information theory, energy conversion optical recording Keh-Yung Cheng Stephen Boppart Molecular beam epitaxy technology, optoelectronic Optical biomedical imaging, molecular imaging, lasers in integrated circuits, high speed devices, in situ fabrication medicine and biology, optical coherence tomography, of nanostructures, quantum wire lasers, vertical cavity image-guided surgery, medical engineering, optical surface emitting lasers, Sb-based IR detectors and diagnostics of cancer electronic devices
Yoram Bresler Weng C. Chew Biomedical imaging systems; statistical signal and image Electromagnetics: wave propagation in inhomogeneous processing; inverse problems; statistical pattern media, microwave integrated circuits, microstrip antennas, recognition; sensor-array processing and fast algorithms for radiation scattering, low frequency electromagnetics, and layered media; parallelization of fast Donna J. Brown algorithms; inverse scattering, imaging, and physics-based Asynchronous learning technologies and environments; signal processing WWW-based education; VLSI placement and routing; parallel and distributed algorithms and architectures; Yun Chiu analysis and design of algorithms, with a particular interest Integrated circuits, VLSI signal processing, device in approximation algorithms; graph theory modeling and CAD, wire-line and wireless communications Marie-Christine Brunet Numerical algorithms, parallel computing
Andreas Cangellaris Numerical techniques for electromagnetic modeling and simulation, microwave circuit design, speed VLSI interconnects, electronic packaging, electromagnetic computer-aided design for high-speed digital and RF/ microwave electronics, antenna modeling, optoelectronic interconnects, electromagnetic modeling for nonlinear optics
2 Hyungsoo Choi James G. Eden Precursors for nanoscale materials synthesis, including Ultraviolet and visible lasers and laser spectroscopy, syntheses and development of tailored organometallic, microcavity plasma devices and arrays, micro- and inorganic, and polymeric precursors; thin film and nanophotonic resonators; optical physics, including nanoparticle fabrication, including thin films, micro- and femtosecond laser spectroscopy and technology, and the nanoparticles, and nanowires/tubes via sol-gel processing, interaction of intense optical fields with matter, laser charged liquid cluster beam (CLCB) deposition, chemical magnetometry vapor deposition (CVD), chemical solution deposition (CSD), and precision particle fabrication (PPF) Milton Feng technology; electronic and optical materials, including High-speed devices and ICs for wireless and light emitting fabrication of electronic, optical, and magnetic materials transistors for optoelectronics (optoelectronic IC), for various devices involving thin films, micro- and monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC, digital IC, nanoparticles, nanowires/tubes of metals, metal nitrides high field transport properties, RF-MEMS for wireless and oxides utilizing their electronic, optical, communications, advanced Si-CMOS device physics optoelectronic, and magnetic properties; bimaterials, including fabrication of micro- and nanospheres/capsules Matthew Frank of biodegradable/compatible materials for advances drug Computer system architecture, parallel computing, delivery and tissue engineering program analysis, concurrency control, online algorithms
Kent Choquette Patricia Franke Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), micro- Atmospheric dynamics, including the dynamics and and nanocavity lasers, optoelectronic devices, selective thermodynamics of the upper atmosphere through data oxidation of compound semiconductors, hybrid analysis of radar and lidar data and through the numerical heterogenous integration, nanoprocessing fabrication, simulations of different types of flow; radar and optical photonic crystal materials, Si-based optoelectronics remote sensing of the upper atmosphere; computational electromagnetics, application of finite difference time Shun L. Chuang domain techniques to the problems of radar backscatter Optoelectronics, semiconductor lasers, modulators, from turbulent regions of the neutral atmosphere and the photodetectors, photonics, quantum electronics, fiber ionosphere and application of different numerical methods optical sensors, electromagnetics and parallel computing for computationally demanding problems; computational fluid dynamics Todd P. Coleman Wireless networks, information theory, operations, Steven J. Franke research, computational neuroscience Development and application of radar and signal processing techniques for remote sensing in the middle and James J. Coleman upper atmosphere; application of tomographic imaging to Semiconductor lasers, optoelectronics, epitaxial growth the middle and upper atmosphere using arrays of ground- based sensors and low-earth orbit satellites; low-power Brian Cunningham wireless RF communications; high efficiency linear power Nanotechnology, photonic crystals, biosensors, micro/ amplifiers for RF communications and radar applications nanofabrication methods and materials detection instrumentation Leon A. Frizzell Ultrasonic biophysics, ultrasonic bioengineering Minh Do Image and multidimensional signal processing, wavelets, Chester S. Gardner imaging, multiscale geometric analysis, visual information Optical communication, laser altimetry, laser remote representation sensing and ranging, laser guide stars, adaptive optics
3 George Gross Seth Hutchinson Electricity planning and analysis, power system Robotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence operations, competitive electricity markets and auction mechanisms, transmission services and pricing, ancillary Wen-Mei Hwu services, congestions management, reliability and security, Architecture, compilation and microarchitecture of high energy policy and economics, restructuring of the performance parallel computer systems electricity business Ravishankar K. Iyer Christoforos Hadjicostis Design and evaluation of reliable and secure networks and Systems and control, error control coding, fault diagnosis systems, computer measurement and modeling, and tolerance in dynamic systems, testing and verification, dependability and security validation and benchmarking discrete event systems, algebraic systems, coding and graph theory Kanti Jain Microelectronic, optoelectronic, microsystem and Bruce E. Hajek biophotonic devices; novel micro and nanofabrication Communication networks information theory, computer technologies networks stochastic analysis, optimization wireless communication Jianming Jin Computational electromagnetics, finite element methods, Mark Hasegawa-Johnson electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonance Acoustic phonetics, audio signal processing and speech imaging, wave scattering and propagation, recognition, speech and auditory physiology electromagnetic interference and compatibility, microwave and millimeter wave circuits, antennas and Karl Hess electromagnetic theory Hot carriers in semiconductors, electronic transport in heterojunction structures and superlattices, numerical Douglas L. Jones simulation of semiconductor devices (supercomputing Digital signal processing, time-varying and time- applications), quantum transport in mesoscopic systems, frequency analysis, signal processing for communications, laser diode simulation, molecular and electron binaural hearing aids, signal processing for MEMS nanostructures, theory and simulation, deuterium processing and MOS reliability, quantum computing, Farzad Kamalabadi theorem of Bell Remote sensing and imaging, multidimensional signal and image processing, signal reconstruction and tomography, Nick Holonyak, Jr. ionospheric and space physics Semiconductors, semiconductor device physics, semiconductor crystal growth and junction formation, Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim diffused Si devices, SCRs, TRIACs, double injection, Growth of GaN-based compound semiconductors and luminescence, light emitting diodes (LEDs), fabrication of optoelectronic and electronic devices using heterojunctions, lasers, tunnel diodes, compound plasma-assisted MBE; plasma-arc-driven electromagnetic semiconductors, quantum well heterostructures, railgun for fueling of plasma devices; charged liquid superlattices, quantum well lasers, impurity-induced layer cluster beam generation and application to thin film disordering, Al-based III-V native oxides and their use in deposition, micropattern generation, and nanoparticle heterostructures devices fabrication; generation of solid and hollow, charged and neutral, monodisperse, micro- and nanospheres for Kuang C. Hsieh biomedical and other applications; plasma display panels; Semiconductor materials/devices processing and development of novel thin film deposition techniques characterization using plasmas, charged particles, electrostatic spraying, and their combinations with other techniques; MEMS and Thomas S. Huang sensors; ionized source (cluster) beam deposition for low- Image processing, image compression, computer vision, temperature growth of high-quality films; inertial human computer interaction, image and video databases confinement fusion targets
4 Ralf Koetter Steven Lumetta Practical and theoretical aspects of coding theory, Optical network architecture, computer architecture, complexity, algorithms, communication systems, cluster computing, parallel computing, user-level networks communication, validation and reliability
Philip T. Krein Joseph W. Lyding Power electronics, electric machinery and Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, STM- electromechanics, electric and hybrid vehicle systems based nanolithography and nanofabrication, silicon-based molecular electronics, carbon nanotubes and carbon-based Erhan Kudeki nanotechnology merged with silicon, growth of 3-D silicon Radar remote sensing; atmospheric winds, waves, and nanostructures, deuterium processing and hot electron turbulence; ionospheric plasma instabilities; incoherent degradation in semiconductor devices, atomically precise scatter electric field measurements; midlatitude field dopant mapping, cross-sectional STM of semiconductor aligned irregularities and meteor trails heterostructures, oxide silicon interface mapping, carbon nanotube purification P. R. Kumar Wireless networks, sensor networks, convergence of Yi Ma control, communication and computation, semiconductor Computer vision, including multiple view geometry, manufacturing, manufacturing systems, machine learning, structure from motion, dynamic vision, real-time tracking, adaptive systems, control, stochastic systems and active vision; systems theory, including geometric nonlinear control, hybrid systems, vision-based robotic Jean-Pierre Leburton control and navigation Theory of semiconductor devices, modeling and simulation of nanostructures, electronic and optical Jonathan Makela properties of heterostructures and low dimensional Ionospheric physics, especially irregularities at low- and systems, transport in quantum structures, electronic mid-latitudes and their effects on trans-ionospheric properties, charging effects in quantum dots and satellite signals, response of the Earth's ionosphere to nanocrystals, spin effects in nanostructures, quantum geomagnetic storms; optical and radio remote sensing computation and quantum information processing, nano- techniques from ground- and satellite-based platforms bio-electronics Sean Meyn Stephen Levinson Optimal control, Markov processes (with or without Speech processing, language acquisition, natural language control), stochastic approximation and adaptive control, understanding, speech synthesis reinforcement learning and simulation, spectral theory and large deviations, information theory, stochastic networks Zhi-Pei Liang Magnetic resonance imaging, pattern recognition, Eric Michielssen statistical learning, bioinformatics Computational electromagnetics, fast integral equation- based solvers algorithms in both the frequency and time Daniel Liberzon domains, and robust design paradigms; analysis and design Nonlinear control theory, analysis and synthesis of hybrid of electromagnetic and optical systems (antennas, filters, dynamical systems, systems with imprecise measurements interconnects, platform, terrain, plasmonic devices, and so and/or modeling uncertainty, stochastic differential forth) equations and control Pierre Moulin Chang Liu Image and video processing, compression, statistical signal MEMS, microsensors, microintegrated fluidics systems, processing, information hiding, information theory MEMS for nanotechnology, wireless interface for sensors, sensitive skin David Nicol Cyber-security, modeling and analysis of computer and Michael C. Loui communications systems, high performance simulation, Computational complexity theory, ethics in engineering parallel processing and computing, scholarship of teaching and learning
5 Burks Oakley II Umberto Ravaioli Applications of computer-aided learning in the Monte Carlo simulation of high speed electronic devices; undergraduate engineering curriculum numerical methods for semiconductor device simulation; quantum devices; supercomputation and visualization; William D. O'Brien, Jr. reliability of MOS devices; micro- and nano-electro- Ultrasonic biophysics and bioeffects, acoustic microscopy, mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); charge transport ultrasonic bioengineering, ultrasonic dosimetry, ultrasonic in biological systems (ionic channels); properties of carbon tissue characterization, acoustic imaging techniques nanotubes
Michael L. Oelze Elyse Rosenbaum Ultrasound, including backscatter microscopy, Design of ESD-protected RFICs, modeling and simulation quantitative imaging, computed tomography; use of of ESD protection circuits, silicon-on-insulator, design of ultrasound for cancer diagnosis and therapy; bioeffects of very high speed I/Os, gate oxide reliability ultrasound; sonoporation; coded excitation and ultrasound William Sanders Thomas Overbye Dependability, security, and performance evaluation; Power systems operation and control, power system intrusion- and fault-tolerant systems; reliable and secure stability, power system analysis by computer methods, distributed systems power system visualization Dilip V. Sarwate Mangalore A. Pai Communications, coding theory, spread-spectrum Power system stability, dynamic security of power communications, design of algorithms systems, model reduction in power systems, iterative solver techniques in power system computations, voltage Peter W. Sauer stability, impact of distributed generation in power systems Electric machinery modeling, analysis and control, power system dynamic modeling and simulation, power system Sanjay Patel stability Computer architecture, microarchitecture, high- performance and reliable computer systems, the Jose Schutt-Aine implications of future generation applications and Electronic packaging, microwave theory and implementation technologies on systems design measurements, and digital circuit modeling, including integration of modeling and simulation tools, high- Janak H. Patel performance computation for simulation of packages, VLSI testing and testability, VLSI design automation applications of V-shaped transmission lines
William R. Perkins Naresh Shanbhag Control systems, system theory, sensitivity theory and Design and VLSI implementation of low-power, high- robust control, large-scale dynamic systems performance multimedia digital signal processing and communications systems, noise-tolerant deep submicron Constantine D. Polychronopoulos VLSI systems, fundamental bounds on efficiency of VLSI Parallelizing/optimizing compilers for multithreaded information processing systems, power-aware architectures, program restructuring and optimization; reconfigurable DSP systems, low-power DSP and circuits, code generation and optimization for superscalar DSP and communication system design, digital ASIC processors; parallel programming languages; design environments for parallel programming; partitioning, scheduling, and run-time environments for parallel Yoshihisa Shinagawa computers; multiprocessor operating systems with Computer graphics, vision, and its applications multithreading support; parallel computer architectures; performance evaluation of parallel architectures Andrew Singer Statistical signal processing, communications, machine N. N. Rao learning, data compression, sonar/lidar/optical signal Ionospheric propagation, radiolocation processing
6 Mark W. Spong Venu Veeravalli Nonlinear control theory, robotics, mechatronics, Distributed wireless sensor systems, wireless packet data networked control systems, teleoperation, bipedal networks, channel modeling for wideband multiantenna locomotion wireless systems, information theory for wireless communications, wireless code division multiple access Rayadurgam Srikant (CDMA) systems, radio resource management for wireless Internet, wireless networks, sensor networks, game theory, networks, decentralized dynamic decision making, queueuing theory, information theory sequential multihypothesis testing and change-point detection Gary Swenson Remote sensing of the atmosphere from ground-based, Pramod Viswanath aircraft, and spacecraft using optical methods; space Communication theory, wireless communication, environment issues with a particular emphasis on information theory, communication networks spacecraft glows Benjamin W. Wah Gregory Timp Nonlinear optimization, parallel processing, distributed Fabrication, development, and characterization of the processing, artificial intelligence, computer networks, performance of silicon MOS nanotransistors to discover multimedia signal processing the fundamental limitations of the silicon MOSFET; atomic physics and light pressure forces on single atoms Andrew Webb for lithography applications; mesoscopic and RF coil design, functional imaging agents, magnetic nanostructure physics, including measurement of the low resonance microcoils, thermal mapping using MRI, temperature transport characteristics of high electron functional magnetic resonance imaging mobility transistors that resemble electron waveguides Hopping (thermally-assisted tunneling) conductivity of Bruce C. Wheeler localized electrons in a two dimensional impurity band Analysis of multichannel neural signals, microminiature formed in the inversion layer of a silicon metal-oxide- sensors for neural recording, algorithms for enhanced semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET); the effect hearing aids, patterned growth of neurons of superlattices on lattice-dynamical properties of graphite intercolation compounds using Raman scattering, Martin Wong extremely high field magnetoresistors, Schubinkov- Computer-aided design of VLSI, design for deHaas effect (using high resolution microscopy), high manufacturing, routing for high-speed packaging, field- resolution x-ray scattering; nanometer-scale lithography to programmable systems, design and analysis of algorithms, probe biological function combinatorial optimization
Timothy N. Trick, Emeritus Jianhua (David) Zhang Computer-aided analysis and design of circuits, computer- Lasers and laser spectroscopy, electromagnetics, plasma based education diagnostics, optics, cryogenics, electric and electronic circuits John Tucker Metal silicide source/drain MOS transistors at ~10nm gate length, atom-scale electron devices made by STM patterning of donors in silicon, nanoscale architectures
Nitin Vaidya Wireless networking, mobile computing, fault-tolerant computing
7 sequences nonstationary, the goal is local rather than global Advanced Automation spatiotemporal modeling. The applicability of the models being developed extends beyond video, to a variety of Acquisition, Compression and Interpolation of multivariate, multidimensional data encountered in Panoramic Stereo Images of a Scene for Remote everyday life. Walkthroughs N. Ahuja,* Y. Shinagawa,* M. Maitre, A. Jagmohan Machine Vision for Improved Safety Inspection of [email protected] Railcars National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25523 N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* A. Kumar [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Transportation Research Board This project is aimed at producing novel images of a scene It is vital to rail safety to ensure that critical mechanical from arbitrary new viewpoints using a sparse set of components are in good working order at all times. panoramic snapshots or sample images of the scene. The However, currently much of inspectors’ time is expended samples are taken from a relatively small number of inspecting items that are in good working order. This strategically placed cameras. A major application and project is aimed at the development of a machine vision evaluation testbed of the proposed work is to enable system for wayside automatic inspection of railcars, using walkthroughs of a 3-D scene by generating the images of an advanced camera system that images each railcar truck the scene along a trajectory chosen by a remote user as a train passes by, and then using machine vision dynamically. algorithms to analyze these images for detecting worn or Automated Visual Learning of Safety Appliances on defective components. Railcars Machine-Vision Based Assessment of Intermodal N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, C. B. Liu Railroad Loading Patterns [email protected] N. Ahuja,* C. Barkan,* J. M. Hart, S. Todorovic, American Association for Railroads P. Vemuru Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] Burlington Northern Santa Fe This project is aimed at the development of visual learning techniques and their implementation for automatic Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory checking of the state of safety appliances on a moving train. This project is the design and implementation of a This consists of the following stages: acquisition of images computer vision system for automatic assessment of the of railcars for inspection of the safety appliances located loading pattern of trains passing by a wayside monitoring on the railcar sides; identification of image characteristics station. The research is concerned with the following major associated with the health of the safety appliances; areas: development of algorithms for automatic inspection identification of types of models useful to represent the of double stack railcars, identification of advanced imaging railcar appearance when the safety appliances are in sensors to enhance algorithm performance, field testing of satisfactory condition, and if necessary, to represent the algorithms and sensors, and the development of a field unsatisfactory condition as well; application of models to deployable wayside system to demonstrate a proof of learn the descriptions of safe and unsafe appliances; and concept. The system needs to have the following application of the results of learning to railcar capabilities: to image parts of a moving train, to identify classification. specific double stack cards in the train, to analyze key Globally Coordinated Locally Linear Models portions of these images to detect the presence or absence N. Ahuja,* H. Arora, A. Briassouli of loaded containers, and to detect occurrences of double [email protected] stack loading. Office of Naval Research This project is aimed at modeling spatiotemporal variations in video sequences such as variations in raw color values, as well as certain functions computed on these values. Since an arbitrary scene consists of distinct objects occupying different parts at different times, making video
* Denotes principal investigator.
8 Next-Generation RFID Systems: People and Object Real-Time Path Planning in Changing Environments Tracking for Homeland Security Applications S. Hutchinson* N. Ahuja,* J. Bernard, * G. Horn, R. Jaehne,* National Science Foundation V. Kindratenko,* S. Patel,* N. Vaidya,* T. Yu, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory B. Ghanem [email protected] New methods are proposed to generate collision-free paths University of Illinois for robots that operate in environments that change over time. The proposed approach is related to recent This project is aimed at developing methods for tracking probabilistic roadmap approaches. These planners use and localization of people in buildings. A central feature preprocessing and query stages and are aimed at planning of the proposed work is the use of Radio Frequency many times in the same environment. In contrast, the Identification (RFID) tags. Current RFID technology has preprocessing stage for this research creates a inadequate reliability, particularly for homeland security representation of the configuration space that can be easily applications. The goal of this project to pursue research on modified in real-time to account for changes in the next-generation RFID systems, in collaboration with environment. As with previous approaches, the proposed application domain experts at the Illinois Fire Service approach began by constructing a roadmap in the Institute, e.g., to help firefighters and other first responders configuration space, but this roadmap is not constructed for do their jobs more effectively. a specific workspace. Instead, it is constructed for an Recognition and Contents-Based Retrieval of Hand obstacle-free workspace, and the mapping from workspace Gestures from Video cells to nodes and arcs in the roadmap is encoded. When N. Ahuja,* A. Briassouli, A. Sehgal the environment changes, this mapping is used to make the [email protected] appropriate modifications to the roadmap, and plans can be U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-03-1-0107 generated by searching the modified roadmap. At the heart of the method is the encoding for mapping workspace Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory obstacles to configuration space obstacles. To make the This project is concerned with recognition of scenes from proposed approach truly viable, a major component of the the spatiotemporal structure of the video data. Trajectories proposed research will focus on robustness and complexity of scene contents seen in the video sequence are used as issues. These issues will be addressed by using tools from the basis for this purpose. Objects are characterized by their the fields of image processing, information theory, graph spectral properties as well as temporal behavior. Such theory, computational geometry, and incremental representations are used for information access as well as algorithms. for recognition using such methods as support vector machines. Advanced Processing and Circuits Scale Dependent Processing of Clustered Sensory Signals AlGan/GaN HFET Fabrication and Characterization N. Ahuja,* A. Feng,* M. Nelson,* C. Gao, H. Arora I. Adesida,* V. Kumar, A. Kuliev [email protected] Triquint Corporation National Science Foundation, NSF IBN 04-22073 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project involves a collaboration with Triquint The broad objective of this proposal is to understand the Corporation on the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HFETs. computational algorithms used by animals to extract Technologies for the fabrication of the HFETs will be individual signals that are embedded in a cluster of similar developed. signals. Our major hypotheses are: that characteristics of the received signal and the separability of individual components will vary as a function of distance from the cluster; that computational algorithms for detection, localization, and identification should reflect these scale- dependent changes; and that motor strategies and sensory filtering properties should be adaptively adjusted when processing sensory signals at different distance scales.
* Denotes principal investigator.
9 Gallium Nitride Optoelectronics Silicon-Germanium Modulation-doped Field Effect I. Adesida,* L. Zhou Transistors Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, I. Adesida,* K. Ismail* DAAD19-99-1-0011 National Science Foundation, ECS 97-10418 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project focuses on experimental issues for the This collaborative program with IBM Corp. is intended to fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices and circuits in significantly advance the growth and fabrication gallium nitride and related materials. UV detectors, field technologies for SiGe/Si modulation-doped field effect effect transistors, and heterojunction bipolar transistors transistors (MODFETs) needed for low-power, high-speed will be investigated. Methods for integrating these devices microwave and digital applications. Specific goals are to will also be explored. study the physics of short gate-length p-type, n-type, and complementary MODFETs and to demonstrate simple Porous GaN: Production, Characterization, and circuits. Applications I. Adesida,* P. Bohn,* X. Li,* S. Kim Ultra-High-Power GaN Power Amplifier at X-Band U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1 I. Adesida,* W. Lu, D. Selvanathan Air Force; TRW Corporation Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This program involves the generation and characterization of porous GaN and SiC for applications in growth of high This collaborative project with TRW Corporation is to quality epitaxial layers. Matrices with dimensions down to fabricate an ultra-high-power GaN-based HFET amplifier 50 nm are to be achieved for the porous materials. on SiC at X-Band. Various processing techniques for GaN will be developed as part of this project. Processing of Gallium Nitride and Related Compounds I. Adesida,* L. Zhou, F. Khan ATMI/Air Force Aeronomy Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Engineering Services and Utilities for ST Radar This program consists of the development of viable Operation at the Sidney Field Station processing methods for gallium nitride and related E. Kudeki,* S. Henson compounds. A systematic study of etching techniques, National Science Foundation; SBC Utah State University ohmic contact formation, and other metallizations will be Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory conducted and applied to devices. This grant concerns the operation of an ST radar at the Resonant Enhanced Modulators university's Sidney Field Station. Tropospheric and I. Adesida,* S. Rommel stratospheric wind, reflectivity, and aspect sensitivity Air Force; Sarnoff Corporation measurements to be conducted with the Sidney radar will Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory complement similar measurements conducted by similar This is a collaborative program with Sarnoff Corporation radars operated at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory on resonant enhanced modulators in InP-based and Bondville Field Station. The three-radar network will heterostructures. Waveguides with coupling rings are to be be used in correlative studies of atmospheric gravity wave fabricated and characterized in InP-heterostructures. High propagation in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere precision patterning using inductively coupled plasma as well as phenomena associated with the evolution and reactive ion etching and electron beam lithography will be dynamics of weather fronts. used in fabricating the modulators.
* Denotes principal investigator.
10 Engineering Services and Utilities for the Bondville obligations. We have documented the effect of an Field Station engineering ethics course on students' understandings of E. Kudeki,* S. Henson professional responsibility and potential for moral courage. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 52 Ethical Implications of Biases and Errors in RANR 100075 Geographic Information Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory M. C. Loui,* C Graeff University of Illinois Continuous operation of the FLATLAND ST (stratosphere-mesosphere) radar administered by NOAA Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory is maintained at the Bondville Field Station. The Geographical information systems combine traditional FLATLAND radar, operating at a frequency of 50 MHz, maps with additional data. The design and use of a has been designed to investigate the dynamics of the geographic information system (GIS) can introduce a atmosphere above a plain area with insignificant variety of biases and errors. We identified and classified orographical forcing. The routinely measured reflectivity biases and errors in GIS data that arise inevitably from profiles and Doppler spectra are collected in a NOAA limits on the accuracy of gathered data, from limits on the database. Joint measurements with the Urbana Field precision of measuring instruments and display Station MST radar are performed to investigate the technologies, and from the combination of data in horizontal scale lengths of atmospheric gravity waves and incompatible formats from multiple sources. We explained to follow the transit of weather fronts. how designers and users of a GIS can work with these Radar Studies of the Equatorial Ionosphere inherent biases and errors in a professionally responsible E. Kudeki,* E. Chapin, S. Bhattacharyya, J. Urbina way. National Science Foundation, ATM 90-22400 National Institute for Engineering Ethics Video Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Project: A Sequel to Gilbane Gold M. Loui,* W. Lawson, S. Nichol, J. Smith, P. Ulmer, The 50 MHz Jicamarca Radio Observatory located near V. Weil Lima, Peru, is used to investigate the structure and National Science Foundation, SES-0138309 dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. In the mesosphere ionospheric D region, investigations aim to resolve the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory internal structure of narrow echoing layers and determine We have developed a new video, "Incident at Morales," to the relevant scattering/reflection mechanisms. In the dramatize a fictional but realistic case study in engineering higher ionosphere, E- and F-region plasma drifts, ethics. The new video is directed to a broad audience, instabilities, and turbulence are under study. Current including engineering students, practicing engineers, and projects include efforts to quantify the anisotropies of others who work with engineers. It focuses on ethical equatorial plasma turbulence, obtain interferometric aspects of engineering decisions. Because of the images of plasma irregularity structures, and measure the globalization of the economy, the new video shows a case component of ionospheric drifts in the geomagnetic field in an international context. We are assessing the direction. Major research effort is dedicated to the pedagogical effectiveness of the video. refinement of radar techniques suitable for these studies. Studies in Algorithms and Complexity Theory M. Loui,* E. Echevarria, S. Pae, M. Roman, M. Rosulek Applied Computation Theory University of Illinois Development of Professional Identities of Engineering Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Students We studied the optimal generation of random numbers M. Loui,* G. Hashemiam using a discrete random source. When the source Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching distribution is unknown, we characterized the optimal Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory functions and showed that they can be computed efficiently. When the source distribution is unknown, we This project exhibits the development of students' proved that it is impossible to construct an optimal tree conceptions of themselves as professional engineers, algorithm recursively, using a model based on algebraic particularly their understandings of engineers' ethical decision trees. We proved that no circuit family can
* Denotes principal investigator.
11 approximate the permanent function unless the polynomial minimize the effects of grating lobes by varying the hierarchy collapses. We constructed a set that splits every spacing and size of the elements. NP-complete set into subsets that cannot be reduced to each Advanced Hearing Protection other unless P = NP. W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* C. R. Lansing, Y. Liu, X. Yin Student Misconceptions in an Introductory Digital [email protected] Logic Design Course U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, C. Zilles,* J. Longino, M. Loui F49620-03-1-0188 University of Illinois Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and in and Technology the Department of Computer Science The objective is to develop an understanding, based on first We are developing a concept inventory in digital logic principles, of the reception and conduction paths of very- design. We interviewed students who had taken an high-amplitude air-borne sound levels (about 150 dB) to introductory digital logic course to determine common the inner ear by soft and hard tissues in order to design an student misconceptions. Based on the interviews, we advanced hearing protector device. The computational developed and administered a prototype assessment tool. goal is to develop an acoustic propagation model using well understood and documented computational techniques that Bioacoustics will model propagated acoustic signals around and inside the human head. Modeling of acoustic diffraction around stationary and moving complex geometries will be Development of Intelligent Hearing Aid accomplished with finite-element analysis (FEA). This A. Feng* (Physiol.); D. L. Jones, B. C. Wheeler, model will take into consideration the effects of diffraction W. D. O'Brien; C. Lansing, of sound around the human head and the direction from R. Bilger (Speech & Hearing) which the sound has traveled from the acoustic source to Phonak, Inc. the human head. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Evaluation of Inertial Cavitation's Role in and Technology Sonoporation This project aims to refine binaural signal processing W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), algorithms for hearing aids so that they are suitable for real- M. M. Forbes (Bioengr.) time implementation in a commercial hearing aid. Also Internal Funds studied is wireless communication between hearing aids The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to and support devices located on the body. examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast High-Intensity Ultrasound for Prostate Treatment agent with ultrasound alters the cell membrane to large L. A. Frizzell,* J. S. Tan, G. M. Warren molecules. A significant problem in cancer therapy is the [email protected] compromised quality of life experienced by the patient due National Institutes of Health, CA81340; SBC Interscience to the side effects of the therapeutic compounds. Delivery Research, Inc. of molecular medicine to solid tumors is often inefficient and as a result, the patient’s healthy cells and tissues are Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science subject to the toxic effects of the drugs. Thus, it is important and Technology to develop approaches that deliver drugs to the appropriate In this study, ultrasound phased arrays are being developed cells within the patient in a way that is specific, efficient, for high intensity ultrasound treatment of prostate disease. and safe. One such method involves the use of ultrasound These arrays will allow electrical scanning of the focus and to enhance cell permeabilization. With this method it is will replace currently used transducers that must be possible, by using ultrasound and contrast microbubbles, mechanically scanned. The design will use a cylindrically to deliver therapeutic compounds noninvasively into shaped array with elements larger than a wavelength to specific target cells. keep the number of elements to a reasonable level and thereby reduce the cost and complexity of manufacture. The goal is to determine an optimal design that will
* Denotes principal investigator.
12 In Vivo Ultrasonic Microprobe for Tumor Diagnosis Novel Methods for Aberration Correction in Medical W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), Ultrasound D. L. Jones, M. A. Haun, M. L. Oelze W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* D. L. Jones,* M. A. Haun National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, University of Illinois Research Board CA079179 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology The objective is to develop aberration correction The objective of this interdisciplinary research program is techniques for medical ultrasound that will allow imaging to develop the basis for a fundamentally new sensor through any type of biological tissue, in the presence of technology for an in situ evaluation of solid tumors with large variations in the sound propagation speed. One the expectation of rapid and accurate detection and example of this would be ultrasound imaging and surgery diagnosis of cancer. The specific goal is to develop an in in the brain, which is impossible today because of skull- vivo ultrasonic microprobe sensor that operates at induced distortion. The interdisciplinary project ultrasound frequencies up to 300 MHz and image incorporates expertise in the areas of medical ultrasound resolution to 5 micrometers. With these sensor and imaging and signal processing. The project’s purpose is to conduct capabilities, research is scheduled to assess differences in the preliminary studies of a new ultrasonic imaging acoustic cytoarchitectural features of normal tissues from capability that would yield a significant improvement in neoplastic tissues at the cellular level. spatial resolution, an improvement that could be as much as a factor of 10 better than what is currently achievable. Inertial Cavitation and Neovascularization If this were accomplished, the diagnostic capability of W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), medical ultrasound would experience a significant M. L. Oelze, improvement. C. A. Johnson (Biophysics & Computl. Biol.), R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue Temperature Estimates During Diagnostic Ultrasound Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Exposures W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* J. F. Zachary (Pathobiol.), The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to T. A. Bigelow examine and characterize how the interaction of a contrast Beckman Institute Research Assistantship to T. A. Bigelow agent with ultrasound alters the expression of vascular growth factor molecules following capillary injury. The Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science generation of these data will allow for a more clear and Technology understanding of the safety issues surrounding the use of The goal is to develop a quantitative assessment of tissue ultrasound contrast agents to assess blood flow and temperature increase under in vivo and in utero ultrasound myocardial perfusion in human patients. Microbubble exposure conditions, thereby providing the capability for ultrasound contrast agents are valuable diagnostic tools for the medical professional to know the temperature increase, physicians, but their use must be considered in the context and hence the risk of the desired diagnostic exposure. Of of risk-benefit assessment for each patient. The medical particular importance is the heating near the developing significance of and long-term potential benefits from the cranial bone because heating of the developing brain tissue use of ultrasound contrast agents are clear; however, can result in long-term neurological disorders. There is a concerns related to their “safe use” have been raised fundamental trade-off between the improved diagnostic because of reports of microbubble ultrasound contrast capability and the resulting increased risk. The risk from agent-induced vascular injury. Currently, the medical a diagnostic ultrasound procedure is well understood by significance and pathogenesis of such phenomena are not medical professionals provided that the risk can be clearly understood. Because ultrasound contrast agents are appropriately identified and quantified. poised to be used to assess myocardial and skeletal muscle perfusion, the results of our study are an early step in developing an understanding of the primary bioeffects (injury) of ultrasound contrast agent on capillary beds of the heart and circulatory system.
* Denotes principal investigator.
13 Ultrasound Contrast Agents; Dynamic Physical a limited number of animal species. Thus, the emphasis of Behavior and Bioeffects the program is to conduct both experimental and theoretical W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* evaluations in order to develop a fundamental P. Laugier* (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for UMR C.N.R.S. 7623, Paris) producing lung damage and from this understanding University of Illinois-Centre National de Las Recherche provide a best-case extrapolation to the likelihood of Scientifique Collaborative Research Program similar damage in humans. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Biomaterials Characterization with High-Frequency and Technology Ultrasound Computed Tomography M. L. Oelze* The objective of the program is to develop a collaborative [email protected] interaction between the two research groups that will 3M Corporation investigate the physical interaction mechanisms between ultrasound and contrast agents. The two research programs Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science are the Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of The objective is to evaluate diffraction tomography Illinois and Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramètrique, algorithms applicable to soft tissue scattering, construct a Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, France. high-frequency ultrasound computed tomography Both research programs have contributed significantly to scanning device, and evaluate model biological systems for the capabilities of diagnostic imaging. During the last scanning. An ultrasound frequency of up to 100 MHz decade, ultrasonic contrast agents have provided clinical yielding resolution of 12 to 15 micrometers will be used. ultrasonic imaging with a new and powerful capability to Elastic properties of cell models, other kinds of tissues, and image structures not previously possible. These agents are synthetic biomaterials will be imaged and quantified. The made of small microbubbles (< 5 µm in diameter) that are high-resolution, quantitative information that the high- administered into the vascular system of the body to frequency ultrasound computed tomography device can enhance ultrasound image contrast. Ultrasound contrast yield will be beneficial for many kinds of research into agents are used as adjuncts in routine ultrasound properties and functioning of materials. evaluations to enhance sonographic contrast and thus increase the opportunity for early detection, diagnosis, and Tumor Diagnosis through Enhanced Ultrasound treatment of a variety of disease processes including heart Imaging disease and cancer. Concerns about the potential bioeffects M. L. Oelze,* J. F. Zachary (Vet. Pathobiol.), of inertial cavitation associated with the interaction of W. D. O'Brien, Jr. ultrasound with contrast agents in human beings have been [email protected] reported. The center topic involved in this cooperative National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, program between the two research programs is the F32CA96419 connection between bioeffects and the bubbles responses Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science to ultrasonic insonification. and Technology Ultrasound-Induced Lung Damage Assessment The objective is to develop and refine a fundamentally new W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* L. A. Frizzell; approach to enhance ultrasound imaging of biological J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), D. G. Simpson (Statistics), tissues by the quantification of tissue microstructure R. J. Miller, J. P. Blue through acoustic backscatter. This enhanced imaging [email protected] technique will then be adapted for real-time in situ clinical National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and diagnosis of solid tumors with the expectation of producing Blood Institute, HL58218 acoustic images that will provide an accurate diagnosis of Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science cancer. Use of enhanced ultrasound imaging is medically and Technology significant because it offers a quick and noninvasive means of detecting and classifying tumor types. The objective of this interdisciplinary research program is to evaluate a significant ultrasound-induced biological effect of lung tissue. It is known that diagnostic ultrasound exposure conditions can produce damage to lung tissue in
* Denotes principal investigator.
14 Development and Information Processing in 3-D molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity; and Patterned Neural Circuits functional correlates. B. C. Wheeler* A Database System for Neuronal Pattern Analysis [email protected] B. C. Wheeler, M. Gabriel,* W. T. Greenough; National Science Foundation J. Malpeli (Psychol.); M. Nelson, A. Feng; Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science R. Gillette (Physiol. & Biophys.) and Technology National Science Foundation, DBI 9116763 This is a subcontract from Georgia Tech University under Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science the group title "A 3-D Microfluidic/Electronic Neural and Technology Interface System: In Vitro Studies of Neural Networks, Neuronal pattern analysis documents the dynamic brain Plasticity and Injury," sponsored by the National Institutes processes of sensation, perception, learning, and cognition of Health Bioengineering Research Partnership Program. by recording the electrical activity of brain neurons. Recent The group proposal is to develop an instrumented three- advances in multiarray recording have greatly expanded dimensional neural culture system with optical, the rate at which these data can be obtained, making microfluidic, electrical, and electronic interfacing so that possible the study of dynamic intercorrelations in neuronal experimenters may develop a more sophisticated model of networks. Computational modeling has fostered major how the brain works. The University of Illinois effort is to increments in data processing requirements, which call for extend currently successful two-dimensional patterning parallel development of adequate database systems for technology to three dimensions and to evaluate the organization, rapid access, and sharing of these data. This predicted increase in the functionality and health of the work establishes a database system for time series neurons. neurophysiological data recorded by the Neuronal Pattern Information Processing in Designed Neuronal Circuits Analysis Group at the Beckman Institute for Advanced B. C. Wheeler,* G. J. Brewer (S. Ill. Univ. Med. School) Science and Technology, carried out with collaboration [email protected] from the National Center for Supercomputing National Science Foundation, EIA 0130828 Applications. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Novel 3-D Histologic Methodology to Identify and Technology Ultrasound Scattering Sites in Tissue J. F. Zachary* (Pathobiol.), W. D. O'Brien, Jr.,* This research aims to design and grow neuronal networks J. Mamou, M. L. Oelze from living neurons in patterns with micrometer resolution. [email protected] Further, the networks will be grown on microelectrode University of Illinois Research Board arrays so that they can be stimulated and recorded electrically. Finally, the coding, computational, and Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science learning principles for these networks will be studied. and Technology Physical Exercise, Mental Activity, and Brain Plasticity The objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to B. C. Wheeler,* W. T. Greenough* (Psychol.) quantify microscopic tissue structures responsible for [email protected] ultrasound scattering. It is, in part, these microscopic tissue National Institutes of Health, PHS 2R01 AG10154-07 structures that pathologists use to diagnose disease. Our hypothesis is that tissue microstructure (e.g., size, shape, Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science concentration, and ultrasonic properties) of pathologic and Technology tissue (e.g., solid tumors) is measurably different from that Researchers propose to use morphological and of the surrounding healthy tissues, thus providing image morphometric, electrophysiological, contrast. The approach is to construct 3-D microscopic immunocytochemical, and behavioral methods in mature tissue models from normal and pathologic tissues, and adult and aging cerebellar cortex to determine which from these computational phantoms, compare the synapse and neuron types in cerebellar cortex exhibit theoretical ultrasound scattering from 3-D acoustic plasticity in response to learning and to physical exercise; impedance maps with experimental scattering results. which nonneuronal elements exhibit plasticity; the
* Denotes principal investigator.
15 Circuits provide data rates in excess of 10 Gb/s at a BER less than 10-15, per-channel power consumption less than 100 mW, and a 3-KV HBM-ESD protection level. An Integrated Design Methodology for Low-Power DSP and Communications Systems Algorithms and VLSI Architectures for Joint I. N. Hajj,* N. R. Shanbhag,* S. Bobba Equalization and Decoding National Science Foundation, MIP-9710235 N. R. Shanbhag,* A. C. Singer, S. J. Lee CCR-9979381; CCR-00-85929 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The goal of this project is to develop an integrated computer-aided design (CAD) approach for the design of This project explores efficient algorithms and architectures low-power hardware for digital signal processing (DSP) for joint equalization and decoding in high data-rate and communications applications. The approach communications systems. Such systems suffer from incorporates high-level (algorithmic) and low-level intersymbol interference (ISI) and noise. Conventional (circuit) parameters and includes novel capabilities for approaches separate the two functions of equalization and design exploration and low-power circuit synthesis. The decoding for historical reasons. Significant improvements design exploration will be done by developing low-power in bit-error rates are feasible if the two functions are constrained algorithm design procedures that employ an executed jointly. Techniques such as turbo equalization are analytic relation between word-level and bit-level signal being explored where the equalizer and the decoder statistics. The synthesis effort will incorporate signal exchange soft information to enhance performance. statistics, high-level hardware models, and algorithm Application of these new receiver techniques to broadband transformations to generate low-power dedicated communication systems such as very high-speed digital implementation of DSP algorithms. subscriber lines (VDSL) and wireless is being studied. Full-Chip Simulation of Charged Device Model ESD Fluid IP Core Generators E. Rosenbaum,* A. Gerdemann N. R. Shanbhag, B. Lam, M. Zhang, B. Shim [email protected] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency UMC Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project seeks to develop design techniques and tools The capability to perform circuit simulation of ESD events for realizing custom-quality VLSI designs in synthesis increases the number of parts that pass ESD Qualification quality design cycle times for DOD applications. The focus on the first try. The charged device model (CDM) best of our research is on datapath intensive broadband represents yield reducing events that occur in modern communication subsystems, such as filters and FFT. The factories. The CDM represents the single pin discharge of design methodology includes an architecture optimizer and a packaged chip that is at a potential hundreds of volts a layout synthesizer bypassing logic synthesis. Techniques above ground. We are investigating whether sufficiently such as device sizing, noise-tolerance (both at the circuit accurate CDM simulation results can be obtained using and algorithmic level), algorithm transforms, power, and only a small simulation netlist that contains macro-models delay models are being incorporated into the core of the multiple discharge paths. The various power generator. The resulting circuit layouts are targeted to meet domains are linked through the substrate, and an power, delay, and reliability specifications. appropriate model of it must be developed. High-Speed Architectures for Iterative Decoders Highly Reliable Receiver Circuits for High-Speed IO N. R. Shanbhag,* M. Mansour Links CCR-9979381; CCR-0085929 E. Rosenbaum,* N. Shanbhag,* V. Chen, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. L. Narasimha [email protected] This research focuses on the design of high-speed iterative Semiconductor Research Corp. decoders. Recently, turbo codes, low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, and related concatenated codes have been Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory proven to be extraordinarily effective in improving the bit- We are applying communication theory to design ESD- error rates on noisy communication links. Decoders for protected, high-speed serial links. Links are expected to such codes are iterative and block-based, making high
* Denotes principal investigator.
16 data-rates difficult to achieve. These decoders are also codes are commonly employed to enhance the reliability memory intensive. Our research explores alternative of broadband communications links. Reed–Solomon decoding algorithms that might be appropriate for low- decoders used in practice today employ hard-decision power and high-performance VLSI implementations. decoding. Soft decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codes can provide significant coding gains over hard-decision High-Speed IO Signaling decoders. Soft decision decoding algorithms are N. R. Shanbhag,* G. Balamurugan, H. M. Bae, computationally complex and hard to implement in VLSI. S. Sridhara This research explores algorithmic and architectural Intel techniques to design soft decision Reed–Solomon Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory decoders for high-data rate communication systems. The goal of this project is to investigate solutions for data CAD for VLSI Manufacturability and Reliability transmission in the range of 5Gb/s–10Gb/s for inter-chip M. D. Wong* communications. The project involves the application of National Science Foundation communications and signal processing theory and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory techniques to analyze high-speed I/O links. Until recently, design efforts have been focused primarily on transceiver In nanometer-design technologies, computer-aided design electronics without comprehension of the communication software must consider manufacturability and reliability. channel. In addition, no rigorous, comprehensive analysis In this project, we focus on the development of theories techniques exist to analyze and predict the performance of and prototype systems for solving problems in the design I/O signaling systems. By viewing the I/O link as a noisy for manufacturability and reliability area. Research topics communication channel over which reliable information include lithography-aware design tools, fast reticle transfer needs to take place, the project proposes to develop enhancement techniques (OPC, PSM, OAI, and such), and analysis methods and explore design possibilities to layout optimization for CMP. accomplish reliable energy-efficient high-speed data Routing for High-Performance VLSI Packaging transfer over inter-chip links. M. D. Wong* Noise-Tolerant DSP in the Deep Submicron Era IBM N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Hegde, L. Wang, G. Balamurugan Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, CCR-9902745 In this project, we develop a complete routing system for Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory high-performance circuit boards. The type of high-end This research addresses the design of reliable and energy- boards targeted in this project is generally completed using efficient DSP systems in deep submicron (DSM) SMOS manual methods because of the complexity or density of technology in a unified manner via the development of the design. The goal is to create a system that will either noise-tolerant algorithmic and circuit design techniques. In completely remove the need of manual routing or particular, circuit design techniques that tolerate leakage, significantly reduce the effort of manual routing. Such a crosstalk, ground bounce, and process variations are being system will dramatically reduce the design time for state- developed. Algorithmic approaches that exploit the of-the-art, high-performance complex boards. statistical structure of multimedia signals to combat DSM noise are also being studied. A design methodology is Communications being formulated that jointly applies circuit and algorithmic noise-tolerance techniques to achieve an Fair Scheduling and Admission Control for Shared- overall level of system reliability while minimizing energy. Channel Wireless Packet Networks VLSI Architectures for Soft Decoding of Reed– V. Bharghavan,* R. Srikant,* S. Shakkottai, A. Eryilmaz Solomon Codes National Science Foundation N. R. Shanbhag,* R. Koetter, R. Blahut, A. Ahmed Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory CCR-0073490 Fair scheduling of traffic sources in wireless networks is Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory difficult due to bursty channel errors and location- This project investigates high-performance architectures dependent channel capacity. In this project, researchers for soft decoding of Reed–Solomon codes. Reed–Solomon study MAC, scheduling and admission control algorithms
* Denotes principal investigator.
17 for indoor and outdoor wireless networks that allocate the High-Performance Short Iterative Codes available bandwidth in a fair manner to competing sources. R. Koetter* Motorola, Inc. High-Performance Decoding of Algebraic Codes Beyond their Packing Radii Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Blahut,* N. Shanbhag, R. Koetter This project aims at developing excellent codes for National Science Foundation, CCR-0073490 application requiring short- to moderate-length (64 bits to Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory <1,000 bits) codes. Traditional coding schemes for these lengths rely typically on algebraic constructions or The objective of this research is to investigate practical and convolutional codes. Researchers strive to make the theoretical aspects of interpolation/factorization tremendous gains achievable for long blocklengths algorithms that were pioneered by M. Sudan for decoding (>10,000 bits) by turbo and other iteratively decodable beyond half the minimum distance of Reed–Solomon, codes available for much shorter code length. Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH), and algebraic geometry codes. The research has two main thrusts. The Unwrapping Phase Images: Theory and Applications first is the characterization of the decoding algorithm and Using Probabilistic Inference Techniques its complexity or performance trade-off, together with R. Koetter,* B. Frey, D. Munson subsequent improvements in the decoding of BCH and National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 algebraic geometry codes; these are at the theoretical core Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of this proposal. The second main thrust is the development of efficient computational architectures for implementing Phase unwrapping in two-dimensional topologies is a the algorithms and the demonstration of the feasibility and signal processing problem that has been studied practicality of very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) extensively over the past 20 years and has important implementation of decoders that will dramatically applications, such as medical imaging and synthetic outperform the decoding algorithms used in current aperture radar. However, despite its importance in science commercial communications and storage systems. and engineering, to date, phase unwrapping in two- dimensional grids has remained an essentially unsolved Codes on Graphs, Factor Graphs, and Iterative problem. This research takes a fresh approach to the Algorithms problem using methods from probabilistic inference. The R. Koetter* work not only holds the promise of resulting in powerful National Science Foundation Career Award, CCR phase unwrapping schemes based on the sum-product 99-84515 algorithm and structured variational methods, but also has Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory the potential to provide deep theoretical insight into the ill- posed nature and solvability of the phase unwrapping The primary focus of this research is the investigation of problem. Such an insight is extremely important for creative new methods for reliable transmission of guiding the development of practical algorithms. information in the context of modern error-control techniques. Error-correcting codes are an essential part of Design Principles for Wideband Wireless modern communication and storage systems and much of Communications today's technology would not be possible without them. V. V. Veeravalli,* A. Mantravadi This study is focused on graph-based, iterative decoding Cornell University, NSF CCR-9980616 algorithms, which, without doubt, are one of the most Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory significant coding-theoretic developments of the last decade. The goal of the investigator's research is to develop This research is aimed at enhancing the performance of a broad, analytical, and constructive approach to research wideband wireless multi-access systems by optimizing and education, unifying graphical models, coding theory, tradeoffs between coding and spreading, capitalizing on and iterative algorithms. The interplay between codes on advantages afforded by spatial diversity, and developing graphs and other areas, like iterative graph-based techniques for accommodating multirate users. algorithms, system theory, and network information theory, is in the focus of this investigation with the goal of discovering and utilizing fundamental connections between these fields.
* Denotes principal investigator.
18 New Techniques for Optimizing the Quality and missions in remote areas, and other civilian as well as Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems military operations. Modern wireless devices are often V. V. Veeravalli,* J. F. Chamberland, Y. Liang, designed with the capability to transmit at different bit rates N. Wang using different modulation schemes and to operate in a National Science Foundation, Faculty Early Career power-save mode to conserve energy. While such wireless Development, Presidential Early Career Award for devices can be built, there is not adequate research on Scientists and Engineers, CCR-0049089 performance of ad hoc networks utilizing such devices. This project will, therefore, attempt to answer two broad Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory questions: How do we design wireless medium access The research in this project is directed toward the control (MAC) protocols that exploit multirate and power- development of future generation multimedia wireless save capabilities in ad hoc networks? While there has been communication systems. Specifically, the research spans some work on such protocols, this project is expected to the following four areas: wireless channel modeling and develop new techniques to utilize multirate and power- analysis; information theory for wireless systems; wireless save capabilities. What is the impact of multirate and CDMA systems; and dynamic radio resource management. power-save capabilities on performance on network layer Research at the Frontier of the Physical Layer and transport layer? The project will study the interaction V. V. Veeravalli,* R. Prakash, K. C. Reddy between wireless device capabilities and upper layer National Science Foundation, CCR-0049085 performance, and develop mechanisms to improve performance of the various layers. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks The research conducted under this grant has a broad N. Vaidya* perspective from the viewpoint of the physical medium in [email protected] that it covers wireline (twisted pair or a coaxial cable); National Science Foundation, ANI 01-96410 wireless (satellite, cellular/PCS, or wireless local area network, WLAN); and recording, (magnetic or optical Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory disc) media. The research has a narrow focus in that the Mobile ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks, problems addressed all involve some form of forward error with dynamically changing network topology. In this control (FEC). A major component of the project is on project, we investigate several protocol design issues coding and information theory for wireless CDMA corresponding to routing, medium-access control, and systems. transport layers in mobile ad hoc networks. The focus is on performance issues related to individual layers as well as Computer Engineering interlayer interactions. TCP-Unaware Approaches to Improve Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Utilizing Multirate and TCP Over Wireless Links Power-Save Capabilities N. Vaidya* N. Vaidya* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ANI-01-96413 National Science Foundation, ANI 01-25859 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The focus of this project is on TCP-unaware techniques to Wireless communication technology has gained improve TCP performance over paths that include wireless widespread acceptance in recent years. Wireless local area links. The path from a TCP sender to a TCP receiver networks have come into greater use, with the advent of usually includes several intermediate nodes that may drop the IEEE 802.11 standard and availability of several TCP packets if congestion occurs. TCP makes the implicit commercial products based on this standard. An ad hoc assumption that all packet losses are due to congestion. network can be formed by wireless, potentially mobile Since wireless links are prone to transmission errors, this hosts, without requiring the use of any fixed infrastructure, assumption is not accurate for TCP over wireless links. such as base stations. Such networks have many Nevertheless, TCP reduces its congestion window when applications, including home networking, personal area packet losses due to transmission errors occur. This networking, sensor networking, search-and-rescue phenomenon is known to result in poor throughput for TCP
* Denotes principal investigator.
19 over wireless links. This project investigates TCP-unaware communication networks, particularly in the area of mechanisms to avoid such TCP performance degradation. congestion control. Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for Experimental Objective-Oriented Model Heterogeneous Sensor Evaluation of Wireless Networks Networks for Coordinated Control N. H. Vaidya,* J. T. Bernhard, V. V. Veeravalli, T. Basar,* T. Alpcan, C. Tang, S. Yuksel R. K. Iyer, P. R. Kumar National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25481 [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation, 04-23431 This is a multi-university research effort that focuses on a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory comprehensive study of large, mobile ad-hoc This project, evaluating protocols for wireless networks reconfigurable networks for coordinated control. It draws and developing scaling techniques for physical on elements from coordinated control, dynamic state environments, aims at deploying an anechoic chamber for estimation, ad-hoc network management, resource interference control, forming a testbed, referred to as the assignment, and fault tolerance. Its aim is to provide a wireless wind tunnel (WWT). The uses of the testbed focus formalism in which the methods of sensor networking may on: evaluation of wireless protocols (WP) in controlled be integrated as part of a systematic design process focused environments, development of channel models suitable for on achieving a specific control objective. Particular topics simulation-based evaluation of WPs, and evaluation of of study at the present are robust H-infinity and risk- techniques for scaling the physical environment to sensitive control and filtering in a receding horizon facilitate realistic wireless experiments. The WWT framework, performance-and utility-driven resource addresses some of the limitations based on computer allocation in networks, and control over networks using evaluations resulting from the present insufficient decentralized and distributed sensor information. understanding of channel and system models for wireless Smart Icing Systems networks. These are not well understood and brute force T. Basar,* W. R. Perkins,* P. Voulgaris,* J. Melody, accurate simulation of the wireless environment are at V. Sharma present too complex. Existing hardware testbeds suffer NASA Glenn Research Center, NAG3-2135 from one or both of the following shortcomings: experiments often cannot be repeated due to interference Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory by other wireless devices operating in the same frequency This part of the larger interdisciplinary/interdepartmental range, and the parameters of the experiment (such as the research program addresses the identification and control mobility patterns of the mobiles and scatterers in the research required to develop a smart icing system for environment) are not fully controllable. This work impacts aircraft. A smart icing system would sense the effect of ice the education mission, including coursework, laboratories, accretion on the aircraft performance and handling and student projects. The testbed will serve as a qualities and provide information to the flight crew, demonstration tool. New educational opportunities will operate ice protection systems, provide envelope open involving experimental research providing better protection, and possibly adapt the flight controls. The training and motivation. Facilities will be made available research conducted here involves in-flight parameter to a larger pool of researchers. Additional impact is identification of aircraft flight dynamics utilizing expected on communications systems in practice. excitation generated by only natural (and not forced) maneuvers of the aircraft and turbulence. Subsequently, Decision and Control this information would be fed (along with other sensor- based data) into an appropriate neural network that would, Dynamic Team and Game Theory for Congestion in turn, lead to an accurate detection of the level of severity Control in High-Speed Networks of ice accretion on the flight surfaces of the aircraft. The T. Basar,* R. Srikant,* D. Wiedenheft ultimate goal of this effort is to provide both the pilot and National Science Foundation, ANI 98-13710 the autopilot with needed information to improve the safety of aircraft operating in icing conditions. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This project is related to NSF 98-13710, and involves research for undergraduate students on various aspects of
* Denotes principal investigator.
20 Cooperative Networked Control of Dynamical Peer-to- Petri nets that may have both nondeterministic transitions Peer Vehicle Systems (i.e., transitions that share the same label) and G. Dullerud,* F. Bullo, E. Frazzoli, P. R. Kumar, unobservable transitions (i.e., transitions that are D. Liberzon, B. Reznick, M. Viswanathan associated with the empty label). These techniques are Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S. Air promising because they show that one can compute the set Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-02-1-0325 of consistent markings with complexity that is at most polynomial in the length of the observed label sequence. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Enabling Diagnosis of Faults and Misbehavior in The goal of this project is to develop systematic Heterogeneous Networked Systems via Structured methodologies for the reliable construction of cooperative Redundancy networked multivehicle systems. C. N. Hadjicostis,* T. Le Architectures for Secure and Robust Distributed [email protected] Infrastructures Boeing Corporation C. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos This project aims to evaluate how the use of redundant [email protected] sensors, actuators or, more generally, redundant U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department information can enable efficient and gracefully degradable of Defense, URI Award F49620-01-1-0365URI diagnosis algorithms for large networked systems. Instead (subcontracted from Stanford University) of focusing on how diagnosis can be performed for a given Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory system or network, this project is interested in finding out Within the context of a much larger project, this work how small modifications in the system structure (e.g., focuses on addressing the challenges that arise in regards sensor or actuator allocation) or the communication links to distributed or hierarchical coordination, fault tolerance, and protocols can result in more efficient and robust safety, and scalability in emerging dynamic systems and diagnosis algorithms. networks. The initial goal of this project has been to Enabling Novel Digital Sequential Circuit Designs develop distributed estimation algorithms that can be used through Error Control and Noise Tolerance in network monitoring. Techniques Designs of Robust Encoded Dynamic Systems C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Takos [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DoD URI Award Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory F49620-01-1-0365URI This project is developing a framework for fault-tolerant This work analyzes the effects of roundoff noise on our convolution using a polynomial residue number system ability to nonconcurrently detect and identify transient with non-coprime moduli. These techniques are promising faults that corrupt state variables during the operation of a in terms of the simplicity of the corresponding error fault-tolerant discrete-time LTI dynamic system. The detecting and correcting mechanisms. We are specifically analysis provides insights that allow us to evaluate the investigating how these techniques, together with performance of established decoding algorithms using nonconcurrent error detection and correction techniques, analytical techniques. It also leads to explicit bounds on the can offer advantages in terms of hardware and time precision needed in order to guarantee the correct complexity. identification of the number of faults that have affected the Error Control in Switched Linear Controllers system. C. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram Diagnosis and Assessment of Faults, Misbehavior, and [email protected] Threats in Distributed Systems and Networks National Science Foundation, ECS 02-18939 ITR C. N. Hadjicostis,* Y. Ru Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 04-26831 ITR This project develops protection schemes for linear time- invariant (LTI) controllers in switched systems. Tolerance This project addresses the problem of state estimation in against internal controller faults is achieved via discrete event systems (DES) that are modeled by labeled
* Denotes principal investigator.
21 embeddings that preserve the state evolution of the original In particular, the project studies the tradeoffs that arise controller in some encoded form, but enable error detection between system instability, noise level, link delay, and and correction through nonconcurrent (e.g. periodic) packet dropping probability. checks. Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: State Estimation in Switched Linear Systems Economic and Environmental Considerations C. N. Hadjicostis,* S. Sundaram C. N. Hadjicostis,* G. Deltas* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES This project develops observer methodologies for switched Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory linear systems that are driven by unknown inputs. The methodologies are based on using (possibly delayed) The goal of the proposed research project is to develop a outputs, and knowledge of the switching sequence and the comprehensive framework for studying reliability and system dynamics in order to decouple the unknown inputs sustainable operation of energy processing systems in from the observer error. regulated economic markets. The successful completion of this project can have potentially significant implications in An Integrated Approach to Fault Tolerance in characterizing and evaluating the economic and Discrete-Time Dynamic Systems environmental consequences of reliable designs for future C. Hadjicostis,* E. Athanasopoulou commercial power generation and distribution systems. [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS 00-92696 CAREER Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: Fault Tolerance Considerations Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory C. N. Hadjicostis,* L. Li This project develops systematic approaches for modeling, [email protected] detecting, identifying, and correcting faults in order to National Science Foundation, ECS 02-24729 EPNES ensure the proper functionality of discrete-time dynamic Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory systems or networks. The project takes a system-theoretic viewpoint and aims to characterize the fundamental The main goal of this research project is to develop a limitations of fault-tolerant designs by jointly exploiting comprehensive framework for dynamical state estimation, system-, coding-, and information-theoretic techniques. fault detection, and fault accommodation in energy processing systems. This includes terrestrial and A Robust Control Approach to Digital autonomous power systems, as well as electric drives and Communications power electronic systems, as found in civilian and military C. Hadjicostis,* P. Voulgaris,* R. Touri sectors. In particular, this project aims at making [email protected] connections with traditional fault tolerance techniques by National Science Foundation, CCR 00-85917 ITR developing distributed monitoring/correcting schemes and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory by explicitly accounting for the system dynamics before overcoming faults that affect the functionality of the This project develops a deterministic worst-case system. framework for reconstruction of discrete (source) data transmissions through dispersive communication Operation and Control of Energy Processing Systems: channels. This framework can be explored based on robust Effect of Packet Drops in Networked Control Systems control ideas and formulations and serves as a complement C. N. Hadjicostis,* H. Mo to existing approaches that reconstruct data by optimizing [email protected] probabilistic criteria. National Science Foundation, ITR 02-24729 EPNES Data Centric Sensor Networks This research project deals with issues arising in J. Hou,* P. R. Kumar, L. Sha controlling and monitoring real-time systems over National Science Foundation, ANI 02-21357 heterogeneous communication networks. The project aims at studying the performance of variants of state feedback Conducted in the Digital Computer Laboratory and the control schemes in a network setup where packets can be Coordinated Science Laboratory lost or delayed due to deteriorating network performance. This project investigates sensor networks.
* Denotes principal investigator.
22 Communicating Networked Control Systems A Network Virtual Machine for Real-Time P. R. Kumar* Coordination Services U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary Research P. R. Kumar* Program of the University Research Initiative, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, F33615-01- DAAD19-01010-465 C-1905 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The goal of this project is to investigate the modeling, The goal of this proposal is the creation of a real-time analysis, design, and control of communicating networked network coordination and control layer (middleware) that systems of sensors and actuators on fixed and mobile abstracts, controls, and ultimately guarantees the aggregate platforms. behavior of large unreliable networks such as those composed of sensors and actuators. Data Centric Sensor Networks P. R. Kumar* Scalable Multilayer Control of Joint Battlespace National Science Foundation Networks P. R. Kumar* Conducted in Coordinated Science Laboratory U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, This project addresses issues related to sensor networks, F49620-02-1-0217 formed by nodes that can sense, wirelessly communicate, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and compute. This project addresses issues relating to communication Efficient Resource Management for Controlled networks, both wireless radio and free-space optical. Mobility Wireless Networks P. R. Kumar* Hybrid Supervisory Control of Uncertain Nonlinear National Science Foundation Systems D. Liberzon* Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Research Board This project addresses the design, development and Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory operation of networks that are mobile. Hybrid systems are systems that combine continuous and Quality of Surveillance and Control discrete dynamics. This research is concerned with P. R. Kumar* problems of the following kind: given a process, typically Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, described by a continuous-time system, find a hybrid Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University controller such that the closed-loop system displays some Research Initiative, N00014-01-1-0576 desired behavior. An important situation in which such a Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory control paradigm is useful arises when the model of the The objective of this proposal is to create a scientific system contains large-scale uncertainties. Logic-based foundation for the distributed optimization problem of switching introduced together with, or even instead of, surveillance and control. more traditional continuous tuning has been shown to improve performance and has become quite popular in the Towards a Theory of In-Network Computation for recent adaptive control literature. Such control techniques Surveillance and Monitoring in Wireless Sensor are also much more amenable to computer implementation. Networks However, a vast majority of the results available on this P. R. Kumar* subject are limited to linear systems. The primary goal of National Science Foundation the proposed research is to develop systematic tools for Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory hybrid control design, applicable to useful classes of nonlinear uncertain systems. This project addresses the development of a theoretical foundation for sensor networks.
* Denotes principal investigator.
23 Hybrid Control of Nonlinear Systems Control Techniques for Complex Networks D. Liberzon* S. Meyn* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, ECS-0134115 National Science Foundation, ECE-02-17836 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The research and educational development plan proposed In many application areas and in many scientific here is aimed at designing hybrid control algorithms. In this disciplines, one seeks methods for managing complexity framework, a continuous-time process is controlled by of man-made or real-world systems. Famous application means of logic-based switching among a family of areas include network management in production systems regulators. The closed-loop system is then called hybrid and wireless networks; analysis of the stability of candidate because it combines continuous and discrete dynamics. We pharmaceutical compounds; and the relationship between study several situations in which such a control paradigm chromosomal and protein structure. This project concerns is natural and helps overcome various shortcomings of several interrelated approaches to managing complexity in more traditional control methodologies. The primary focus large interconnected systems. Specific application areas of this research is on systematic development of tools for addressed in the proposal include phase transitions in hybrid control design, applicable to general and useful molecular models and resource allocation in large network classes of nonlinear dynamical systems. models. Multiple View Geometry Large-Scale Simulation of Manufacturing and Y. Ma* Communication Systems University of Illinois S. Meyn,* S. Henderson (Cornell University) National Science Foundation, DMI-0085165 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory The goal of this project is to unify the study of geometry of multiple images into a simple and clean mathematical In the past decade, we have seen astonishing growth in both framework where efficient algorithms and systems can be the theory and application of queuing networks. Industry developed for applications in computer vision, robot is driving research in communication and data networks, vision, computer graphics, cognitive science, and so forth. computer systems, and manufacturing systems. Semiconductor manufacturing plants and the Internet are Adaptive Methods for Heterogeneous Wireless two infamous examples of networks of almost Services unimaginable complexity. A powerful need exists for S. Meyn,* M. Medard, J. Huang methods for deriving and evaluating operational policies National Science Foundation, NSF CCR 99-79381, NSF that may be used to effectively drive these systems. This ITR 00-85929 project sets out to develop methods for control synthesis Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and evaluation for truly complex networks. With communication and computing systems becoming Visualization and Optimization Techniques for increasingly pervasive, future systems will require the Analysis and Design of Complex Systems ability to accommodate, in real time, wireless services to S. Meyn* support a variety of applications ranging from traditional National Science Foundation, ECS-0228251 voice and paging services to nomadic computing Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory applications. Different services such as voice, or data, may have vastly different requirements in terms of burstiness, This project concerns several interrelated approaches to or rate and quality of service (QoS) requirements. We managing complexity in large interconnected systems. The consider coding, routing, and traffic rate mechanisms to focus of this project is resource allocation in large network provide smooth heterogeneous services to a variety of users models. A related project concerns phase transitions in via wireless access to a network. molecular models. This research will provide new design methodologies and efficient approaches to simulation and online tuning of control algorithms.
* Denotes principal investigator.
24 An Integrated Exploration of Wireless Network introduce significant stability and transparency problems Communication with respect to communication delay, packet loss, and S. Meyn* other communication effects. [email protected] U.S.-France Cooperative Research: Passivity Based National Science Foundation, ITR-00-85929 Control of Networked Control Systems Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory M. W. Spong,* R. Ortega (CNRS, France) National Science Foundation Grant 0128656 This research studies the design of agile wireless networks that accommodate time variations in the communication Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory channels, the information sources, and the network This award supports U.S.-France collaboration in control topology. The research will lead to design principles that, systems between Mark W. Spong of the University of in addition to enabling more efficient use of the current Illinois and Romeo Ortega of the Signal and Systems cellular and PCS bands, will allow exploitation of Laboratory at SUPELEC, a French center for research in frequency bands in the 10-100 GHz range to provide high- electrical engineering. The objective is to investigate speed multimedia services for both indoor and outdoor passive nonlinear control of networked control systems, in applications. particular, systems involving bilateral remote operation Passivity-Based Control in Bipedal Locomotion (teleoperation) over unreliable communication networks. M. W. Spong,* J. Holm, D. Herring, J.-S. Moon, The problem is motivated by interest in wireless A. Block, T. Filipiak communication in imbedded real time control systems and National Science Foundation Grant 0510119 the use of the Internet as a communication medium in teleoperated and networked control systems. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Reliable and Robust Control of Formations of The project explores bipedal locomotion in the context of Unmanned Vehicles passivity based hybrid nonlinear control. We are D. Stipanovic,* M. W. Spong,* P. Hokayem, C. Burns, investigating speed regulation, the use of alternate J. Mejia potential functions to increase the basins of attraction of The Boeing Company stable limit cycles, the effect of control saturation and underactuation in passivity based control, and the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory efficiency of passivity based control methods compared to This project is to develop reliable and robust control true energy optimal control. The goal is to help solidify the architectures for networks of autonomous aerial and foundations of the field through analysis, development of ground vehicles. The aim is to develop control laws that new concepts, and the design of provably correct control have low sensitivity to noisy and lossy data communication algorithms. among vehicles, that are scalable in terms of number of Telemanipulation in Multi-Robot Networks vehicles, and that have the ability to handle discrete M. W. Spong,* D.-J. Lee, N. Chopra, P. Hokayem, transitions in the network, such as formation S. Mastellone, K. Kunal, O. Martinez-Palafox, reconfiguration, addition or loss of vehicles from the E. Rodriguez-Seda formation, and so forth. Applications of this work include Office of Naval Research, Grant N00014-05-1-0186 undersea and planetary exploration, search and rescue, air traffic control, and control of sensor networks. Both Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory theoretical and experimental issues are being investigated. In this project, we are addressing fundamental issues in communication, coordination, and teleoperated control of multiple agents in coordinated manipulation tasks. While multiagent coordination and control problems such as swarming, flocking, and rendezvous have been studied by several researchers, much less work has gone into the teleoperated control of multirobot networks, especially when the multirobot network is expected to engage in tasks involving both manipulation and motion coordination. Manipulation tasks require haptic and force feedback that
* Denotes principal investigator.
25 CT, helping to make it a feasible and commercially viable Digital Signal and Imaging Processing technology for wide use. Efficient Algorithms for Lossless Data and Image Fast Algorithms for Tomography Compression Y. Bresler,* S. Basu, F. Charpentier, J. Brokish, Y. Bresler,* D. Baron A. George National Science Foundation, CCR-0122293 National Science Foundation, CCR-9972980 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory In spite of the focus in recent years on lossy compression Computerized Tomography (CT) is the principle of audio, images, and video, lossless data compression underlying most of the key diagnostic imaging modalities remains crucial in applications such as text files, and many other imaging techniques, including synthetic facsimiles, software executables, and medical imaging. aperture radar. We are developing new image Universal source coding algorithms, which deal with reconstruction techniques that require only computations sources whose statistics are unknown, are of particular for an image, as compared to computations for the current importance. The main goal of this research is to develop method of choice, the filtered backprojection (FBP). These algorithms featuring fast computation and low memory techniques are orders of magnitude faster than FBP for use, while providing compression quality near the typical images and promise to overcome the computational fundamental theoretical bounds. The resulting algorithms bottleneck created by new imaging technologies that will have linear complexity and will be better than any acquire large quantities of data in real time. Similar current algorithm with comparable asymptotic developments are pursued for iterative and for 3-D compression performance, in terms of computation and/or reconstruction. memory use. Some versions of these algorithms will also Minimum-Redundancy Spatiotemporal MRI have simple structure, admitting fast hardware Y. Bresler,* Z. P. Liang,* N. Aggarwal implementations. A special focus of this research is also on National Science Foundation, BES-0201876 parallel algorithms that allow arbitrary speedup while maintaining the same compression quality. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Fast Algorithms for 3-D Cone-Beam Tomography Since its inception in the early 1970s, magnetic resonance Y. Bresler,* J. Brokish, A. George imaging (MRI) has become a premier diagnostic imaging [email protected] tool. Although its early applications were largely limited National Science Foundation, CCR-0209203 to stationary objects, MRI has also proven extremely useful in recent years for dynamic imaging applications, such as Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory cardiac, functional, or interventional imaging. An In cone-beam tomography, projections are acquired by an important challenge confronting dynamic MRI (D-MRI) is area detector, using a source of divergent rays traveling on to obtain both high spatial and high temporal resolution, one of several possible trajectories. It is already used in with three dimensional imaging capability. The goal of this current PET and SPECT scanners and in nondestructive research is to develop, implement, and test rigorously a evaluation (NDE) in manufacturing, and it will be the basis new unified theoretical framework for minimum- for the next generation of diagnostic CT scanners. This will redundancy D-MRI data acquisition and image allow use of CT as a dynamic imaging modality for cardiac reconstruction. In this framework, dynamic imaging is imaging, or for real-time surgical guidance in medicine, or treated as a higher-dimensional image reconstruction as a high-throughput NDE system in manufacturing, or as problem, with time being an independent axis. Instead of a high-accuracy security baggage scanner in airports. attempting to freeze all motion by sufficiently fast Unfortunately, the high computational cost of current acquisition, time variation during acquisition is explicitly cone-beam reconstruction algorithms constitutes a major accounted for in the steps of MRI sequence design, data barrier to their applications. We are developing new image acquisition, and image reconstruction. The approach draws reconstruction techniques that require only computations on and extends theories and algorithms introduced by the for an image. These techniques can be 100 times faster than researchers over the past few years and offers the potential current methods for typical images and promise to for significant speedups of the imaging process. overcome the computational bottleneck in 3-D cone-beam Furthermore, combination of the theory and techniques developed in this project with fast-scan methods and with
* Denotes principal investigator.
26 methods based on phased-array RF coils will produce Model-Based Tomographic Imaging Methods combined speedups, greater than any one of the individual Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji, Y. Bresler* approaches. National Institutes of Health, R21 HL62336 Unwrapping Phase Images Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. Koetter,* D. C. Munson,* Z. P. Liang* The mathematical basis of tomographic imaging is National Science Foundation, CCR 01-05719 conventionally rooted in the well-established Fourier or Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory radon transform theories, so that image quality is mainly dependent on how the data space is sampled. In practice, The primary goal of the project is to develop optimal physical and temporal constraints often prevent a sufficient algorithms for the long-standing problem of unwrapping coverage of the data space, resulting in various image phase images from various imaging modalities such as artifacts, such as Gibbs ringing, resolution degradation, SAR and MRI. Probabilistic inference algorithms will be and various motion effects. This project is aimed at developed and tested using SAR and MRI as testbeds. Prof. overcoming these problems by developing new model- Liang is responsible for phase unwrapping of MRI data. based imaging techniques that can incorporate a priori Brain Image Segmentation by Integrated Multiscale information into the imaging process effectively. Analysis and Shape Deformation Application of these techniques to cardiac imaging and Z. P. Liang,* S. Wang functional brain mapping is also addressed. NEC Research Lab; University of Illinois Research Board Multisensor Information Fusion Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Z. P. Liang, H. Pan, K.-Y. Cheng* and Technology [email protected] Brain image segmentation is an important and challenging Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, engineering problem confronting brain mapping. By MDA972-00-1-0020 accurately segmenting gray-scale brain images into Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory various brain structures, we will be able to effectively This project is a component of research conducted in the visualize three-dimensional brain structures and carry out Center for Bio-Optoelectronic Sensor Systems (BOSS). meaningful neuromorphometric studies. The long-term The primary mission of this center is to develop sensor and goal of this project is to develop and implement a unified processing technology for detection of biochemical agents processing software platform to effectively support various in battlefield situations. Prof. Liang is responsible for information processing tasks in neuroimaging or brain developing statistical algorithms for multisensor mapping. The specific aim of the project is to capitalize on information fusion. our recent, novel work on graph-based multiscale image analysis and shape deformation to produce an efficient, Statistical Image Reconstruction accurate, and reliable algorithm for identifying brain Z. P. Liang,* C. Potter, B. Carragher structures from MR images. We expect to accomplish three National Institutes of Health, RO1 GM61939 specific tasks during the project period: complete the Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science development of a novel graph-theoretic algorithm for and Technology multiscale analysis of MR brain images; further develop, perfect, and validate a topology-preserving shape The primary goal of the project is to develop practical deformation algorithm so that prior shape information of image reconstruction methods for high-resolution imaging brain structures can be incorporated into the image from electron microscopy data, particularly in the presence segmentation process effectively; and integrate multiscale of uncertainties in data acquisition parameters (a projection analysis with shape deformation for accurate segmentation angle for example). We formulate the problem as a of brain images and develop a prototype software system statistical parameter estimation problem by introducing a to facilitate the application of the developed algorithms for proper model for the object (for instance, a virus) to be practical applications in brain mapping. imaged. This research effort promises to provide a brand- new solution to the long-standing problem in electron microscopy.
* Denotes principal investigator.
27 recent advances in microelectromechanical systems Electromagnetic Communication and (MEMS). More specifically, we intend to fabricate and test Electronics Packaging a microprobe structure that will permit the high-frequency characterization of submicron interconnects and devices in CAD Tools for Communications Microsystems integrated circuits. J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Lambalot, L. Jiang Development and Modeling of Flip Chip and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, AF Interconnect Package Technology for Ka and W Band ECE0849 J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu Recent developments in the area of wireless National Science Foundation, E-21-N50-G5 communication systems and microelectromechanical In collaboration with the National Science Foundation systems (MEMS) have enabled the networking of Package Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology distributed transducers in a wireless mode. It is now possible to integrate monolithic microwave integrated The electrical performance of mixed-signal integrated circuit (MMIC) front-end modules with MEMS circuits strongly depends on the electromagnetic behavior components such as antennas, switches, and filters. Our of the components within the system. Future wireless and objective is to supply the necessary CAD tools to improve personal communication links will be strongly influenced first-pass success and reduce design iterations for such by these considerations. Currently, millimeter-wave systems. In particular, electromagnetic techniques are used monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development to model various MEMS switch structures. These are in the 24-94 GHz range. In recent years, power distribution combined with simulation techniques to predict the and parasitic noise control have become critical issues in transient and steady state response of these components. the design of these MMICs. Nowadays, with increased The goal is to reduce the design cycle from several years frequencies, interconnect schemes, layout, and power to one week in the successful implementation of these distribution have become mainstream design issues. It is MEMS structures. now recognized in the CAD community that electromagnetic effects will generally take place at the Design and Fabrication of MEMS Probe Station forefront and will represent the critical limiting factor of J. Schutt-Ainé,* C. Liu, D. Lambalot MMICs performance. The collaborative effort between University of Illinois Research Board Georgia Institute of Technology and the University of Recent advances in microelectronics have led to Illinois focuses on developing the technology support for considerable reduction in size of components in integrated the implementation of low-cost packaging solutions for circuits (ICs). Typical VLSI circuits have dimensions in MMICs. This is to be achieved by harnessing the modeling, the submicron range and feature size that can be as low as simulation, design, fabrication, and measurement 0.25 microns. This reduction is a result of several infrastructure built over the past decade at these two requirements for higher density and shorter institutions. interconnection delays. Future state-of-the-art Hardware Acceleration of Newton Solver microprocessors will accommodate more than a million J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Das Gupta, D. Prasanna, R. Gao, transistors in an area of a few hundred squared millimeters. Y. Mekonnen Along with these trends, several issues related to signal Demaco/SAIC integrity and testing have moved to the forefront. With submicron dimensions, interconnect resistance has In this project, we plan to demonstrate the effectiveness of become a major bottleneck in circuit performance, leading implementing a Newton solver in hardware on a PCI bus to signal degradation and delays. In addition, measurement card. The effort focuses on the use of the TI-TMS320C and testing in submicron geometries, which allows for family of digital signal processor for the implementation determining the performance of the structure, is a of the solver. The implementation of fast Newton solver is challenging task. Nowadays, the methods employed to be first realized and tested before being implemented consist of fabricating special-purpose test vehicles for into a digital signal processor. We plan to provide evaluation, which often require expensive mask processes documentation and interface requirements to allow users and complex de-embedding schemes. This investigation to install the hardware card and utilize it from programs. proposes to implement a nondestructive testing methodology for submicron integrated circuits using the
* Denotes principal investigator.
28 High-Frequency Measurements and Validation of in models and analytical methods without which the Electromagnetic Models in Scattering, Interconnects, development of reliable design tools would be impossible. and Optoelectronics Packaging and interconnects nowadays represent a critical J. Schutt-Ainé* area for the design of high-performance digital systems. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF JS 1660 State-of the-art computational electromagnetic techniques necessitate large processing power and memory There is tremendous demand for increased capacity in requirements. As the speed of high performance digital high-speed communication networks and novel circuits increases, the full-wave characteristics of applications in optical control of antenna phased arrays. interconnects becomes important. The feasibility of using With clock rates in the GHz range, interconnect the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for considerations and electromagnetic phenomena have interconnect parameter extraction had been demonstrated moved to the forefront in the design of high-speed earlier. The main advantage of the FDTD technique is its computers. Microwave modulation of optoelectronic ability to model complicated structures and to account for devices, such as semiconductor lasers and modulators, the frequency dependence of the parameters. However, the plays an important role in determining the high-speed computational efficiency and memory requirements performance of these devices. Continuing development of seriously limit the practicality of FDTD, especially for high-speed optical communication systems is contingent three-dimensional problems. Recent advances in upon advances in high-speed sources and wavelength distributed and parallel computing require one to address conversion devices. While numerous theoretical models the hardware-dependent aspects of these computational have been developed to predict ways to improve these issues. The Orion Project takes advantage of the devices, much experimental work remains in order to availability of low-cost PC components. Presently, mini- verify these models and characterize devices based on new supercomputers can be built at a moderate cost by using designs. This project proposes the experimental validation fast communication networks. Moreover, the availability of various computational models in inverse scattering, of software libraries for distributed computing, such as the wave propagation, interconnects, and optoelectronics. parallel virtual machine (PVM) and the message passing Most of the emphasis will be on the higher frequency range interface (MPI), have rendered the software development where measurement information is nonexistent. In recent within these environments easier. years, computational electromagnetics has received growing interest due to the availability of fast computers Low-Cost Fully Monolithic RF Integrated Circuits for and the recent development of fast algorithms. Models that Wireless Applications allow the prediction of the most complex problems in J. Schutt-Ainé* scattering and wave propagation have been implemented. National Science Foundation, ECS-9979292 Unfortunately, the experimental verification of these The performance of radio frequency (RF) integrated models is seriously lagging, especially at higher circuits will strongly influence the versatility and frequencies where measurement accuracy and portability of future wireless communication systems. repeatability are more difficult to achieve. This project will With the ever-increasing demands for higher bandwidth allow us to determine the frequency range of validity of the and capacity as well as reductions in size, weight, and cost, computational models and generate useful information for the need for more robust and efficient RF circuits is high-frequency operation of radiating, optoelectronics, and expected to increase. Currently, millimeter-wave waveguiding systems. monolithic ICs (MMICs) chip sets are under development High-Performance Computing for the Electromagnetic in the 24-94 GHz range and will represent the platform for Modeling of Interconnects and Packages the RF components of most wireless systems. With the J. Schutt-Ainé,* D. Prasanna, R. Gao recent advent of microelectromechanical systems Demaco/SAIC (MEMS), new potentials are being discovered for applications in the RF/millimeter wave ranges. In order to The electromagnetic modeling of packages and implement RFICs for future wireless communication interconnects plays a very important role in the design of systems, several fundamental issues must be resolved. high-speed digital circuits and is most efficiently First, a design methodology must be devised and tested. performed by using computer-aided design algorithms. In Next, a low-cost solution for the integration of MEMS the past two decades, researchers in the electromagnetic technology into existing MMIC processes must be and microwave areas have worked to extend the knowledge developed as well as a reliable packaging scheme. Finally, of interconnection properties. Their efforts have resulted
* Denotes principal investigator.
29 a robust platform of design guidelines, tools, and Modeling and Simulation of Embedded Transmission characterization techniques must be made available to Line Structures ensure reliable implementation of these communication J. Schutt-Ainé,* F. Liu systems. More specifically, the effort will focus on these Raytheon Systems tasks: developing a computer-aided design environment Embedded transmission line (ETL) structures have for the robust implementation of MMICs and MEMS as become very commonplace in many high-frequency and well as the generation of reliable design guidelines; high-speed electronic systems; however, the analysis and implementing a robust MEMS process for the fabrication design tools needed for their design are not readily of switches, filters, and tunable capacitors; integration of available. The objective of this effort is the modeling, MEMS components into a reliable and well-established extraction, and simulation of three-dimensional complex MMIC process; devising a low-cost and reliable packaging interconnect structures embedded in multilayer structures. solution for RFICs. Executions of these tasks will make use The focus of the work will be on the development of of the existing infrastructure and expertise of the principal software tools that facilitate and automate the designer's investigators in the related areas. These will define several task. The tools will be based on recently developed design-build-test cycles that will be optimized through electromagnetic parameter extraction techniques to several iterations during the course of the project. Special determine the electrical parasitic capacitance and attention will be devoted to demonstrating the feasibility inductance coefficients of these structures. These of these various tasks. Moreover, a testbed prototype will parameters can next be used with efficient simulation be implemented to validate the proposed flow and assess algorithms to predict the signal response of ETL structures the hardware advantages of the designed RFICs. and provide information about noise immunity and high- Measurement and Test of Components for Optical speed performance. This will permit the generation of Communication Applications reliable design guidelines as well as a significant reduction J. Schutt-Ainé,* M. Angert, Z. Deng in the time to market. Xindium Technologies, Inc. National Course in Signal Integrity High-speed optical communication systems are presently J. Schutt-Ainé* improving in speed in response to ever-increasing IEEE CPMT; National Science Foundation bandwidth requirements of users. Demand for high-speed Signal integrity has become a critical area in the design of digital access will dramatically increase in the future, high-speed communications systems and fast computers. leading to many opportunities in this area. In order to Many research areas have emerged from industry and economically meet the needs of future high bit rate universities to address issues related to electrical systems, significant changes to component and system performance. However, the educational infrastructure is architectures will be required. Current commercial systems seriously lagging. The goal of the National Course in operating at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48) data rates are implemented Signal Integrity project (http://natcsi.ece.uiuc.edu) project at present using discrete InGaAs photodetectors is to establish a web-based educational platform that will wirebonded to electronic integrated circuits for signal provide the education necessary for aggressive packaging processing. At bit rates of up to 2.5 Gb/s, an InGaAs schemes in the area of signal integrity. This is achieved by photodetector or APD is coupled to sophisticated Si-based providing a better understanding of electromagnetics electronics with high levels of functional integration to problems and through the use of modeling and simulation realize photoreceiver modules that incorporate logic tools. With the emergence of visualization tools and online thresholding, clock and data timing recovery, and simulation packages, access to both qualitative and demultiplexing functions in a single package. Advanced quantitative answers is immediate. In addition to the signal processing, including coding and decoding for error standard components of web-based courses, we have correction is also implemented in the transceiver circuitry. focused our attention on two major components. In the first The objective of this project is the measurement of high- part of the project, a Movie Creator was implemented to speed components to 50 GHz. The measurements are allow the incorporation of taped lectures into a website performed in the Electromagnetics Laboratory, where with synchronization between the audio and video high-frequency and high-speed testing instruments are components. In the second part of the project, an efficient available. Perl/Java interface was created that permits the execution of signal integrity modeling and simulation CAD tools in the web server. The study of signal integrity issues is
* Denotes principal investigator.
30 strongly dependent on the ability to simulate and model Intelligent Portable Antenna Systems for High-Speed signal propagation. This task seeks to supply circuit Wireless Communication modeling and simulation capabilities using state-of-the-art J. T. Bernhard* techniques and analysis tools that were previously [email protected] developed. A combination of visualization tools and the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, ECS ability to perform online simulations can provide students 99-83460 with immediate access to both qualitative and quantitative High-speed wireless data communication faces two answers. Using our newly developed tool, simulation challenges: high error rates caused by interference and results can be displayed and examined in a web browser unpredictable environments, and limited functionality and shortly after execution. This unique feature of executing battery life at the portable unit. "Intelligent" or "smart" CAD software via the Web will be a major asset in learning antenna systems that respond to changing operating environment. conditions can help meet these challenges. This research develops intelligent portable antenna systems to improve Electromagnetics the reliability, throughput, and noise immunity of high- speed wireless communication networks. Specifically, this Antennas for Wireless Sensors project implements new compact radiation-tunable J. T. Bernhard* antennas with a performance-driven fuzzy controller. This [email protected] novel approach views portable antennas as dynamic U.S. Office of Naval Research through the NCASSR components of the communication system, creating a new Program/NCSA paradigm for antenna design and control. The emergence of wireless sensor systems promises to Low-Profile Radiators in Aperiodic Wideband Arrays change the way we control our environments, make J. T. Bernhard,* P. Mayes, E. Michielssen decisions, and promote health and safety. While numerous [email protected] research projects on wireless sensors exist, very few U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-02-1-0398 address the critical technology of antennas that enable This project develops a family of low-profile antennas and wireless communication. Several projects in this area associated array methodologies for wideband applications propose to use standard off-the-shelf antennas, but this where traditional periodic patch arrays severely limit choice often limits the capabilities of the system by performance. The work includes the development of ignoring the unique requirements and environment of the specialized simulation tools as well as extensive application. In this project, we are developing both a measurements to characterize both individual and arrayed general methodology for the development of antennas for elements. wireless sensor systems as well as several designs for specific applications. Miniaturized Antennas in Random Sensor Arrays for Planetary Surface and Atmosphere Exploration Electromagnetic Study of Integrated Hearing Aid J. T. Bernhard,* A. C. Singer, P. E. Mayes, Antennas E. Michielssen J. T. Bernhard* [email protected] [email protected] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Phonak Communications NAG3-2840 Coordinated signal processing between hearing aids allows In this project, we are developing size-appropriate, hearing-impaired individuals to focus on conversations electrically small (miniaturized) antennas with moderate without having to listen to background noise. A wired bandwidths for such sensors as well as processing connection between the hearing aids and a central algorithms for random arrays that enable the sensors to processing unit makes the system more obtrusive than work together to communicate their data to remote traditional hearing aids. This research project clarifies and collection sites regardless of their relative positions or predicts performance with both in-the-ear and behind-the- orientations. The array will configure itself to form a beam ear hearing aid antennas. in a general direction that can be intercepted by a passing orbiter or directed to a particular satellite- or surface-based receiver. The project will culminate with a testbed
* Denotes principal investigator.
31 demonstration using the developed antennas and Fast Algorithms for Cross Talk Analysis processing algorithms. W. C. Chew,* Z. G. Qian, J. Xiong, L. Sun [email protected] Reconfigurable Antennas for High Data Rate SRC 2003-TJ-1123 Multibeam Communication Systems J. T. Bernhard,* E. Michielssen This project proposes to use fast algorithms to analyze [email protected] cross talk in circuits. It will use low-frequency fast National Aeronautics and Space Administration, multipole algorithm, together with low-frequency method NAG3-2555 of moments, together with a basis-rearrangement preconditioner to accelerate the solution in the long- This research develops new, individually reconfigurable wavelength limit. It hopes to tackle large problems planar antenna array elements that can be adjusted to encountered in computer chip design. provide multiple beams while providing increased scan angles and higher aperture efficiencies than traditional Modeling of Well-Logging Tools diffraction-limited arrays. With the help of powerful W. C. Chew,* Y. Liu simulation capabilities developed under the project, these [email protected] antennas will be potential candidates for use in both large Schlumberger-Chew and small arrays for forward inter-satellite communication This project proposes to use fast integral equation solvers as well as tracking of multiple mobile surface-based units. at low frequencies to model the physics of well-logging Wideband Conformal Antennas and Arrays tools. There are challenges due to conductive losses as well J. T. Bernhard* as low-frequency breakdown of integral equations. [email protected] Modeling with Equivalence Principle Algorithm U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, FA8718-04-C-0060 W. C. Chew,* M. K. Li This project investigates the fundamental characterization [email protected] of suitable wideband conformal microstrip-based antennas SRC 2006-KJ-1401 as single elements and in arrays and explores possible This project collaborates with Intel to study the modeling approaches to expand the operating frequency bands and of complex structures in circuits for computer design using performance of planar and conformal arrays. These the equivalence principle algorithm. Huygens-like approaches encompass the use of novel substrates and equivalence principle is used to reduce the unknown counts antenna designs, array designs that allow wideband for mutual interactions between complex structures. performance, such as random and connected array topologies, and implementation of antenna reconfiguration Parallelization of Preconditioners to enable wideband operation of planar and conformal W. C. Chew,* A. Hesford arrays. [email protected] SRC 2006-KJ-1412 A Wireless Embedded Sensor System to Monitor and Assess Corrosion in the Tendons of Prestressed This project collaborates with IBM to study the used of Concrete Girders parallel algorithms to expedite the calculation of the J. T. Bernhard,* D. A. Kuchma, H. Reis reduced-coupling preconditioner. The preconditioner is [email protected] then used in an iterative solver to accelerate the solution, National Science Foundation, CMS 02-01305 and optimize its memory efficiency. A multidisciplinary team of three researchers with Sound Mitigation of Noise Source expertise in the areas of nondestructive evaluation, W. C. Chew,* M. S. Tong wireless communication, and structural modeling are [email protected] developing a wireless embedded sensor system to examine U.S. Army, W9132T-06-2-0006 corrosion of tendons in prestressed concrete girders. The This project studies the use of complex structures to project illustrates the importance of integrating mitigate sound waves produced by army proving ground technologies and expertise from several fields in solving facilities. We will model complex structures with integral complex information flow problems. equations for acoustic and elastic waves. The integral equations solutions will be accelerated with fast solvers.
* Denotes principal investigator.
32 Then the solutions will be used to design sound mitigation differential equation based (such as the finite element structures. method) and the integral equation based (such as the method of moments). These methods are characterized by Subsurface Navigation Algorithm their high-order convergence and can provide much more W. C. Chew,* C. P. Davis, P. Atkins, W. Tucker accurate modeling of problem geometry as well as more [email protected] accurate representation of electromagnetic fields and AF Sub Raytheon 2600 currents than traditional low-order numerical methods. This project studies the possibility of geographically High-Order Hybrid Finite Element Technology for locating an underground personnel, such as a coal miner, Simulation of Large-Scale Array Antennas Embedded using radio location method. It involves forward and in Inhomogeneous Media inverse modeling of radio wave field at low frequencies in J. Jin,* T. Rylander, Z. Lou inhomogeneous meida. U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0210 Advanced Integral Equation Computer Program The objective of this project is to develop a high-order J. Jin,* M. Kowalski, B. Singh hybrid finite element technique that is capable of Mission Research Corp. simulating large array antennas embedded in The objective of this project is to develop advanced inhomogeneous media. This includes the development of physics-based basis functions for the integral equation a novel hybridization technique that combines the finite solution of electromagnetic scattering problems. Such element and boundary integral methods for efficient and basis functions would increase the maximum electrical accurate analysis of electromagnetic problems and the dimension of structures analyzed using method-of- analysis of dielectric-embedded antennas on a large, moments-based computer programs. The simulation complex platform, a problem that is of significant capability will be further enhanced by utilizing a multilevel importance to the Navy. It is well known that deploying fast multipole iterative solver. antennas on a platform, such as a ship’s topside, inevitably Fast Frequency-Sweep Analysis of Electromagnetic introduces distortion in their radiation patterns and causes Problems mutual coupling. The distortion in the radiation patterns J. Jin,* D. Jiao, F. Ling may reduce the desired coverage for effective U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, communications and compromise the accuracy for Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University isolating and locating targets. The existence of mutual Research Initiative coupling, caused by space waves, surface waves, and scattering by the platform, reduces the electromagnetic This project applies the asymptotic waveform evaluation isolation between the antennas and consequently makes it method to a variety of electromagnetic problems for a fast difficult to operate the antennas simultaneously. Therefore, frequency-sweep analysis. These problems include it is important to develop accurate numerical prediction scattering by a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) body, tools to characterize the radiation patterns and mutual radiation of wire antennas on a PEC body, scattering by a coupling of the antennas mounted on a complex, often dispersive dielectric body, scattering and radiation of large, platform. conformal cavity-backed microstrip patch antennas, and microstrip circuits in a multiplayer medium. The use of Hybrid Methods for Electromagnetic Scattering AWE can speed up the analysis by more than an order of J. Jin* magnitude. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University High-Order Computational Electromagnetics Research Initiative Techniques J. Jin, K. Donepudi, Z. Lou, X. Wang In this project, researchers develop hybrid numerical Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC methods to compute electromagnetic scattering from 4400041703 realistic three-dimensional targets. These hybrid methods combine high-frequency techniques (such as the shooting- The objective of this project is to develop high-order and-bouncing-ray technique) and low-frequency computational electromagnetics methods for a variety of techniques (such as the finite-element and integral electromagnetic problems such as antennas, scattering, and equation methods) to capitalize on the advantages and circuits. The high-order methods include the partial eliminate the disadvantages of both. As a result, they are
* Denotes principal investigator.
33 accurate and efficient and can be applied to large, complex Time-Domain Simulation of Electromagnetic targets. Phenomena J. Jin, A. Yilmaz, T. Rylander Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Jet Engine Inlets F49620-01-1-0228 J. Jin,* K. Mao Air Force Research Laboratory/SAIC, AF SAIC The objective of this project is to develop novel numerical 4400041703 techniques to simulate electromagnetic phenomena in the time domain. The focus is directed toward the FFT-based The objective of this project is to develop an accurate and time-domain integral equation solvers and the robust time- efficient numerical technique to characterize the scattering domain finite element solvers. In the time-domain integral properties of jet engine inlets. This program is considered equation solvers, the goal is to reduce the computational a grand challenge in computational electromagnetics, complexity by utilizing the FFT technology. In the time- which is critical for designing low-observable air vehicles domain finite element solvers, the emphasis is on the mesh and for developing reliable automatic target recognition truncation techniques using either perfectly matched layers techniques. New solution algorithms will be developed to or boundary integral equations. deal with huge numerical matrix systems and to suppress numerical dispersion errors. Optimal Design of MRI-Guided Electromagnetic High Frequency Devices Hyperthermia 38-GHz Ion Implantation GaAs MESFET Technology J. Jin,* M. Kowalski Transfer Program National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship M. Feng,* J. Middleton, S. K. Hsia This project concerns with the use of RF electromagnetic Northrop Grumman Corp.; M/A-Com/Amp power for oncological hyperthermia of deeply seated Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory cancerous tumors. It is widely recognized that achieving effective hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated tumors This project is aimed at the technology transfer of the within the body without the formation of undesired hot University of Illinois 0.25 μm gate GaAs MESFET for 24- spots is a difficult problem, requiring automatic GHz and 38-GHz MMICs for LNA and VCO to M/A-Com. optimization procedures. We will deal with this problem for low-cost production. by developing an integrated approach that combines 50-GHz Ion Implanted GaAs MESFET electromagnetics, thermodynamics, and feedback control M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Beecher theory to develop a design/optimization software. The TriQuint Semiconductor approach will utilize the cutting edge technology (MRI) for guiding the hyperthermia process. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Method for This program is to study the 50 GHz to 100 GHz ion Electromagnetic Field Computation implanted GaAs MESFET for millimeter-wave integrated J. Jin* circuit application. National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 50-GHz Ion-implanted Enhanced/Depletion/Power The goal of this project is to develop a finite-element GaAs MESFETs method using vector elements for electromagnetic analysis M. Feng,* H. Hsia, D. Becher, Z. Tang, J. J. Hwang, of electronic devices, circuits, antennas, and radar S. Shen scattering. Special emphasis is on the method's accuracy, Network Device Inc. efficiency, and versatility. Both frequency and time- Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory domain methods will be investigated and evaluated. Specific applications will be demonstrated. This project is to develop enhancement mode, depletion mode, and power mode (E/D/P) GaAs MESFETs operated at 50 GHz.
* Denotes principal investigator.
34 50-GHz Self-Aligned Gate MESFETs Center of Hyper Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies M. Feng,* D. Becher, D. Caruth for Ultrafast Optoelectronic Systems Vitesse Semiconductor Corp. M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. Cimino, W. Hafez, F. Dixon [email protected] Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Project Agency HUNT We have investigate Vitesse self-aligned gate MESFET for Program the analog applications in term of noise gain and power. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory We have compare performance with the University of Illinois realigned gate FET with Vitesse and to understand The goal of this project is to develop new optical source device improvement issues. laser and LED using light emitting transistors modified by quantum well base and DBR to achieve high speed ADC Circuit Design on a Sigma-Delta Modulator modulation of optical interconnect. M. Feng,* M. Heins, D. Barlage U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-96-0218 (Intel Development Materials for GaN-based Minority- Fellowship) Carrier Power Electronic Devices for Advanced DoD Systems Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* J. Lai, K. Price This project is aimed at design of 3 Gbit/s for an 8-bit ADC. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GaN Power Our first goal is to design the subcircuits library of Program (under UTA team-Prof. Russel Dupuis) comparator, sample, and hold circuit and OA design of an Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory ADC. This program is to study material interface of AlGaAs/GaAs HBT Modeling heterjunction, minority carrier transport property in GaN M. Feng,* P. Mares, M. Hein HBT system, since HBT provides high linearity and high Rockwell Microelectronics, Inc. efficiency power amplification. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Digital Radar Receiver This project aims to establish a useful SPICE model for M. Feng,* J. Fendrich HBT integrated circuits application. Our approach is based Mayo Foundation; Defense Advanced Research Projects on 45-MHz to 50-GHz bias-dependent microwave data Agency collection on an HBT device using HP-ICCAP. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Temperature-dependent microwave data collection will be included in the model. This project performs the design and fabrication of an RF front end (400-700 MHz) fully tunable receiver system. CAD Design Tools for an Integrated Millimeter-Wave We are working closely with the Mayo Foundation MIT- Wireless Communication Microsystem Lincoln Lab and Defense Advanced Research Projects M. Feng,* S. C. Shen, J. J. Hwang, M. Heins Agency to build two brassboard RF receiver front ends for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, digital radar applications. F30602-97-2-0328 Direct Ion Implantation GaAs MESFETs In collaboration with C. Liu. Conducted in the Micro and M. Feng,* H. Hsia, Z. Tang, D. Becher, S. Shen Nanotechnology Laboratory. GaAstronics Co. We are developing CAD capabilities for a gigahertz Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory wireless communication and distribution microsystems. We are also developing scalable MMIC modules with This project is to develop low-cost ion-implanted GaAs integrated MEMS components. MESFETs for 5.8-GHz MMICs. GaAs- and InP-based HBT Reliability M. Feng,* D. Barlage, M. Heins U.S. Army Research Office, DAAH04-94-0369 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project is to set up an HBT reliability test. HBT reliability has become a major issue because of
* Denotes principal investigator.
35 heterostructure interface and fast diffuse p-type impurities InGaAs/InP BiFET for ADC Applications in both InP- and GaAs-based HBTs. We will test HBT M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, H. Hsia, Z. Tang devices from Rockwell, Hughes, and TRW for the basic Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-97- failure mechanism. C-8618 GaN HBT Technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* J. J. Huang We have developed a 200-GHz InGaAs/InP HFET and U.S. Navy, UTA 99-0302 integrated it with a 200-GHz HBT. Using this technology, Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory we will construct a fifth-order Sigma-Delta ADC for a 16- bit and 3 FDR > 100 dbc. GaN has great potential to be a power source in millimeter wave ICs and high-speed electronics due to its large InGaP HBT for ADC Applications breakdown voltage and higher saturation velocity. In M. Feng,* D. W. Seo, J. Mu, M. Heins collaborate with Prof. Dupuis at the University of Texas at Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, N66001-96- Austin, we have fabricated GaN HBT with beta >100. C-8615 There are many problems to be solved in terms of current Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and power efficiency issues at millimeter wave frequency. We are developing an InGaP HBT device model (thermal High-Frequency Measurement Project on High-Tc and electrical model) for implantation into MDS and Superconductor HSPICs. The second-order Sigma-Delta ADCs with 5 M. Feng,* J. Fendrich, H. S. K. Hsia Gbits and 8-bit resolution has been designed, simulated, National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20539 and fabricated. In conjunction with the Science and Technology Center for Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (II) Superconductivity. Conducted in the Micro and (IVHS) Nanotechnology Laboratory. M. Feng,* H. Hsia This project has contributed to the study of BKBO and Northrop Grumman Corp. YBCO film characterization at microwave and terahertz Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory frequencies. A parallel-plate resonator (10 GHz) was built to characterize sheet resistance in the microwave This project is a follow-up of the TRP/DARPA contract frequency. A noncontact coherent time-domain based on the success of the University of Illinois 24-GHz spectroscopy (THz) was used to characterize real and and 38-GHz GaAs MESFET MMIC for LNA and VCO. imaginary parts of conductivity. An on-wafer cryogenic The new contract is aimed at low-cost implementation of microwave probing technique (1-40 GHz, 15-300K) is a 0.1 μm gate GaAs MESFET and MMIC by direct ion employed to establish patterned film scattering parameter. implantation for 77-GHz LNA and VCO collision This work also aims to develop engineering model avoidance radar. parameters using a GHz on-wafer probe technique. Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Chip Sets (IVHS) Hybrid and Monolithic OEIC Receivers M. Feng,* P. Apostolakis, J. Middleton M. Feng* Northrop Grumman Corp. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Center for Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Optoelectronics Science and Technology This project is a joint development effort between the Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory University of Illinois and Northrop Grumman Corp. on This project is aimed at hybrid integration of a PIN/GaAs millimeter-wave IC chip sets for IVHS. We will design transimpedance amplifier at 20 GHz operation. The transmitter, receiver, mixer, and oscillator millimeter- monolithic IC is involved in design and fabrication of 4- wave ICs using co-planar technology. The mask and channel OEIC receivers using GaAs MESFET technology. fabrication will use University of Illinois ion implanted, super-low-noise GaAs MESFETs, and a monolithic IC process.
* Denotes principal investigator.
36 Millimeter Wave Technology HBT and HFET frequency device characterization, an equivalent circuit M. Feng* model will be generated. This model will then be used for Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. MMWIC design. The fabrication of the MMWICs will be demonstrated. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Noise Characterization of Self-Aligned Gate GaAs We will design and fabricate MOCVD-grown, doped MESFETs channel HFETs and InGaP and AlGaAs HBTs. We will M. Feng* characterize these devices and optimize their performance ITT Corp. for 24- to 77-GHz applications. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Millimeter-Wave ICs and Packages M. Feng* This project aims to reduce the minimum noise figure on Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF Package Research the direct ion-implanted self-aligned GaAs MESFETs Center based on the design of experiments in terms of dose and gate overlay. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Novel Giga Sampling Analog-to-Digital Conversion for This project is to develop 38-GHz and 77-GHz coplanar Direct Digital Receiver MMICs for flip chip packages. M. Feng,* D. W. Seo MOCVD HEMT Technology National Science Foundation, ECS-9979341 M. Feng,* Z. Tang Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Sumitomo Chemical America, Inc. We proposed novel GHz ADC architecture, the folding and Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory interpolation-based 15-bit subrange A/D converter, will We will investigate the performance of MOCVD grown P- reduce the transistor count by one-third and the area by HEMT and HEMT technology and its performance 60%. The subrange ADC requires a very precise and wide- comparison between MESFETs and MBE-grown HEMTs. band track and hold amplifier to maximize input bandwidth Modeling of Flip Chip Interconnects for RF/Wireless to great than 2 GHz and converter resolution to greater than M. Feng,* J. Schutt-Aine 15 bits. Georgia Institute of Technology, NSF ERC Package Optical Correlation Spectroscopy Using Research Center, SBC GIT E21-N50-G5 Reconfigurable Diffraction Grating Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory M. Feng,* Q. He, K. F. Chen, J. J. Huang Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Center The next generation of wireless personal communication (DARPA) BOSS Program, MDA972-00-1-0020 links and wireless LAN and WAN will be focused in the millimeter wave range due to wide bandwidths and less Under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency interference effects. This work is to develop a low-cost Center for Bio-Optical Sensor System. In collaboration solution of millimeter-wave MMICs flip chip technology. with K. Y. Cheng. Conducted in the Micro and This work will provide the design, simulation, and process Nanotechnology Laboratory. of MMICs operating at 38 GHz for a real application in Sponsored by DARPA, the goal of this program is to point-to-point communication links. The Georgia Tech develop a nano spectrometer for biological and chemical PRC will provide the flip chip package technology. agents detection. Our group is to design and fabricate re- Monolithic Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits configurable grating using novel MEMS switch. It is Technology capable of detecting 3-10 μm wavelength. M. Feng* Northrop Grumman Corp. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This project is a joint effort with Northrop Grumman Corp. for developing 0.25 μm gate and 0.1 μm gate GaAs FET- based technology for the application in monolithic millimeter wave ICs (MMWICs). Based on the high-
* Denotes principal investigator.
37 Technology for Efficient, Agile Mixed Signal YBCO Superconducting Transmission Line Microsystems Characterization M. Feng,* R. Chan, K. F. Chen, W. G. Ho M. Feng,* J. Fendrich Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, TEAM Superconductor Technology Inc. Program Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Under BAE Systems and collaboration with Greg Timp. This project studies the design rule of MCM using a Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. superconductor as an interconnect line. Loss and phase The goal is to develop silicon RF CMOS with Ft and Fmax delay are compared between gold and the superconductor > 400GHz with 20 nm gate. The RF mixed signal circuits line. Bit-error-rate and crosstalk will also be examined. will be developed based the fastest RF CMOS technology. Technology for Frequency Agile Digitally Synthesized Magnetic Resonance Transmitter M. Feng,* J. Lai, M. Hafez, M. Hampson, D. Chan, Studies of Relational (Declarative) Memory Processing B. Chu-Kung N. J. Cohen, A. G. Webb* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency TFAST National Science Foundation, DBI 0092400 Program Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Under BAE Systems and Vitesse Semiconductor. and Technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. This study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging in The goal is to develop InP DHBT with Ft and Fmax > 500 humans for identifying areas of the brain involved in GHz with sub-micron scaling of emitter size down to 0.1 memory processing. micron. The technology is also required to demonstrate Studying Neurovascular Coupling in Aging with Flip-Flop speed over 200 GHz. A VLSI InP technology of Optical Methods over 10,000 transistor level of mixed signal Direct Digital M. Fabiani, M. D’Esposito, E. Gratton, G. Gratton, Synthesizer (DDS) will be developed. A. Kramer, E. McAuley, A. G. Webb* VCSEL and Smart Pixels for VLSI Photonics National Institutes of Health M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr., K.-Y. Cheng, K. C. Hsia Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Technology DAAG55-98-1-0303 This area of research is concerned with using functional Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared This project is to develop oxide confined VCSELs at 85 spectroscopy to study the effects of aging on brain structure nm and 1330 nm, as well as smart pixels for VSLI and function. photonics. Analysis and Design of RF Resonators for MRI Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- Applications Based Quantum Computers J. Jin,* R. L. Magin, A. G. Webb M. Feng,* R. Chan, C. Chuang National Science Foundation, ECS 94-57735 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Quantum RF resonators, also known as RF coils, RF antennas, and Computer Program, DAAD19-01-1-0324 electromagnetic probes, are crucial devices for obtaining In collaboration with John Tucker. Conducted in the Micro high-quality magnetic resonance images for clinical and Nanotechnology Laboratory. diagnosis. In this project, researchers develop numerical methods for analysis and design of such resonators for MRI The goal is to place individual phosphorus donors into applications. Specific mathematical models will be silicon with atomic precision, demonstrate electronic developed for low- and high-field MRI systems, which control over wavefunction overlap, and characterize the may include high-frequency phase variation and bioeffect spin singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system on dosimetry for RF fields. couple donor pairs.
* Denotes principal investigator.
38 Constrained Spectroscopic Imaging nuclear magnetic resonance. This leads to advantages in Z. P. Liang,* P. C. Lauterbur* packaging for planar microcoils and increases in the signal- National Institutes of Health, 1R01CA51430-01A4 to-noise ratio. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Neurocognitive Mechanisms: Appetitive and Aversive and Technology Emotion G. Miller, W. Heller, M. Banich, A. G. Webb* Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging promises to National Institutes of Drug Addiction provide an entirely new way to examine the dynamics of human biochemical processes in vivo noninvasively. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science However, its practical applications have been limited and Technology because of low sensitivity and long imaging time. The The goal is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging primary objective of this research is to develop to study the effects of aversive emotion tasks in humans. mathematical methods to effectively utilize the readily available anatomical information to constrain the spectral Optimized Hyperthermia Treatment of Prostate distribution to reduce imaging time without compromising Cancer Using a Novel Intracavitary Ultrasound Array spatial resolution. N. Smith, R. Keolian, V. Sparrow, L. Harpster, A. G. Webb* Functional Brain Imaging Department of Defense, DAMD17-02-1-0124 Z. P. Liang,* J. Ji National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; Beckman Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science This collaboration designs ultrasound transducer arrays for and Technology destroying prostate cancer via thermal ablation. The primary objective of this project is to develop new Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance signal-processing algorithms for detecting brain activities J. V. Sweedler, A. G. Webb* from functional MRI data. Researchers are investigating a National Institutes of Health, PHS 2 RO1 GM53030-04 wavelet-transform-based filtering and t-test method for Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science signal detection and a multiscale method for image and Technology registration and motion correction. This project designs NMR microcoils for studying MR Imaging of Time-Varying Objects chemical separation processes, and involves the Z. P. Liang,* Y. Bresler,* J. Ji, A. Sen Gupta, A. Guo construction of multicoil probeheads. National Science Foundation, BES 95-02121; National Institutes of Health, NIH-R21-HL062336 Investigation of Pore-scale Processes that Affect Soil Vapor Extraction Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory A. Valocchi, C. Werth, A. G. Webb* Conventional MR imaging techniques have been widely Department of Energy, DOE DEFG07-99ER 15007 used to obtain high-resolution images from stationary Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science objects. For time-varying objects such as the beating heart, and Technology however, significant image artifacts often arise that render the image useless. This project aims to develop a new class This project uses magnetic resonance imaging to study the of data acquisition and image reconstruction methods for dissolution of pollutants in various sands and soils. real-time imaging of cardiac structures and functions. Applications of NMR Microspectroscopy to An Integrated NMR Combinatorial Chemistry R. L. Magin,* A. G. Webb A. G. Webb,* R. Subramanian, J. V. Sweedler National Science Foundation, DBI 96-05829 Smith Kline Beecham Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Microlithographic and MEMS technology are being used Combinatorial chemistry is the most recently developed to integrate the individual components of the receiver for synthetic pathway whereby up to a million new therapeutic
* Denotes principal investigator.
39 drugs can be produced simultaneously. The very small Subcellular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging quantities of material (less than 100 pmoles) preclude A. G. Webb* structural identification by traditional high-resolution National Science Foundation, DBI-9722320 NMR. Our efforts are concentrated on designing RF Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science microcoils for operation at high magnetic fields (>11 T) and Technology for efficient detection of these chemical products. The goals involve the design of radio frequency NMR In Vivo MRI Thermometry Using New Functional microcoils for single cell spectroscopy and imaging. Imaging Agents A. G. Webb* Ultrahigh Field Probes for Magnetic Resonance Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Foundation Imaging and Spectroscopy A. G. Webb,* S. J. Blackband, T. H. Mareci Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science National Science Foundation and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Fluorine- and proton-based phase-transition agents are and Technology being synthesized for in vivo temperature mapping using magnetic resonance imaging. Applications to Nuclear magnetic resonance microprobes are being hyperthermia treatment of cancer are being investigated. constructed for operation at the highest frequency magnets in the world at the National High Magnetic Field Nanoliter Volume Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory at Tallahassee, Fla. Coil characterization A. G. Webb,* J. V. Sweedler includes measurements of self-resonant frequencies and National Institutes of Health, PHS 1R01GM53030-01 magnetic susceptibility for different geometries. High- Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science resolution spectroscopy and microimaging experiments and Technology are being performed. The aim is to develop microscopic hardware so that single- cell imaging and spectroscopy experiments can be run Optical and Discharge Physics using the model system Aplysia californica. Using techniques such as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, the Startup Processes in Metal Halide Lamps physical environment of neuropeptides within vesicles can J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner, R. Moss, A. Bhoj, be determined, giving valuable information on the mode of T. Sommerer (GE) action of these metabolites. General Electric R&D Center Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging High pressure, metal halide lamps are typically the lighting A. G. Webb* sources used for street lamps, stadiums, warehouses, and National Science Foundation, DBI 97-22320 other large indoor arenas. Metal halide lamps start as room temperature, glow discharges. Upon heating, metal-halide Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science compounds in the lamps vaporize to generate and Technology multiatmosphere pressure plasmas, which then produce Using microscopic NMR coils and small magnetic field nearly continuum radiation. The starting process usually gradients, the resolution of NMR microimaging can involves applying high-voltage pulses to tens to one theoretically be improved to 1 to 2 cubic microns. hundred Torr of Ar gas with a small admixture of mercury Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that limit or another low ionization potential rare gas. Optimizing resolution and devising new methods to overcome these this process will ultimately produce longer lived, more limitations. Biological experiments on spinal cord tissue reliable lamps. In this research project, advanced computer are also planned. modeling and laser diagnostics are being used to investigate the fundamental plasma processes that occur during startup of metal-halide lamps. Of particular interest are the plasma-surface interactions on the cathode that result in sputtering of cathode materials. Methods to minimize sputtering without using costly exotic materials are being formulated.
* Denotes principal investigator.
40 Optical Biopsy of Cancer using Optical Coherence Optical Imaging Tomography S. A. Boppart,* J. J. Coleman, K. D. Choquette, BIOPHOTONICS: Optical Coherence Elastography M. Shahidi, R. Folberg, T. DasGupta and Biomechanical Modeling of Developing Tissues [email protected] S. A. Boppart,* N. Aluru University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and [email protected] University of Illinois at Chicago Intercampus Research National Science Foundation, BES 05-19920 Initiative on Biotechnology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology As the field of tissue engineering advances, new methods The high-resolution, real-time imaging capabilities of are needed to develop a more physiological and functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow for the tissue. This project involves the development a new optical acquisition of "optical biopsies" of tissue. Images diagnostic technique to quantify changing biomechanical approaching the level of histology can be acquired without properties in developing embryos and engineered tissues. the physical resection and processing of tissue that is Experimental data will be incorporated into predictive common practice today. A compact and portable OCT computational models to better understand how “form system is being constructed for clinical use in local follows function” and how the biomechanical properties of hospitals and at the University of Illinois at Chicago. This developing tissue contribute to the resulting organization. system will be used to identify various stages of cancer Ultimately, this will lead to a better understanding of how growth as well as metastases and be compared directly to external mechanical forces may be used to affect both form results obtained with histology, the gold-standard for and function in developing and engineered tissues. diagnosis. In certain clinical scenarios, the use of real-time CAREER: Functional Optical Coherence Tomography OCT may replace the need for tissue excision and analysis. for Neural Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography of Cardiovascular S. A. Boppart,* B. C. Wheeler, W. T. Greenough, Development R. Gillette S. A. Boppart* [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, BES 03-47747 American Heart Association, #0355396Z Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology Functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) is being The development and function of the cardiovascular developed to noninvasively track optical changes in neural system is a complex process that too frequently results in tissue that occur during electrical activity. In analogy to structural or functional congenital abnormalities. With functional MRI, this new technique will permit the analysis recent advances in functional genomics, it is not possible of not only neural structure at high resolutions, but also to site-specifically modify the genome to elucidate the physiological function at the cellular and molecular level. genetic causes of these heart defects. Optical coherence The use of noninvasive optical techniques can overcome tomography (OCT) and Doppler OCT are being used to many of the current technical limitations in image and characterize both structural and functional neurophysiology encountered in the use of single-point changes that occur in the cardiovascular system. Data from micropipette recordings, the use of complex parallel banks these studies are likely to improve our ability to visualize of sensitive electronics, or the use of voltage-sensitive dyes the effects of not only structural changes, but also that are toxic to cells over extended periods of time. functional changes in cardiac performance.
* Denotes principal investigator.
41 Optical Imaging of Dynamic Three-Dimensional A Nonlinear Optical Coherence Tomography System Engineered Tissues for Biomolecular Detection and Intervention S. A. Boppart,* D. E. Leckband, T. Desai S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, D. D. Dlott, B. Kitchell, [email protected] D. Marks National Institutes of Health, #1 R01 EB00108-1 [email protected] National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Technology #NAS2-02057 Engineered tissues are advancing from thin layers of Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science patterned cells to complex three-dimensional tissues and Technology grown on micropatterned three-dimensional biocompatible scaffolds. To emulate the physiologic Nonlinear optical techniques, such as coherent anti-Stokes environment, mechanical forces during tissue growth will Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, offer the advantage play a crucial role. This project is developing advanced for detecting specific molecular bonds within cells. This three-dimensional optical imaging techniques for project is developing a nonlinear interferometric visualizing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during vibrational imaging technique that will enable the three- the growth of engineered tissues under static and dynamic dimensional spatial mapping of molecular composition mechanical forces. Primary engineered tissues of interest within living cells and tissues. This novel technique will include blocks of cardiac myocytes and endothelial cell- be used to detect biomolecular signatures that are specific lined vascular constructs. to precancerous and malignant cells. High-intensity ultrashort optical pulses will be used subsequently to ablate Plasmon-Resonant Nanorods as Multifunctional abnormal cells. Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography S. A. Boppart,* A. Wei Near-Field Optical Power-Extinction Tomography [email protected] P. S. Carney,* V. Markel, J. C. Schotland, E. Wolf, National Institutes of Health (National Cancer Institute), G. S. Agarwal 1 R01 EB001777 [email protected] U.S. Air Force Multidisciplinary Research Program of the Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science University Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379; and Technology National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 Recent advances in molecular imaging involve the use of Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science contrast agents to site-specifically label cells and tissues of and Technology interest. This project involves the development of novel nanoparticle contrast agents that have specific absorption Near-field optical power-extinction tomography (NOPET) properties detectable with optical coherence tomography. represents the intersection of total internal reflection Gold particle nanospheres and nanorods will have strong tomography (TIRT) and optical power-extinction absorption properties for not only detection, but also for tomography (OPET) where the probe beams of OPET are inducing local hyperthermia for the selective destruction replaced with evanescent waves as in TIRT for sample of cancer cells. illumination. With this technique it is possible to produce sub-wavelength resolved tomographs of scattering objects from the power lost from the probe fields. Near-Field Scanning Optical Tomography P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland [email protected] National Science Foundation Career Award, 0239265 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Near-field scanning optical tomography (NSOT) explores the extension of imaging modalities such as photon scanning tunneling microscopy (PSTM) and near-field
* Denotes principal investigator.
42 scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to samples that Total Internal Reflection Tomography contain three-dimensional structure or when the probe tip P. S. Carney,* J. C. Schotland, R. A. Frazin; is not scanned in grazing proximity to the sample. We solve D. G. Fischer (NASA) the linearized inverse scattering problem to produce sub- [email protected] wavelength resolved tomographs of the object under these NASA, NAG3-2764 conditions. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Optical Power-Extinction Tomography and Technology P. S. Carney,* E. Wolf, G. S. Agarwal Total internal reflection tomography (TIRT) is an imaging [email protected] modality that makes use of the evanescent waves to Beckman Research Award; U.S. Air Force illuminate and probe a sample. The probe depth is Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University controlled through the exponential decay of the evanescent Research Initiative Grant, F49620-03-1-0379 wave. In principle, this form of illumination can also enable Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science super-resolved imaging where features smaller than a and Technology wavelength can be resolved. To take practical advantage of this capability, it is necessary to solve the inverse Optical power-extinction tomography (OPET) makes use scattering problem that is the focus of this project. We are of the power lost from two coherent beams, which currently constructing an instrument to take the appropriate simultaneously interrogate a scattering object, to generate measurements. a tomograph (three-dimensional image) of that object in a similar manner as computed axial tomography (CAT) makes use of the attenuation of individual beams of x-rays Optical Physics and Engineering through an absorbing object to generate a tomograph. We are currently developing a prototype instrument. Initial Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Nano-Optics results are promising. P. S. Carney* [email protected] Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope National Science Foundation NER Grant, 0210495 P. S. Carney* [email protected] Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science University of Illinois and Technology Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires are tiny and Technology objects (1000 times thinner than a human hair) that have recently drawn considerable attention in the scientific and A photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is a engineering communities because of their novel structural device where the object is illuminated by an evanescent and electrical properties. We will theoretically investigate wave generated at the face of a prism or slide and the field the optical and optoelectronic properties of these is detected via a fiber probe in the near-zone of the sample structures. (as in near-field scanning optical tomography). The data obtained with a PSTM are not amenable to direct Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Cartilage Engineering interpretation, but we show sufficient information exists in B. T. Cunningham, D. Griffon the raw data to numerically compute the two-dimensional [email protected], [email protected] structure of a thin sample, thus achieving a computational Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology lens for the near-field. Demonstration of this work has just Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, been accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the College of Veterinary Medicine The project aims to optimize production of chitosan nanofibers with nanometer-scale diameter for chondrocyte attachment and proliferation. Utilizing nanometer-scale lithography, a silicon template wafer is used to produce large area rubber molds. By filling the molds with chitosan solution, curing the chitosan solution to a solid, and
* Denotes principal investigator.
43 harvesting the cured fibers from the mold, large Tunable Optical Filters Using Photonic Crystals and populations of fibers with any desired diameter can be Nonlinear Dyes produced in large quantities. The fibers produced by this B. T. Cunningham method will be used to determine the extent to which the [email protected] diameter of chitosan fibers affects in vitro chondrogenesis. Batelle Our working hypothesis is that decreasing the diameter of Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory chitosan fibers will improve chondrocytes’ attachment, proliferation, and matrix production. Photonic crystal narrowband reflectance filters can be designed with resonant wavelengths over the visible Optical Biosensors portion of the light spectrum and may have utility as B. T. Cunningham countermeasures against laser-based systems designed to [email protected] induce temporary or permanent blindness in pilots. A SRU Biosystems photonic crystal that would block laser illumination at Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory specific wavelengths while allowing all other wavelengths to reach the pilot's eyes could be incorporated into the visor An optical biosensor is used to rapidly screen protein-small of a fighter pilot. In addition, a photonic crystal-based visor molecule interactions that are not easily screened by other might incorporate nonlinear dye material that would methods. The assay is based upon a sensor technology rapidly respond to hostile laser illumination and would called a "photonic crystal" structure that is inexpensively allow controllable tuning of the filtered wavelength. manufactured from sheets of plastic film and incorporated into disposable microplates. By eliminating the need for a Arrays of Microdischarges: A New Generation of label, the assay is less susceptible to errors and artifacts Lighting Sources caused by conformational change or blocking of active J. G. Eden,* M. J. Kushner,* N. P. Ostrom, S. McCain, binding epitopes. It is envisioned that the technology will A. Bhoj, K. Rajaraman, I. Mitchell be used in the context of a primary screen of a chemical Electric Power Research Institute, EP-P6654/C3385 library and as a secondary screen for measuring dose- This experimental and computational program is devoted response characteristics of a protein-small molecule to investigating diatomic molecules as efficient emitters combination. for lamps. The microdischarge serves as the platform with Photonic Crystal Biosensor Nanostructures and which a wide variety of diatomics (excimers, metal- Materials for Advanced Performance halides, etc.) will be studied. A close linkage between B. T. Cunningham* experimental results and theoretical predictions is a key [email protected] element of this research effort. National Science Foundation Equipment for Machining of Microdischarge Devices Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory J. G. Eden,* C. Herring, J. Gao, A. Oldenburg U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, The specific aims of the research project investigate means F49620-99-1-0106 for advancing the state-of-the-art for photonic crystal biosensor performance and applications. Sensor designs Under the DOD DURIP program, equipment is being will be approached first by computer simulation using purchased to facilitate the fabrication of microdischarge rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite devices in silicon and other materials systems. A 1-kHz difference time domain (FDTD) methods, followed by pulse repetition frequency Ti:sapphire regenerative fabrication and testing of the structure. The design goals amplifier will be used with an existing oscillator to will be to produce more narrow resonant spectra, higher ablatively machine microchannels in silicon for use in surface/volume ratio, and higher electromagnetic field arrays of discharge devices. Also, vacuum ultraviolet interaction with adsorbed material than first-generation optics enabling arrays of sub-50 μm diameter cylindrical designs. The incorporation of different materials to channels to be machined in Si metals or SiO2 at 193 nm increase surface electromagnetic field intensity, and have been obtained. The introduction of polymer films into structures to maximize the interaction of the field with these multilayer devices as dielectrics or emission down- adsorbed biomolecules, will be demonstrated. converters is another thrust of this program.
* Denotes principal investigator.
44 Experimental Studies of Microdischarge Devices and devices and arrays fabricated in Si and glass. Arrays Improvements in the regenerative amplifier of a Ti:Al2O3 J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, S. Kim, P. Galvez, J. Tang femtosecond system, including its pulse energy and U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, bandwidth, have also been made. F49620-99-1-0317 Microdischarge Arrays: Phase 2 This research program is focused on fabricating and J. G. Eden,* N. P. Ostrom, S. J. Park, K. Chen, examining the properties of arrays of microdischarge S. O. Kim devices. A variety of processes (wet and dry chemical [email protected] processing, laser ablation, and ultrasonic milling) are U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AF EWING employed to fabricate cylindrical and pyramidal cathodes TECHNOLOGY 03-1 in silicon as part of a multilayer structure suitable for large- The focus of this research program is scaling of scale production. The properties of arrays and single 4 5 devices operating in the rare gases are of particular interest, microdischarge arrays to 10 -10 devices and emitted –2 and emphasis is being placed on the characteristics of power densities of 0.1-1 W-cm in the ultraviolet. Arrays devices smaller than 50 μm. are being fabricated in silicon with devices having inverted square pyramidal cathodes and polymer or Fabrication of Large Area, High Density multicomponent dielectrics. Large arrays have also been Microdischarge Arrays on Flexible Substrates successfully constructed and operated in glass in which the J. G. Eden* pixels are excited with an interdigitated electrode [email protected] configuration. Several diatomic molecular emitters and National Science Foundation; Anvik Corporation excitation processes are under investigation, with initial In collaboration with the Anvik Corporation, the emphasis on mid- and near-UV emitters. fabrication of large arrays of microcavity discharge devices Microdischarge Devices and Arrays: Quantum and on flexible substrates is being pursued. Excimer laser Coherence Effects micromachining techniques, combined with roll-to-roll J. G. Eden,* S. J. Park, C. J. Wagner, N. P. Ostrom, processing, are attractive for inexpensively manufacturing A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, C. Zhu, B. Ricconi microdischarge devices in large area arrays. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Phenomena F49620-00-1-0372 J. G. Eden* A family of photonic devices, known as microdischarges, [email protected] is being developed under this multiyear program. Based Northrop Grumman Corp. on microplasmas confined to volumes of nanoliters or less, Experiments are being conducted in which ultrafast laser these devices have remarkable properties, including the pulses (~100-150 fs) produce ionized filaments in air or ability to operate as stable glows at atmospheric pressure other gases. Peak optical field intensities exceeding 1013 and with specific power loadings of several tens of kW- -3 W-cm-2 are sufficient to produce stable channels having cm . Single devices and arrays as large as 30 x 30 pixels extraordinary optical and electrical characteristics. In have been fabricated in silicon, ceramic, and metal/ particular, emphasis is being placed on the coherent polymer structures. Many applications, including broad- nonlinear optical processes occurring in these filaments. area UV sources, pump sources for microchip lasers, arc lamp ignition, and gas chromatography, are being pursued. Large Microdischarge Arrays: Diagnostic and Other research thrusts in this program are femtosecond Fabrication Equipment spectroscopy of small molecules by coherent nonlinear J. G. Eden,* A. A. Senin, Z. Lu, J. R. Allen, optical processes and the study of the optical properties of J. M. Talmadge, C. Zhu, S. J. Park nanoparticles for lasers and biosensing applications. U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD19-01-1-0417 Funds have been provided to purchase equipment for experiments exploring nonlinear optical processes in intense optical fields and the behavior and fabrication of microdischarge devices having dimensions below 100 µm. These equipment items have significantly improved the characterization and functionality of microdischarge
* Denotes principal investigator.
45 Microdischarge Long Wave Infrared Source Microdischarges for Phased Arrays of Low Coherence Technology Development Emitters, and Microchip and Microsphere Lasers J. G. Eden* J. G. Eden* [email protected] [email protected] Northrop Grumman Corp. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-03-1-0391 The characteristics of microcavity plasma devices as emitters in the infrared (5-12 μm) are being studied in A new family of photonic devices, known as microcavity experiments with a variety of device designs. discharges, is being developed under this multiyear Spectroscopic and power measurements of single devices program. Based on microplasmas confined to volumes of and arrays are being carried out in conjunction with nanoliters (or less) and spatial dimensions of nominally theoretical studies. 10-100 μm, these devices exhibit remarkable optical and electrical properties. The fabrication of single devices and Microdischarge Micro-Thruster Technology arrays as visible or ultraviolet emitters for applications in Development biomedical diagnostics, displays, and environmental J. G. Eden* sensing is being pursued. Microcavity discharge devices [email protected] with semiconductor cathodes have also been observed to Ewing Technology Associates be sensitive detectors of visible and near-infrared radiation, The potential of microcavity discharges as sources of thrust and the properties of these new photodetectors are under for small ("pico") satellites is under investigation. investigation. An emphasis of this program is the Experiments measuring the electrical characteristics of realization of two-dimensional arrays of microemitters in robust device structures, including Ni/BN/Ni designs, are which adjacent pixels are optically coupled. being conducted to assess the magnitude of thrust Novel Miniature Diagnostic Using Microdischarge attainable as well as the device lifetime. Technology Microdischarges and Rare Earth-Doped Waveguide J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner Devices: Visible and Ultraviolet Sources for Lasers and National Science Foundation; SBIR; SBC ETA UI-99-09- Sensors P1 J. G. Eden,* C. Wagner, A. Oldenburg, A. Senin, This SBIR program is developing chemical sensors based F. Shen, J. Conway on microdischarges fabricated in a "flow through" U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, geometry. Because of the high specific power loadings F49620-98-1-0030 accessible with microdischarges (> 100 kW-cm-3), arrays The demonstration of new sources of ultraviolet and visible of these devices are well suited for the remediation of toxic radiation is the thrust of this research program. Current gases. The emission spectra of gases flowing through a efforts are two-pronged. Microdischarge devices single 100–400 μm diameter microdischarge are presently developed in this laboratory are under study as emission being studied as a diagnostic of molecular fragmentation sources for displays or as chemical sensors. Cylindrical and in the discharge and as a means of detecting impurities in typically 20 to 400 μm in diameter, these microdischarges the gas flow stream. have properties (VI characteristics, specific power loading) that are unique and quite attractive for a variety of Spatially-Resolved Detection of Weak Magnetic Fields applications. The second facet of this research effort is the by Laser Magneto-Optical Techniques study of nonlinear optical phenomena on the sub-100 fs J. G. Eden,* J. Gao,* J. M. Talmadge, R. Roth, A. Fai U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, time scale and at intensities exceeding 1010 W-cm-2. Using F49620-01-1-0546 colliding pulse mode-locked and Ti:Al2O3 laser systems, wave packet formation, four-wave mixing, and high-order Magneto-optical techniques are being developed under this harmonic generation are being studied, both program to detect weak (< 1 nT) magnetic fields for experimentally and theoretically. biomedical applications. By employing epitaxial films of novel garnet films in combination with nonlinear optical processes and synchronous detection, magnetic fields as low as 10 nT have been detected reliably.
* Denotes principal investigator.
46 Visible and Infrared Laser Spectroscopy J. G. Eden,* J. Gao, C. Zhu, A. A. Senin, R. Kogler, Optoelectronics D. Miftakhutdinov Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical [email protected] Manufacturing Systems Northrop Grumman Corp. K. D. Choquette* Atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy in the visible, [email protected] ultraviolet, and infrared is the focus of this research effort. National Science Foundation Currently, emphasis is being placed on the spectroscopy of The objective of the NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical- the Rydberg states of the neon dimer and rubidium dimers. Electrical-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Excitation spectroscopy of the neon dimer has yielded the (NanoCEMMS) is the development of a manufacturing first rotationally resolved bands as well as observation of capability for manipulation and sensing of materials triplet splitting. As a result, structural constants of the ultimately at the nanometer scale. To this end, the Photonic molecule have been determined. Femtosecond studies of Device Research Group is developing optical sources for the dissociation of diatomic molecules, observed in real application in the eventual toolbit, which enables a new time, are also being carried out. revolution of manufacturing. We are developing photonic Metal Halide Lamp Plasma Model crystal vertical cavity lasers that employ photonic crystal J. Gao,* J. G. Eden,* F. Shen effects in the direction of light propagation. These devices APL Engineered Materials are promising for the high-power, single-mode operation Calculations of ground and excited state potentials of that will be required for optical sensing at the toolbit. The excimer molecules of interest for lamp applications are holes inherent to this device are also suitable for material being carried out. Comparison of experimental introduction pores of the toolbit assembly. In addition, we photoassociation spectra with quantum calculations has are developing integrated vertical cavity surface emitting resulted in improved molecular spectroscopic constants for lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors. Such a device will the xenon-monoiodide excimer that emits in the deep find application in fluorescence identification and position ultraviolet at 254 nm. The optimization procedure also sensing. We are thus pursuing close packed 2-dimensional involves comparison with emission data, and subsequent arrays of intermeshed VCSELs and photodetectors for use studies will focus on the mercury dimer. as optical sensors. Integration of Photonic Crystal Sensors with Nanofluid Next-Generation Optical Materials and Devices Flow Channels K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman P. Kenis, and B. T. Cunningham [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] National Science Foundation NSF Center for Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical- The goal of nanotechnology is to create materials and Mechanical Manufacturing Systems (NanoCEMMS) devices that exhibit novel and significantly improved Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory properties due to their nanoscale size. We are developing and in Roger Adams Laboratory nanophotonic light sources with enhanced characteristics for future photonic ultra-high-capacity communication The project objective is to incorporate plastic-based systems. We seek to combine aggressive advances in 3- photonic crystal optical sensors within nanofluidic flow dimensional electronic confinement obtained from channels for the detection of biochemical interactions quantum dots with the unprecedented optical confinement between mixed reagents, temperature of reagents, pressure achieved from photonic crystals to develop the next within sealed reaction vessels, and as a means for generation of highly efficient microcavity optical sources. indicating the presence or absence of fluid at particular locations within a fluid network. Using integrated sensors Photonic Crystal Emitters for Next Generation Light and fluid control within a single small chip, we plan to Sources demonstrate the ability to simultaneously monitor large K. D. Choquette* numbers of photonic crystal sensors within the chip using [email protected] a noncontact optical imaging scanner instrument. Army Research Laboratories We are developing vertical cavity laser sources with enhanced characteristics for future photonic and remote
* Denotes principal investigator.
47 sensing applications. Our devices consist of vertical cavity VCSEL Reliability surface emitting lasers that are transversely defined by a K. D. Choquette* photonic crystal. The pursuit of suitable nanotechnologies [email protected] required for photonic crystal fabrication in a variety of Sun Microsystems materials is under way. Specifically, electron beam and We are investigating the reliability of vertical cavity focused ion beam lithography are being developed for surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating under high photonic crystal fabrication. This work will also focus on temperature and humidity. This research involves the transversely coupled photonic crystal defects, producing fabrication of several different VCSEL structures, which coherently coupled vertical cavity laser arrays. will be life tested. After testing, the characteristics of the Photonic Crystal Nanophotonic Devices VCSELs will be examined, and in particular the influence K. D. Choquette* of the laser structure on reliability will be ascertained. [email protected] Fiber Optical Force Sensors for Truck Hunting U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Applications The objective is to develop nanophotonic devices based S. L. Chuang,* M. Chuang upon photonic crystal nanocavities employing a variety of [email protected] semiconductor material systems. Our goal is to develop the Association of American Railroads photonic crystal design and processing techniques to The objective is to develop fiber optical force sensors for maximize cavity quality values, minimize cavity volume, measurement of time-dependent lateral impact force on the and minimize waveguide loss. We will also explore novel track for truck hunting applications in railroads. We have vertical photonic crystal nanocavities incorporating succeeded in two designs of fiber optical force sensors quantum dots, and pursue coupling photonic crystal based on the attenuation of light transmission due to cavities and waveguides for integrated devices with post- microbending effects. The idea for our applications is to processing cavity tuning techniques. use our fiber sensors for measurements of lateral impact Spatial, Temporal, and Spectral Localization for force as a function of time at various locations on a track. Advanced Photonic Applications We have previously succeeded in measuring the weigh-in- K. D. Choquette,* J. J. Coleman motion sensor for different waveforms of the force. We will [email protected] apply our experimental techniques to detect the wheel Defense Advanced Research Project Agency impact of the side of the track for lateral force measurement. This technology will have potential Future chip-based optoelectronic systems will require an applications for truck hunting. unprecedented decrease of size and operating power, while simultaneously incorporating greater functionality and Fundamental Research on Infrared Photodetectors complexity. This research program builds on advanced S. L. Chuang,* Y. C. Chang (Physics),* K.-Y. Cheng,* materials and device concepts to create a multifunctional P. D. Coleman, R. Dupuis* (UT–Austin), M. Feng,* photonic crystal based photonic integrated circuit that N. Holonyak, Jr., K. C. Hsieh,* incorporates quantum dot active regions. We will explore J. White* (FS Mater. Res. Lab.) diode injection and extraction to and from engineered [email protected] quantum dot structures, integrated with spatial selectivity U.S. Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary Research within photonic crystal waveguides and optical Program of the University Research Initiative Program, nanocavities. This project will encompass three levels of DAAD 19-01-1-0591 technology research: system integration, novel device This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of the structures, and advanced epitaxial growth. In the Photonic University Research Initiative (MURI) project on the Device Research Group, our objective is to demonstrate a fundamental issues of infrared detection. We will focus on photonic microsystem composed of an electrically injected the following: investigation of HgCdTe defects using first- optical source, compact waveguides, detectors, and optical principles theory together with optical and electrical memory elements. characterization, which includes nanotechnology characterization of both III-V and II-VI materials using the near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM); type II antimony-based quantum-cascade photodetectors; and
* Denotes principal investigator.
48 quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) for high effect to design slow-wave devices using semiconductor sensitivity normal incidence detection. We will also quantum wells and quantum dots. We will develop the band collaborate closely with industry and government structure models of semiconductor quantum dots and laboratories. quantum wells for optical buffer applications and calculate the interband, intersubband transition matrix elements and High-Speed Wavelength-Agile Optical Network the nonlinear optical susceptibility spectrum. S. L. Chuang,* I. Adesida,* K. D. Choquette,* Experimentally, we will characterize semiconductor S. Lumetta* quantum-dot samples and measure the group index of [email protected] novel semiconductor optical buffers, which will be National Science Foundation provided by Prof. Chang-Hasnain's group at the University We propose to explore the architecture and device of California–Berkeley. development issues necessary to develop optical local area Nonlinear Quantum Optical Devices Using Quantum networks (LANs) that are ready to interface with optical Dots metropolitan area networks (MANs). Our goal is to S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. Su develop a clear plan for integration of multiwavelength [email protected] LANs and MANs in order to improve the degree to which Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (University the benefits of high bandwidth in the MANs are delivered of California-Berkeley-prime), DARPA SA4472-32446 to end users on the LANs. Our tasks include the following: quantitatively evaluate the impact of wavelength We propose the use of quantum dots (QDs) for slow light conversion on network reliability and study the design of and optical buffer applications. We will develop the theory all-optical access architectures that leverage high-speed of slow light in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and its wavelength conversion and add/drop channel capabilities; dependence on physical parameters such as dot size, design and fabricate tunable laser sources and wavelength materials, optical pump intensity, and wavelength. The converters using composite resonator vertical cavity lasers; major goal is to achieve variable time delay with a broad design and fabricate a novel semiconductor-based bandwidth from 1 GHz to 40 GHz using semiconductor wavelength converter capable of format-transparent and quantum dot devices. We will also explore the applications ultrafast wavelength conversion; and design and fabricate of coherent quantum effects in low-dimensional add/drop filters and photodetectors. semiconductor structures including quantum dots. This task is part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Model and Design of THz Quantum Cascade Lasers Agency funded Photonics Center at the University of S. L. Chuang,* M. Lerttamrab California-Berkeley with other team members. [email protected] SPIRE Corporation (DARPA Phase-II Award), ARMY Semiconductor Optical Buffers Using Grating Slow- SPIRE 2005-206-00 Wave Devices S. L. Chuang,* M. Fisher We will carry out modeling and design of candidate [email protected] terahertz (THz) quantum cascade (QC) laser structures National Science Foundation with the goal of achieving the highest possible laser operating temperatures. We will also provide device Optical buffering is essential to optical packet switch fabrication and measurement support, as possible with implementations that have been proposed worldwide to University of Illinois facilities. The basic QC laser design overcome future problems with large electronic packet will involve a chirped superlattice injection layer, based on switches. We propose to design and fabricate the A1GaAs/GaAs epitaxial material system. semiconductor-based optical buffers by using sampled gratings, Moirè gratings, and chirped Moirè gratings. Modeling and Experimental Characterization of These gratings will be fabricated using a new method to Semiconductor Optical Buffers obtain a photonic bandgap-engineered material that has a S. L. Chuang,* S. W. Chang, H. Su large index contrast, which is essential for group velocity [email protected] reduction. Our proposed optical buffer, unlike fiber loop Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (University delay lines, is variable by using integrated electro-optical of California–Berkeley-prime) switches or current injection. Another significant The goal of this project is to develop the theoretical models advantage is that other semiconductor optoelectronic and based on the electromagnetically induced transparency optical devices can be integrated with our proposed
* Denotes principal investigator.
49 variable optical buffers since they are based on the same electricity markets requires considerable care. There are semiconductor III-V compounds. The proposed photonic some intrinsic challenges associated with the effective bandgap structure will be fabricated by our collaborator at OPF application in the competitive environment due to the University of California at Berkeley using periodic inherent characteristics of the OPF formulation. Two such buried AlOx channels with growth on a patterned substrate. characteristics are the flatness of the optimum surface and the consequent continuum associated with the optimum. In Slow Light in Semiconductor Quantum Well addition to these OPF structural characteristics, the level Waveguides of authority vested in the central decision-making entity S. L. Chuang,* P. Kondratko has major ramifications. These factors have wide ranging [email protected] economic impacts with implications that are pronounced U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (University of due to the fact that, unlike in the old vertically integrated California-Berkeley-prime), AF UCAL SA4455-32432PG utility environment, various market players are affected We will develop theory for achieving controllable slow- differently. The effects include price volatility, financial down of the group velocity in a narrow transparency health of various players, and the integrity of the market window by applying a pump beam based on the mechanism itself. Researchers apply appropriate metrics to evaluate of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and by market efficiency and how the various players fare. applying an electric field to quantum-well structures with Researchers also study the impacts of OPF applications in an electric field bias (or an external pump). We can control the Pool paradigm, with both supply and demand sides the exciton energy levels and wave functions. Therefore, explicitly modeled, and use extensive numerical we can engineer the slow light effects for applications in simulations. The numerical results show the variability of novel variable optical buffers, which are essential for all- nodal prices and the skew possible in different "optimal" optical networks. allocations among competing suppliers. Such variability in Ultraportable Chemical Sensors Based on the results may lead to serious disputes among the players Chemoresponsive Dye Arrays and the central decision-making authority. K. S. Suslick,* (Chem. Sci.), S. L. Chuang,* M. Chuang, Reactive Load Modeling Impacts on Nodal Prices in P. Kondratko Pool Model Electricity Markets [email protected] E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* HSARPA HSHQPA-05-6-0035 The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; This project is on the development, integration, and Power Systems Engineering Research Center characterization of a colorimetric sensor array, including The project is concerned with the interpretation of nodal further miniaturization of the sensor array through prices in competitive electricity markets based on the Pool noncontact, nonaqueous inkjet printing and the further paradigm. Such prices are the byproducts of the exploration of new chemoresponsive dyes for improved optimization performed by the independent grid operator array response. We are responsible for the design and (IGO) to determine the centralized economic dispatch development of extremely compact and low-energy taking into account all the transmission network and the optoelectronic readout of the arrays using LEDs and CCD physical and operational constraints. The IGO implicitly or CMOS photodetector arrays. takes into account congestion considerations in determining the centralized economic dispatch. Under the Power and Energy Systems Pool paradigm, a system marginal price no longer exists and each bus may have different real and reactive power nodal prices due to line losses and congestion avoidance Optimal Power Flow Application Issues in the Pool considerations that can arise when the limit of one or more Paradigm constraints is reached. The objective is to explore the E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* economic signals provided by these prices and effectively The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; apply them in the design of markets and the rules of the Power Systems Engineering Research Center road for these markets. The main focus of the research is The research focuses on the application of the Optimal on the explicit evaluation of the impacts of the reactive load Power Flow (OPF) to competitive markets. Since the OPF on the nodal real and reactive prices. Researchers adopt a is a central decision-making tool, its application to the more rather general model for the representation of the reactive decentralized decision making in the competitive load: the reactive load at each node is represented as an
* Denotes principal investigator.
50 affine function of the real power load at that node; that is, marked price volatility and leads to price spikes. This is the reactive load is the sum of a constant and a constant particularly true in competitive electricity markets that lack power factor component. This model includes as special demand response. In this study, researchers examine the cases the constant reactive load and the constant power role that demand responsiveness can play in competitive factor load including the case of purely real load electricity markets. corresponding to unity power factor. Researchers Typically, the task of congestion management and investigate the relationship between the real and reactive pricing is vested in the hands of an independent grid nodal prices and evaluate how they are impacted by the operator (IGO). The IGO uses an optimal power flow dual variables due to the various other physical and (OPF) based tool to determine the necessary actions to operational constraints in the system. Additional study relieve the system of the congestion and to determine focuses on the significance of the nodal price observations transmission system usage charges. The actions of price and the effective utilization in developing appropriate price responsive loads may be represented in terms of the signals in the Pool paradigm. customers' willingness to pay. From each customer's demand curve, the elasticity of the load at different prices Transmission Congestion Management Schemes: A is known and the benefit function is derived. The load at Comparative Analysis Under a Unified Framework each bus ceases to be a fixed quantity and becomes a E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* decision variable for the optimization problem of the IGO. The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; In this way, the IGO has additional degrees of freedom in Power Systems Engineering Research Center determining the necessary actions for congestion relief. The restructuring of the electricity industry has spawned The project investigates the impacts of load elasticity in the introduction of new independent grid operators or congestion management and pricing. Researchers analyze IGOs, typically called transmission system operators the salient characteristics of the optimum determined by (TSOs), independent system operator (ISOs), or regional the IGO with elastic load demand explicitly represented. transmission organizations (RTOs), in various parts of the The research team is evaluating elasticity effects on world. An important task of an IGO is congestion consumer, producer, merchandising, and social surplus. In management (CM) and pricing. This activity has addition, the demand responsiveness impacts on price significant economic implications on every market volatility in terms of average price and standard deviation participant in an IGO region. The research considers the are determined and compared to the case without load congestion management schemes and the associated responsiveness. The increase in market efficiency pricing mechanism used by the IGOs in five representative attainable in the presence of load responsiveness is systems: England and Wales, Norway, Sweden, PJM, and assessed. California. Researchers developed a unified framework for Biomechanical Energy Conversion for Future Marine the mathematical representation of the market dispatch and Corps Operations redispatch problems that the IGO must solve in CM in these P. L. Chapman,* X. Zhang (Mech. & Indus. Engr.) various jurisdictions. This unified framework is used to [email protected] develop meaningful metrics to compare the various CM U.S. Office of Naval Research approaches so as to assess their efficiency and the effectiveness of the market signals provided to the market This project involves determining the best human motions participants. for potential use in generating mobile electric power and then making the best electric generators for these motions. The Role of Load Demand in Elasticity in Congestion Mobile power is increasingly important for soldiers and for Management and Pricing consumers of portable electronics. Batteries cannot supply E. Bompard (Politecnico of Torino), G. Gross* satisfactory power levels for long enough times to meet The Italian Fulbright Commission; U.S. State Department; most objectives, thus alternative methods have been Power Systems Engineering Research Center sought. Human power is a viable method for generating In the open access transmission regime, the common mobile power in the few watts range, without the need for carrier nature of the transmission system may give rise to fuels. frequent conditions of congestion. Under such conditions, a violation of one or more physical or operational constraints in the base case or one of the contingency cases is encountered. Congestion may result in certain cases in
* Denotes principal investigator.
51 Extraction of Low-Order Models from Finite Element dominant cost component. The research team is developing Representations of Electromechanical Devices an analytic basis for the evaluation of the VAr support P. L. Chapman* needs associated with transactions. The objective is to Grainger Center for Electric Machines and develop an allocation mechanism for VAr support among Electromechanics the transactions on the system. The finite element method is very effective at accurately Analysis of the Bilateral Transaction Paradigm for modeling magnetic devices such as inductors, Electricity Markets transformers, and motors, but is very computationally G. Gross* intense. Several thousand variables are used to describe The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program what should be captured in only a few. In this project, a Researchers are investigating the structure and functioning model reduction method was demonstrated that begins of bilateral-transaction-based electricity markets such as with the finite element technique. The thousands of those created by restructuring in Norway and Sweden. The variables are systematically reduced to only a few, with objective is to analyze the salient characteristics of the little loss of model accuracy. This was demonstrated so far Nord Pool market and to perform a side-by-side for a single inductor. The new model runs several orders comparison with the England and Wales Electricity Pool. of magnitude faster than previous models. The focus is on the assessment of congestion management Fully Integrated Switch-Mode Power Supplies and pricing. A mathematical model representing the P. L. Chapman,* C. Liu market structure and rules governing the operation of the Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Nord Pool market has been developed. The study will Electromechanics assess the functioning of the Independent Grid Operator and the critical role of transmission services. A typical switch-mode dc power supply involves several integrated circuits and discrete passive components. By Congestion Management Scheme for Multitransaction moving all the circuitry to a single integrated circuit, the Systems circuit is reduced in size and potentially cost. Power G. Gross,* S. Tao management and distribution within a chip are better Economic Policy Research Institute, Department of enabled. Several versions of a step-up dc-dc converter have Defense been demonstrated. Newer versions will take advantage of Researchers are investigating the allocation of charges for MEMS technology to improve the quality of the passive congestion management (CM) in multiple transaction components and reduce the space occupied by the chip. networks. The problem is formulated in two stages. In the Optimal Diversification of Multiple Energy Sources congestion allocation stage, the operator determines the P. L. Chapman* congestion burden attributable to each individual National Science Foundation transaction. In the congestion relief stage, the operator used an adjustment bidding to determine the congestion relief The goal is to develop a general approach to the design of actions. The allocation scheme is being tested on several a power converter that can interface multiple, unlike, systems. electrical energy sources. The interface would be capable of maximizing or minimizing the energy flow from given Development of an Analytical Framework for sources. The diversification of the energy sources takes Dispersed Generation advantage of environmentally responsible energy, G. Gross,* Y. Lin improves reliability, and potentially reduces cost. The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program Analysis and Evaluation of VAr Support as an Increased competition in the electricity supply industry, Ancillary Service increasing costs of transmission and distribution upgrades, G. Gross,* S. Tao greater pressures on cleaner environment, higher energy Power Systems Engineering Research Center through efficiency, and decreasing marginal costs of new and Cornell University smaller generation technologies are some of the factors that are going to impact alternatives for adding electricity The unbundling of electricity services has brought about supplies. The principal objective is to formulate a the need to evaluate and quantify the various services. VAr comprehensive analytical framework for dispersed support is one such service. Researchers have analyzed the generation within which the economic, technological, principal attributes of this service and identified the
* Denotes principal investigator.
52 environmental, and reliability aspects can be studied. Effective Deployment of Financial Instruments in Simulation of systems with transmission constrained load Competitive Electricity Markets pockets and dispersed generation expansion alternatives G. Gross,* S. Tao are being performed. The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program Development of an Analytical Framework for Strategic With the recent emergence of the well defined electricity Bidding in Competitive Electricity Markets: Modeling spot markets and the establishment of the trading of and Policy Analysis electricity futures on specific exchanges, the application of G. Gross,* G. Deltas (Econ.), M. Joung financial instruments such as options, futures, and National Science Foundation, ECS-0000577 forwards provides significant new tools to players in electricity. Such instruments can be used for risk The work is focused on the design, functioning, and management as well as speculation. The focus of this performance of competitive mechanisms in wholesale research is on the effective incorporation of these electricity markets taking explicit account of the specific instruments into the operation of electricity trading. characteristics and constraints of electrical generation and Researchers will investigate certain design and definitional consumption. The objective is to develop a general and issues in the deployment of financial derivative concepts comprehensive analytic framework that integrates the to electricity markets. Of particular interest is the game theoretic aspects of electricity exchanges with the evaluation of the risk mitigation capabilities provided by unique constraints under which electric power systems these instruments for the trading of electricity and their operate. This framework will lay the foundation for the impacts on the spot markets. In this project, researchers evaluation of various designs for electricity market will investigate the salient uniqueness of electricity structures and "rules of the road" of auction mechanisms derivative contracts due to the physical power system. The that incorporate the constraints imposed by the physical, research team also will investigate the possibility of engineering, and operational constraints inherent in developing new financial instruments and strategies to electricity systems, so as to maximize economic efficiency. accommodate the different risk preference of various The in-depth analysis of the structural characteristics of participants in the spot electricity market. Moreover, electricity markets will provide a basis for the formulation researchers will study the impact of financial derivatives of optimal bidding and offering strategies with both on various players of the market. supply- and demand-side bidders. Researchers aim to use the framework to address the various aspects of the Loss Allocation Scheme for Multitransaction Systems implementation and performance of auctions for G. Gross,* S. Tao electricity; the explicit incorporation of uncertainty; the The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Program interrelationships between the MWh commodity markets Researchers are studying the allocation of losses as a and specific markets in ancillary services; and the impacts function of physical power flows in multitransaction of longer term forward and future markets. systems. The research team has recast the power flow These issues will be investigated together with topics problem in a transaction-based network and is studying the related to the opportunities for gaming, the existence and issue of appropriately allocating losses on the basis of exercise of market power, and the impacts on electricity flows that the transactions bring about. Extensive tests of prices. In addition, the framework will serve as an effective the approach are being carried out on systems of varying testbed for a wide range of policy experiments, including sizes. A mechanism for loss compensation has been those focused on the nature and scope of regulation in the developed to provide choice to transacting entities. restructured industry. Throughout the proposed work, researchers will implement simulation tools to illustrate the Metering Requirements and Metering Data performance of various market designs, rule specifications, Applications in Open Access Bulk Electricity Systems regulatory policies, and strategic behavior of various G. Gross,* J. W. Lee players. Power Engineering Research Center through Cornell University; The Grainger Foundation Inc. The FERC Order No. 888 specified six unbundled ancillary services that may be provided to transmission customers. The NERC has developed a classification of 12 separate interconnected operations services. The unbundling of the services and the disintegration of the vertical structure of
* Denotes principal investigator.
53 the electricity business have set up new requirements for assessment taking into account the random variations of information acquisition, metering, and communications. the actual load over time. Appropriate metrics for the LFC This project will examine the communication protocols performance assessment are constructed in the random and the data management aspects of the metering activities. process based framework. These metrics are used to formulate the criteria for LFC performance assessment. Real-Time Security Monitoring and Control The effectiveness of industry criteria is assessed. G. Gross* National Science Foundation A Hybrid Systems View of Inverse Problems in Power System Dynamics Researchers have prepared a White Paper that outlines the I. A. Hiskens,* D. Liberzon,* M. A. Pai* scope of issues, challenges, and opportunities in the area National Science Foundation, NSF ECS-0114725 of real-time security monitoring and control (RTSMC) of power systems in the restructured electricity industry. The Analysis of power system dynamic behavior frequently counterpart of power system reliability in real-time takes the form of inverse problems, where the aim is to find operations is security—the ability of the power system to parameter values that achieve (as closely as possible) a withstand contingencies. This White Paper is part of a set desired response. Examples include parameter estimation, of six papers on reliability aspects of the electric power quantifying parameter uncertainty, boundary value system prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by the problems, and optimal control. The project developed Consortium of Electric Reliability Technology Solutions algorithms for solving such inverse problems. Power (CERTS). system behavior inherently involves interactions between continuous dynamics and discrete events. A systematic Simulation of the Multinode Open Access Same-Time hybrid systems framework for modeling, analysis, and Information System algorithms was done. The project is completed. G. Gross,* Y. Tian The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs Analysis and Design of Vector Controllers for Induction Machines Using Singular Perturbations A Web-based simulator of the Federal Energy Regulatory P. T. Krein,* Z. Sorchini Commission (FERC) mandated Open Access Same-Time Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Information System (OASIS) network was implemented. Electromechanics The purpose of the simulator is to provide a tool to study the various aspects of an OASIS network, to gain a strong An alternative machine model is proposed for the analysis intuitive feel for its operations, and to train users. For a and design of controllers. Based on this framework and specified time period, the OASISNET simulator using singular perturbation analysis, a sliding mode torque reproduces an OASIS network of multiple nodes using the controller is presented. It is shown that under certain same communications medium as the actual system, the restrictions, direct torque control (DTC) can be derived Internet, and with multiple players using the simulator from this controller. The derivation provides insight on simultaneously. Salient features of the simulator are its dynamics and stability of DTC. In addition to the analysis modular architecture, as well as the ability to simulate of established controllers, new controllers are proposed. In multinode OASIS network operations and to accept particular, a controller based on stator flux is shown to simultaneous access from remote users through use of encompass benefits of field oriented control and DTC, client/server technology. The simulation focuses on the while avoiding their limitations. The viability of this new dissemination and use of the available transmission controller is confirmed experimentally. capability information. Applications of the new simulator Coupled Magnetic Applications of Ripple Correlation for training and analysis are under study. Control The Load Frequency Control (LFC) Performance P. T. Krein,* R. Balog Assessment Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and G. Gross,* J. W. Lee Electromechanics The Grainger Foundation Inc.; Power Affiliates Programs Filters based on coupled inductors are promising for use in Load frequency control is used to regulate the frequency energy conversion applications because they allow noisy of the power system to be within acceptable bounds around waveforms to be “steered” into filter circuit elements. the synchronous value. Researchers are constructing a Previous work enhanced coupled filters through an framework for the evaluation of LFC performance automatic tuning process that allows peaks or notches in
* Denotes principal investigator.
54 filter characteristics to follow circuit characteristics such applications. This study focused on distributed control as switching frequency or specific noise frequencies. The techniques for point of load (POL) converters that act result is a powerful stand-alone filter that has been verified locally but in an orchestrated manner to ensure reliable both in simulation and in hardware. A number of papers system operation without a central controller. It is expected have been published on these techniques. Present work that information contained in the bus voltage can provide involves applications of auto-tuning coupled inductor adequate information about the system state of health. To filters to distributed dc power systems. test these algorithms, a number of POL converters and controls were designed and built to create a distributed dc Design of Small Inverter-Fed Induction Motors system. P. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Dynamic Simulations of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Electromechanics P. T. Krein, * M. Amrhein Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Nearly all induction machines built today are based on Electromechanics; U.S. Department of Energy previous designs, carrying on constraints imposed long ago. Although new materials are employed, the basic Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) simulators, used to design concepts have not changed in decades. However, with and analyze the performance of different components in power electronic inverters, some constraints no longer hybrid cars, utilize steady-state models. However, in order apply. This project investigates fundamental design to analyze designs in detail, dynamic simulations are choices, such as number of phases, operating frequency, necessary. Accurate information about peak and steady- and number of poles, as well as geometric parameters. The state values of currents, voltages, and losses in power goal is to derive design rules to yield machines with electronics devices can be obtained only from dynamic improved efficiencies and operating characteristics. models. Other effects, such as rapid discharging of storage Design tools and methods specialized for inverter- elements (batteries and capacitors), can be observed as dedicated induction machines are being developed, and well. The project goal was to develop a dynamic model of complete machines will be designed and tested. an HEV with various components, and to show that dynamic simulations could be used for the analysis of Development of an Automated First-Principles Design subsystem components, which would not be considered in Tool for Electromechanical Devices a steady-state model. A dynamic HEV simulator based on P. T. Krein,* T. O'Connell Matlab-Simulink was developed at the University of [email protected] Illinois several years ago and was modified to enhance and Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and support new components such as fuel cells and Electromechanics ultracapacitors. The simulation concentrates on a series The objective is to use closed-form solutions of Maxwell’s HEV, consisting of an energy source (fuel cell, combustion equations as a tool for first-principles design of engine), an energy storage system (battery, ultracapacitor), electromechanical devices. In this research, a and a traction system (transmission, induction machine, Mathematica program has been developed that automates and inverter). The model accommodates the requirements such a process. A generic layered is used to represent of a design analysis, which especially includes losses in material in the rotor, stator, or air gap of an electric certain parts of the system. A journal paper was published machine. Current work focuses on better understanding in the IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology in May the nature of the fundamental fields and forces at work 2005, featuring results obtained from the model. The paper inside an electric machine. Conformal mapping based on showed that it is possible to efficiently simulate a dynamic the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping theorem is being HEV model and to gain valuable information about the explored to solve analytically for magnetic fields and dynamic performance of system and subsystem forces in two-dimensional machine structures. components. Distributed Controls in a Distributed DC Power System P. T. Krein,* R. Balog National Science Foundation Grant, ECS-0224829 Distributed dc bus architectures have become the standard for power distribution in naval ships and telecomm
* Denotes principal investigator.
55 Flexible Digital PWM Control for Embedded Power Modeling of Sensorless Current Mode Voltage Converters Regulator Modules P. T. Krein,* X. Geng P. T. Krein,* J. Mossoba [email protected] Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and University of Illinois, Motorola Center for Electromechanics Communications Special power converters are needed to supply the low Switching power conversion for portable communications, voltages required by recent micorprocessors. These personal digital assistants and most other electronic voltage regulator modules (VRMs), must provide fast products is controlled through pulse width modulation regulation of output voltage, despite drastic changes in the (PWM). Since PWM produces strong components at the current drawn by the CPU. The first step in successfully switching frequency and its multiples, one objective of X. designing VRMs is to find a suitable mathematical model. Geng and P. Krein is to study spectral characteristics of The usual architecture involves numerous dc-dc converters PWM for purposes of noise and switching loss acting in parallel. The research conducted shows suitable management. Nonrandom switching schemes are being methods of simplifying models for VRMs. The proposed developed to reduce interference without extra losses. model achieves an acceptable level of detail without Applications include flexible digital implementations for allowing the simplifications to compromise its accuracy. the full range of dc-dc converters and small motor drive Optimization of these VRM systems is a subject of ongoing units for automotive loads. research. Life Extension of Lithium-Ion Batteries Modular Power Electronics Lab P. T. Krein,* G. Pitel P. T. Krein,* R. Balog, Z. Sorchini [email protected] Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Electromechanics Power electronics is a subject taught best by laboratory Limited battery life is a problem that affects industries such work in conjunction with formal lecture. Flexible modules as aerospace, automotive, and portable electronics. have been prepared that allow the students to quickly Previously, life extension techniques such as equalization explore various fundamental topologies in dc to dc, dc to have been shown to increase the life of lead-acid batteries. ac, ac to ac, and ac to dc converters without having to worry In this work, experiments using battery equalization were about the control or isolated gate drive support circuitry. run for over a year to observe changes in cell performance. An FET box consisting of two isolated devices and flexible Results showed that equalization improved pack utilization controls allows numerous one- and two-switch topologies and extended life, even in small lithium-ion packs. to be studied. An SCR control unit that supports controlled rectifier experiments has also been designed. Several Mitigation of Power System Collapse through Active undergraduate students assisted in the work. Dynamic Buffers P. T. Krein,* W. Weaver Re-Rating of Induction Machines for Traction [email protected] Applications National Science Foundation Grant, NSF ECS-0224829 P. T. Krein,* M. Amrhein, B. I. Fierro Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Power electronics continues to grow as an element of Electromechanics electrical loads. Loads such as motor drives, computer power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting serve to Electrical machines used in traction applications are often "isolate" load dynamics from the utility grid and enforce chosen such that their rated power matches the need. constant power behavior. They tend to destabilize the grid. However, a machine is inherently designed for a certain In this study, power buffering is examined as a way to torque. Higher output power can be achieved by spinning mitigate effects of constant power loads by controlling the the motor faster at constant flux. By re-rating the stator dynamic impedance of the converter during a disturbance. winding of the machine to a low nominal voltage, the Experiments have shown the advantages of using power constant torque range can be extended to higher buffers. Further work involves studying the interaction of frequencies and speeds, thus increasing the output power. multiple power-buffer converters in a distributed system. A 2.25 kW machine was re-rated by a factor of 2:1 and tested in three configurations. The efficiency increased
* Denotes principal investigator.
56 with increasing frequency, provided the machine operated A Microgrid-Based Telecom Power System Using at constant torque. Modular Multiple-Input Dc-Dc Converters P. T. Krein,* A. Kwasinski Software Development for a Modular Inverter Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and P. T. Krein,* P. L. Chapman,* G. Zhang, J. Wells Electromechanics Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics A microgrid is an independently controlled portion of an electrical grid. It comprises its own power sources (such A modular inverter is being created to serve as a test bed as fuel cells, solar cells, microturbines), energy storage for various motor drive control schemes. This project is to devices (such as flywheels, batteries, ultracapacitors), and develop a software common platform for control loads, usually interconnected with a larger grid. With algorithms. By integrating Matlab/Simulink, Code independent control, a microgrid with a utility tie can Composer Studio, and Spectrum Digital eZdsp, we are able deliver high reliability, high efficiency, and uninterruptible to streamline software development from computer power functions, while reducing energy storage needs simulation to target implementation. The process is compared to traditional systems. This work explores a efficient and allows developers to focus on the control microgrid-based telecommunications power plant with a scheme. A user graphical interface allows real-time control distributed architecture. Combinations of converters and of multiple parameters and data logging. controls create a flexible, reliable plant that meets Torque-Angle-Oriented Control for Induction Motors performance needs of modern telecommunication systems. P. T. Krein,* G. Zhang Evaluating the Potential for Transmission Constraints Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and on the Operation of a Competitive Electricity Market Electromechanics in Illinois Constant voltage-frequency-ratio control, field-oriented T. Overbye,* X. Cheng control, and direct torque control are the most popular ac [email protected] motor control methods. There are also numerous Illinois Commerce Commission techniques to improve the static and dynamic performance The goal of this project is to determine if the transmission by applying more complex algorithms to these controls. system in Illinois and the surrounding region is able to The goal of a proposed torque-angle-oriented control is to support a competitive electricity market: that is, one that simplify control algorithms so that reasonably good static would allow for effective competition to keep prices in and dynamic performance may be achieved without adding check and allow for new market participants to compete complexity to the motor control system. A digital effectively for market share. The project will seek to algorithm has been developed and tested to show the determine if there are conditions that could reasonably be advantages of the torque-angle approach. expected to occur that would enable a company to exercise An Integrated 42-V Drive Design for Automobile Loads market power in one or more portions of the state and with a Low-Distortion Overmodulation Strategy thereby create undue pressure on the prices charged to P. T. Krein,* A. Kwasinski customers and/or inhibit new market participants from Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and entering the market. It should be noted that the intent of Electromechanics this project is not to predict whether or not such market The automotive industry is moving to higher voltages to power would actually be exercised by any company. support more electric automobiles. This study develops an Rather, it is designed to determine if a set of reasonably integral design methodology that considers motors, expected conditions could allow any company to do so. inverters, and the electrical design as a complete system. Interactive Visualization of Electrical Power System The proposed design consists of an induction motor wound Transmission System Capacity for a suitable voltage range and driven by an inverter. The T. J. Overbye,* D. Wiegmann, Y. Sun inverter is used in an overmodulation regime when bus Power Systems Engineering Research Center voltage is low. A 3-D representation of the modulation One of the major goals associated with restructuring in the process showed that a signal based on triangle injection electrical power industry is to allow nondiscriminatory will minimize distortion. This approach was tested access to the high-voltage transmission grid. However, a experimentally. It was demonstrated that dc bus utilization key difficulty in achieving this goal has been the fact that improves without added losses. the capacity of the transmission grid has a finite but not
* Denotes principal investigator.
57 easily determined value. That is to say, the ability of the Model Reduction of Power Systems Using Krylov transmission system to support additional power Subspace Method transactions is limited by the need to maintain system M. A. Pai,* D. Chaniotis security. The goal of this project is to develop and apply National Science Foundation, ECS 00-00474; The innovative visualization methods to aid market participants Grainger Foundation Inc. in determining this availability. In this research, the iterative solver technique based on Workshop to Consider the Practicality of a Continental Krylov Subspace methodology is being applied for model Energy SuperGrid reduction of power systems. The system is divided into a T. Overbye* study area and an external area. The external area is then Richard Lounsbery Foundation reduced in dimensionality. A criterion for coherency has been developed, and it has been shown to be equivalent or The purpose of this project is to convene a workshop to similar to the recently proposed synchrony method in the investigate the technical and societal viability of a proposal literature. Thus, a physical basis for model reduction is for the creation of a “Continental SuperGrid” to meet our presented. (A paper has been accepted for IEEE country’s energy needs in the mid- to late-half of the 21st Transactions—Power Systems). Century. The proposal calls for the creation of a continental grid, delivering both electricity and fuel. The Power Industry Restructuring and Pricing in Siberia electric portion of the grid would be superconducting, high S. Palamarchuk, G. Gross* voltage dc, with liquid hydrogen used as the core coolant. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs; U.S. The electric power and hydrogen would be supplied from Department of State nuclear and other source power plants spaced along the The restructuring of the power industry in Russia is under grid. Electricity would exit the system at various dc-ac way. The existing nationwide market is planned to be taps, connecting into the existing ac power grid. The divided into three regional sectors, one of which will be set hydrogen would also exit the grid, providing a readily up in the Siberian region of the country. The restructuring available, alternative fuel—for perhaps fuel-cell based will allow the market arrangements to take into account the automobiles. While the scope of this proposal is certainly regional characteristics of electricity generation, ambitious, given its potential for significant society-wide transmission, and consumption. The project aims to benefits, it is also one that deserves serious consideration develop an auction mechanism for the wholesale electricity and debate. trade in Siberia. Key aspects include review of the market Impact of Distributed Generation on Power System structures currently in operation, design of the market Performance forward trade and the associated pricing issues, M. A. Pai,* A. Zook development of procedures for the evaluation of rational The Grainger Foundation Inc.; National Science bidding strategies for market players, and training of the Foundation, EPENS-0224829 players in the new environment. In this research, the impact of adding new generation at the Dynamic Data Driven Applications for Power Systems distribution level was examined. The distribution system P. W. Sauer* is radial in nature and hence, adding generation presents a [email protected] number of technical problems. In this research, system National Science Foundation stability was examined with respect to parameter This project is investigating the use of time synchronized variations. Effect on transient and small signal stability was measured data for analyzing the state of power systems investigated. Work is continuing to investigate impact of with particular emphasis on dynamic properties. The data other forms of distributed generation such as fuel cells, are being considered for use in aiding power system wind power, and so forth. operators in determining closeness to security boundaries, both static and dynamic.
* Denotes principal investigator.
58 Dynamic Security Assessment for Operations in power systems. The critical set is that group of lines that P. W. Sauer* may be lost while maintaining sufficient capability for [email protected] voltage support and real power transfer. Power System Engineering Research Center through Trustworthy Communication and Computing Cornell University Architectures for Power Systems This project is investigating the current state of online P. W. Sauer* stability analysis for power systems and formulating [email protected] needed research directions. It is looking at commercial National Science Foundation software performance measures and the theoretical This project is investigating the needs of power system framework for integration into real-time security communication and computing environments for future application environments. use in deregulated power systems. This includes the need Integrated Security Analysis to share information between regions and independent P. W. Sauer* operators. [email protected] Department of Energy-CERTS Reliable and High-Performance This project is formulating new security analysis tools for operators using existing computational software code with Computing online data. Traditional security application programs are used to create historical security results that will be used to Composable Processors develop learning algorithms. These algorithms will use N. P. Carter,* R. Gupta, G. Rasche, J. Stine both new computational results and historical results. This Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MARCO work is being done jointly with Washington State Center University. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Post-Contingency Quilibrium Analysis As silicon fabrication technology improves, processors and P. W. Sauer,* R. Yeu system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs are moving toward [email protected] gridded layouts to minimize the impact of wire delays on Grainger Foundation Endowments performance. The composable processors project is This project is investigating the efficient computation of studying techniques to reduce the design time and cost of steady-state conditions following an outage. It enforces grid-based custom processors through the use of a set of constant control inputs. pre-designed "tiles" that can be composed together to form a variety of custom system architectures. In addition to the Reliability Tools for Power System Operators design of the tiles and systems that use them, we are P. W. Sauer,* T. Overbye developing software techniques to automatically generate Department of Energy, Consortium for Electric Reliability high-performance, low-cost architectures for specific Technology Solutions through Cornell University Power applications in this design methodology. Systems Engineering Research Center Magnetoelectronic Reconfigurable Logic This project is investigating advanced security analysis N. P. Carter* visualization concepts to enhance the reliability of the [email protected] interconnected grid. Results from online security analysis U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-02-1-1038 will be presented and displayed to operators in a format suitable for rapid decision making and for assessing the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory acceptability of the system state. We are developing reconfigurable logic systems based on Transmission System Vulnerabilities in Power Systems a novel magnetoelectronic device: the Hybrid Hall Effect P. W. Sauer* device. These circuits can be configured to compute a wide [email protected] range of logic functions with nonvolatile storage of their Grainger Foundation Endowments outputs and can be easily integrated into CMOS designs. Current challenges include reducing the power This project is investigating the critical set of transmission consumption of our circuits and developing system lines in maintaining an acceptable voltage collapse margin architectures that best take advantage of their capabilities.
* Denotes principal investigator.
59 Self-Healing Reliable Reconfigurable Systems execution. Using these techniques, we can achieve N. P. Carter* execution rates four to ten times that achievable by [email protected] superscalar processors. University of Illinois Advanced Predicate-Domain Code Optimization Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias Intel Corporation Reconfigurable logic is an attractive fabric for reliable system design because faults in portions of the logic can Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory be corrected by reconfiguring the system to avoid the faulty The predicated representation, in which control is resources. We are developing design techniques for implemented via conditional execution of instructions reliable systems implemented using reconfigurable logic. rather than branches, presents two general categories of These techniques combine application-directed synthesis new optimization opportunities: the optimization of of redundant functionality to tolerate errors, run-time program decision logic and the optimization of detection of faults, incremental synthesis for fast repair, computation code using predication. This project aims to and global resynthesis to avoid cumulative effects from reduce control overhead by extracting control expressions multiple faults. from predicated code, optimizing these expressions using The Amalgam Programmable-Reconfigurable Boolean minimization techniques, and re-expressing Processor control using more efficient sequences of predicate N. P. Carter* defining instructions. In the second area, this project works [email protected] toward a paradigm in which stores, branches, and loop U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-01-1-0824 boundaries can be reordered freely to achieve performance goals. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Architecture and Compiler Techniques for Optimizing Amalgam combines several conventional processors and Memory Accesses blocks of reconfigurable architecture into a single W.-M. Hwu,* H.-S. Kim, E. M. Nystrom microprocessor, using a clustered architecture to minimize National Science Foundation, CCR 96-29948/98-09478; the impact of wire delay on cycle time. Our results show Intel Corporation that this architecture generates an average of greater than 12x speedup over a simple microprocessor on a range of Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory benchmarks. We are currently developing compiler The goal of this research is to develop an integrated techniques for this architecture, as well as investigating compiler and architecture approach to drastically reduce architectural features to improve performance in far-future the frequency and cost of memory accesses in future fabrication processes. computer systems. In particular, a compiler strategy that is Architectural Models for Highly Concurrent built upon interprocedural pointer analysis and new Instruction Execution heuristics for estimating the probability of colliding pointer M. I. Frank,* S. J. Patel contents will be developed to take full advantage of the data [email protected] speculation features in future microprocessors. The National Science Foundation, CCF-0429711 insights provided by fully disambiguated memory accesses may drastically change the future course of run-time data Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory speculation supports. Superscalar processors can concurrently execute several Automatic Transformation of Traditional Software instructions from a single thread, but are limited in the Components into a Data-Flow Execution Model amount of concurrency they can find and exploit because W.-M. Hwu,* C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim they must fetch and rename instructions in program order. [email protected] We build on compiler-assisted thread level parallelization DARPA/MARCO Gigascale Systems Research Center mechanisms that concurrently fetch, rename, and execute (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation multiple, widely separated, portions of the program. We are developing new dynamic techniques for using control- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory dependence information to find and exploit global Due to the cost of building ever-larger uniprocessors with instruction-level concurrency within a single thread of standard, single global on-chip storage, future gigascale
* Denotes principal investigator.
60 computing platforms will increasingly rely on special- disaggregate the application's memory data flows and will purpose hardware accelerators that employ decentralized allow transformation of existing programs to take full data-flow computation models. However, the traditional advantage of the configurability of the new SRAM von Neumann programming model will continue to be structures. strongly preferred due to the high cost of changing the Deep Program Analysis fundamental software model. To improve design W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, H. C. Hunter, productivity in the presence of the widening gap between C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim the programming model and the underlying hardware Intel Corporation; National Science Foundation, platform, we are developing deep program analysis and 98-09478 transformation techniques that will enable tools to automatically extract data flow computation components Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory from a von Neumann program. Current code analysis techniques draw dependences based Compiler and Architecture Support for Program largely on program structure and on register and memory Tunneling accesses, many of which are not inherent to algorithms but W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, are merely side effects of implementation in a particular H.-S. Kim architecture or coding paradigm. The conservative nature Hewlett-Packard of these analysis techniques limits the compiler's ability to perform broad, powerful code optimizations. Deep Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory program analysis is intended to discern the fundamental Modern programming paradigms often impose major algorithmic dependences of input programs from among performance penalties on application programs. Object those artificially imposed. The application of deep program oriented programming, structured exception handling, analysis techniques could revolutionize program automatic memory management, middleware services, and optimization, memory access microarchitecture, software operating system calls are all examples of such costly development process, software verification, and software features. The goal of this research is to eliminate the cost debugging. of these features for the frequently traversed paths of IMPACT Post-Link Optimization Framework executable programs. Architecture support, in the form of W.-M. Hwu,* M. C. Merten, R. D. Barnes, new protection schemes and no-overhead profiling E. M. Nystrom mechanisms, will be developed to enable the run-time Hewlett-Packard; Microsoft Corp. optimizer to safely perform aggressive optimizations. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Configurable On-Chip Memory Microarchitectures W.-M. Hwu,* H. C. Hunter, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, Commercial software vendors distribute products in binary H.-S. Kim executable form, compiled for a specific processor. Very [email protected] limited technology exists for optimizing binary DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research executables, thus preventing end users from optimizing Center (GSRC); Semiconductor Research Corporation programs for their particular machines and usage patterns. To remedy this problem, this project is creating a binary Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory optimization framework that will serve as a bridge between Simple technology scaling offers little hope for breaking the binary executable and the IMPACT compiler. Using the difficult scalability and power/performance barriers this framework, the team can experiment with associated with traditional on-chip memories. This project optimizations targeted machine. Such optimization could seeks to design new configurable on-chip SRAM be performed at the time of program installation or offline, microarchitectures that will enable large SRAM structures while the user's machine is idle. to approach the power efficiency of small custom memories for memory-intensive applications such as media and signal processing. The proposed structures support configurability in access ports, access latencies, and sleep-drowsy states. Our deep analysis toolset, a carefully engineered symbiosis of whole-program data flow, control flow, and pointer/data structure analyses, will
* Denotes principal investigator.
61 IMPACT Run-Time Optimization Framework reduces instruction fetch bandwidth and power W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom consumption in loops. Compiler techniques are being [email protected] developed to coordinate intercluster data movement to Advanced Micro Devices; Microsoft Corp. eliminate many of the memory accesses required during the execution of media programs on conventional Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory architectures. Aggressive code specialization at compile time can achieve Multipass EPIC Microarchitecture significant performance gains, although it is typically W.-M. Hwu,* R. D. Barnes, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, limited by risks of profile-dependence and code-explosion. S. J. Patel, N. Navarro Therefore, we are developing a framework for adaptive, [email protected] runtime optimization, allowing profiling and Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard specialization of code regions based on the current workload profile. Rather than solely focusing on Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory opportunities in relatively unoptimized applications, this It is well established that the in-order microarchitecture framework focuses on providing an efficient architecture used by EPIC processor such as Itanium can exploit the for targeting optimization of opportunities presented by compiler's proficiency in planning parallelism. However, even the most aggressively optimized code. Components the inability of this substrate to accommodate unexpected of these frameworks include efficient runtime optimization latencies, such as data cache misses, is its most vexing algorithms, techniques for identifying optimization weakness. To address this problem, we propose multipass candidates using nonintrusive profiling, and seamless pipelining, a new class of in-order microarchitectures in deployment of optimized code. which the processor pipeline defers execution of Java Run-Time Architecture instructions with unready operands for later processing, W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, H.-S. Kim thereby avoiding stalls. A first-generation design of this Hewlett-Packard technique delivers substantial performance improvements for applications with significant memory stalls. Future Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory generations promise to further enhance the performance This project focuses on enhancements needed to create while reducing complexity, area, and power. highly optimized native code for dynamic Java server Next-Generation EPIC Compiler Technology applications. This includes the construction of a next- W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, S.-Z. Ueng, generation Java run-time prototype that offers a means of S. Ryoo, G. A. Kent, I. M. Steiner integration between dynamic code production and static [email protected] code reuse. Also included are a streamlined object model, Intel Corporation; Hewlett-Packard nonintrusive profiling, dynamic optimizations, reduced intermodule communication overhead, run-time Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory deployment of optimized code, improved memory We have demonstrated that IMPACT's aggressive use of management subsystem, and hardware enhancements to predication, speculation, and code replication in its support Java specific features. structural transformation approach can attain substantial Memory-Efficient EPIC Processors integer code performance increases over contemporary W.-M. Hwu,* N. P. Carter, H. Hunter, C.-W. Li compilers for Itanium2. Challenges and opportunities Semiconductor Research Corporation remain: sophisticated combinations of transformations required to expose desired levels of instruction-level Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory parallelism pose profile-dependence and stability issues. Researchers are developing an improved EPIC architecture Selective specialization, while not yet controlled with great that will provide the high performance required by precision, shows an ability to improve instruction caching upcoming embedded applications while significantly as well as ILP. Control and data speculation interact reducing power consumption and memory bandwidth nontrivially with optimizations and operating system requirements. This architecture divides the processing models. Finally, more sophisticated region selection and resources of the chip into four independent clusters, with optimization techniques promise increasingly efficient use each cluster having its own program-controllable data of wide EPIC resources. memory. A decoded instruction buffer in each cluster
* Denotes principal investigator.
62 OpenIMPACT Compiler Release applications, programmatic logic analysis, data value W.-M. Hwu,* R. E. Kidd, J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom analysis, and interthread escape analysis. Unnecessary [email protected] code and modules are eliminated. A new fundamental Gelato; Hewlett-Packard; National Science Foundation, model of the operating system functions, based on CCR 98-09404 microkernel concepts, is developed to systematically verify the correctness of each customized version. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Customization technologies are developed at the source This project aims to release the IMPACT research compiler and then at the binary level, with the long-term goal of as a general-purpose, open-source compiler for the IA64 handling commercial software. Potential benefits include Linux platform. The research compiler's features, such as rapid generation of software, smaller software footprints, predicated compilation, instruction-level parallelism reduced energy consumption, and higher performance. optimizations, compiler-engineered speculation, and Scalable Deep Program Analysis profile-based optimizations, as well as its extensible W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, research framework, will be retained. In addition, an easy- H.-S. Kim, S. Ryoo, N. Navarro, S. Lumetta to-use interface will be provided that will allow [email protected] OpenIMPACT to be used as a high-performance DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research alternative to traditional compilers. This project will be Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, released under the University of Illinois (UIUC/NCSA) Information Technology Research Open Source License. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Predicate Analysis and Predicate-Aware Dataflow Analysis Future breakthroughs in computer architecture, software W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias engineering, and trustworthy computing will rely on the Intel Corporation compiler to perform program analyses that are considered infeasible today. Deep program analysis refers to compile- Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory time techniques that can derive important properties of the Efficient and accurate analysis of predicate relationships program execution accurately. Examples of deep analysis and predicate-aware dataflow analysis are essential to include value ranges that can be assumed by variables, effective optimization and scheduling of predicated code. realizable data flow through memory objects, and memory A predicate analysis engine must first quickly analyze the locations that can be accessed by program components. code at the function level to determine all relationships New scalable approaches to deep program analysis are among predicates. Then, it must store its findings in a being developed to enable their application to large, database that can accurately and efficiently answer queries complex software systems. about the relations among predicates. The first objective of Scalable, Accurate Interprocedural Pointer Analysis this project is to create a function-level, accurate, and W.-M. Hwu,* E. M. Nystrom, H.-S. Kim efficient predicate analysis engine. The second objective is [email protected] to create a predicate-aware dataflow analysis engine that is DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research both accurate and fast. Center (GSRC); National Science Foundation, Rapid Customization of Systems Software Information Technology Research, CCR 98-09478 W.-M. Hwu,* J. N. Navarro, E. Nystrom, R. Barnes, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent, J. Player, J. Cours, D. Yang MARCO, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Pointer analysis is a critical foundation for virtually all (part of MARCO Center Soft Systems Thrust) advanced program analysis techniques. In a programming language like C that supports an explicit address operator, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory indirect calls, structures, heap allocation, and pointer The objective of the project is to develop compiler-based, casting, memory activity can easily be obscured. We deep program analysis that transcends the boundaries believe that highly accurate results and the ability to scale currently separating the application, the dynamically to large programs do not have to be mutually exclusive linked libraries, and the operating system. Code- goals. To this end, a pointer analysis framework has been specialization of library functions and operating system developed that provides an efficient representation for services is based on interprocedural analysis of achieving accurate results through novel mechanisms to
* Denotes principal investigator.
63 deal with procedural side effects, global variables, heap Value Analysis Compilation Framework locations, and fields. W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias Intel Corp. Ubiquitous Instruction-Level Parallelism Architectures Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory W.-M. Hwu,* J. W. Sias, R. D. Barnes, E. M. Nystrom, Analyzing the flow of values through program H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, G. Kent computation provides many opportunities for improving Intel; Motorola, Inc.; Microsoft Corp.; National Science the performance of computer systems. This project has two Foundation, 98-09478 related objectives: the optimization of existing control flow Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory through value analysis and value speculation. Value flow analysis facilitates dead code elimination and control As instruction-level parallelism (ILP) architectures such as optimization. Value speculation refers to the execution of Intel IA-64 and TI C6x move into the mainstream of instructions before all source operand values have been computing, it has become critical to solve the technical determined. This can be done when instructions generate problems involved in making these architectures the same value for each execution, the same value for a appropriate for future embedded applications. The goal of high percentage of executions, or predictable values. this research is to develop new compiler, architecture, and Compilers can exploit these regularities through code microarchitecture concepts to drastically reduce the code specializations, collectively referred to as value size, data transfers, energy consumption, and die size of speculation. future ILP processors. New techniques will also be developed to further enhance the performance of future ILP Verification of Run-time Optimized Code microprocessors. W.-M. Hwu,* M. T. Conte, J. W. Sias, M. C. Merten, A. R. Trick, R. D. Barnes Ultra-efficient Giga-scale Computing Platform Hewlett-Packard Architecture W.-M. Hwu,* S. Lumetta, N. Navarro, D. Burke, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory J. W. Sias, E. M. Nystrom, C.-W. Li, H.-S. Kim, Executable programs are increasingly optimized and R. D. Barnes, H. C. Hunter, S. Ryoo, S. Ueng, J. Player, modified in the field. Just-in-time compilation of Java I. Steiner programs is a well-known example of such run-time code [email protected] modification. The goal of this research is to overcome the DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research technical challenges involved in automatic verification of Center (GSRC); Advanced Micro Devices; Xilinx; IBM run-time optimized code. An interdisciplinary approach Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory that integrates program analysis algorithms and hardware test and verification techniques will be developed to cover This project seeks to achieve orders of magnitude of a wide variety of software defects. improvement in power efficiency in future computing platforms by systematically synthesizing and utilizing An Engineering Prototyping Environment for hardware accelerators in the forms of ASIP, ASIC, and Compiling C Program Components into Application- FPGA. This approach is motivated by the availability of Specific Logic immense numbers of transistors in future chips and the W.-M. Hwu,* D. R. Burke limitation of activating only a tiny fraction of them at any [email protected] given time. New system architectures allow seamless DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research integration of accelerators with processors containing Center (GSRC); Xilinx; IBM; Mentor Graphics extremely high-bandwidth, short-latency communication. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Advanced program analysis and transformation techniques convert traditional memory side-effect-based execution This project seeks to establish an engineering prototyping activities into explicit data flow, enabling extremely environment to enable research in ultra-efficient gigascale efficient direct hardware execution. computing platforms. In this environment, we are prototyping processor design, operating system support, compiler technology, synthesis paths, libraries, and device drivers needed in future heterogeneous software and logic systems. The first generation prototype is based on the
* Denotes principal investigator.
64 Xilinx ML300 board, the Linux kernel, the Mentor ITR: Methodologies and Tools for Designing and Graphics ASAP tool chain, and the IMPACT compiler. Implementing Large-Scale, Real-Time Systems The initial applications being prototyped are from the R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, L. Wang, A. Khanna design driver applications of the MARCO Gigascale [email protected] Systems Research Center with emphasis on future home National Science Foundation, Information Technology entertainment applications. Research Program, #0121658 (Subcontracted from Vanderbilt University) Fault-Injection-Based Benchmarking R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, S. Chen, C. Basile Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] The research proposed is to develop methodologies and Motorola, Inc. tools for designing and implementing very large-scale, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory real-time embedded computer systems that achieve ultrahigh computational performance through use of In this research, we propose to explore issues and parallel hardware architectures; achieve and maintain techniques for intrusion detection and intrusion tolerance functional integrity via distributed, hierarchical in networked environments. Specifically, we will focus on monitoring and control; are required to be highly available; analyzing data on security attacks to determine and are dynamically reconfigurable, maintainable, and vulnerabilities exploited by attackers and to classify the evolvable. The specific application that will drive this attacks according to their causes; generating measurement- research and provide a test platform for it is the trigger and based security attack models depicting the attack process; data acquisition system for BTeV, an accelerator-based creating stochastic models that reflect behaviors of the high-energy physics experiment to study matter-antimatter system in the presence of variable workloads, errors, and asymmetries in the decays of particles containing the security attacks; investigating measures and experimental bottom quark. procedures for benchmarking system reliability and security; understanding potential inconsistencies in Processor Level Error Detection and Recovery application and system implementation; and proposing Techniques software and hardware intrusion detection and prevention R. K. Iyer* techniques. [email protected] Intel Research Council Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC): Reliable Systems Thrust This research is aimed at providing hardware-level, low- R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, W. Gu, K. Pattabiraman, latency error detection and recovery. To achieve this goal G. Saggese, M. Gupta, N. Nakka we will develop and demonstrate hardware-implemented [email protected] error detection and security mechanisms embedded as DARPA/MARCO FCRP Gigascale Systems Research modules in the hardware-level framework, which is Center (GSRC) implemented as in integral part of a superscalar microprocessor. While the framework closely interacts Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory with the processor pipeline, we do not propose to redesign Our focus is on designing hierarchical systems of hardware the pipeline. Rather, the intent is to understand the pipeline and software detection and recovery mechanisms to handle to the extent needed for defining a robust interface with multiple and/or near coincident errors and to limit (or which we can demonstrate the operation and efficacy prevent) error propagation. We will explore a four-tiered (coverage) of the modules. The framework and its interface approach to develop and integrate detection and recovery with the pipeline are implemented in a reconfigurable support at different levels of the system hierarchy. These portion of the die along with the processor. Example levels can be classified as embedded programmable hardware modules we will explore include preemptive hardware support; operating system support; compiler control-flow checking, a process health monitor, support; and application support. Additional work will hardware-based checkpointing, and pointer-taintedness include updates to the ARMOR (adaptive reconfigurable tracking. mobile objects of reliability) software, NFTAPE, and the Reliability and Security Engine (RSE) project.
* Denotes principal investigator.
65 Quality of Distributed Control and Surveillance of the capability of modern digital communication R. K. Iyer,* N. Breems, M. Agarwal systems. It is, however, unlikely that current commercial [email protected] digital communication schemes will be able to satisfy the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; stringent requirement of constant connection, very low Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University power, congestion control, and ease of use. The goal of this Research Initiative, N000914-01-1-0576 project is to define the architecture of the public safety digital communication systems via careful analysis of field Conducted at the Coordinated Science Laboratory requirements and creation of new communication The objective of this proposal is to create a scientific protocols. An interdisciplinary approach is taken to foundation for the distributed optimization problem of integrate user behavior studies with core technology control and surveillance. The goal of our research is to development. investigate fault-tolerant and secure communication in a Capacity Versus Robustness: A Tradeoff for wireless or wireline environment, (e.g. an ad-hoc sensor Restoration in Mesh Networks network). In our approach, we explore and prototype a S. Lumetta,* S. Kim transparent, high-availability framework for supporting Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, client-server applications operating over wireline or MDA972-99-1-0005 wireless networks, investigate issues and solutions (e.g. protocols) in supporting reliable and secure Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory communications in wireless (e.g. sensor networks), and Researchers are investigating capacity-efficient recovery develop a remote vehicle testbed to investigate and test methods in high-speed networks. The team recently real-time, secure, and fault-tolerant control. demonstrated an extension of generalized loopback that A Compiler-Enabled Model and Measurement-Driven operates on a subgraph of the full backup graph in an Adaptation Environment for Dependability and existing network. The backup capacity on remaining links Performance can then be used to carry unprotected traffic, while all R. K. Iyer,* Z. Kalbarczyk, K. Pattabiraman primary fibers retain failure protection. The results [email protected] demonstrate robustness comparable or superior to that National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 available with covers of rings while providing an additional unprotected traffic capacity of roughly 20% of the Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory network's primary capacity. This proposal has the potential for innovation of new Reliable, Efficient Communication on a Fast Ethernet measurement-driven and compiler enabled early detection, Cluster making the task of detection and diagnosis of performance S. Lumetta,* J. Joh problems and operational faults more efficient. To build University of Illinois, Campus Research Board detectors that can predict the likelihood of failures, we will use experimental system analysis to identify correlations Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory between system behaviors and subsequent failure Networks of workstations (NOWs) have proven to be an occurrence. Our research will employ measurement data inexpensive yet effective alternative to vendor-packaged and their analysis, together with compiler analysis of parallel architectures. The performance of NOW's running program behavior, to devise a methodology for data-driven on Fast Ethernet is often limited by TCP/IP communication discovery of early symptoms of errors, characterization of overhead between the nodes in NOWs. Researchers are system/application sensitivity to errors, and identification developing a new, lightweight, reliable communication of locations to place new detectors and guide engineering protocol incorporating ideas of user-level communication, of application-specific detectors. lightweight flow control, and multiple network interfaces Future Communication Technology for Public Safety per connection. The protocol supports the large body of L. Liu,* J. P. Monks, W.-M. Hwu existing parallel applications written to the Message Motorola, Inc. Passing Interface standard. Researchers will evaluate the effectiveness of their design in terms of the performance Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory of these applications when using their protocol. In the next decade, the communications technology for public safety officials will be revamped to take advantage
* Denotes principal investigator.
66 Survivability and Reliability in Direct Access Networks efficient analysis and verification techniques that mitigate S. Lumetta,* L. Li the state explosion problem by using escape paths and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, reward structures to create a directed search of the state MDA972-99-1-0005 space; and an integrated suite of stochastic modeling and analysis tools that augment the Möbius modeling tool with Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory advanced techniques that solve scalable and complex Researchers are developing routing and recovery protocols hybrid models with respect to performance and to provide reliable connectivity in direct access optical dependability measures and capture the interactions networks (DANs). DANs decouple access from routing, typically found in embedded hybrid systems. allowing new users to access to the network without Immersive Network Simulation Testbed incurring the high cost of an optical switch. Through this D. M. Nicol* decoupling, researchers enable more cost-effective and [email protected] reliable network expansion. Direct access also simplifies U.S. Department of Homeland Security the models of ownership by reducing the depth of the ownership hierarchy and the number of potential security Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory hazards and points of failure for a connection. Finally, We are developing a network simulator for use in exercises DANs allow network providers to offer a wider variety of by organizations interested in practicing their response to bandwidth and reliability options. attacks on their IT infrastructure. The simulator uses high An Adaptive, High-Performance Software performance modeling and execution techniques, runs in Infrastructure for Hierarchical Systems real-time, and supports user interaction with simulated S. Lumetta* devices using emulation to provide a transparent veneer. A National Science Foundation, CISE/ACIR Career Award key goal is to use the simulator to automatically produce exercise "injects" that prompt players to react to simulated Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory events. Machines with deep memories now dominate Modeling and Analysis for Network Security supercomputing and provide most enterprise-level Assessment computing, making the successful development of a D. M. Nicol* general-purpose approach to such platforms imperative. [email protected] Researchers are developing a high-performance Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency infrastructure for these systems through the construction of four key components: a virtual machine that abstracts Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory resource allocation and management issues into a simple We are developing simulation-based tools and technology interface; a hierarchy-aware run-time system that offers the to help a network analyst assess the impact of hypothetical illusion of a nonhierarchical system by adapting to the attacks in a network, the effectiveness of defenses and current hierarchical virtual machine; language constructs countermeasures, and the quantified ability to continue and dynamic compiler support to tune application operations in the face of a network attack. The result of our behavior; and applications that demonstrate the value of work will better enable network administrators and the framework. designers to protect their systems, and to quantify the cost, Creating an Integrated Modular Environment for the risk, and functionality tradeoffs inherent in network Modeling, Analysis, and Verification of Embedded defense. Hybrid Systems Survivable Trust for Critical Infrastructure N. Neogi,* V. V. Lam, W. H. Sanders D. M. Nicol* National Science Foundation, CCR-0311616 [email protected] Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory National Science Foundation We are creating a tightly integrated design, analysis, Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory verification, and implementation environment for real- We are exploring the design of a distributed trust backbone, time, safety-critical embedded hybrid systems. Results will based on computational nodes that provide hardened include a formalism-independent framework for attestation for their hardware and software identities, embedded hybrid system architectural specification; organized as a peer-to-peer network. We are focusing on
* Denotes principal investigator.
67 application of this technology to security applications in IT power grid that can survive malicious adversaries, provide management of critical infrastructure systems, such as continuous delivery of power, and support dynamically SCADA. varying trust requirements. We will do so by creating the necessary cyber building blocks and architecture, and by Measurement of Transient Errors in Microprocessors creating validation technology to quantify the amount of J. Patel,* K. Wells, H. Kommaraju trust provided by the proposed approach. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Designing Protection and Adaption into a Survivability Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Architecture: Demonstration and Validation (DPASA- This research addresses the measurement of error rates in DV) commercial microprocessors. Microprocessors are core W. H. Sanders,* A. Agbaria, T. Courtney, M. Ihde, computing engines in the NASA Remote Exploration and M. Seri, S. Singh, F. Stevens Experimentation Project (REE). One serious problem is Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project single-event upsets due to high intensity radiation in outer F30602-02-C-0134, subcontracted from BBN space. Knowledge of these error rates is essential in the Technologies design of the highly fault-tolerant REE computing systems. The goal of this project is to develop a survivability The measurement of these error rates is the focus of the architecture and implementation for a large, distributed proposed research. The research will generate software publish and subscribe system and then to verify that the tools that are capable of measuring and characterizing any architecture and implementation enable the system to errors in microprocessors. withstand attacks from a knowledgeable and sophisticated VLSI Test adversary for a significant period of time. The architecture, J. Patel,* A. Pandey implementation, and survivability validation methodology Semiconductor Research Corp. we are producing will set a new standard for design Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory methodologies and integrated technologies that ensure continuous performance of mission-critical, network- The cost of test application of a single chip grows as a centric systems defended against skilled adversaries. function of the number of clock cycles and/or number of storage bits required to test a chip. As a result, test ITR: Experimental Validation of Large-Scale application time and test data volume have become serious Networked Software Systems problems in testing of system-on-chip designs. In this W. H. Sanders,* R. Barnes, C. Basile, B. Brothers, research, new scan and BIST organizations are being P. Cerny, S. Chen, M. Conte, T. Courtney, M. Cukier, devised that reduce not just data volume but also test time D. Daly, L. de Moura, S. Derisavi, M. Hamman, and associated hardware. Hybrid DFT techniques that G. Hamon, W.-M. Hwu, R. K. Iyer, K. R. Joshi, combine BIST with deterministic scan vectors are also Z. Kalbarczyk, H. S. Kim, T. H. Kim, V. V. Lam, being investigated. R. M. Lefever, Z. Liu, S. Lumetta, J. Matarazzo, J. Rushby, J. Sias, M. Sorea, A. Tiwari, Z. Yang, CT-CS: Trustworth Cyber Infrastructure for the J. Zymla Power Grid National Science Foundation, #0086096 W. H. Sanders,* D. E. Bakken, A. Bose, R. Campbell, T. Courtney, G. Gross, C. A. Gunter, C. Hauser, This research is developing the theory, methodology, and H. Khurana, R. K. Iyer, Z. T. Kalbarczyk, K. Nahrstedt, tools necessary to experimentally validate the D. M. Nicol, T. J. Overbye, P. W. Sauer, S. W. Smith, dependability, performance, and survivability of large- R. J. Thomas, V. Welch, M. Winslett, R. Zimmerman scale networked software systems. The intention is to National Science Foundation, #CNS-0524695 develop a comprehensive framework for validating (via experimental and model-based methods) large-scale The Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid networked software systems. Taken as a whole, this work (TCIP) NSF Cyber Trust Center was created to address the will provide a sound and fundamental approach to challenge of how to protect the nation’s power grid. It will validation of networked software and applications. significantly improve the way the power grid cyber infrastructure is built, making it more secure, reliable, and safe. TCIP is working to provide the fundamental science and technology needed to create an intelligent, adaptive
* Denotes principal investigator.
68 NGS: A Compiler-Enabled Model- and Measurement- Loss Concealment for Real-Time Multimedia over IP Driven Adaptation Environment for Dependability and Networks Performance B. W. Wah,* D. Lin, X., Su, H. Yu W. H. Sanders,* V. S. Adve, M. Hiltunen, R. K. Iyer, [email protected] R. L. Plante, R. D. Schlichting Motorola Communication Center National Science Foundation, CNS-0406351 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory This research entails the design of effective multiple- Next-generation parallel and distributed computing must description coding (MDC) algorithms at senders of IP be dependable and have predictable performance in order networks, like the Internet, that take into account the to meet the requirements of increasingly complex scientific reconstruction method used at receivers for concealing lost and commercial applications. This research will result in packets, in order to deliver audio and video data packets the production and distribution of a practical, integrated over these networks in real time with high quality (both compiler and middleware system that uses online models subjectively as well as objectively). Loss concealment of and measurement techniques to achieve performance and compressed multimedia data is essential because many dependability in a scalable manner under a wide variety of coding algorithms remove temporal differences in order to changing conditions. The techniques we develop could achieve high coding efficiency, thereby introducing a ultimately impact many diverse and critical applications, pervasive dependency structure into the bit stream. As a including those in the electric power distribution, result, losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals will aerospace, healthcare, and financial services sectors. result in the loss of subsequent dependent frames, leading to audio or visual artifacts that can be long lasting and U.S.-Germany Cooperative Research: Analysis of annoying. We have chosen MDC because it is effective for Multi-Paradigm Möbius Models Using Kronecker- concealing losses in transmissions without explicit Based Techniques redundancy control and for networks without priority W. H. Sanders,* P. Kemper transmissions. Empirical tests on the Internet show that National Science Foundation, #INT-0233490 packet losses are bursty with small burst lengths. Statistics This collaborative proposal between the University of also shows that two descriptions in MDC are adequate in Illinois and Dortmund University is working to make most situations, whereas four descriptions will allow us to possible the use of Kronecker representations and analysis control unrecoverable losses under 8% in the worst site methods within the Möbius framework. measured. Our research results in efficient MDC Efficient Algorithms for Temporal Planning under algorithms that are input independent, without requiring Nonlinear Constraints run-time adaptation of the algorithms to new inputs. B. W. Wah,* C.-W. Hsu, F. Li, M. Qian Stochastic Anytime Search with Applications in [email protected] Autonomous Planning and Scheduling National Science Foundation, NSF 03-12084 B. W. Wah,* Y. Chen, M. Richards Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory [email protected] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA This research involves the development of formal NCC2-1230 mathematical conditions for reducing the search space of planning problems and the demonstration of performance Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory improvements in search engines of planner and other This research entails the development of a theory and its discrete searches. By formulating temporal planning associated derivative-free search algorithms in order to problems as dynamic optimization problems with dynamic solve constrained nonlinear programming problems variables that evolve over time, this research finds new (NSPs) with discrete, continuous, or mixed-integer node-dominance conditions by developing the necessary variables. Our secondary goal is to apply the algorithms and sufficient conditions for local optimality. By developed in autonomous control and planning in NASA partitioning the search into stages and by finding only applications. The research characterizes constrained local dominating states in each stage using the conditions minima in NLPs by necessary and sufficient conditions on developed, the search for feasible or optimal plans can be points in the unconstrained penalty function, develops restricted to a much smaller subspace in each stage. stochastic anytime search algorithms that generate solutions of improved quality when given more time and
* Denotes principal investigator.
69 computational resources, and applies the search algorithms on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). In to solve problems in autonomous control and planning. addition, the energy-coupling mechanisms from the lower to the upper atmosphere over the Antarctic are not well Streaming Audio and Video Data with understood. Researchers are deploying an advanced lidar Transformation-Based Error Concealment system at the South Pole that is capable of measuring B. W. Wah,* B. Sat, H. Yu characteristics of the morphology of the PSCs. They will [email protected] also measure upper atmospheric wave activity using Na as Motorola Center for Communications, University of a tracer. Illinois Testing of Parallel Optical Fiber Links Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory G. C. Papen This research is on the design of protocols and coding National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166 methods for the concealment of errors that occur during Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory real-time transmissions of audio and video data over unreliable IP networks, such as the Internet and wireless Advanced optical interconnections based on parallel space networks. Since video and audio transmissions may division multiplexing using a fiber ribbon or wavelength tolerate some degree of loss, this research analyzes division multiplexing using multiple wavelengths within a schemes that involve trade-offs in their real-time single fiber require new techniques to measure and model requirements and tolerance to loss. By studying proper performance. These techniques are being developed coding of transmitted data, protocols to schedule because the aggregate data rates through these parallel transmissions and feedbacks, and reconstruction schemes spaces exceed 15 Gbits/s. Researchers are developing to recover lost data, the results developed can be applied testing methodologies and equipment to test and model the to emerging multimedia-ready 3G and 4G cellular performance of these high-speed data links. networks. High Latitude Mesospheric Dynamic and Chemistry Studies Remote Sensing G. R. Swenson,* A. Liu National Science Foundation, ATM 99-0859 Holographic Velocimetry Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory R. J. Adrian* (Theoret. & Appl. Mech.); G. Papen, D. Barnhart; T. J. Hanratty (Chem. Engr.) Studies of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-90-J-1415; U.S. and aurora will be performed with imaging and Department of Energy, DE-FG05-87ER75508; Argonne spectroscopy instrumentation at the NSF backscatter radar National Laboratory, ANL 828-62403 facility in Sondrestrom, Greenland. The measurement studies will be complemented by radar measurements as Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory well as an all-sky imagery measurement provided by One of the goals of experimental fluid flow is to verify large established instrumentation at the site. University of computational models. This requires the remote Illinois instrumentation includes a 4-channel photometer measurement of the 3-D velocity vector within a flow. This directed along the magnetic meridian, a CCD transmission project uses twin frequency-doubled YAG lasers to record imaging spectrometer, and a CCD all-sky airglow camera. two holograms of the fluid flow at two instants in time. The Scientific objectives include the study of momentum and complete velocity field is then reconstructed by performing energy flux carried by propagating waves, chemistry 3-D correlations of tracer particles within single volume associated with thin sporadic E and metal layers, and elements (typically 1 mm3). particle energy flux and beam characteristic energy of precipitating auroral particle beams. Image processing of Advanced Solid-State Lidar for the Scott-Admundsen 2-D spectrograms and 2-D images of atmospheric South Pole Station observations is a major activity with this program. G. C. Papen,* C. S. Gardner* National Science Foundation, OPP 92-19898 DPP Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Current models of ozone depletion over the Antarctic predict that some of the major chemical mechanisms occur
* Denotes principal investigator.
70 Imaging Studies of Mesospheric Gravity Waves G. R. Swenson,* A. Liu Semiconductor Lasers National Science Foundation, ATM 00-03180 1065 and 1040 nm DBR Laser Diodes Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory J. J. Coleman* Small-scale waves propagate from the lower atmospheric HRL Laboratories convection and mountain driven sources to the upper Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory atmosphere. Existing chemiluminescence produces Narrow linewidth, tunable semiconductor lasers are of airglows, which are perturbed by the waves. Airglow interest to a variety of applications, including fiber optic imagers observe the perturbations and the horizontal communication systems, optical generation of microwave wavelength, and amplitude of the waves are measured. The radiation, remote optical sensing, and molecular waves carry momentum and energy, which can interact spectroscopy. Various configurations of tunable lasers with the large-scale dynamics to cause major dynamic have been analyzed, and a two- or three-section distributed effects. Observations have been made at Albuquerque, feedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser New Mexico, and currently at Maui, Hawaii, where the is often the choice. The goal of these programs is to develop University of Illinois lidar makes complementary narrow linewidth, single longitudinal mode, strained layer measurements. Signal processing is accomplished to InGaAs DBR laser diodes operating near 1065 and 1040 extract the intrinsic wave parameters and power and nm for remote sensing applications. spectral characteristics of the horizontal wave structure. Development of Advanced Laser Diode Sources for Technology Development for the MIDEX WAVES Remote-Sensing Applications Satellite J. J. Coleman,* G. C. Papen* G. R. Swenson,* C. S. Gardner National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1-1861 NAG5-8569 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Several outstanding technical issues for narrowband This program involves the development of technologies systems, such as water vapor DIAL lidars, must be resolved associated with a multiple sensor remote sensing satellite before solid-state, laser-based remote-sensing systems designed to measure small-scale waves in the middle and have widespread use. One issue is the development of cw upper atmosphere. These studies include specifically the local oscillators (LOs) based on semiconductor laser diode demonstration of infrared sensor array technology. Array technology for use as injection seeders, which has not been sensors are planned for 1.26 and 1.45 microns that can be fully realized because of the severe linewidth, tunability, operated at elevated temperatures (160 K) but retain low and stability requirements of narrowband systems. This noise attributes. This technology allows passive radiators project will develop novel semiconductor devices rather than active refrigeration, enabling the sensors to specifically for use as tunable LO sources for narrowband operate with low power at a reliable, long lifetime on a water vapor DIAL systems operating in the 940 nm region. small satellite. Other technologies include the development Researchers will focus on a novel ridge-waveguide, of remote sensing signatures from optical emissions as distributed-Bragg-reflector laser, which has significant indicators of atmospheric dynamics for both the performance improvements for optical remote-sensing stratosphere and mesosphere. Instrumentation includes applications relative to conventional Fabry-Perot or both nadir and limb imagers and spectrometers as well as distributed-feedback lasers. a Michelson interferometer to measure Doppler winds. EOSS+ Laser Diode Substrate J. J. Coleman* Northrop Grumman Corp. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The electro-optic test station known as the EOSS+ is designed to support the testing of laser platforms at 1.064 mm through the use of a laser diode source. The characteristics of this diode, such as center wavelength and
* Denotes principal investigator.
71 peak power, are determined by the capabilities of the test program, including the development of etched facet receiver and the design of the EOSS+ unit itself. The structures, distributed feedback and distributed Bragg purpose of this program is to provide for the fabrication of reflector grating structures, monolithic space division a custom-built diode grown from a novel substrate multiplexing arrays designed for fiber coupling, selective designed to meet specification. epitaxy for wavelength division multiplexing arrays and for multielement integration, master oscillator-power High Brightness Laser Diodes amplifier (MOPA) configurations, frequency stabilization, J. J. Coleman* and distributed Bragg pulse shaper high-speed parallel-to- Nuvonyx, Inc. serial packet encoders. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Naturally Nanostructured Epitaxial Semiconductors The objective of this program is to address several issues J. M. Gibson,* D. G. Cahill, J. E. Greene, related to the MOCVD growth and characterization of A. M. Zangwill, J. J. Coleman InGaAs-GaAs strained layer lasers in the range of 920 nm National Science Foundation, DMR 9705440 to 1080 nm for high brightness applications. This approach Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory will be to develop a real index guided laser with integrated beam expanders and other active and passive optics formed This FRG/GOALI proposal addresses basic materials by selective area epitaxy. Present narrow stripe science and engineering issues in a collaborative program semiconductor lasers are generally limited to less than 200 between the University of Illinois and Hewlett-Packard mW of fundamental mode output power, because of the Laboratories to understand fundamental phenomena and narrow aperture. If the beam can be expanded while interactions associated with naturally nanostructured retaining fundamental mode operation, then the operating epitaxial semiconductors. Goals of the project are to obtain power can be correspondingly increased. semiconductor epitaxial nanostructures smaller than feasible via lithography and to examine their applications Narrow Linewidth, Multiple Wavelength, to novel devices. Strain-induced self-organization and Simultaneous-Emission Laser Diodes for Remote kinetically driven pattern formation are two approaches Optical Sensing and Other Applications being taken to achieve naturally nanostructured materials. J. J. Coleman* National Science Foundation, ECS 9900258 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Semiconductor Physics The proposal describes a program to develop Concurrent Electro-Thermal Modeling of Ultra-Scaled multiwavelength, simultaneous-emission lasers based on a MOS Technologies ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector Z. Aksamija, U. Ravaioli* semiconductor laser. The specific example of an [email protected] application that defines the need of such lasers is the National Science Foundation, SBC PU 501-1045-01 differential absorption, remote optical sensing of water This is an interdisciplinary collaborative project with vapor. A multiwavelength source with closely spaced Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. The goals narrow laser lines would be useful to obtain the detailed are to couple Monte Carlo device simulation of nanoscale absorption profile without having to turn the laser on and devices with detailed phonon transport simulation, to off the absorption peak as is practiced currently. This understand thermal effects in ultrascaled integrated program is designed to study and develop a simple multiple devices, and to formulate device design strategies to wavelength source suitable for these kinds of applications. minimize heat generation. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters for Integrated Optical Interconnects J. J. Coleman* National Science Foundation, ECD 89-43166 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This program involves development of semiconductor lasers suitable for use in integrated optoelectronics. There are a number of key technical issues to be addressed in this
* Denotes principal investigator.
72 Heterojunctions, Transport, Ion Implantation, and Network of Computational Nanotechnology Defects in III-V Semiconductors K. Hess,* S. Hu, S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin K. Hess,* S. Barraza-Lopez, S. Rotkin, Y. Li, W. Philipp [email protected] [email protected] National Science Foundation, CCR-01-21616 U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-89-J-1470 Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and Technology The nanostructure related research is focused on electronic This work is part of a Multi-University National Science properties of carbon nanotubes. We are particularly Foundation Center. The main goal of our work is the interested in metal-semiconductor transitions of these simulation of tubular nanostructures. We investigate both tubes due to a perturbation of the symmetry. We have nanostructures of biology, such as biological ion channels, shown that this transition can give rise to transistor function as well as nanostructures related to solid state electronics, (a metallic field effect transistor). Work on topics in such as carbon nanotubes. The tools of the investigation quantum information, particularly the Theorem of Bell, is are based on and developed by methods of computational also in progress. electronics (e.g. Monte Carlo simulations). High Field Transport of Free Carriers at Interfaces 3-D Self-Consistent Simulation of Quantum Dot Spin K. Hess,* F. Register Transistors of Quantum Information Processing [email protected] J. P. Leburton,* M. Lu U.S. Army Research Office, DAAL03-86-K-0099 [email protected] Semiconductor Research Corporation, 2003-NJ-1045 Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science In this research, we are studying the ultimate limitations of and Technology electronic transport in silicon and III-V compounds, including superlattices and the corresponding potential for This research concentrates on developing 3-D self- new devices, as well as the advantages of including consistent computer tools for realistic simulation of spin heterolayers in conventional devices. The theoretical operation in silicon quantum dot spin effects transistors in approach includes Monte Carlo simulations and explicit order to assess their feasibility and viability for solutions of the Boltzmann equation. We are also applications in quantum information processing. We developing a new algorithm to solve problems of quantum consider Si FET-device configurations similar to Kane's transport. proposal to achieve a C-NOT gate. Our purpose is to obtain a coherent 3-D picture of the interdependence among Monte Carlo to the Limits of MOS Scalability physical parameters and device considerations for spin- K. Hess,* U. Ravaioli,* G. Kathawala, M. Mohamed qubit operations, and to provide design rules for optimizing [email protected] the device. Semiconductor Research Corporation, NJ-1044 Scalable Spin-Qubit Circuits with Quantum Dots Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory J. P. Leburton,* D. Melnikov, J. Kim, L. Zhang The goal of this research is to develop 3-D full-band Monte [email protected] Carlo simulation software for the analysis of nanoscale Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, QuIST MOS structures. Devices investigated include double-gate program, DAAD19-01-1-0659 MOSFET and FinFET. An original quantum correction Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science scheme has been developed to include size quantization and Technology effects in the semiclassical Monte Carlo procedure. Comparisons are carried out with quantum simulation This research is aimed at achieving a scalable elementary approaches based on nonequilibrium Green's function spin-qubit circuit for quantum computing that is based on formalism. the manipulation of electron spins in coupled III-V semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). We take advantage of the advanced technology for planar and lateral QDs AlGAs/GaAs heterostructures and the fact that the electron effective mass is small, which eases the conditions for quantum confinement. Moreover, III-V materials enjoy
* Denotes principal investigator.
73 long spin coherence times, which is of utmost importance Simulation of Nanoscale Biological and Biomimetic for preserving quantum information over many qubit Systems operations. For this purpose, we have assembled an U. Ravaioli,* R. Toghraee international research team involving the University of [email protected] Basel, the University of Delft, Harvard University, NIH Nanomedicine Center for the Design of Biomimetic Princeton University, and Tokyo University. Team Nanoconductors members have complementary expertise in the physics of Simulation of ion charge transport in membranes is studied quantum computation and spintronics in nanostructures. using various engineering simulation approaches, These areas of expertise are fully integrated into a coherent including continuum and particle models, to develop and interactive effort, leading to the realization of an design methodologies for nanoscale systems. Physical elementary qubit circuit. approaches like classical and quantum molecular dynamics Interactive Tools for Nanotechnology Education are relied on to provide first-principle calibration of U. Ravaioli,* R. Braatz,* H.-S. Hahm transport parameter for the engineering reduced order [email protected] models. The goal of this multidisciplinary project is to NSF National Science Center for Learning and Teaching create a software infrastructure to support the future design Nanoscale Science and Engineering of biomimetic components for a variety of applications in nanomedicine, including implantable self-sustaining This project involves a multidisciplinary, multi-university power sources and artificial organs. team involving Northwestern University (lead institution), University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois at The Science and Technology of Nano/Molecular Urbana-Champaign, Purdue University, and University of Electronics: Theory, Simulation, and Experimental Michigan. One of the goals is to pursue research in Characterization education addressing the introduction of nanotechnology U. Ravaioli,* R. Ravishankar, Z. Yang concepts at various school levels, from middle school to [email protected] undergraduate programs. Our group is developing Defense University Research Initiative on interactive simulation and visualization tools to explore Nanotechnology, U.S. Army Research Office, SIT new ways to introduce advanced concepts in the curricula. 527826-08 Simulation of Charge Transport in Ionic Channels Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science U. Ravaioli,* T. A. Van der Straaten, G. A. Kathawala, and Technology Y. Li This project is part of a DURINT multi-university effort, [email protected] with Stevens Institute of Technology as lead institution. NSF Network for Computational Nanotechnology The specific goals of this subcontract are to develop The well developed tools of computational electronics nanelectronics simulation tools to understand the ultimate have been adapted to simulate ion transport in biological limits of silicon technology and explore new device channels, treated as nanoscale natural devices. Continuum concepts based on quantum effects. The emphasis of the (drift-diffusion) and particle (Trasport Monte Carlo) work is on 3-D simulation and high performance parallel simulation approaches have been developed where computing, using nonequilibrium Green's function and interaction with the aqueous environment is resolved in Monte Carlo simulation approaches. terms of mobility or scattering rate. The goal of this work is to provide a scalable input-output description of natural nanopores for uses in bioelectronic sensor design. Artificial or biomimetic nanopores are also investigated with similar simulation tools, for the design of artificial membranes incorporating features of biological ones.
* Denotes principal investigator.
74 High Quantum Efficiency Infrared Photodetector Semiconductors Arrays Based on Nanowire Heterostructures Y. C. Chang* (Physics), K.-Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* Ge-Sb-Te Phase Change Materials: Optical and [email protected] Electronic Properties, Structural Transformations, National Reconnaissance Office, NRC000-05-C-0023 and Fabrication of Nanostructures S. G. Bishop,* B.-S. Lee, Y. Xiao, J. R. Abelson Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory [email protected] The goal of this project is to developed high quantum- National Science Foundation, DMR-0412939 efficiency, high color-contrast multi-wavelength quantum Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory wire infrared photodetector (QWRIP) arrays. The QWRIP uses a self-assembly approach to create high-density The properties of Ge-Sb-Te alloys and the rapid nanoscale quantum wire structures that provide the basis amorphous-crystalline phase change that they exhibit are for high quantum efficiency infrared detection. The being investigated using ellipsometry, optical absorption QWRIP combines the best features of the quantum well and reflection spectroscopy, photoconductivity, infrared photodetector (QWIP) and quantum dot infrared photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, Hall effect, photodetector (QDIP) to offer normal incidence high resolution TEM, and fluctuation electron microscopy. absorption, high quantum efficiency, and adjustable Specific problems include: optical, electronic, and infrared absorption from 8 to 40 μm. Unique polarization structural characterization of sputtered thin films of the sensitive absorption properties of quantum wires enable materials; the effects of composition, conditions of two distinct quantum wire infrared detection layers (or a synthesis, thermal annealing, and optical or e-beam quantum wire layer and a quantum well layer) with irradiation on their properties; detection and different spectral responses to be monolithically integrated characterization of nano-crystallites in the amorphous without interference, yielding excellent color contrast. phase and their role in the phase change mechanism; the spatial limits/resolution of the phase change, aimed at Center of Hyper-Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies fabricating quantum structures. for Ultra-Fast Optoelectronic Systems (HUNT Center) K.-Y. Cheng,* M. Feng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* Photoluminescence Studies of Semiconductor K. C. Hsieh, R. D. Dupuis* (Georgia Tech Univ.), Nanostructures and Rare Earth-doped Semiconductor V. Narayanamurti* (Harvard Univ.), Materials W. I. Wang* (Columbia Univ.) S. G. Bishop,* I. Adesida, J. J. Coleman, J. O. White [email protected] University of Illinois Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, University Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Photonics Research Centers Program, HR0011-04-1-0034 This research program applies photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, time resolved Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory PL, and PL imaging to the characterization of defects and The mission of the HUNT Center (Center of Hyper- impurities in bulk and epitaxial semiconductor materials, Uniform Nanophotonic Technologies for Ultra-Fast and the composition, doping, thickness, interfaces, Optoelectronic Systems) is the development of critical uniformity, and quantum confinement effects in technologies, including hyper-uniform nano-photonic semiconductor nanostructures. Rare earth-doped fabrication, high performance quantum dot vertical-cavity semiconducting glasses and rare earth implanted GaN are surface-emitting lasers, and ultra-fast light-emitting being developed as sources of near- and mid-IR radiation. transistor-based lasers for the realization of ultra-fast Excitation of the intra-4f shell emission from rare earth (≥100Gb/s) optoelectronic interconnect systems. Center 3+ 3+ 3+ dopants (e.g. Er , Pr , Dy ) in chalcogenide glasses by programs encompass semiconductor nanoscale materials broad band optical absorption in the Urbach edge of the growth, nano-patterning, nanoscale material analysis, host glass is under investigation as a novel optical pumping nanostructure laser device design and fabrication, optical mechanism. receiver design and fabrication, as well as high-speed optoelectronics integrated heterogeneously on a common semiconductor platform to perform ultra-fast optical interface functions.
* Denotes principal investigator.
75 GaAs-based Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures Materials Research for High-Performance K -Y. Cheng,* K. C. Hsieh* Optoelectronic Devices Employing III-V Compound [email protected] Semiconductor Native Oxide Layers Agere Systems N. Holonyak, Jr.* National Science Foundation, DMR-9612283 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The goal of this research program is to develop oxide deposition techniques for the fabrication of GaAs-based The primary thrust of this program is the growth and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors characterization of heteroepitaxial materials employing (MOSFETs). Various oxides, including SiO2, Al2O3, quantum wells, quantum dots, layer disordering, and native Ga2O3, and Gd3Ga5O12 are deposited on GaAs in an oxide device definition, e.g. buried apertures. This work is ultrahigh vacuum system at Bell Laboratories to form MOS focused on the development of better lasers, LEDs, and structures. Researchers will characterize their structural, transistor lasers. optical, and chemical properties through transmission Surface Engineering for Compliant Epitaxy electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng,* I. Adesida and Auger electron spectroscopy, respectively, to improve Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the oxide deposition process. F49620-98-1-0496 Ultra-High-Speed Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory K.-Y. Cheng* [email protected] The goal of this research is to realize dislocation-free and Semiconductor Research Corporation, SRC-2001-NJ-946 stress-relaxed lattice mismatched epitaxy growth of different compound semiconductors on various substrates Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory across the whole wafer or on selected areas for device The goal of this research is to develop viable techniques integration applications. Our immediate goals include that allow demonstration of Inp-based HBTs with fundamental understanding of the growth conditions fT>400GHz for insertion into the ultra-high-speed (>100 related to the formation of strained-modulated and defect- GHz) circuits. absorbing templates and the development of techniques to fully control the formation of strain-absorbing and VCSEL and Smart Pixel Research for VLSI Photonic deformable growth templates with an emphasis on Systems processing simplicity and system integrability. InP-based K.-Y. Cheng,* N. Holonyak, Jr.,* M. Feng,* optoelectronic and microwave devices will be integrated K. C. Hsieh* selectively on surface-engineered GaAs substrates. [email protected] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Wafer Bonding for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices DAAG55-98-1-0303 K. C. Hsieh,* K.-Y. Cheng Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, MDA Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory 972-00-1-0020 The purpose of this research is to develop technology Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory related to VLSI photonic systems. The scope of the program ranges from basic materials research, to the The goal of this research is to develop wafer-bonding fabrication of large-scale integrated circuits, to advanced technologies for hybrid integrating mismatched device technologies for the integration of systems in structures for advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits. heterogeneous materials. Goals of the project include the The potential applications include fabricating high- design, growth, fabrication, and testing of III-V performance visible LEDs, vertical-cavity-surface- semiconductor vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers; the emitting lasers, resonant-cavity photodetectors, 2-D and 3- development of smart pixels, circuits for the detection of D photonic crystals, and high-performance semi-insulating optical signals, intelligent routing of the information, and wafer substrates. Our current efforts are focused on re-emission of optical signals; and the development of developing high-efficient wafer-bonding strategy and techniques for the integration of heterogeneous materials. fundamental understanding of the hybrid interface properties, including interface microstructures, electrical and optical characteristics, interface strain/stress and
* Denotes principal investigator.
76 adhesion properties, and so forth. The long-term goals will higher isolation compared with conventional electronics include developing chip-scale photonic/electronic switching components. MEMS fabrication technology for integration methodologies for high-density 3-D silicon and composed semiconductor materials is being architectures. studied in order to realize mechanical RF switches as well as high-gain antennas to validate results of the E-M ITR/SY: Foundations of Solid-State Quantum simulation. Information Processing P. G. Kwiat,* A. J. Leggett, M. B. Salamon, J. R. Tucker, Efficient Computational Prototyping of Mixed D. Van Harlingen Technology Microfluidic Components and Systems National Science Foundation, EIA-01-21568 C. Liu* Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency The core of this program is an exploration of three distinct but related solid state technologies as candidates for Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory quantum information processing: single spins on The objective is to develop microfluid components individual P-donors in silicon, ferromagnetic particles in (including pumps and valves), materials (including close proximity to a superconductor, and superconductor polymeric MEMS and biodegradable materials), and phase electronics based on Josephson tunneling and applications (including drug delivery systems). Microfluid SQUIDs. Supporting this effort will be a theory component circuits are on the scale of micrometer to millimeter; they that addresses key issues concerning the evolution and are used to transport biological and chemical materials. monitoring of quantum-entangled states and an experimental study of qubit dynamics using the highly Integrated Biomimetic Sensors Using Artificial Hair developed techniques of modern quantum optics. Cells C. Liu,* F. Delcomyn Biologically Inspired Artificial Haircell Sensors National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAG C. Liu,* D. L. Jones, F. Delcomyn 5-8781 U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, F49620-01-1-0496 Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The main focus of this work is to develop prototype micromachined artificial haircell (AHC) sensors that can This work is aimed at developing artificial haircell sensors be used as modular building blocks for a variety of sensors that are inspired by biological haircell sensors. This work for sensing acceleration, flow rate, and tactile information. is focused on studying the fundamental principles of neurological responses of haircells to develop Integrated Capillary Microelectrode Arrays for micromachined devices that mimic the performance of Studies of Olfactory Response Patterns in the Insect biological entities. Brain C. Liu* CAD Design Tools for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Controlled Communication Microsystems Biological Systems Program C. Liu,* M. Feng, S. M. Kang, E. Michielssen, J. Schutt-Ainé Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Composite- This project aims to develop the first arrayed capillary CAD Program, F30602-97-0328 microelectrodes using integrated microfabrication Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory technology and to demonstrate the enhanced capabilities for monitoring neurological behavior of insect olfactory A mixed technology computer-aided design system is systems. being developed for the cost effective design of wireless communication modules that will ultimately enable Integrated Sensing: Biomimetic Sensors for networked distributed MEMS. The module, operating at Autonomous Underwater Vehicles millimeter-wave frequencies, will allow direct interface C. Liu,* G. Karniadakis, C. Chryssostomidis between MEMS transducers and the free-space National Science Foundation, ECS 02-25S19 electromagnetic radiation. MEMS components offer Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory unique advantages for RF circuits. As an example, micromechanical switches exhibit lower insertion loss and A team of researchers from the University of Illinois and the MIT Ocean Engineering Department join efforts in * Denotes principal investigator.
77 developing artificial lateral line sensors for autonomous micromachined artificial haircell sensors for flow sensor underwater vehicles (AUV) that are useful for underwater applications. exploration, warfare, and security. The lateral line sensor Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) is a basic flow sensor for nearly all species of fish and many C. Liu* amphibian animals. We will develop micromachined National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 REU underwater flow sensors with artificial haircells, shear stress sensors based on thermal transfer, and pressure Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory sensors. Such sensors will be developed on a flexible This grant provides undergraduate students with substrate suitable for underwater applications. opportunities to conduct advanced research projects in C. Integrated Sensitive Skin with Advanced Data Liu's research group. Architecture Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC): C. Liu,* N. Shanbhag, D. L. Jones Center for Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection National Science Foundation, IIS 00-80639 Technologies Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory C. Mirkin (Northwestern Univ.), C. Liu, S. Sligar, G. Shartz, M. Ratman, M. Hersam, and others An interdisciplinary team of researchers will develop National Science Foundation, SBC NW 0830-520-N602 microfabricated, multiple modality sensor skin with advanced data structure and signal processing algorithms. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory A flexible sensor skin that imitates biological tactile This is an NSEC center project in which more than 20 sensors faces important challenges in terms of faculty members located at Northwestern University, the microfabrication, materials, density of sensors, and University of Illinois, the University of Chicago, and others accompanying circuits. Prof. Liu and students will develop are participating. The central objective of this center is to advanced multimodal sensors with self-configuration develop integrated nanopatterning technologies. The capabilities. Prof. Shanbhag is developing energy efficient major thrusts in this project are nanopatterning techniques, signal processors, while Prof. Jones is interested in optical chemical sensors, and microfluid platforms for developing signal processing algorithms that are biological detection. The C. Liu group works in the first biologically inspired. and third areas. Mechanically Conformal and Electronically Parallel, Ultrafast Sub-100 Nanometer Dip-Pen Reconfigurable Aperture (RECAP) Using Low- Nanolithography Voltage MEMS and Flexible Membrane for Space- C. Mirkin, (Northwestern Univ.) C. Liu* based Radar Applications Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Army NW C. Liu* 0650-300F245 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory The Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) method is uniquely The objective is to develop micromachined antennas with capable of directly patterning chemicals onto substrates reconfigurible wavelength and directionality using with sub-100 nm spatial resolution. It is a powerful micromachined switches. We are currently developing technique for depositing materials for surface chemistry. micromachining processes based on polymeric materials However, the DPN method typically relies on single probes to realize three-dimensional RF MEMS. and is serial in nature. In this work, we develop highly CAREER: Biologically-Inspired Integrated Sensors parallel arrayed DPN probes using micromachining for Robotics Applications techniques. Both passive and active probes are being C. Liu* developed. The active probes can be lifted individually. National Science Foundation, IIS 99-84954 CAR The actuation is based on thermal bimetallic bending or piezoelectric bending. Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory This CAREER award is aimed at imitating biological haircell sensors that are widely used in the biological world. The research is focused on developing
* Denotes principal investigator.
78 Controlled Coupling of Donor Atom Wavefunctions in Silicon Signal and Image Processing J. Tucker,* J. Kline, S. Robinson, Directional Multiresolution Image Processing: Theory, T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.) Algorithms, and Applications [email protected] M. N. Do,* Y. Lu, J. Zhou, A. Cunha U.S. Army Research Office, DAAD 19-00-1-0407 [email protected] The goal of this project is to selectively place PH3 National Science Foundation (CAREER Award) molecules onto the hydrogen-terminated silicon surface Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory via STM lithography and overgrow them into the crystal as phosphorous donors. If successful, this work could This project seeks to develop new "true" two-dimensional provide a means for constructing quantum computers representations that can deal more effectively with typical based on control of ground-state wavefunctions on images having smooth contours. The focus is on the individual P-atom donors. Other potential applications development of directional and multiresolution image include single-charge electronics, cellular automata, and expansions using nonseparable filter banks, in much the nanometer-scale field-effect transistors. Reproducible same way that wavelets were constructed from filter banks. characteristics are made possible by the large ~5nm Bohr In essence, the proposed research pursues nonseparable diameter for individual donor bound states, so that extensions of wavelets and multiresolution techniques so coupling between nearest neighbors will be defined that they can capture the directional information—an accurately if redistribution is limited to ~1nm or less during important and unique feature of multidimensional signals. ultra-low-temperature overgrowth. In parallel, newly developed image representations will be explored in a variety of applications, where substantial Wavefunction Engineering of Individual Donors for Si- improvements over current methods are expected. Based Quantum Computers J. Tucker,* M. Feng, Y. C. Chang, A Modern Autofocus Methodology with Applications T. C. Shen (Utah State Univ.), R. R. Du (Univ. of Utah) to Radar Imaging U.S. Army Research Office, 42257-PH-QC M. N. Do,* R. L. Morrison [email protected] The goal of this multi-investigator program is to develop National Science Foundation the basic fabrication and measurement technologies needed to implement a silicon-based quantum computer. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory To do this, researchers must place individual phosphorous Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), geophysical and seismic donors into the silicon lattice with atomic precision, imaging, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence establish electrical control over wavefunction overlap tomography (OCT), and many forms of astronomical between donor-pairs, and successfully detect spin states of imaging are examples of coherent imaging systems. In the resulting two-electron system by measuring the practice, due to imprecise knowledge of the motion of the presence or absence of electronically-induced polarization. sensor or due to signal propagation through a medium The research team does not propose working quantum having a spatially varying propagation velocity, the logic gates within this three-year project. If successful, produced imagery is improperly focused. This project however, that goal will be undertaken in a follow-up develops a modern autofocus methodology that provide a program that incorporates SiGe overgrowth and patterning systematic approach to the design of autofocus algorithms. of individual top-gates for each P-atom donor. Toward this end, a theoretical paradigm is devised for the autofocus problem in which prior assumptions in the problem statement are systematically utilized in producing efficient, high-quality image restorations.
* Denotes principal investigator.
79 Audiovisual Speech Recognition in Automotive describing the prosodic-phonemic interaction are only now Environment becoming precise enough to support efforts in automatic M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* T. S. Huang, S. Levinson speech recognition. Our research seeks to precisely [email protected] describe the prosodic-phonemic interaction using both Motorola, Inc. detailed phonetic analysis and probabilistic speech recognition models. This research has already succeeded Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory in demonstrating, for the first time in the literature, that the Speech recognition in an automobile is typically performed use of prosody can lead to improved word recognition using a single microphone, often mounted in the sun-visor accuracy in a large-vocabulary speech recognition in front of the driver. With typical road noise, most experiment. recognizers generate too many errors for practical use. This Face Processing research project experiments with speech recognition T. S. Huang,* X. Xu, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, Y. Fu using multimodal recordings acquired by a visor-mounted [email protected] array including eight microphones and four cameras. We Yamaha Motor Corporation focus on accurate visual face tracking lip feature extraction and robust audio noise cancellation. Our goal is to Research Conducted at the Beckman Institute for demonstrate that error rate of a multichannel audiovisual Advanced Science and Technology recognizer is much lower than error rate of a standard Researchers are developing methodologies and algorithms recognizer under automotive test conditions. for 2-D and 3-D face analysis with applications in face Landmark-based Speech Recognition in Music and detection, recognition, tracking, and animation. For Speech Backgrounds analysis, we are particularly interested in outdoor scenarios M. Hasegawa-Johnson* where the illumination and head pose are highly varying. [email protected] For animation, a major project is text- and speech-driven National Science Foundation, CISE 0132900 realistic synthetic talking faces. Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Image and Video Databases and Technology T. S. Huang,* A. Velivelli, T. Chen, C. Dagli [email protected] Human listeners are able to recognize speech based on Yamaha Motor Corporation dynamic portions of the signal, even if all static portions are masked by noise or by background music. This research Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the seeks to develop mathematical models capable of Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology abstracting the perceptual response patterns of human A number of challenging issues in image and video listeners. Probabilistic auditory scene analysis uses indexing and retrieval are being studied. Of particular cognitive stochastic automaton models, combined with use interest are the following: similarity- and example-based of dynamic Bayesian network methods, in order to imitate retrieval, the use of relevance feedback from users to the ability of listeners to understand speech mixed with improve retrieval performance, and the recognition of loud background music. Landmark-based speech semantic concepts in video based on multimodal cues. recognition imitates the extra sensitivity of humans to dynamic as opposed to static signals. Multimodal Human–Computer Interaction T. S. Huang,* J. Tu, M. Liu, D. J. Lin, X. Han, H. Ning, Prosodic, Intonational, and Voice Quality Correlates of M. Rahurkar Disfluency [email protected] M. Hasegawa-Johnson,* J. Cole, C. Shih National Science Foundation, IIS 00-85980, IIS 01-38965, [email protected] and CCF 04-26627 National Science Foundation Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory and the Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Technology The term "human-computer interaction" is used in a broad Prosody is the stress and rhythm pattern of naturally spoken sense to include communication between persons and language. Linguists agree that the sound of a phoneme computers as well as communication between persons depends on its prosodic context, but experimental data mediated by computers. Researchers are investigating a
* Denotes principal investigator.
80 variety of issues related to the use of computer vision and A Comprehensive Retargetable Embedded Systems image processing in HCI, as well as the integration of Software Development Environment vision, audio, and speech. Examples include visual human D. L. Jones,* S. Appadwedula, D. Sachs (body, face, hand) tracking and analysis, combining speech [email protected] and visual hand tracking in manipulating virtual objects, University of Virginia, National Science Foundation audio-visual speech recognition in noisy environments, subcontract and audio-visual human emotion recognition. Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Video Analysis New compiler technology and a high-performance T. S. Huang,* N. Petrovic, A. Ivanovic, A. Sethi, software development environment specialized for digital S. Rajaram, M. Gupta, Y. Zhou, signal processors are being developed. Challenging signal [email protected] processing applications in wireless video communication ARDA MDA 904-03-C-1787 will be used as a testbed for evaluating the performance of Research conducted at the Coordinated Science the new optimizing compiler technology. The new Laboratory and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science compilation and software tools will be introduced into an and Technology instructional Digital Signal Processing Laboratory course for leading-edge undergraduate education and additional Researchers are using generative probabilistic models evaluation. (GPM) to do video analysis. Tasks include stabilization, denoising, superresolution, segmenting video into layers, and video event retrieval based on examples. Applications Solid State Devices include online surveillance and monitoring, and offline analysis using video archives. Luminescence and Laser Studies in III-V Semiconductors Remote Reality: 4-D Audio-Visual Reconstruction and N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter Compression from Multiple Sensors National Science Foundation, ECS 82-00517 D. L. Jones,* M. N. Do,* R. Morrison, H. Nguyen [email protected] Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory National Science Foundation (ITR Grant) in conjunction with the Department of Physics
Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory Heterojunctions in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs and related materials This project develops new signal processing techniques for are being examined. Quantum size effects have been reconstruction of the audio and visual recording at an observed and have led to single and multiple active layer arbitrary location in space and time from multiple acoustic quantum-well diode light emitters and lasers. Stimulated and video sensors, but extending recent research in emission, absorption, disorder, alloy clustering, carrier adaptive beamforming, multisensor signal processing of scattering, phonon processes, tunneling effects, and nonstationary signals, and fundamental new advances in impurity diffusion in these structures are being studied. multidimensional signal representation. Practical four- Impurity-induced disordering and Al-bearing native dimensional audiovisual recording, transmission, oxides are being studied and used to form stripe-geometry playback, and remote reality will be demonstrated with lasers and more complicated array structures. Quantum low-cost, conventional sensors attached to networked well lasers have been operated in an external grating cavity computers, thus confirming the practicality of the proposed in an extended wavelength range. Newer forms of methods and applications. quantum-well lasers have been realized, including native- oxide-defined lasers and waveguides. Quantum dot lasers coupled to quantum well lasers are being studied. Also, heterojunction bipolar light emitting transistors (HBLETs) have been identified and are being studied; these include HBLETs both with and without quantum well and quantum dot modifications.
* Denotes principal investigator.
81 Quantum-Well Heterostructures compilation and runtime support. We took a systematic and N. Holonyak, Jr.,* G. Walter synergetic approach to making these advances and National Science Foundation, DMR 89-20538 incorporated them into an integrated performance engineering framework and resource-aware compilation Conducted in the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory and runtime system. In addition, we demonstrated the use in cooperation with the Department of Physics and the of the integrated framework/system via application to Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory several important parallel and distributed multimedia, The fundamental properties of III-V heterostructures video database, and computer vision applications. grown by vapor phase epitaxy are being studied. On quantum-well MOCVD AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructures, Thin Films and Charged Particles laser operation 400 meV above Eg(GaAs) has been observed, the first cw 300 K laser operation has been Synthesis and Study of Tailored Organometallic, achieved, laser operation on phonon-sidebands below the Inorganic, and Polymeric Precursors for Sol-Gel confined-particle states has been observed, and alloy Processing, Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Deposition, disorder and clustering in quantum-well heterostructures and Chemical Vapor Deposition have been identified. Impurity-induced disordering of H. Choi,* K. Kim,* S. Lim, M. G. Kang quantum-well heterostructures and Al-bearing native [email protected] oxides, that is, the native oxide of Al Ga As formed at x 1-x APL Engineered Materials 400° to 500°C with H2O + N2, are being examined via TEM and photoluminescence studies. This project is the first To fabricate highly ordered micro and nano structures, (1977) to realize p-n quantum-well lasers and to coin the such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin films of name "QW lasers." controlled chemical composition and stoichiometry by charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and Sol-Gel processing, it is crucial to Supercomputing Research and have precursors with desired properties. Such precursors Development are designed, synthesized, and their physical properties are evaluated by analyzing the materials prepared from them. Resulting optimal precursors are used to fabricated the An Integrated Framework for Performance desired highly ordered nanoscale structures. Engineering and Resource-Aware Compilation C. Polychronopoulos,* F. Breg, J. Brokish, S. Carroll, Precision Particle Fabrication: The Targeted Delivery Y. Chen, A. Christensen, S. M. Chu, G. Clark, I. Cohen, of Microsphere Encapsulated Aminobisphosphonates T. Courtney, D. Craig, D. Daly, D. D. Deavours, for Treating Autoimmune and Neoplastic Diseases of S. Derisavi, J. Doyle, M. Drzal, X. Han, P. Hong, The Mononuclear Phagocytic System T. S. Huang, Y. Huang, P. Kalogiannis, W. Ko, T. Fan,* S. Charney,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* C. Kyung C. Koopmans, F. Koopmans, A. Kulothungun, [email protected] V. V. Lam, D. J. Lin, J. Lin, K. Marukawa, Veterinary Medical Research Funds D. S. Nikolopoulos, N. Petrovic, H. Saito, The main objective of this multidisciplinary initiative is to W. H. Sanders, N. Stavrakos, Q. Tian, J. Tu, P. Webster, successfully encapsulate two aminobisphosphonates, Y. Wu, M. Yankelevsky, H. Zhou, X. Zhou pamidronate and zoledronate, into hydroxyethyl starch [email protected] microspheres using a patent-pending technology known as National Science Foundation, EIA 99-75019 precision particle fabrication. The long-term goals of this Conducted in the Coordinated Science Laboratory pilot investigation would be to develop a novel, commercially viable therapeutic modality for treating This project developed a comprehensive and integrated autoimmune and neoplastic disorders involving the approach to application composition and development, mononuclear phagocytic system. system and application modeling and evaluation, performance characterization, compiler optimization, and low-overhead runtime support. Achieving these capabilities required fundamental advances in methods for hierarchical, multilanguage modeling, simulation, and evaluation, and techniques for adaptive, resource-aware
* Denotes principal investigator.
82 Tissue Engineered Scaffolds with Imbedded capsules of precise size, shell thickness, porosity, and Microspheres to Improve Bone and Soft Tissue Healing charge are investigated for various applications in Through Controlled Delivery of Growth Factors biotechnology. Applications under investigation include R. Jamison,* K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, A. Morgan, advanced drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensor/ A. Sendemir-Urkmez, C. Kearney, C. Kyung biomarker development, and bioavailability enhancement [email protected] of functional foods. Mechanical, hydrodynamic, electrical, College of Engineering and sol-gel techniques and their combinations are used to fabricate the particles. The smallest particles fabricated to This research is to optimize the design of tissue engineering date are in the 10-nanometer range, and the largest in the substitutes for bone by understanding the relationship mm range. between the size, structure, and distribution of microspheres in porous scaffolds and their drug release Electromagnetic Railgun Hydrogen-Pellet Accelerator characteristics. An array of microspheres from chitosan for Magnetic Fusion Reactor Refueling and hydrogel polymer, biocompatible material currently K. Kim,* H. Fan used for treatment of burns and delivery of drugs, will be U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-84ER52111 produced, loaded with growth factors, and then embedded Feasibility of an electromagnetic railgun as a high-velocity in porous scaffolds of the same polymers. The rate, (~10 km/s) hydrogen pellet injector for refueling magnetic concentration, and duration of drug release will be fusion reactors is investigated both experimentally and measured in vitro for several growth factors that have theoretically. A variety of advanced railgun configurations shown promise in other studies. are considered, especially those that rely on magnetic Coating of Liquid Crystal Display Panel Components propulsion of the pellet by a plasma-arc armature and that Using the Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Technique do not require a fuse to effect the system operation. The K. Kim,* H. Choi,* S. H. Rhee principal diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical LG. Philips LCD spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A CAMAC system is employed for data acquisition and In collaboration with Beckman Institute for Advanced processing. Using the present acceleration scheme, a solid Science and Technology hydrogen pellet velocity in the range of 3.3 km/s has been This work focuses on extensive utilization of the CLCB demonstrated. technique developed by this research group for deposition Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based of films needed for the manufacture and development of Materials and Application to Electronic and Optical high-performance LDCs. In particular, the work makes use Devices by Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of the unique capabilities of the CLCB technique to K. Kim,* S. H. Rhee, C. W. Park produce high-quality films of controlled chemical Concorde Diversified, Inc. compositions and stoichiometries that are needed for various key LCD components, including metallic The objective of this work is to grow device-quality GaN- semiconducting and insulating films. These films are based films for fabrication of short-wavelength optical characterized and evaluated using the microanalysis devices and high-speed, high-power electronic devices. facilities at the University of Illinois. The growth technique used is the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy that employs an atomic nitrogen Development of Methods for Fabricating Uniform beam from an rf-discharge nitrogen plasma and a Ga source Micro- and Nanospheres and Capsules of beam. The growth system is one designed and fabricated Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials for at the University of Illinois, and the nitrogen plasma source Application to Biotechnology is uniquely capable of producing contamination-free K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Choy, C. Kyung, A. Simnick; plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of D. Pack, C. Berkland (Chem. Engr.); microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, R. Jamison (Mat. Sci. & Engr.); and TEM. K. Singletary (Food Sci. & Human Nutri.) [email protected] Dong Wha Pharmaceutical; Alkermes Advanced methods of fabricating uniform biodegradable and biocompatible micro- and nanospheres and multilayer
* Denotes principal investigator.
83 Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of GaN-based Investigation of Plasma-Material Interaction Using Nitride Semiconductors Using Plasma-assisted Transaugmented Electromagnetic Railgun Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Development of High- K. Kim* Speed, High-Power Heterostructure Electronic Devices U.S. Department of Energy K. Kim,* I. Adesida,* S. J. Hong, T. Day, C. W. Park Feasibility of employing a transaugmented ETRI Electronics, Inc. electromagnetic railgun as a testbed with which to study The dual objectives of this work are to grow and plasma-material interaction is investigated both characterize device-quality heterostructure GaN-based experimentally and theoretically. A variety of advanced films and use them to develop high-speed, high-power railgun configurations are considered that allow for electronic devices. The materials growth is achieved using separate control of the velocity, temperature, and density a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system designed of the free-traveling plasma-arc armature. The principal and fabricated at the University of Illinois. The plasma diagnostics used are laser interferometry, optical source is capable of producing contamination-free nitrogen spectroscopy, streak camera, and magnetic probes. A plasmas. The films are characterized using a variety of CAMAC system is used for data acquisition and microanalysis techniques including RHEED, XRD, SEM, processing. TEM, AFM, PL, CL, SIMS, and Hall measurement. Nanowire and Nanotube Interconnect Technology for Investigation of Methods for Controlled Fabrication of 3-D ICs Thin Films and Nanoparticles Using Charged Liquid K. Kim,* H. Choi,* A. Cangellaris,* M. G. Kang, Cluster Beams of Precursor Solutions S. Lim, N. McDonnell K. Kim,* H. Choi,* R. Singh, C. Kyung, T. Day, [email protected] N. McDonnell Synchrotron Radiation Center [email protected] To improve on-chip interconnect performance beyond the LG. Philips LCD 65 nm node, 3-D interconnects and nanotubes are A novel scheme utilizing flow-limited field-injection investigated, with the focus placed on better understanding electrostatic spraying (FFESS) of precursor solutions is of their material properties, their compatibility with investigated to develop methods of fabricating thin films semiconductor processing techniques, and the and nanoparticles of controlled size and morphology. The development of macroscopic models to facilitate unique aspects of the FFESS technique is its inherent quantification of their impact on performance capability to produce uniform, charged nanodrops of enhancement. The proposed research will be founded on controlled size, chemical composition, and stoichiometry, novel processes for the growth of both vertical nanowires allowing for fabrication of high-quality films and uniform and carbon nanotubes along with a cross-disciplinary nanoparticles. Specific applications include fabrication of expertise in the areas of nanotechnology, novel materials catalytic nanoparticles to facilitate development of synthesis, nanoscale chemical processing, and signal advanced displays and deposition of polymer films for integrity-driven electromagnetic interconnect modeling OLED development. and simulation. Investigation of Novel Approaches to Fabricating A Novel Method for Preparing Thin Films and Micro and Nanoscale Structures for Development of Nanoparticles by Using Charged Liquid Cluster Beams New Devices for Lighting, Display, and Power Storage of Liquid-Mix Precursors K. Kim,* H. Choi,* J. Gao,* M. G. Kang, S. Lim K. Kim,* H. Choi,* Y. Yang [email protected] University of Illinois APL Engineered Materials A novel scheme using field-injection electrohydrodynamic Charged liquid cluster beam technique, chemical vapor spraying of liquid-mix precursors is investigated for deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel processing, and other chemical development of a method for fabricating thin films of and physical techniques are utilized, either individually or metals, semiconductors, superconductors, and insulators. in combinations, to fabricate highly ordered micro and The same technique is also suitable for fabricating nano structures, such as nanowires, nanoparticles, and thin nanoparticles from a variety of liquid precursors. Unique films, of certain technologically important materials. The aspects of this new technique are that it is inherently target of this investigation is to develop novel device capable of producing a uniform, charged fine spray of concepts for lighting, display, and power storage. liquid precursors of controlled size, chemical composition,
* Denotes principal investigator.
84 and stoichiometry, and that the energy of the spray can be Nanoscale Interface Characterization by UHV STM controlled, allowing for fabrication of high-quality films Spectroscopy and uniform nanoparticles. J. W. Lyding,* L. Liu, J. Yu, J. Tolomei U.S. Office of Naval Research, N00014-00-1-0234 Design of Microparticles for Precision Drug Delivery D. Pack,* K. Kim,* H. Choi, C. Berkland, Y. Choy, Conducted in the Beckman Institute C. Kyung This research is focused on atomic scale dopant mapping [email protected] and the determination of the rms roughness and correlation National Institutes of Health lengths associated with oxide-silicon interfaces. The In Collaboration with Chemical and Biomolecular substitution of deuterium for hydrogen at oxide-silicon Engineering interfaces is also being studied. It has been determined with modern scaling trends that deuterium becomes The primary goal of this project is to investigate the effects increasingly effective at reducing hot carrier degradation of microparticle size and size distribution, and the shell in CMOS technology. thickness of microcapsules, on small molecule drug encapsulation and release. We have developed a novel Protein Logic method for fabrication of uniform polymer microspheres J. W. Lyding,* S. A. Boppart,* M. Gruebele, G. Timp; and microcapsules that allows precise control of the N. Aluru* (Gen. Engr.), P. Braun* (Mat. Sci. & Engr.), particle diameter and shell thickness. By controlling the J. Moore* (Chem.) particle size, we showed we could achieve zero-order National Science Foundation, NIRT release of model drugs and discovered several competing Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science mechanisms that can affect release rates. Four model drugs and Technology that span a range of sizes and water solubility will be investigated: piroxicam, ciprofloxacin, ganciclovir, and This program seeks to integrate functional protein arrays cyclosporin. with nanoscale CMOS on silicon. Natural and artificial ion channels are being utilized to interface between biology and silicon. Selective chemistry utilizing STM patterning Tunneling Microscopy is being used to fabricate the protein templates. Nanoelectronics: Low-Power, High-Performance Components and Circuits Journal Articles J. W. Lyding,* K. Hess,* J. Moore* (Chem.), R. Martin,* H. Choi* (Physics) U.S. Navy, ASUSG 98-152SG Advanced Automation
Conducted in the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science Brilakis, I., Soibelman, L., and Shinagawa, Y. Material- and Technology based construction site image retrieval. Journal of This is a Multidisciplinary Research Program of the Computing in Civil Engineering, 19:4, 341-355 (Oct. University Research Initiative (MURI) at the Beckman 2005). Institute with the goal of combining STM nanofabrication with atomistic simulations to develop novel nanoelectronic Komura, T., Nagano, A., Leung, H., and Shinagawa, Y. device structures on the atomic and molecular size scale. Simulating pathological gait using the enhanced linear Techniques are being developed to fabricate and test these inverted pendulum model. IEEE Transactions on structures in situ in the UHV STM. This program also Biomedical Engineering, 52:9, 1502-1513 (Sep. 2005). involves collaborations with Arizona State University, University of Notre Dame, and University of California at Murrieta-Cid, R., Tovar, B., and Hutchinson, S. A Berkeley, to explore new interconnect schemes for sampling-based motion planning approach to maintain nanoelectronics and to interface nanoelectronic devices visibility of unpredictable targets. Autonomous Robots, with conventional microelectronic circuits. 19:3, 285-300 (Dec. 2005).
* Denotes principal investigator.
85 Olson, E. A., Efremov, M. Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z., and Kim, S., Jang, J. H., and Adesida, I. Enhancement-mode Allen, L. H. Size-dependent melting of Bi nanoparticles In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP HEMT utilising Ir/Ti/ [art. no. 034304]. Journal of Applied Physics, 97:3, Pt/Au gate. Electronics Letters, 41:15, 871-872 (Jul. 21, 34304 (Feb. 1, 2005). 2005).
Wang, H. C., Wu, Q., Shi, L., Yu, Y. Z., and Ahuja, N. Kumar, V., Chen, G., Guo, S., Peres, B., Eliasevich, I., and Out-of-core tensor approximation of multi- Adesida, I. Field-plated 0.25 μm gate-length AlGaN/ dimensional matrices of visual data. ACM Transactions GaN HEMTs on 6H-SiC with power density of 9.1 W/ on Graphics, 24:3, 527-535 (Jul. 2005). mm at 18 GHz. Electronics Letters, 41:19, 1080-1081 (Sep. 15, 2005). Yamazaki, S., Ikeuchi, K., and Shinagawa, Y. Plausible image matching: Determining dense and smooth Lanford, W. B., Tanaka, T., Otoki, Y., and Adesida, I. mapping between images without a priori knowledge. Recessed-gate enhancement-mode GaNHEMT with International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial high threshold voltage. Electronics Letters, 41:7, Intelligence, 19:4, 565-583 (Jun. 2005). 449-450 (Mar. 31, 2005). Advanced Processing and Circuits Mohammed, F. M., Wang, L., and Adesida, I. Noninterfacial-nitride formation ohmic contact mechanism in Si-containing Ti/Al/Mo/Au Bae, J. W., Hossain, T., Adesida, I., Bogart, K. H., Koleske, metallizations on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures [art. D., Allerman, A. A., and Jang, J. H. Low resistance ohmic no. 262111]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:26, 62111 (Dec. contact to p-type GaN using Pd/Ir/Au multilayer 26, 2005). scheme. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 23:3, 1072-1075 (May-Jun. 2005). Mohammed, F. M., Wang, L., Selvanathan, D., Hu, H., and Adesida, I. Ohmic contact formation mechanism of Ta/ Fang, Z. Q., Look, D. C., Kim, D. H., and Adesida, I. Traps Al/Mo/Au and Ti/Al/Mo/Au metallizations on AlGaN/ in AlGaN/GaN/SiC heterostructures studied by deep GaN HEMTs. Journal of Vacuum Science and level transient spectroscopy [art. no. 182115]. Applied Technology B, 23:6, 2330-2335 (Nov.-Dec. 2005). Physics Letters, 87:18, 82115 (Oct. 31, 2005). Selvanathan, D., Mohammed, F. M., Bae, J. O., Adesida, Giannetta, R. W., Olheiser, T. A., Hannan, M., Adesida, I., I., and Bogart, K. H. Investigation of surface treatment and Melloch, M. R. Conductance quantization and zero schemes on n-type GaN and Al Ga N. Journal of bias peak in a gated quantum wire. Physica E: Low- 0.20 0.80 Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 27:1-2, Vacuum Science and Technology B, 23:6, 2538-2544 270-277 (Mar. 2005). (Nov.-Dec. 2005).
Kim, H. K., Bae, J. W., Adesida, I., Kim, T., Seong, T. Y., Wang, L., Mohammed, F. M., and Adesida, I. Dislocation- Kim, J. S., and Yoon, Y. S. Inductively coupled plasma induced nonuniform interfacial reactions of Ti/Al/Mo/ Au ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure reactive ion etching of ZrO2:H solid electrolyte film in [art. no. 141915]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:14, 41915 BCl -based plasmas. Journal of the Electrochemical 3 (Oct. 3, 2005). Society, 152:5, A922-A926 (2005). Wohlmuth, W. and Adesida, I. Properties of RF Kim, S., Adesida, I., and Hwang, H. Measurements of magnetron sputtered cadmium-tin-oxide and indium- thermally induced nanometer-scale diffusion depth of tin-oxide thin films. Thin Solid Films, 479:1-2, 223-231 Pt/Ti/Pt/Au gate metallization on InAlAs/InGaAs high- (May 23, 2005). electron-mobility transistors [art. no. 232102]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:23, 32102 (Dec. 5, 2005). Zhao, W. and Adesida, I. High temperature annealed Ge/ Ag/Ni ohmic contact for InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs. Kim, S., Cueva, G., and Adesida, I. Iridium Schottky Electronics Letters, 41:11, 664-665 (May 26, 2005). contact on In0.52Al0.48As. Electronics Letters, 41:11, 665-667 (May 26, 2005).
86 Zhao, W., Bae, J. W., Adesida, I., and Jang, J. H. Effect of Bigelow, T. A. and O'Brien, W. D. A model for estimating mask thickness on the nanoscale sidewall roughness ultrasound attenuation along the propagation path to and optical scattering losses of deep-etched InP/ the fetus from backscattered waveforms. Journal of the InGaAsP high mesa waveguides. Journal of Vacuum Acoustical Society of America, 118:2, 1210-1220 (Aug. Science and Technology B, 23:5, 2041-2045 (Sep.-Oct. 2005). 2005). Bigelow, T. A., Oelze, M. L., and O'Brien, W. D. Estimation of total attenuation and scatterer size from Aeronomy backscattered ultrasound waveforms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117:3, Part 1, 1431-1439 Hysell, D. L., Kudeki, E., and Chau, J. L. Possible (Mar. 2005). ionospheric preconditioning by shear flow leading to equatorial spread F. Annales Geophysicae: Atmospheres, Mamou, J., Oelze, M. L., O'Brien, W. D., and Zachary, J. Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 23:7, 2647-2655 F. Identifying ultrasonic scattering sites from three- (2005). dimensional impedance maps. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117:1, 413-423 (Jan. 2005). Radioti, A., Krupp, N., Woch, J., Lagg, A., Glassmeier, K. H., and Waldrop, L. S. Ion abundance ratios in the Jovian magnetosphere [art. no. A07225]. Journal of Circuits Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 110:A7, 7225 (Jul. 22, 2005). Chen, H. M., Huang, L. D., Liu, I. M., and Wong, M. D. Simultaneous power supply planning and noise Waldrop, L. S., Fritz, T. A., Kivelson, M. G., Khurana, K., avoidance in floorplan design. IEEE Transactions on Krupp, N., and Lagg, A. Jovian plasma sheet Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and morphology: Particle and field observations by the Systems, 24:4, 578-587 (Apr. 2005). Galileo spacecraft. Planetary and Space Science, 53:6, 681-692 (May 2005). Hyvonen, S., Joshi, S., and Rosenbaum, E. Comprehensive ESD protection for RF inputs. Microelectronics and Reliability, 45:2, 245-254 (Feb. Applied Computation Theory 2005).
Loui, M. C. Educational technologies and the teaching Jaussi, J. E., Balamurugan, G., Johnson, D. R., Casper, B., of ethics in science and engineering. Science and Martin, A., Kennedy, J., Shanbhag, N., and Mooney, R. 8- Engineering Ethics, 11:3, 435-446 (Jul. 2005). Gb/s source-synchronous I/O link with adaptive receiver equalization, offset cancellation, and clock de- Loui, M. C. Ethics and the development of professional skew. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 40:1, 80-88 identities of engineering students. Journal of (Jan. 2005). Engineering Education, 94:4, 383-390 (Oct. 2005). Joshi, S., Hyvonen, S., and Rosenbaum, E. High-Q Bioacoustics electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices for use at radio frequency (RF) and broad-band I/O pins. IEEE Bigelow, T. A. and O'Brien, W. D. Evaluation of the Transactions on Electron Devices, 52:7, 1484-1488 (Jul. spectral fit algorithm as functions of frequency range 2005). and Δkaeff. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 52:11, 2003-2010 Lee, S. J., Shanbhag, N. R., and Singer, A. C. Area- (Nov. 2005). efficient high-throughput MAP decoder architectures. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Bigelow, T. A. and O'Brien, W. D. Signal processing Systems, 13:8, 921-933 (Aug. 2005). strategies that improve performance and understanding of the quantitative ultrasound Lee, S. J., Shanbhag, N. R., and Singer, A. C. Energy SPECTRAL FIT algorithm. Journal of the Acoustical efficient VLSI architecture for linear turbo equalizer. Society of America, 118:3, Part 1, 1808-1819 (Sep. 2005). Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 39:1-2, 49-62 (Jan.- Feb. 2005).
87 Lee, S. J., Shanbhag, N. S., and Singer, A. C. A 285-MHz Gross, W. J., Kschischang, F. R., Koetter, R., and Gulak, pipelined MAP decoder in 0.18-μm CMOS. IEEE P. G. Towards a VLSI architecture for interpolation- Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 40:8, 1718-1725 (Aug. based soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoders. Journal of 2005). VLSI Signal Processing, 39:1-2, 93-111 (Jan.-Feb. 2005).
Lee, S. J., Singer, A. C., and Shanbhag, N. R. Linear turbo Hajek, B. and Seri, P. Lex-optimal online multiclass equalization analysis via BER transfer and EXIT scheduling with hard deadlines. Mathematics of charts. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 53:8, Operations Research, 30:3, 562-596 (Aug. 2005). Part 1, 2883-2897 (Aug. 2005). Ho, T., Medard, M., and Koetter, R. An information- Li, J. J., Li, H. M., Barnes, R., and Rosenbaum, E. theoretic view of network management. IEEE Comprehensive study of drain breakdown in Transactions on Information Theory, 51:4, 1295-1312 MOSFETs. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, (Apr. 2005). 52:6, 1180-1186 (Jun. 2005). Lakshmikantha, A., Beck, C. L., and Srikant, R. Mansour, M. M. and Shanbhag, N. R. A novel design Robustness of real and virtual queue-based active methodology for high-performance programmable queue management schemes. IEEE/ACM Transactions decoder cores for AA-LDPC codes. Journal of VLSI on Networking, 13:1, 81-93 (Feb. 2005). Signal Processing, 40:3, 371-382 (Jul. 2005). Liang, Y. B. and Veeravalli, V. V. Gaussian orthogonal Shanbhag, N. and Parhi, K. Special issue on signal relay channels: Optimal resource allocation and processing for broadband communications. Journal of capacity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, VLSI Signal Processing, 39:1-2, 5-6 (Jan.-Feb. 2005). 51:9, 3284-3289 (Sep. 2005).
Sridhara, S. R. and Shanbhag, N. R. Coding for system- Moulin, P. and Koetter, R. Data-hiding codes [review]. on-chip networks: A unified framework. IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE, 93:12, 2083-2126 (Dec. 2005). Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 13:6, 655-667 (Jun. 2005). Mui, M. L., Banerjee, K., and Mehrotra, A. Supply and power optimization in leakage-dominant technologies. Xiang, H., Tang, X. P., and Wong, M. D. An algorithm IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of for integrated pin assignment and buffer planning. Integrated Circuits and Systems, 24:9 SI, 1362-1371 (Sep. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic 2005). Systems, 10:3, 561-572 (Jul. 2005). Ratnakar, N. and Koetter, R. Exponential error bounds for algebraic soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon Communications codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51:11, 3899-3917 (Nov. 2005). Alvarez, J. and Hajek, B. A queue with semiperiodic traffic. Advances in Applied Probability, 37:1, 160-184 Sarwate, D. V. Comments on "Lower bounds on the (Mar. 2005). Hamming auto- and cross correlations of frequency- hopping sequences" by D. Peng and P. Fan. IEEE Appadwedula, S., Veeravalli, V. V., and Jones, D. L. Transactions on Information Theory, 51:4, 1615 (Apr. Energy-efficient detection in sensor networks. IEEE 2005). Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23:4, 693-702 (Apr. 2005). Sethuraman, V. and Hajek, B. Capacity per unit energy of fading channels with a peak constraint. IEEE Eryilmaz, A., Srikant, R., and Perkins, J. R. Stable Transactions on Information Theory, 51:9, 3102-3120 scheduling policies for fading wireless channels. IEEE/ (Sep. 2005). ACM Transactions on Networking, 13:2, 411-424 (Apr. 2005). Veeravalli, V. V., Liang, Y. B., and Sayeed, A. M. Correlated MIMO wireless channels: Capacity, optimal signaling, and asymptotics. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51:6, 2058-2072 (Jun. 2005).
88 Yan, Z., Sarwate, D. V., and Liu, Z. High-speed systolic Athanasopoulou, E. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Probabilistic architectures for finite field inversion. Integration, The approaches to fault detection in networked discrete VLSI Journal, 38:3, 383-398 (Jan. 2005). event systems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 16:5, 1042-1052 (Sep. 2005).
Computer Engineering Bamieh, B. and Voulgaris, P. G. A convex characterization of distributed control problems in Bhandarkar, S., Sadry, N. E., Reddy, A. L., and Vaidya, N. spatially invariant systems with communication H. TCP-DCR: A novel protocol for tolerating wireless constraints. Systems and Control Letters, 54:6, 575-583 channel errors. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, (Jun. 2005). 4:5, 517-529 (Sep.-Oct. 2005). Deb, S., Shakkottai, S., and Srikant, R. Asymptotic Biaz, S. and Vaidya, N. H. "De-randomizing" congestion behavior of Internet congestion controllers in a many- losses to improve TCP performance over wired- flows regime. Mathematics of Operations Research, wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on 30:2, 420-440 (May 2005). Networking, 13:3, 596-608 (Jun. 2005). Giridhar, A. and Kumar, P. R. Computing and Kyasanur, P. and Vaidya, N. H. Selfish MAC layer communicating functions over sensor networks. IEEE misbehavior in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23:4, Mobile Computing, 4:5, 502-516 (Sep.-Oct. 2005). 755-764 (Apr. 2005). Malpani, N., Chen, Y., Vaidya, N. H., and Welch, J. L. Hadjicostis, C. N. Aliasing probability calculations for Distributed token circulation in mobile ad hoc arbitrary compaction under independently selected networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 4:2, random test vectors. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 154-165 (Mar.-Apr. 2005). 54:12, 1614-1627 (Dec. 2005). Miller, M. J. and Vaidya, N. H. A MAC protocol to reduce Hadjicostis, C. N. Finite-state machine embeddings for sensor network energy consumption using a wakeup nonconcurrent error detection and identification. IEEE radio. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 4:3, Transactions on Automatic Control, 50:2, 142-153 (Feb. 228-242 (May-Jun. 2005). 2005). Vaidya, N. and Joseph, A. Guest editorial. Wireless Hadjicostis, C. N. Probabilistic detection of FSM single Network, Special Issue: Selected Papers from ACM state-transition faults based on state occupancy MobiCom 2003, 11:4, 361 (Jul. 2005). measurements. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50:12, 2078-2083 (Dec. 2005). Vaidya, N., Dugar, A., Gupta, S., and Bahl, P. Distributed fair scheduling in a wireless LAN. IEEE Transactions on Hadjicostis, C. N. and Verghese, G. C. Coding Mobile Computing, 4:6, 616-629 (Nov.-Dec. 2005). approaches to fault tolerance in linear dynamic systems. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Decision and Control 51:1, 210-228 (Jan. 2005).
Alpcan, T. and Basar, T. A globally stable adaptive Hespanha, J. P., Liberzon, D., Angeli, D., and Sontag, E. congestion control scheme for Internet-style networks D. Nonlinear norm-observability notions and stability with delay. IEEE/AMM Transactions on Networking, of switched systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic 13:6, 1261-1274 (Dec. 2005). Control, 50:2, 154-168 (Feb. 2005).
Alpcan, T., Basar, T., and Tempo, R. Randomized Huang, J. Y. and Meyn, S. P. Characterization and algorithms for stability and robustness analysis of high- computation of optimal distributions for channel speed communication networks. IEEE Transactions on coding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51:7, Neural Networks, 16:5, 1229-1241 (Sep. 2005). 2336-2351 (Jul. 2005).
89 Huang, K., Hong, W., and Ma, Y. Symmetry-based Vidal, R., Ma, Y., and Sastry, S. Generalized principal photo-editing. Pattern Recognition, 38:6, 825-834 (Jun. component analysis (GPCA). IEEE Transactions on 2005). Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27:12, 1945-1959 (Dec. 2005). Ishii, H. and Basar, T. Remote control of LTI systems over networks with state quantization. Systems and Vu, L. and Liberzon, D. Common Lyapunov functions Control Letters, 54:1, 15-31 (Jan. 2005). for families of commuting nonlinear systems. Systems and Control Letters, 54:5, 405-416 (May 2005). Ishii, H., Basar, T., and Tempo, R. Randomized algorithms for synthesis of switching rules for Wu, Y. Q. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Algebraic approaches multimodal systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic for fault identification in discrete-event systems. IEEE Control, 50:6, 754-767 (Jun. 2005). Transactions on Automatic Control, 50:12, 2048-2053 (Dec. 2005). Kawadia, V. and Kumar, P. R. Principles and protocols for power control in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Wu, Y. Q. and Hadjicostis, C. N. On solving composite Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23:1, power polynomial equations. Mathematics of 76-88 (Jan. 2005). Computation, 74:250, 853-868 (2005).
Liberzon, D. and Hespanha, J. P. Stabilization of Xie, L. L. and Kumar, P. R. An achievable rate for the nonlinear systems with limited information feedback. multiple-level relay channel. IEEE Transactions on IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50:6, 910-915 Information Theory, 51:4, 1348-1358 (Apr. 2005). (Jun. 2005). Xue, F., Xie, L. L., and Kumar, P. R. The transport Liu, S., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Exponential-RED: A capacity of wireless networks over fading channels. stabilizing AQM scheme for low- and high-speed TCP IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51:3, protocols. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 834-847 (Mar. 2005). 13:5, 1068-1081 (Oct. 2005). Yang, A. Y., Huang, K., Rao, S., Hong, W., and Ma, Y. Llorens, A. J., Hadjicostis, C. N., and Ni, H. C. Symmetry-based 3-D reconstruction from perspective Quantization of FIR filters under a total integer cost images. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, constraint. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: 99:2, 210-240 (Aug. 2005). Express Briefs, 52:9, 576-580 (Sep. 2005).
Meyn, S. Dynamic safety-stocks for asymptotic Digital Signal and Imaging Processing optimality in stochastic networks. Queueing Systems, Baron, D. and Bresler, Y. Antisequential suffix sorting 50:2-3, 255-297 (Jul. 2005). for BWT-based data compression. IEEE Transactions Meyn, S. P. Workload models for stochastic networks: on Computers, 54:4, 385-397 (Apr. 2005). Value functions and performance evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50:8, 1106-1122 Electromagnetic Communication and (Aug. 2005). Electronics Packaging Spong, M. W. and Bullo, F. Controlled symmetries and passive walking. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Gao, R., Mekonnen, Y. S., Beyene, W. T., and Schutt-Aine, Control, 50:7, 1025-1031 (Jul. 2005). J. E. Black-box modeling of passive systems by rational function approximation. IEEE Transactions on Sundaram, S. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Comments on Advanced Packaging, 28:2, 209-215 (May 2005). "Time-delayed state estimator for linear systems with unknown inputs". International Journal of Control Grabinski, H. and Schutt-Aine, J. E. Contributions from Automation and Systems, 3:4, 646-647 (Dec. 2005). the 8th Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects: Foreword. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 28:2, 150-151 (May 2005).
90 Davis, C. P. and Warnick, K. F. On the physical Electromagnetics interpretation of the Sobolev norm in error estimation. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, Botha, M. M. and Jin, J. M. Adaptive finite element- 20:2, 144-150 (Jul. 2005). boundary intergral analysis for electromagnetic fields in 3-D. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Hietpas, K., Ervin, B., Banasiak, J., Pointer, D., Kuchma, 53:5, 1710-1720 (May 2005). D. A., Reis, H., and Bernhard, J. T. Ultrasonics and electromagnetics for a wireless corrosion sensing Byun, J. K. and Jin, J. M. Finite-element analysis of system embedded in structural concrete. Smart scattering from a complex BOR using spherical infinite Structures and Systems, 1:3, 267-282 (Sep. 2005). elements. Electromagnetics, 25:4, 267-304 (May-Jun. 2005). Jiang, L. J. and Chew, W. C. A mixed-form fast multipole algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Chew, W. C., Hu, B., Pan, Y. C., and Jiang, L. J. Fast Propagation, 53:12, 4145-4156 (Dec. 2005). algorithms for layered media. Comptes Rendus Physique, 6:6, 604-617 (Jul.-Aug. 2005). Jiang, L. J., Chew, W. C., and Pan, Y. C. Capacitance extraction in the multilayer medium using DCIM and Chew, W. C., Jiang, L. J., Chu, Y. H., Wang, G. L., Chiang, SMFMA. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and I. T., Pan, Y. C., and Zhao, J. S. Toward a more robust Applications, 19:14, 1851-1864 (2005). and accurate CEM fast integral equation solver for IC applications. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, Jin, J. M. A highly robust and versatile finite element- 28:3, 449-464 (Aug. 2005). boundary integral hybrid code for scattering by BOR objects. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Chiang, I. T. and Chew, W. C. Fast real-time convolution 53:7, 2274-2281 (Jul. 2005). algorithm for microwave multiport networks with nonlinear terminations. IEEE Transactions on Circuits Liu, Y. A. and Chew, W. C. The unstructured support and Systems II: Express Briefs, 52:7, 370-375 (Jul. 2005). operator method and its application in waveguide problems. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Chiang, I. T. and Chew, W. C. New formulation and 46:5, 495-500 (Sep. 5, 2005). iterative solution for low-frequency volume integral equation. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Lou, Z. and Jin, J. M. Modeling and simulation of broad- Applications, 19:3, 289-306 (2005). band antennas using the time-domain finite element method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Chu, Y. H. and Chew, W. C. Large-scale computation for Propagation, 53:12, 4099-4110 (Dec. 2005). electrically small structures using surface-integral equation method. Microwave and Optical Technology Lou, Z. and Jin, J. M. An accurate waveguide port Letters, 47:6, 525-530 (Dec. 20, 2005). boundary condition for the time-domain finite element method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Chu, Y. H. and Chew, W. C. A robust surface-integral- Techniques, 53:9 (Special Issue), 3014-3023 (Sep. 2005). equation formulation for conductive media. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 46:2, 109-114 (Jul. 20, Nelson, J. K., Singer, A. C., Madhow, U., and McGahey, 2005). S. BAD: Bidirectional arbitrated decision-feedback equalization. IEEE Transactions on Communications, Correia, D. and Jin, H. M. A simple and efficient 53:2, 214-218 (Feb. 2005). implementation of CFS-PML in the FDTD analysis of periodic structures. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Ohnuki, S. and Chew, W. C. Error minimization of Components Letters, 15:7, 487-489 (Jul. 2005). multipole expansion. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 26:6, 2047-2065 (2005). Correia, D., and Jin, H. M. On the development of a higher-order PML. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Ohnuki, S., Chew, W. C., and Hinata, T. Monte Carlo Propagation, 53:12, 4157-4163 (Dec. 2005). simulation of 1-D rough surface scattering in 2-D space. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 19:8, 1085-1102 (2005).
91 Petersson, L. E. and Jin, J. M. A two-dimensional time- Chan, R., Feng, M., Holonyak, N., and Walter, G. domain finite element formulation for periodic Microwave operation and modulation of a transistor structures. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and laser [art. no. 131114]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:13, Propagation, 53:4, 1480-1488 (Apr. 2005). 31114 (Mar. 28, 2005).
Qian, Z. G., Cui, T. J., Lu, W. B., Yin, X. X., Hong, W., Feng, M., Holonyak, N., Walter, G., and Chan, R. Room and Chew, W. C. An improved MoM model for line-fed temperature continuous wave operation of a patch antennas and printed circuits. IEEE Transactions heterojunction bipolar transistor laser ]art. no. on Antennas and Propagation, 53:9, 2969-2976 (Sep. 131103]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:13, 31103 (Sep. 26, 2005). 2005).
Reis, H., Ervin, B. L., Kuchma, D. A., and Bernhard, J. T. Hafez, W. and Feng, M. Experimental demonstration of Estimation of corrosion damage in steel reinforced pseudomorphic heterojunction bipolar transistors with mortar using guided waves. Journal of Pressure Vessel cutoff frequencies above 600 GHz [art. no. 152101]. Technology: Transactions of the American Society of Applied Physics Letters, 86:15, 52101 (Apr. 11, 2005). Mechanical Engineers, 127:3, 255-261 (Aug. 2005). Hafez, W., Snodgrass, W., and Feng, M. 12.5 nm base Riley, D. J. and Jin, J. M. Modeling of magnetic loss in pseudomorphic heterojunction bipolar transistors the finite-element time-domain method. Microwave and achieving fT = 710 GHz and fMAX = 340 GHz [art. no. Optical Technology Letters, 46:2, 165-168 (Jul. 20, 2005). 252109]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:25, 52109 (Dec. 19, 2005). Rylander, T. and Jin, J. M. Perfectly matched layer in three dimensions for the time-domain finite element Kim, J., Kondratko, P. K., Chuang, S. L., Walter, G., method applied to radiation problems. IEEE Holonyak, N., Heller, R. D., Zhang, X. B., and Dupuis, R. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 53:4, D. Tunneling injection quantum-dot lasers with 1489-1499 (Apr. 2005). polarization-dependent photon-mediated carrier redistribution and gain narrowing. IEEE Journal of Velamparambil, S. and Chew, W. C. Analysis and Quantum Electronics, 41:11, 1369-1379 (Nov. 2005). performance of a distributed memory multilevel fast multipole algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Lin, G. R., Kuo, H. C., Lin, C. K., and Feng, M. Ultralow Propagation, 53:8 Part 2, 2719-2727 (Aug. 2005). leakage In0.53Ga0.47As p-i-n photodetector grown on linearly graded metamorphic InxGa1-xP buffered Xin, W., Botha, M. M., and Jin, J. M. An error estimator GaAs substrate. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, for the moment method in electromagnetic scattering. 41:6, 749-752 (Jun. 2005). Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 44:4, 320-326 (Feb. 20, 2005). Magnetic Resonance Yilmaz, A. E., Jin, J. M., and Michielssen, E. Parallel FFT accelerated transient field-circuit simulator. IEEE Haase, J., Kozlov, M. B., Webb, A. G., Buchner, B., Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53:9 Eschrig, H., Muller, K. H., and Siegel, H. 2 GHz 1H NMR (Special Issue), 2851-2865 (Sep. 2005). in pulsed magnets. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 27:3, 206-208 (May 2005). Zhang, S., Huff, G. H., Cung, G., and Bernhard, J. T. Three variations of a pattern-reconfigurable microstrip Haase, J., Kozlov, M., Muller, K. H., Siegel, H., Buchner, parasitic array. Microwave and Optical Technology B., Eschrig, H., and Webb, A. G. NMR in pulsed high Letters, 45:5, 369-372 (Jun. 5, 2005). magnetic fields at 1.3 GHz. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 290:Part 1 (Special Issue), 438-441 High Frequency Devices (Apr. 2005). Hernando, D., Crespi, V., and Cybenko, G. Efficient Caruth, D. C., Chu-Kung, B. F., and Feng, M. 10-GHz computation of the hidden Markov model entropy for power performance of a type II InP/GaAsSb DHBT. a given observation sequence. IEEE Transactions on IEEE Electron Device Letters, 26:9, 604-606 (Sep. 2005). Information Theory, 51:7, 2681-2685 (Jul. 2005).
92 Wang, H., Ciobanu, L., and Webb, A. Reduced data Marks, D. L., Ralston, T. S., and Boppart, S. A. Speckle acquisition time in multi-dimensional NMR reduction by I-divergence regularization in optical spectroscopy using multiple-coil probes. Journal of coherence tomography. Journal of the Optical Society of Magnetic Resonance, 173:1, 134-139 (Mar. 2005). America A: Optics and Image Science, 22:11, 2366-2371 (Oct. 2005). Webb, A. G. Nuclear magnetic resonance coupled microseparations [review]. Magnetic Resonance in Oldenburg, A. L., Gunther, J. R., and Boppart, S. A. Chemistry, 43:9, 688-696 (Sep. 2005). Imaging magnetically labeled cells with magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. Optics Letters, 30:7, Zhang, X. F. and Webb, A. G. Magnetic resonance 747-749 (Apr. 1, 2005). microimaging and numerical simulations of velocity fields inside enlarged flow cells used for coupled NMR Oldenburg, A. L., Toublan, F. J., Suslick, K. S., Wei, A., microseparations. Analytical Chemistry, 77:5, and Boppart, S. A. Magnetomotive contrast for in vivo 1338-1344 (Mar. 1, 2005). optical coherence tomography. Optics Express, 13:17, 6597-6614 (Aug. 22, 2005). Zhang, X. F., Toronov, V. Y., and Webb, A. G. Simultaneous integrated diffuse optical tomography Ralston, T. S., Marks, D. L., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the S. A. Deconvolution methods for mitigation of human brain. Optics Express, 13:14, 5513-5521 (Jul. 11, transverse blurring in optical coherence tomography. 2005). IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 14:9, 1254-1264 (Sep. 2005). Zhang, X. Z. and Webb, A. Design of a four-coil surface array for in vivo magnetic resonance microscopy at 600 Schoonover, R. W., Rutherford, J. M., Keller, O., and MHz. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Carney, P. S. Non-local constitutive relations and the Resonance Engineering, 24B:1, 6-14 (Feb. 2005). quasi-homogeneous approximation. Physics Letters A, 342:5-6, 363-367 (Jul. 25, 2005).
Optical Imaging Xi, C. W., Raskin, L., and Boppart, S. A. Evaluation of microfluidic biosensor development using microscopic Boppart, S. A., Oldenburg, A. L., Xu, C. Y., and Marks, D. analysis of molecular beacon hybridization kinetics. L. Optical probes and techniques for molecular Biomedical Microdevices, 7:1, 7-12 (Mar. 2005). contrast enhancement in coherence imaging [review] [art. no. 041208]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 10:4, Xu, C. Y., Carney, P. S., and Boppart, S. A. Wavelength- 41208 (Jul.-Aug. 2005). dependent scattering in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Optics Express, 13:14, Bredfeldt, J. S., Vinegoni, C., Marks, D. L., and Boppart, 5450-5462 (Jul. 11, 2005). S. A. Molecularly sensitive optical coherence tomography. Optics Letters, 30:5, 495-497 (Mar. 1, Xu, C. Y., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, S. A. 2005). Comparative performance analysis of time-frequency distributions for spectroscopic optical coherence Lytle, D. R., Carney, P. S., Schotland, J. C., and Wolf, E. tomography. Applied Optics, 44:10, 1813-1822 (Apr. 1, Generalized optical theorem for reflection, 2005). transmission, and extinction of power for electromagnetic fields [art. no. 056610]. Physical Review Zysk, A. M., Carney, P. S., and Schotland, J. C. Eikonal E: Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related method for calculation of coherence functions [art. no. Interdisciplinary Topics, 7105:5 Part 2, 6610 (May 2005). 043904]. Physical Review Letters, 9504:4, 3904 (Jul. 22, 2005). Marks, D. and Carney, P. S. Near-field diffractive elements. Optics Letters, 30:14, 1870-1872 (Jul. 15, 2005).
93 Ostrom, N. P. and Eden, J. G. Visible emission contours Optical Physics and Engineering for neon plasmas in silicon microcavity discharge devices: Pressure dependence of spatially resolved Becker, K. H., Eden, J. G., and Schoenbach, K. H. fluorescence above the anode plane. IEEE Transactions Editorial. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (Cluster on Plasma Science, 33:2, Part 1, 576-577 (Apr. 2005). Issue on Microplasmas), 38:11, NIL-3–NIL-4 (Jun. 7, 2005). Park, S. J. and Eden, J. G. Microdischarge devices with a nanoporous Al O dielectric: Operation in Ne and air. Carroll, D. L., Verdeyen, J. T., King, D. M., Zimmerman, 2 3 IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 33:2, Part 1, J. W., Laystrom, J. K., Woodard, B. S., Benavides, G. F., 572-573 (Apr. 2005). Kittell, K., Stafford, D. S., Kushner, M. J., and Solomon, W. C. Continuous-wave laser oscillation on the 1315 nm Park, S. J. and Eden, J. G. Stable microplasmas in air 1 transition of atomic iodine pumped by O2(a Δ) generated with a silicon inverted pyramid plasma produced in an electric discharge [art. no. 111104]. cathode. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 33:2, Applied Physics Letters, 86:11, 11104 (Mar. 14, 2005). Part 1, 570-571 (Apr. 2005).
Cho, J. H., Lee, K. W., Park, S. J., and Eden, J. G. Coplanar Park, S. J., Chen, K. F., Ostrom, N. P., and Eden, J. G. AC discharges between cylindrical electrodes with a Arrays of AC-excited, silicon microdischarge devices as nanoporous alumina dielectric: Modular dielectric large as 40,000 (200 x 200) pixels: Electrical and optical barrier plasma devices. IEEE Transactions on Plasma characteristics for operation in neon. Electronics Science, 33:2, Part 1, 378-379 (Apr. 2005). Letters, 41:6, 311-312 (Mar. 17, 2005).
Eden, J. G. and Park, S. J. Microcavity plasma devices Park, S. J., Chen, K. F., Sung, S. H., Wagner, C. J., and and arrays: A new realm of plasma physics and Eden, J. G. Implications of microcavity plasma devices photonic applications. Plasma Physics and Controlled for new plasma-display-panel cell structures with Fusion, 47:12B (Special Issue), B83-B92 (Dec. 2005). improved luminosity. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 13:11, 949-954 (Nov. 2005). Eden, J. G., Park, S. J., Ostrom, N. P., and Chen, K. F. Recent advances in microcavity plasma devices and Park, S. J., Kim, K. S., and Eden, J. G. Nanoporous arrays: A versatile photonic platform. Journal of alumina as a dielectric for microcavity plasma devices: Physics D: Applied Physics, 38:11, 1644-1648 (Jun. 7, Multilayer Al/Al2O3 structures [art. no. 221501]. 2005). Applied Physics Letters, 86:22, 21501 (May 30, 2005).
Kim, S. O. and Eden, J. G. Arrays of microplasma Park, S. J., Lee, H. S., Cho, J. H., and Lee, K. W. devices fabricated in photodefinable glass and excited Nanoporous anodic alumina film on glass: Improving AC or DC by interdigitated electrodes. IEEE Photonics transparency by an ion-drift process. Electrochemical Technology Letters, 17:7, 1543-1545 (Jul. 2005). and Solid-State Letters, 8:3, D5-D7 (2005).
Kim, S. O. and Eden, J. G. Arrays of square cross-section Sankaran, A. and Kushner, M. J. Etching of porous and microdischarge devices fabricated in glass and driven solid SiO in Ar/c-C F , O /c-C F and Ar/O /c-C F by interdigitated electrodes. IEEE Transactions on 2 4 8 2 4 8 2 4 8 plasmas [art. no. 023307]. Journal of Applied Physics, Plasma Science, 33:2, Part 1, 566-567 (Apr. 2005). 97:2, 23307 (Jan. 15, 2005). Ostrom, N. P. and Eden, J. G. Microcavity plasma Vyas, V. and Kushner, M. J. Effect of ion streaming on photodetectors: Photosensitivity, dynamic range, and particle-particle interactions in a dusty plasma [art. no. the plasma-semiconductor interface [art. no. 141101]. 043303[. Journal of Applied Physics, 97:4, 43303 (Feb. 15, Applied Physics Letters, 87:14, 41101 (Oct. 3, 2005). 2005). Ostrom, N. P. and Eden, J. G. Visible and near-ultraviolet Wagner, C. J. and Eden, J. G. Xenon microdischarge at emission characteristics of Ne, Ar, and Ar/N2 excited in 3 + − silicon microcavity discharge arrays. IEEE Transactions 300-800 torr: Laser spectroscopy of Xe2 a Σ u (1u 0u ). on Plasma Science, 33:2, Part 1, 578-579 (Apr. 2005). IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 33:2 Part 1, 568-569 (Apr 2005).
94 Zhu, C.-J., Senin, A. A., Lu, Z. H., Gao, J., Xiao, Y., and Kim, T., Danner, A. J., and Choquette, K. D. Eden, J. G. Polarization of signal wave radiation Enhancement in external quantum efficiency of blue generated by parametric four-wave mixing in light-emitting diode by photonic crystal surface rubidium vapor: Ultrafast (~150-fs) and nanosecond grating. Electronics Letters, 41:20, 1138-1139 (Sep. 29, time scale excitation [art. no. 023811]. Physical Review 2005). A, 7202:2, 3811 (Aug. 2005). Kim, Y. K., Danner, A. J., Raftery, J. J., and Choquette, K. Zuev, V. S., Frantsesson, A. V., Gao, J., and Eden, J. G. D. Focused ion beam nanopatterning for optoelectronic Enhancement of Raman scattering for an atom or device fabrication. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in molecule near a metal nanocylinder: Quantum theory Quantum Electronics, 11:6, 1292-1298 (Nov.-Dec. 2005). of spontaneous emission and coupling to surface plasmon modes [art. no. 214726]. Journal of Chemical Kondratko, P. K., Chuang, S. L., Walter, G., Holonyak, N., Physics, 122:21, 14726 (Jun. 1, 2005). Heller, R. D., Zhang, X. B., and Dupuis, R. D. Gain narrowing and output behavior of InP-InGaAlP tunneling injection quantum-dot-well laser. IEEE Optoelectronics Photonics Technology Letters, 17:5, 938-940 (May 2005).
Chang, S. W. and Chuang, S. L. Slow light based on Kordratko, P. K., Leven, A., Chen, Y. K., Lin, J., Koc, U. population oscillation in quantum dots with V., Tu, K. Y., and Lee, J. 12.5-GHz optically sampled inhomogeneous broadening [art. no. 235330]. Physical interference-based photonic arbitrary waveform Review B, 7223:23, 5330 (Dec. 2005). generator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17:12, 2727-2729 (Dec. 2005). Chang, S. W. and Chuang, S. L. Strain-induced enhancement of spin relaxation times in [110] and [111] Lehman, A. C. and Choquette, K. D. Threshold gain grown quantum wells [art. no. 115429]. Physical Review temperature dependence of composite resonator B, 7211:11, 5429 (Sep. 2005). vertical-cavity lasers. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11:5, 962-967 (Sep-.Oct. 2005). Danner, A. J., Raftery, J. J., Kim, T., Leisher, P. O., Giannopoulos, A. V., and Choquette, K. D. Progress in Leisher, P. O., Danner, A. J., Raftery, J. J., and Choquette, photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers. IEICE K. D. Proton implanted singlemode holey vertical- Transactions on Electronics, E88C:5, 944-950 (May cavity surface-emitting lasers. Electronics Letters, 2005). 41:18, 1010-1011 (Sep. 1, 2005).
Danner, A. L., Kim, T. S., and Choquette, K. D. Single Li, J. V., Chuang, S. L., Sulima, O. V., and Cox, J. A. fundamental mode photonic crystal vertical cavity Passivation of AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb/GaSb laser with improved output power. Electronics Letters, photodiodes using aqueous (NH4)2S solution and 41:6, 325-326 (Mar. 17, 2005). polyimide encapsulation [art. no. 104506]. Journal of Applied Physics, 97:10, Part 1, 4506 (May 15, 2005). Fisher, M. R. and Chuang, S. L. Variable group delay and pulse reshaping of high bandwidth optical signals. IEEE Li, J. V., Yang, R. Q., Hill, C. J., and Chuang, S. L. Journal of Quantum Electronics, 41:6, 885-891 (Jun. Interband cascade detectors with room temperature 2005). photovoltaic operation [art. no. 101102]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:10, 1102 (Mar. 7, 2005). Fisher, M. R., Minin, S., and Chuang, S. L. Tunable optical group delay in an active waveguide Liu, Y., Ng, W. C., Choquette, K. D., and Hess, K. semiconductor resonator. IEEE Journal of Selected Numerical investigation of self-heating effects of oxide- Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11:1, 197-203 (Jan.-Feb. confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. IEEE 2005). Journal of Quantum Electronics, 41:1, 15-25 (Jan. 2005). Grasso, D. M. and Choquette, K. D. Temperature- dependent polarization characteristics of composite- resonator vertical-cavity lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 41:2, 127-131 (Feb. 2005).
95 Palinginis, P., Crankshaw, S., Sedgwick, F., Kim, E. T., Owens, J. D. and Chapman, P. L. Automatic generation Moewe, M., Chang-Hasnain, C. J., Wang, H. L., and of accurate low-order models for magnetic devices. Chuang, S. L. Ultraslow light (< 200 m/s) propagation IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20:4, 732-742 in a semiconductor nanostructure [art. no. 171102]. (Jul. 2005). Applied Physics Letters, 87:17, 71102 (Oct. 24, 2005). Tate, J. E. and Overbye, T. J. A comparison of the optimal Raftery, J. J., Danner, A. J., Lee, J. C., and Choquette, K. multiplier in polar and rectangular coordinates. IEEE D. Coherent coupling of two-dimensional arrays of Transactions on Power Systems, 20:4, 1667-1674 (Nov. defect cavities in photonic crystal vertical cavity 2005). surface-emitting lasers [art. no. 201104]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:20, 1104 (May 16, 2005). Triki, C., Beraldi, P., and Gross, G. Optimal capacity allocation in multi-auction electricity markets under uncertainty. Computers and Operations Research, 32:2, Power and Energy Systems 201-217 (Feb. 2005).
Amrhein, M. and Krein, P. T. Dynamic simulation for Wells, J. R., Nee, B. M., Chapman, P. L., and Krein, P. T. analysis of hybrid electric vehicle system and Selective harmonic control: A general problem subsystem interactions, including power electronics. formulation and selected solutions. IEEE Transactions IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 54:3, on Power Electronics, 20:6, 1337-1345 (Nov. 2005). 825-836 (May 2005). Wiegmann, D. A., Essenberg, G. R., Overbye, T. J., and Balog, R. S., Sorchini, Z., Kimball, J. W., Chapman, P. L., Sun, Y. Human factor aspects of power system flow and Krein, P. T. Modern laboratory-based education for animation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20:3, power electronics and electric machines. IEEE 1233-1240 (Aug. 2005). Transactions on Power Systems, 20:2, 538-547 (May 2005). Wu, A. P. and Chapman, P. L. Simple expressions for optimal current waveforms for permanent-magnet Benavides, N. D. and Chapman, P. L. Power budgeting of synchronous machine drives. IEEE Transactions on a multiple-input buck-boost converter. IEEE Energy Conversion, 20:1, 151-157 (Mar. 2005). Transactions on Power Electronics, 20:6, 1303-1309 (Nov. 2005). Reliable and High-Performance Chaniotis, D. and Pai, M. A. Model reduction in power systems using Krylov subspace methods. IEEE Computing Transactions on Power Systems, 20:2, 888-894 (May Das Kanungo, P., Imre, A., Bin, W., Orlov, A., Snider, G., 2005). Porod, W., and Carter, N. P. Gated hybrid Hall effect Cheng, X. and Overbye, T. J. PTDF-based power system device on silicon. Microelectronics Journal, 36:3-6, equivalents. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20:4, 294-297 (Mar.-Jun. 2005). 1868-1876 (Nov. 2005). Hwu, W. M., and Palem, K. V. Tribute to B. Grijalva, S. and Sauer, P. W. A necessary condition for Ramakrishna (Bob) Rau—Guest editors' introduction. power flow Jacobian singularity based on branch IEEE Transactions on Computers, 54:10, 1185-1187 (Oct. complex flows. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and 2005). Systems, Part I: Regular Papers, 52:7, 1406-1413 (Jul. Iyer, R. K., Nakka, N. M., Kalbarczyk, Z. T., and Mitra, S. 2005). Recent advances and new avenues in hardware-level Musunuri, S., Chapman, P. L., Zou, J., and Liu, C. Design reliability support. IEEE Micro, 25:6, 18-29 (Nov-.Dec. issues for monolithic DC-DC converters. IEEE 2005). Transactions on Power Electronics, 20:3, 639-649 (May Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R. K., and Wang, L. Application 2005). fault tolerance with ARMOR middleware. IEEE Internet Computing, 9:2, 28-37 (Mar.-Apr. 2005).
96 Liu, J., Yuan, Y. G., Nicol, D. M., Gray, R. S., Newport, Diettrich, J. C., Nott, G. J., Espy, P. J., Swenson, G. R., C. C., Kotz, D., and Perrone, L. F. Empirical validation Chu, X., Taylor, M. J., Riggin, D. M., and Fritts, D. C. of wireless models in simulations of ad hoc routing High frequency atmospheric gravity-wave properties protocols. Simulation, 81:4, 307-323 (Apr. 2005). using Fe-lidar and OH-imager observations [art. no. L09801]. Geophysical Research Letters, 32:9, 9801 (May Mitra, S., Mitzenmacher, M., Lumetta, S. S., and Patil, N. 5, 2005). X-tolerant test response compaction. IEEE Design and Test of Computers, 22:6, 566-574 (Nov.-Dec. 2005). Dragic, P. D. Suppression of first order stimulated Raman scattering in erbium-doped fiber laser based Nicol, D. M. Modeling and simulation in security LIDAR transmitters through induced bending loss. evaluation. IEEE Security and Privacy, 3:5, 71-74 (Sep.- Optics Communications, 250:4-6, 403-410 (Jun. 15, 2005). Oct. 2005). Franke, S. J., Chu, X., Liu, A. Z., and Hocking, W. K. Saggese, G. P., Wang, N. J., Kalbarczyk, Z. T., Patel, S. J., Comparison of meteor radar and Na Doppler lidar and Iyer, R. K. An experimental study of soft errors in measurements of winds in the mesopause region above microprocessors. IEEE Micro, 25:6, 30-39 (Nov.-Dec. Maui, Hawaii [art. no. D09S02]. Journal of Geophysical 2005). Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S902 (Jan. 29, 2005).
Su, X. and Wah, B. W. Loss aware rate allocations in H. Frazin, R. A. and Kamalabadi, F. On the use of total 263 coded video transmissions. Journal of Circuits, brightness measurements for tomography of the solar Systems, and Computers, 14:6, 1157-1171 (Dec. 2005). corona. Astrophysical Journal, 628:2, Part 1, 1061-1069 (Aug. 1, 2005). Wah, B. W. and Lin, D. LSP-based multiple-description coding for real-time low bit-rate voiceover IP. IEEE Frazin, R. A. and Kamalabadi, F. Rotational tomography Transactions on Multimedia, 7:1, 167-178 (Feb. 2005). for 3D reconstruction of the white-light and EUV corona in the post-SOHO era [review]. Solar Physics, Zhao, M. Y., Smith, S. W., and Nicol, D. M. The 228:1-2, 219-237 (May 2005). performance impact of BGP security. IEEE Network, 19:6, 42-48 (Nov.-Dec. 2005). Frazin, R. A., Butala, M. D., Kemball, A., and Kamalabadi, F. Time-dependent reconstruction of nonstationary Remote Sensing objects with tomographic or interferometric measurements. Astrophysical Journal, 635:2, Part 2, L197-L200 (Dec. 20, 2005). Basu, S., Makela, J. J., Sheehan, R. E., MacKenzie, E., Doherty, P., Wright, J. W., Keskinen, M. J., Pallamraju, Frazin, R. A., Kamalabadi, F., and Weber, M. A. On the D., Paxton, L. J., and Berkey, F. T. Two components of combination of differential emission measure analysis ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes and rotational tomography for three-dimensional solar observed during the large magnetic storm of October EUV imaging. Astrophysical Journal, 628:2, Part 1, 30, 2003 [art. no. L12S06]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1070-1080 (Aug. 1, 2005). 32:12, S1206 (Apr. 29, 2005). Ledvina, B. M. and Makela, J. J. First observations of Butala, M. D., Frazin, R. A., and Kamalabadi, F. Three- SBAS/WAAS scintillations: Using collocated dimensional estimates of the coronal electron density at scintillation measurements and all-sky images to study times of extreme solar activity [art. no. A09S09]. equatorial plasma bubbles [art. no. L14101]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Geophysical Research Letters, 32:14, 14101 (Jul. 16, 110:A9, S909 (Sep. 30, 2005). 2005). Chu, X. Z., Gardner, C. S., and Franke, S. J. Nocturnal Li, F., Liu, A. Z., and Swenson, G. R. Characteristics of thermal structure of the mesosphere and lower instabilities in the mesopause region over Maui, Hawaii thermosphere region at Maui, Hawaii (20.7 degrees N), [art. no. D09S12]. Journal of Geophysical Research: and Starfire Optical Range, New Mexico (35 degrees N) Atmospheres, 110:D9, S912 (Feb. 1, 2005). [art. no. D09S03]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S903 (Jan. 29, 2005).
97 Li, F., Liu, A. Z., Swenson, G. R., Hecht, J. H., and Waldrop, L. S., Kerr, R. B., Gonzalez, S. A., Sulzer, M. P., Robinson, W. A. Observations of gravity wave Noto, J., and Kamalabadi, F. Generation of metastable breakdown into ripples associated with dynamical helium and the 1083 nm emission in the upper instabilities [art. no. D09S11]. Journal of Geophysical thermosphere [art. no. A08304]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S911 (Mar. 30, 2005). Research: Space Physics, 110:A8, 8304 (Aug. 11, 2005).
Liu, A. Z. and Gardner, C. S. Vertical heat and constituent transport in the mesopause region by Semiconductor Lasers dissipating gravity waves at Maui, Hawaii (20.7 degrees Elarde, V. C., Bryce, A. C., and Coleman, J. J. High N), and Starfire Optical Range, New Mexico (35 performance laser with nanopatterned active layer by degrees N) [art. no. D09S13]. Journal of Geophysical selective area epitaxy. Electronics Letters, 41:20, Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S913 (Jan. 29, 2005). 1122-1124 (Sep. 29, 2005). Pautet, P. D., Taylor, M. J., Liu, A. Z., and Swenson, G. R. Elarde, V. C., Rangarajan, R., Borchardt, J. J., and Climatology of short-period gravity waves observed Coleman, J. J. Room-temperature operation of over northern Australia during the Darwin Area Wave patterned quantum-dot lasers fabricated by electron Experiment (DAWEX) and their dominant source beam lithography and selective area metal-organic regions [art. no. D03S90]. Journal of Geophysical chemical vapor deposition. IEEE Photonics Technology Research: Atmospheres, 110:D3, S390 (Feb. 11, 2005). Letters, 17:5, 935-937 (May 2005). Semeter, J. and Kamalabadi, F. Determination of primary electron spectra from incoherent scatter radar Semiconductor Physics measurements of the auroral E region [art. no. RS2006]. Radio Science, 40:2, S2006 (Apr. 15. 2005). de Sousa, J. S., Leburton, J. P., Freire, V. N., and da Silva, E. F. Intraband absorption and Stark effect in silicon Swenson, G. R. Preface to special section on nanocrystals [art. no. 155438]. Physical Review B, mesospheric dynamic and thermodynamic studies [art. 7215:15, 5438 (Oct. 2005). no. D09S01]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S901 (Apr. 21, 2005). de Sousa, J. S., Leburton, J. P., Freire, V. N., and da Silva, E. F. Intraband absorption in silicon nanocrystals: The Tang, J., Franke, S. J., Kamalabadi, F., and Swenson, G. combined effect of shape and crystal orientation [art. R. Motion extraction of atmospheric waves from no. 031913]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:3, 31913 (Jul. 18, spectroscopic imaging. IEEE Geoscience and Remote 2005). Sensing Letters, 2:2, 229-232 (Apr. 2005). Godoy, A., Yang, Z. C., Ravaioli, U., and Gamiz, F. Tang, J., Kamalabadi, F., Franke, S. J., Liu, A. Z., and Effects of nonparabolic bands in quantum wires [art. Swenson, G. R. Estimation of gravity wave momentum no. 013702]. Journal of Applied Physics, 98:1, 13702 (Jul. flux with spectroscopic imaging. IEEE Transactions on 1, 2005). Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 43:1, 103-109 (Jan. 2005). Hess, K. and Philipp, W. The Bell theorem as a special case of a theorem of Bass. Foundations of Physics, Tang, J., Swenson, G. R., Liu, A. Z., and Kamalabadi, F. 35:10, 1749-1767 (Oct. 2005). Observational investigations of gravity wave momentum flux with spectroscopic imaging [art. no. Kuroda, M. A., Cangellaris, A., and Leburton, J. P. D09S09]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Nonlinear transport and heat dissipation in metallic 110:D9, S909 (Mar. 15, 2005). carbon nanotubes [art. no. 266803]. Physical Review Letters, 9526:26, 6803 (Dec. 31, 2005). Taori, A., Taylor, M. J., and Franke, S. Terdiurnal wave signatures in the upper mesospheric temperature and their association with the wind fields at low latitudes (20 degrees N) [art. no. D09S06]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 110:D9, S906 (Mar. 26, 2005).
98 Lu, M., Melnikov, D. V., Chung, I. J., and Leburton, J. P. Lee, B. S., Abelson, J. R., Bishop, S. G., Kang, D. H., Three-dimensional self-consistent simulation of single- Cheong, B. K., and Kim, K. B. Investigation of the optical qubit operation by modulation of the hyperfine and electronic properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change interaction in phosphors-doped metal-oxide- material in its amorphous, cubic, and hexagonal phases semiconductor structure [art. no. 093704]. Journal of [art. no. 093509]. Journal of Applied Physics, 97:9, Applied Physics, 98:9, 93704 (Nov. 1, 2005). 93509 (May 1, 2005).
Melnikov, D. V., Kim, J., Zhang, L. X., and Leburton, J. Meneou, K., Cheng, K. Y., Zhang, Z. H., Tsai, C. L., Xu, P. Three-dimensional self-consistent modelling of spin- C. F., and Hsieh, K. C. Site-controlled InAs quantum qubit quantum dot devices. IEE Proceedings: Circuits, dots regrown on nonlithographically patterned GaAs Devices and Systems, 152:4, 377-384 (Aug. 2005). [art. no. 153114]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:15, 53114 (Apr. 11, 2005). Melnikov, D. V., Matagne, P., Leburton, J. P., Austing, D. G., Yu, G., Tarucha, S., Fettig, J., and Sobh, N. Spin Meneou, K., Tsai, C. L., Zhang, Z. H., and Cheng, K. Y. configurations in circular and rectangular vertical Site-controlled InAs quantum dots on GaAs patterned quantum dots in a magnetic field: Three-dimensional using self-organized nano-channel alumina template. self-consistent simulations [art. no. 085331]. Physical Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 23:3, Review B, 7208:8, 5331 (Aug. 2005). 1232-1235 (May-Jun. 2005).
Park, K., Moon, P., Ahn, E., Hong, S., Yoon, E., Yoon, J. Nittala, L. N., Jayaraman, S., Sperling, B. A., and Abelson, W., Cheong, H., and Leburton, J. P. Effects of thin GaAs J. R. Hydrogen-induced modification of the medium- insertion layer on InAs/(InGaAs)/InP(001) quantum range structural order in amorphous silicon films [art. dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition no. 241915]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:24, 41915 (Dec. [art. no. 223110]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:22, 23110 12, 2005). (May 30, 2005). Qian, G. F., Chang, Y. C., and Tucker, J. R. Theoretical van der Straaten, T. A., Kathawala, G., Trellakis, A., study of phosphorous delta-doped silicon for quantum Eisenberg, R. S., and Ravaioli, U. BioMOCA—A computing [art. no. 045309]. Physical Review B, Boltzmann transport Monte Carlo model for ion 7104:4, 5309 (Jan. 2005). channel simulation. Molecular Simulation, 31:2-3, 151-171 (Feb. 15, 2005). Ramachandran, S. and Bishop, S. G. Photoinduced integrated-optic devices in rapid thermally annealed Semiconductors chalcogenide glasses. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 11:1, 260-270 (Jan.-Feb. 2005). Fang, A., Chang, Y. C., and Tucker, J. R. Simulation of Ryu, K. S., Wang, X. F., Shaikh, K., Bullen, D., Goluch, Si:P spin-based quantum computer architecture [art. E., Zou, J., Liu, C., and Mirkin, C. A. Publisher's note: no. 075355]. Physical Review B, 7207:7, 5355 (Aug. Integrated microfluidic inking chip for scanning probe 2005). nanolithography (vol, 85, pg. 136, 2004) [art. no. 189901]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:18, 89901 (May 2, Jeon, S., Malyarchuk, V., White, J. O., and Rogers, J. A. 2005). Optically fabricated three dimensional nanofluidic mixers for microfluidic devices. Nano Letters, 5:7, Sun, Y. G., Kim, S., Adesida, I., and Rogers, J. A. 1351-1356 (Jul. 2005). Bendable GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors formed with printed GaAs wire arrays on Kim, J. C., Kline, J. S., and Tucker, J. R. Fabrication of plastic substrates [art. no. 083501]. Applied Physics contact electrodes in Si for nanoelectronic devices using Letters, 87:8, 83501 (Aug. 22, 2005). ion implantation. Applied Surface Science, 239:3-4, 335-341 (Jan. 31, 2005). Wang, X. F. and Liu, C. Multifunctional probe array for nano patterning and imaging. Nano Letters, 5:10, 1867-1872 (Oct. 2005).
99 Wang, Y. H., Wu, M. C., Lin, C. J., Chu, W. T., Lin, Y. T., Choi, J. Y., Hasegawa-Johnson, M., and Cole, J. Finding Wang, C. S., and Cheng, K. Y. An analytical intonational boundaries using acoustic cues related to programming model for the drain-coupling source-side the voice source. Journal of the Acoustical Society of injection split gate flash EEPROM. IEEE Transactions America, 118:4, 2579-2587 (Oct. 2005). on Electron Devices, 52:3, 385-391 (Mar. 2005). Do, M. N. and Vetterli, M. The contourlet transform: An Wu, B. R., Xu, C. F., Chang, K. L., Hsieh, K. C., and efficient directional multiresolution image Cheng, K. Y. Growth optimization of GaAsSb lattice representation. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, matched to InP by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy. 14:12, 2091-2106 (Dec. 2005). Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 23:4, 1641-1644 (Jul.-Aug. 2005). Hasegawa-Johnson, M., Chen, K., Cole, J., Borys, S., Kim, S. S., Cohen, A., Zhang, T., Choi, J. Y., Kim, H., Yoon, T., Zhang, X. B., Ryou, J. H., Dupuis, R. D., Walter, G., and and Chavarria, S. Simultaneous recognition of words Holonyak, N. Interface alloy mixing effect in the growth and prosody in the Boston University Radio Speech of self-assembled InP quantum dots on InAlGaP Corpus. Speech Communication, 46:3-4, 418-439 (Jul. matrices by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition 2005). [art. no. 063501]. Journal of Applied Physics, 98:6, 63501 (Sep. 15, 2005). Ishwar, P. and Moulin, P. On the existence and characterization of the maxent distribution under Zhang, X. B., Ryou, J. H., Dupuis, R. D., Walter, G., and general moment inequality constraints. IEEE Holonyak, N. Temperature-dependent luminescence of Transactions on Information Theory, 51:9, 3322-3333 InP quantum dots coupled with an InGaP quantum (Sep. 2005). well and of InP quantum dots in a quantum well [art. no. 201110]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:20, 1110 (Nov. Kim, S. H., Engel, J., Liu, C., and Jones, D. L. Texture 14, 2005). classification using a polymer-based MEMS tactile sensor. Journal of Micromechanics and Zhang, X. B., Ryou, J. H., Dupuis, R. D., Walter, G., and Microengineering, 15:5, 912-920 (May 2005). Holonyak, N. Tuning the morphology of InP self- assembled quantum structures grown on InAIP Luo, J. B., Huang, T. S., Smith, J. R., and Zhang, H.-J. surfaces by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition Guest editorial: Special issue on image understanding [art. no. 233105]. Applied Physics Letters, 86:23, 33105 for digital photographs. Pattern Recognition, 38:6, (Jun. 6, 2005). 781-785 (Jun. 2005).
Zhang, Z. H. and Cheng, K. Y. Growth of high optical Moulin, P., Kalker, T., Cox, I., Dittmann, J., Jain, A., quality InAs quantum dots in InAlGaAs/InP double Katzenbeisser, S., and Lagendijk, R. Editorial: heterostructures. Journal of Vacuum Science and Supplement on secure media, III. IEEE Transactions on Technology B, 23:3, 1125-1128 (May-Jun. 2005). Signal Processing, 53:10, Part 2, 3922 (Oct. 2005).
Zhang, Z. H., Xu, C. F., Hsieh, K. C., and Cheng, K. Y. Petrovic, N., Jojic, N., and Huang, T. S. Adaptive video Defect-free 50-layer strain-balanced InAs quantum fast forward. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 26:3, dots grown on InAlGaAs/InP for infrared 327-344 (Aug. 2005). pliotodetector applications. Journal of Crystal Growth, 278:1-4, 61-66 (May 1, 2005). Sebe, N., Cohen, I., Cozman, F. G., Gevers, T., and Huang, T. S. Learning probabilistic classifiers for human- computer interaction applications. Multimedia Systems, Signal and Image Processing 10:6, 484-498 (Oct. 2005).
Bhanu, B., Peng, J., Huang, T., and Draper, B. A. Shukla, R., Dragotti, P. L., Do, M. N., and Vetterli, M. Introduction to the special issue on learning in Rate-distortion optimized tree-structured compression computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE algorithms for piecewise polynomial images. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Transactions of Image Processing, 14:3, 343-359 (Mar. Cybernetics, 35:3, 391-396 (Jun. 2005). 2005).
100 Tian, Q., Wu, Y., Yu, J., and Huang, T. S. Self-supervised Gu, W. H., Singh, R., and Kim, K. Flow-limited field- learning based on discriminative nonlinear features for injection electrostatic spraying for controlled image classification. Pattern Recognition, 38:6, 903-917 formation of charged multiple jets of precursor (Jun. 2005). solutions: Theory and application [art. no. 084107]. Applied Physics Letters, 87:8, 84107 (Aug. 22, 2005). Wang, R. Y. and Huang, T. A framework of joint object tracking and event detection. Pattern Analysis and Okhmatovski, V. I., Morsey, J. D., and Cangellaris, A. C. Applications, 7:4, 343-355 (Jun. 2005). Comments on "On deembedding of port discontinuities in full-wave CAD models of multiport circuits" and Wu, Y., Lin, J., and Huang, T. S. Analyzing and capturing related comments [authors' reply]. IEEE Transactions articulated hand motion in image sequences. IEEE on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53:5, 1829 (May Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine 2005). Intelligence, 27:12, 1910-1922 (Dec. 2005). Pant, R., Neifeld, M. A., Steer, M. B., Kanj, H., and Zhou, J. P., Do, M. N., and Kovacevic, J. Cangellaris, A. Electrical package impact on VCSEL- Multidimensional orthogonal filter bank based optical interconnects. Optics Communications, characterization and design using the Cayley 245:1-6, 315-332 (Jan. 17, 2005). transform. IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, 14:6, 760-769 (Jun. 2005). Park, S. J., Chen, K. F., Ostrom, N. P., and Eden, J. G. 40,000 pixel arrays of ac-excited silicon microcavity Zhou, X. S., Garg, A., and Huang, T. S. Nonlinear plasma devices [art. no. 111501]. Applied Physics variants of biased discriminants for interactive image Letters, 86:11, 11501 (Mar. 14, 2005). retrieval. IEE Proceedings: Vision, Image and Signal Processing, 152:6, 927-936 (Dec. 2005). Rong, A. S., Cangellaris, A. C., and Dong, L. M. Comprehensive broad-band electromagnetic modeling Solid State Devices of on-chip interconnects with a surface discretization- based generalized PEEC model. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 28:3, 434-444 (Aug. 2005). Chung, T., Walter, G., and Holonyak, N. Growth mechanism of InAs quantum dots on GaAs by metal- Wang, L., Mohammed, F. M., and Adesida, I. organic chemical-vapor deposition [art. no. 053510]. Characterization of Au and Al segregation layer in Journal of Applied Physics, 97:5, 53510 (Mar. 1, 2005). post-annealed thin Ti/Al/Mo/Au ohmic contacts to n- GaN [art. no. 106105]. Journal of Applied Physics, Supercomputing Research and 98:10, 6105 (Nov. 15, 2005). Development Papers Presented at Breg, F. and Polychronopoulos, C. D. Computational network federations: A middleware architecture for network-based computing. IEEE Journal on Selected Conferences and Areas in Communications, 23:10, 2041-2048 (Oct. 2005). Symposia Thin Films and Charged Particles Advanced Automation Cho, H. K., Hossain, T., Bae, J. W., and Adesida, I. Characterization of Pd/Ni/Au ohmic contacts on p- Briassouli, A. and Ahuja, N. Integrated spatial and GaN. Solid-State Electronics, 49:5, 774-778 (May 2005). frequency domain 2D motion segmentation and estimation. 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Vol. 1, 244-250 (2005).
101 Wang, H. and Ahuja, N. Rank-R approximation of tensors using image-as-matrix representation. 2005 Bioacoustics IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision Nam, Y. and Wheeler, B. C. Imaging locations of neurons and Pattern Recognition (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). vs. glia in low-density culture. 2nd International IEEE Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition on Neural Engineering (Arlington, VA, Mar. 2005). 346-353 (2005). Proceedings of the 2nd International IEEE Engineering in Wang, H., Wu, Q., Shi, L., Yu, Y., and Ahuja, N. Out-of- Medicine and Biology Society Conference on Neural core tensor approximation of multi-dimensional Engineering 325-327 (2005). matrices of visual data. 32nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (Los Circuits Angeles, CA, Jul. 2005). ACM Transactions on Graphics 527-535 (2005). Carter, N. P., Ferrera, S., Kothari, L., and Ye, S. Hall-effect circuits and architectures for nonvolatile system Wang, H., Xu, N., Raskar, R., and Ahuja, N. Videoshop: design. 2005 European Conference on Circuit Theory and A new framework for spatio-temporal video editing in Design (Cork, Ireland, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of the gradient domain. 2005 IEEE Computer Society 2005 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Vol. 2, 131-134 (2005). (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Cheng, L., Deng, L., and Wong, M. D. F. Floorplanning Pattern Recognition 1201 (2005). for 3-D VLSI design. 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (Shanghai, China, Jan. 2005). Yu, T., Luo, J., and Ahuja, N. Shape regularized active Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design contour using iterative global search and local Automation Conference, Vol. 1, 405-411 (2005). optimization. 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (San Diego, Deng, L. and Wong, M. D. F. Buffer insertion under CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer process variations for delay minimization. 2005 Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern International Conference on Computer Aided Design (San Recognition 655-662 (2005). Jose, CA, Nov. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Computer Aided Design Yu, T., Luo, J., Singhal, A., and Ahuja, N. Shape 317-321 (2005). regularized active contour based on dynamic programming for anatomical structure segmentation. Deng, L. and Wong, M. D. F. Energy optimization in Medical Imaging 2005: Image Processing (San Diego, CA, memory address bus structure for application-specific Feb. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical systems. 2005 Association for Computing Machinery Optics and Imaging 419-430 (2005). Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (Chicago, IL, Apr. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Association for Computing Advanced Processing and Circuits Machinery Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 232-237 (2005). Adesida, I. Processing and device issues in GaN and Hyvonen, S., Bhatia, K., and Rosenbaum, E. An ESD- related compounds. 2005 IEEE Workshop on protected, 2.45/5.25-GHz dual-band CMOS LNA with Microelectronics and Electron Devices (Boise, ID, Apr. series LC loads and a 0.5-V supply. 2005 IEEE Radio 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Workshop on Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (Long Beach, Microelectronics and Electron Devices 8-9 (2005). CA, Jun. 2005). Digest of Papers: 2005 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium 43-46 (2005).
102 Rosenbaum, E. and Hyvonen, S. On-chip ESD protection Zhong, Y. and Wong, M. D. F. Fast algorithms for IR for RF I/Os: Devices, circuits and models. Proceedings drop analysis in large power grid. 2005 International of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Conference on Computer Aided Design (San Jose, CA, Systems (Kobe, Japan, May 2005). Proceedings of the Nov. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Conference on Computer Aided Design 351-357 (2005). Systems, Vol. 2, 1202-1205 (2005).
Sridhara, S. R. and Shanbhag, N. R. Coding for reliable Communications on-chip buses: Fundamental limits and practical codes. Eryilmaz, A. and Srikant, R. Fair resource allocation in 18th International Conference on VLSI Design: Power wireless networks using queue-length-based Aware Design of VLSI Systems (Kolkata, India, Jan. scheduling and congestion control. IEEE INFOCOM 2005). Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International 2005 (Miami, FL, Mar. 2005). Proceedings, IEEE Conference on VLSI Design: Power Aware Design of INFOCOM 2005 1794-1803 (2005). VLSI Systems 417-422 (2005). Lakshmikantha, A., Beck, C. L., and Srikant, R. On the Sridhara, S. R. and Shanbhag, N. R. A low-power bus use of SoS methods for analysis of connection-level design using joint repeater insertion and coding. 2005 stability in the internet. 2005 American Control IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics Conference (Portland, OR, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the and Design (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of 2005 American Control Conference 2705-2708 (2005). the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design 99-102 (2005). Liang, Y. and Veeravalli, V. V. Cooperative relay broadcast channels. 2005 International Conference on Sridhara, S. R., Shanbhag, N. R., and Balamurugan, G. Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Joint equalization and coding for on-chip bus Computing (Maui, HI, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 communication. 6th International Symposium on Quality International Conference on Wireless Networks, Electronic Design (San Jose, CA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol. 2, of the 6th International Symposium on Quality Electronic 1449-1454 (2005). Design 642-647 (2005). Liang, Y. and Veeravalli, V. V. Distributed optimal Wang C.-W., Carter, N. R., Kujoth, R. B., Cook, J. J., and resource allocation for fading relay broadcast channels. Gottlieb, D. B. Exploiting pipelining to tolerate wire 6th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing delays in a programmable-reconfigurable processor. Advances in Wireless Communications (New York, NY, 2005 International Conference on Field Programmable Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Logic and Applications (Tampere, Finland, Aug. 2005). Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Field Communications 550-554 (2005). Programmable Logic and Applications 57-64 (2005). Liu, S., Basar, T., and Srikant, R. Pitfalls in the fluid Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. R. A CMOS design style for modeling of RTT variations in window-based logic circuit hardening. 2005 IEEE International congestion control. IEEE INFOCOM 2005 (Miami, FL, Reliability Physics Symposium (San Jose, CA, Apr. 2005). Mar. 2005). Proceedings, IEEE INFOCOM 2005 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Reliability 1002-1012 (2005). Physics Symposium 223-229 (2005). Sanghavi, S. and Hajek, B. A new mechanism for the Zhang, M. and Shanbhag, N. R. An energy-efficient free-rider problem. Association for Computing circuit technique for single event transient noise- Machinery SIGCOMM 2005 Workshops: Conference on tolerance. 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Computer Communications (Philadelphia, PA, Aug. Circuits and Systems (Kobe, Japan, May. 2005). 2005). Proceedings of Association for Computing Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium Machinery SIGCOMM 2005 Workshops: Conference on on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 1, 636-639 (2005). Computer Communications 122-127 (2005).
103 Saville, M. A. and Chew, W. C. Error control for the 3D Lai, L, Patel, J. H., Rinderknecht, T., and Cheng, W.-T. FIPWA in complex media. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Hardware efficient LBIST with complementary Propagation Society International Symposium weights. 2005 International Conference on Computer (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Design (San Jose, CA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International International Conference on Computer Design 479-481 Symposium, Vol. 3A, 196-199 (2005). (2005).
Shakkottai, S. and Srikant, R. Economics of network Lazebnik, S., Schmid, C., and Ponce, J. A maximum pricing with multiple ISPs. IEEE INFOCOM 2005 entropy framework for part-based texture and object (Miami, FL, Mar. 2005). Proceedings, IEEE INFOCOM recognition. 10th IEEE International Conference on 2005 184-194 (2005). Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Shakkottai, S., Brownlee, N., and Claffy, K. A study of Vision, Vol. 1, 832-838 (2005). burstiness in TCP flows. Passive and Active Network Measurement: 6th International Workshop (Boston, MA, Liljenstam, M., Liu, J., Nicol, D., Yuan, Y., Yan, G., and Mar. 2005). Proceedings of Passive and Active Network Grier, C. RINSE: The Real-time Immersive Network Measurement: 6th International Workshop 13-26 (2005). Simulation Environment for network security exercises. 2005 Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Squire, K. and Levinson, S. E. Recursive maximum Distributed Simulation (Monterey, CA, Jun. 2005). likelihood estimation for hidden semi-Markov models. Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Principles of 2005 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Advanced and Distributed Simulation 119-128 (2005). Processing (Mystic, CT, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Nicol, D. M. and Liljenstam, M. Models and analysis of Processing 334-339 (2005). active worm defense. Computer Network Security: 3rd International Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Ying, L., Srikant, R., Eryilmaz, A., and Dullerud, G. E. Models, and Architectures for Computer Networked Distributed fair resource allocation in cellular Security (St. Petersburg, Russia, Sep. 2005). Computer networks in the presence of heterogeneous delays. 3rd Network Security: Proceedings of the 3rd International International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization Workshop on Mathematical Methods, Models, and in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (Trentino, Architectures for Computer Networked Security 38-53 Italy, Apr. 2005). Proceedings of the 3rd International (2005). Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks 96-105 (2005). Nicol, D. M. and Okhravi, H. Performance analysis of binary code protection. 2005 Winter Simulation Zha, W. and Veeravalli, V. V. Analysis of Ricean MIMO Conference (Orlando, FL, Dec. 2005). Proceedings of the channels based on a virtual channel representation. 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (2005). 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. Nicol, D. M. and Yan, G. Simulation of network traffic 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International at coarse time-scales. 2005 Workshop on Principles of Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Advanced and Distributed Simulation (Monterey, CA, Jun. Vol. 3, 397-400 (2005). 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation 141-150 (2005).
Computer Engineering Nicol, D. M., Liljenstam, M., and Liu, J. Advanced concepts in large-scale network simulation. 2005 Winter Kyasanur, P. and Vaidya, N. H. Routing and interface Simulation Conference (Orlando, FL, Dec. 2005). assignment in multi-channel multi-interface wireless Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference networks. 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and (2005). Networking Conference (New Orleans, LA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vol. 4, 2051-2056 (2005).
104 Polychronopoulos, C. D. Computational network Arvind G. and Kumar, P. R. Maximizing the functional federations: Computing and communications as a lifetime of sensor networks. 4th International Symposium utility. 2005 International Conference on Pervasive on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (Los Services (Santorini, Greece, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the Angeles, CA, Apr. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th 2005 International Conference on Pervasive Services International Symposium on Information Processing in 344-349 (2005). Sensor Networks 5-12 (2005).
Ponce, J., McHenry, K., Papadopoulo, T., Teillaud, M., and Athanasopoulou, E. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Maximum Triggs, B. On the absolute quadratic complex and its likelihood diagnosis in partially observable finite state application to autocalibration. 2005 IEEE Computer machines. 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Intelligent Control (Limassol, Cyprus, Jun. 2005). Recognition (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer on Intelligent Control 896-901 (2005). Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vol. 1, 780-787 (2005). Cao, M., Ma, W., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., and Zhu, W. Sat, B. and Wah, B. W. Speech-adaptive layered G.729 Modelling and performance analysis of the distributed coder for loss concealments of real-time voice over IP. scheduler in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode. 6th International 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Expo (Amsterdam, Netherlands, Jul. 2005). Proceedings Computing (Urbana-Champaign, IL, May 2005). of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Mobile and Expo (2005). Ad Hoc Networking and Computing 78-89 (2005).
Wah, B. W. and Chen, Y. Solving large-scale nonlinear Chopra, N. and Spong, M. W. On synchronization of programming problems by constraint partitioning. networked passive systems with time delays and 11th International Conference on Principles and Practice application to bilateral teleoperation. 2005 Society of of Constraint Programming (Sitges, Spain, Oct. 2005). Instrument and Control Engineers Annual Conference Lecture Notes in Computer Science 697-711 (2005). (Okayama, Japan, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Annual Wang, N. J. and Patel, S. J. ReStore: Symptom-based soft Conference 3424-3429 (2005). error detection in microprocessors. 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Ganguli, A., Cortes, J., and Bullo, F. Maximizing (Yokohama, Japan, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the visibility in nonconvex polygons: Nonsmooth analysis International Conference on Dependable Systems and and gradient algorithm design. 2005 American Control Networks 30-39 (2005). Conference (Portland, OR, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 American Control Conference, Vol. 2, 792-797 Yang, X. and Vaidya, N. On physical carrier sensing in (2005). wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE INFOCOM 2005 (Miami, FL, Mar. 2005). Proceedings, IEEE INFOCOM Hong, W., Wright, J., Huang, K., and Ma, Y. A multiscale 2005 2525-2535 (2005). hybrid linear model for lossy image representation. Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Vol. 1, 764-771 (2005). Alpcan, T., Fan, X., Basar, T., Arcak, M., and Wen, J. T. Power control for multicell CDMA wireless networks: Kashyap, A., Lastras-Montano, L. A., Xia, C., and Liu, Z. A team optimization approach. 3rd International Distributed source coding in dense sensor networks. Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad 2005 Data Compression Conference (Snowbird, UT, Mar. Hoc, and Wireless Networks (Trentino, Italy, Apr. 2005). 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Data Compression Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Conference 13-22 (2005). Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks 379-388 (2005).
105 Ma, Y. and Vidai, R. Identification of deterministic Yang, A. Y., Rao, S., Wagner, A., Ma, Y., and Fossum, R. switched ARX systems via identification of algebraic M. Hilbert functions and applications to the estimation varieties. 8th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: of subspace arrangements. 10th IEEE International Computation and Control (Zurich, Switzerland, Mar. Conference on Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 449-465 2005). Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International (2005). Conference on Computer Vision, Vol. 1, 158-165 (2005).
Rao, S. R., Yang, A. Y., Wagner, A. W., and Yi, M. Segmentation of hybrid motions via hybrid quadratic Digital Signal and Imaging Processing surface analysis. 10th IEEE International Conference on Chen, T., Huang, T. S., Yin, W., and Zhou, X. S. A new Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings coarse-to-fine framework for 3D brain MR image of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer registration. 1st International Workshop on Computer Vision, Vol. 1, 2-9 (2005). Vision for Biomedical Image Applications (Beijing, Rohloff, K. R. and Basar, T. Stochastic behavior of China, Oct. 2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Science random constant scanning worms. 14th International 114-124 (2005). Conference on Computer Communications and Networks Dagli, C. K., Rajaram, S., and Huang, T. S. Combining (San Diego, CA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 14th diversity-based active learning with discriminant International Conference on Computer Communications analysis in image retrieval. 3rd International Conference and Networks 339-344 (2005). on Information Technology and Applications (Sydney, Takos, G. and Hadjicostis, C. N. Hierarchical Australia, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 3rd International decentralized fusion from correlated sensor Conference on Information Technology and Applications measurements. 2005 IEEE International Conference on 173-178 (2005). Networking, Sensing and Control (Tucson, AZ, Mar. Han, T. S. and Huang, T. S. Articulated body tracking 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International using dynamic belief propagation. 2005 Workshop on Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control 508-513 Computer Vision in Human–Computer Interaction (2005). (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Vivek R. and Kumar, P. R. Issues in Wardrop routing in Science 26-35 (2005). wireless networks. 1st International Conference on Tu, J., Huang, T., and Hai, T. Face as mouse through Wireless Internet (Budapest, Hungary, Jul. 2005). visual face tracking. 2nd Canadian Conference on Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (Victoria, BC, May 2005). Wireless Internet 34-41 (2005). Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Yang, A. Y., Gonzalez-Banos, H., Ng-Thow-Hing, V., and and Robot Vision 339-346 (2005). Davis, J. E. RoboTalk: Controlling arms, bases and Xu, X. and Huang, T. S. Face recognition with MRC- androids through a single motion interface. 12th boosting. 10th IEEE International Conference on International Conference on Advanced Robotics (Seattle, Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings WA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 12th International of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Conference on Advanced Robotics 280-287 (2005). Vision, Vol. 2, 1770-1777 (2005). Yang, A. Y., Rao, S., Wagner, A., and Ma, Y. Zeng, Z., Zhang, Z., Pianfetti, B., Tu, J., and Huang, T. S. Segmentation of a piece-wise planar scene from Audio-visual affect recognition in activation- perspective images. 2005 IEEE Computer Society evaluation space. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Multimedia and Expo (Amsterdam, Netherlands, Jul. (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Conference on Multimedia and Expo (2005). Pattern Recognition 154-161 (2005).
106 Bagci, V., Yilmaz, A. E., and Michielssen, E. EMC/EMI Electromagnetic Communication and analysis of electrically large and multiscale structures Electronics Packaging loaded with coaxial cables by a hybrid TDIE-FDTD- MNA approach. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Deng, Z. and Schutt-Aine, J. LIM-SPICE for the analysis Society International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. of power distribution networks. 9th IEEE Workshop on 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Signal Propagation on Interconnects (Garmisch- Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2B, Partenkirchen, Germany, May 2005). Proceedings of the 14-17 (2005). 9th IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects 17-20 (2005). Bajcsy, P. and Kooper, R. Prediction accuracy of color imagery from hyperspectral imagery. Algorithms for Deng, Z. and Schutt-Aine, J. E. Turbo-SPICE with Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XII (Orlando, FL, Mar. latency insertion method (LIM). 14th IEEE Topical 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Optical Engineering 330-341 (2005). Packaging (Austin, TX, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Bernhard, J. T., Cung, G., Kerby, K. C., and Mayes, P. E. Electronic Packaging 329-332 (2005). Development of wideband random phased arrays composed of modified canted sector antennas. 2005 Gao, R., Meknonen, Y. S., Beyene, W. T., and Schutt-Aine, IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless J. Efficient macromodeling for systems characterized Communications and Applied Computational by sampled data. 2005 IEEE/ACES International Electromagnetics (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2005). Proceedings Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied of the 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (Honolulu, HI, USA, Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Apr. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACES Electromagnetics 229-232 (2005). International Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics 565-568 Bernhard, J. T., Kerby, K., Cung, G., and Mayes, P. E. (2005). Wideband random phased arrays: Theory and design. IEE Seminar on Wideband and Multiband Antennas and Mekonnen, Y. S., Schutt-Aine, J., Tan, J., Kumar, C., and Arrays (Birmingham, UK, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the Milosevic, D. Combining rational interpolation with the IEE Seminar on Wideband and Multiband Antennas and vector fitting method. 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on Arrays 89-93 (2005). Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging (Austin, TX, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Topical Byun, J.-K. and Jin, J.-M. Finite-element analysis of Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic scattering from a BOR using spherical infinite Packaging 51-54 (2005). elements. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Electromagnetics Society International Symposium, Vol. 1, 113-116 (2005).
Bagci, H., Yilmaz, A. E., and Michielssen, E. A fast Cangellaris, A. C. and Wu, H. Domain decomposition hybrid TDIE-FDTD-MNA scheme for analyzing cable- and multi-scale finite elements for electromagnetic induced transient coupling into shielding enclosures. analysis of integrated electronic systems. 2005 IEEE 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (Chicago, IL, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of Compatibility (Chicago, IL, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 3, 828-833 (2005). Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 3, 817-822 (2005).
107 Chen, Q., Lu, M., and Lu, M. Time domain integral Hesford, A. J. and Chew, W. C. A comparison of the equation-based analysis for thin scatterers using computational efficiency of three inverse scattering impedance boundary conditions. 2005 IEEE Antennas methods. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and Propagation Society International Symposium International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Society International Symposium, Vol. 2A, 127-130 Symposium, Vol. 3A, 155-158 (2005). (2005).
Chew, W. C. and Jiang, L. J. The general variational Huff, G. H. and Bernhard, J. T. Electro-mechanical beam formulas for capacitance parameter extraction. 14th steering of a trough waveguide antenna using IEEE Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of cantilever perturbations. 2005 Antenna Applications Electronic Packaging (Austin, TX, Oct. 2005). Symposium (Monticello, IL, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on the 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium 152-65 Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging 281-284 (2005). (2005). Huff, G. H., and Bernhard, J. T. Frequency Chew, W. C., Chiang, I. T., Li, M. K., Hesford, A., Liu, Y., reconfigurable CPW-fed hybrid folded slot/slot dipole Qian, Z. G., Tong, M. S., Jiang, L. J., Chao, H. Y., Ohnuki, antenna. 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on S., Bodrov, V., Hsu, H. P., and Song, H. J. Antenna Wireless Communications and Applied Computational simulation on cars using fast integral equation solver. Electromagnetics (Honolulu, HI, Apr. 2005). Proceedings 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium (Monticello, IL, of the 2005 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Antenna Applications Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Symposium 566-575 (2005). Electromagnetics 574-577 (2005).
Chew, W. C., Jiang, L .J., Chu, Y. H., Liu, Y. A., Li, M. Ihm, J.-Y., Chung, I. J., Manetas, G., and Cangellaris, A. K., Qian, Z. G., Xiong, J., and Sun, L. Solving low C. Comprehensive model for on-chip power grid frequency electromagnetic problems with fast solvers. transient analysis and power grid-induced noise 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic prediction. 55th Electronic Components and Technology Compatibility (Chicago, IL, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of Conference (Lake Buena Vista, FL, May 2005). the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Proceedings of the 55th Electronic Components and Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 3, 811-816 (2005). Technology Conference 716-721 (2005).
Chiang, I. T. and Chew, W. C. Improvement for Jiang, P. L. and Michielssen, E. Multilevel plane wave scattering by a thin dielectric sheet using surface time domain-enhanced MOT solver for analyzing integral equation. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation electromagnetic scattering from objects residing in Society International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. lossy media. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Society International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4B, 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and 380-383 (2005). Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 3B, 447-450 (2005). Dunn, E. A., Byun, J. K., Jin, J.-M., and Jin, J. A higher- order finite element-boundary integral method for Jin. J.-M., and Jin, J. A highly robust and versatile finite electromagnetic scattering from bodies of revolution. element-boundary integral hybrid code for scattering 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society by BOR objects. 2005 IEEE/ACES International International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Computational Electromagnetics (Honolulu, HI, Apr. Society International Symposium, Vol. 1B, 109-112 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACES International (2005). Conference on Wireless Communications and Applied Computational Electromagnetics 666-669 (2005).
108 Kooper, R., Bajcsy, P., and Andersh, D. Methodology for Mao, K., Byun, J.-K., and Jin, J.-M. Simulation of finite evaluating statistically predicted versus measured cavity-backed antenna arrays using an accelerated FE- imagery. Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar BI method. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Imagery XII (Orlando, FL, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation 407-418 (2005). Society International Symposium, Vol. 1B, 239-242 (2005). Kooper, R., Shirk, A., Lee, S.-C., Lin, A., Folberg, R., and Bajcsy, P. 3D medical volume reconstruction using Web Mayes, P. E. and Klock, P. W. Models for radiating services. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Web resonators with applications to electrically small Service (Orlando, FL, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 antennas. 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium IEEE International Conference on Web Service 709-716 (Monticello, IL, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 (2005). Antenna Applications Symposium 69-88 (2005).
Lee, Y.-J. and Bajcsy, P. An information gathering Meng, J., Lu, M., and Michielssen, E. A fast space- system for medical image inspection. Medical Imaging adaptive algorithm to evaluate transient wave fields 2005: PACS and Imaging Informatics (San Diego, CA, due to low-frequency source constellations. 2005 IEEE Feb. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Antennas and Propagation Society International Society for Optical Engineering 383-390 (2005). Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Liu, Y., Chu, Y., and Chew, W. C. LFFMA and induction International Symposium, Vol. 3A, 171-174 (2005). well-logging modeling. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium Petersson, L. E. R. and Jin, J.-M. Analysis of infinite (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 phased arrays using a FEM-TD formulation with an IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International accurate floquet ABC. 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium, Vol. 3A, 224-227 (2005). Symposium (Monticello, IL, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium 554-565 Lou, Z. and Jin, J.-M. An accurate waveguide port (2005). boundary condition for the time-domain finite-element method. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Petersson, L. E. R. and Jin, J.-M. A 3-D time-domain International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). finite element formulation for periodic geometries. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Society International Symposium, Vol. 1B, 117-120 International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). (2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4B, 189-192 Lu, M., Meng, J., and Michielssen, E. A novel temporal (2005). basis function for time domain integral equation solvers. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Petersson, L. E. R., Lou, Z., and Jin, J.-M. A 2-D Floquet International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). boundary condition for time-domain finite element Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation analysis of periodic geometries. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Society International Symposium, Vol. 3A, 159-162 Propagation Society International Symposium (2005). (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Lu, M., Shanker, B., and Michielssen, E. On uniform Symposium, Vol. 4B, 185-188 (2005). versus non-uniform sampling of far-field patterns in the plane wave time domain algorithm. 2005 IEEE Qian, Z. G. and Chew, W. C. Tying method for RWG Antennas and Propagation Society International basis functions. 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of Society International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and International Symposium, Vol. 3A, 163-166 (2005). Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 4B, 301-304 (2005).
109 Qian, Z. G., Xiong, J., Sun, L., Chiang, I. T., Chew, W. C., Wang, G. L., Chew, W. C., Cui, T. J., Wright, D. L., and Jiang, L. J., and Chu, Y. H. Crosstalk analysis by fast Smith, D. V. Large-scale 3D subsurface conductivity computational algorithms. 14th IEEE Topical Meeting imaging using full-wave forward modeling. 2005 IEEE on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging Antennas and Propagation Society International (Austin, TX, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Packaging 367-370 (2005). International Symposium, Vol. 1B, 202-205 (2005).
Rong, A., Cangellaris, A. C., and Dong, L. A novel graph Yilmaz, A. E. , Choi, M. J., Cangellaris, A. C., Jin, J.-M., partitioning technique for enhancing the and Michielssen, E. Incorporation of frequency- computational efficiency of the loop-tree generalized dependent multiport macromodels into a fast time- PEEC modeling of 3D interconnects. 14th IEEE Topical domain integral equation solver. 2005 IEEE Antennas Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic and Propagation Society International Symposium Packaging (Austin, TX, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Electronic Packaging 253-256 (2005). Symposium, Vol. 3A, 151-154 (2005).
Scherba, D. J. and Bajcsy, P. Depth map calibration by Yilmaz, A. E., Jin, J.-M., and Michielssen, E. A low- stereo and wireless sensor network fusion. 7th frequency extension of the time-domain adaptive International Conference on Information Fusion integral method. 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on Electrical (Philadelphia, PA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 7th Performance of Electronic Packaging (Austin, TX, Oct. International Conference on Information Fusion (2005). 2005). Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging 359-362 Soldner, N. C., Mayes, P. E. and Bernhard, J. T. (2005). Electrically small inductively-loaded low-profile dual sector antennas in random arrays for surface exploration and mapping. 2005 IEEE Antennas and High Frequency Devices Propagation Society International Symposium Lai, J. W., Caruth, D., Chuang, Y. J., Cimino, K., Elder, (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 R., Jansen, D., Stroili, F., Le, M., and Feng, M. 300 GHz IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International InP DHBT large signal model including current Symposium, Vol. 1B, 516-519 (2005). blocking effect and validated by Gilbert multiplier Soldner, N. C., Mayes, P. E., and Bernhard, J. T. circuits. 2005 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Improvement of electrically small, dual-sector antenna Circuit Symposium (Palm Springs, CA, Oct. 2005). through integration of planar inductive feeds and Technical Digest: 2005 IEEE Compound Semiconductor inductive loads. 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium Integrated Circuit Symposium 61-64 (2005). (Monticello, IL, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Antenna Applications Symposium 108-126 (2005). Magnetic Resonance
Tong, M. S. and Chew, W. C. A novel high-order Toronov, V. Y., Zhang, X, and Webb, A. G. Near-infrared Nystrom scheme for 3D boundary integral equations. study of the underlying physiology of the functional 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society magnetic resonance signal in humans during hypoxia. International Symposium (Washington, DC, Jul. 2005). Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics (San Jose, CA, Jan. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Society International Symposium, Vol. 4A, 296-299 Optics and Imaging 543-546 (2005). (2005).
Urban, M. and Bajcsy, P. Fusion of voice, gesture, and human-computer interface controls for remotely operated robot. 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (Philadelphia, PA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (2005).
110 Zhang, X., Toronov, V. Y., and Webb, A. G. Methodology Oldenburg, A., Zweifel, D. A., Xu, C., Wei, A., and development for simultaneous diffuse optical Boppart, S. A. Characterization of plasmon-resonant tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in gold nanorods as near-infrared optical contrast agents functional human brain mapping. Photonic investigated using a double-integrating sphere system. Therapeutics and Diagnostics (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Plasmonics in Biology and Medicine II (San Jose, CA, Jan. Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Imaging 453-463 (2005). Optics and Imaging 50-60 (2005).
Zhang, X., Toronov, V. Y., Fabiani, M., Gratton, G., and Ralston, T. S., Marks, D., Kamalabadi, F., and Boppart, S. Webb, A. G. The study of cerebral hemodynamic and A. Gaussian beam deconvolution in optical coherence neuronal response to visual stimulation using tomography. Three-Dimensional and Multidomensional simultaneous NIR optical tomography and BOLD Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XII (San fMRI in humans. Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress Biomedical Optics and Imaging 1-12 (2005). in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 566-572 (2005). Tan, W., Desai, T. A., Leckband, D., and Boppart, S. A. Optical coherence tomography of cell dynamics in Optical Imaging three-dimensional engineered tissues. Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells: Boppart, S. A., Marks, D. L., Bredfeldt, J. S., and Vinegoni, Fundamentals and Applications III (San Jose, CA, Jan. C. Nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging: 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optical ranging and spatial localization of CARS. Optics and Imaging 102-110 (2005). Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences V (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress Xu, C., Marks, D. L., Do, M. N., and Boppart, S. A. A least- in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 60-69 (2005). squares fitting algorithm for separating absorption and scattering profiles in spectroscopic optical coherence Boppart, S. A., Tan, W., Ko, H.-J., and Vinegoni, C. tomography. Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical coherence tomography of cell dynamics in Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine IX (San three-dimensional engineered tissues. Optical Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques II Biomedical Optics and Imaging 201-208 (2005). (Munich, Germany, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging 1-8 (2005). Optical Physics and Engineering Ko, H.-J., Tan, W., Stack, R., and Boppart, S. A. Optical coherence elastography of developing biological Block, I. D., Chan, L. L., and Cunningham, B. T. Photonic tissues. Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical crystal optical biosensor incorporating structured low- Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine IX (San Jose, CA, index porous dielectric. 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical (Irvine, CA, USA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Optics and Imaging 187-194 (2005). Conference on Sensors (2005).
Marks, D. L., Vinegoni, C., Bredfeldt, J. S., and Boppart, Park, S.-J., Chen, K.-F., Sung, S.-H., Spinka, T. M., and S. A. Molecularly sensitive optical ranging using Eden, J. G. Arrays of microcavity plasma devices: nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging. Concepts for future plasma displays. 12th International Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Display Workshops in Conjunction with Asia Display Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine IX (San Jose, CA, (Takamatsu, Japan, Dec. 2005). Proceedings of the 12th Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical International Display Workshops in Conjunction with Asia Optics and Imaging 174-181 (2005). Display 1495-1498 (2005).
111 Kim, T., Danner, A. J., and Choquette, K. D. Photonic Optoelectronics crystal GaN light emitting diode. 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Baltimore, MD, May 2005). Choquette, K. D., Danner, A. J., Raftery Jr., J. J., and Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro- Leisher, P. O. Photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers and Optics 309-310 (2005). arrays. 5th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (Nagoya, Japan, Jul. 2005). Proceedings Leisher, P. O., Danner, A. J., Raftery Jr., J. J., and of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Choquette, K. D. Proton implanted single mode holey Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, 762-763 (2005). vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. 2005 IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Chuang, S. L., Kondratko, P. K., Kim, J., Walter, G., (Sydney, Australia, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Holonyak Jr., N., Heller, R., Zhang, X., and Dupuis, R. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Tunneling injection quantum-dot lasers. Novel In-Plane 463-464 (2005). Semiconductor Lasers IV (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Raftery Jr., J. J., Danner, A. J., Giannopoulos, A. V., Shyu, Imaging 347-354 (2005). E. C., and Choquette K. D. In-phase coherently coupled 2D arrays of defect cavities within a photonic crystal Danner, A. J., Raftery Jr., J. J., Leisher, P. O., Yamaoka, VCSEL. 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics E. A., Lala, S. R., Hwang, M. L., and Choquette, K. D. (Baltimore, MD, May 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Loss and the accuracy of the photonic crystal model in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 1934-1935 holey VCSELs. 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro- (2005). Optics (Baltimore, MD, May 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 1927-1928 (2005). Power and Energy Systems
Elarde, V. C., Kim, Y. K., Choquette, K. D., and Coleman, Balog, R. S., Sorchini, Z., Kimball, J. W., Chapman, P. L., J. J. Selectively grown quantum well active layer in a Krein, P. T., and Sauer, P. W. Blue-box approach to photonic crystal optical microcavity. Optoelectronic power electronics and machines educational Integrated Circuits VII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). laboratories. 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society Proceedings of SPIE: Progress in Biomedical Optics and General Meeting (San Francisco, CA, Jun. 2005). Imaging 86-93 (2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting 1176-1184 (2005). Fisher, M. R. and Chuang, S.-L. Variable group delay using a novel integrated optoelectronic filter. 2005 Balog, R. S., Weaver, W. W., and Krein, P. T. The load as Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Baltimore, MD, an energy asset in a distributed architecture. 2005 IEEE May 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Lasers Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (Philadelphia, PA, and Electro-Optics 263-265 (2005). Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium 261-267 (2005). Grasso, D. M., Serkland, D. K., Geib, K., and Choquette, K. D. High slope efficiency measured from a composite- Gross, G. Meeting the electricity industry human resonator vertical-cavity laser. 2005 IEEE Lasers and resource needs: The universities' role. 2005 IEEE Power Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (Sydney, Engineering Society General Meeting (San Francisco, CA, Australia, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Power Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Engineering Society General Meeting 969 (2005). 535-536 (2005). Kimball, J. W. and Krein, P. T. Analysis and design of Kim, J. and Chuang, S. L. Effects of scatterings on the switched capacitor converters. 20th Annual IEEE gain broadening of type-I quantum-cascade lasers. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronics Devices XIII (Austin, TX, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 20th Annual (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and International Society for Optical Engineering 299-306 Exposition, Vol. 3, 1473-1477 (2005). (2005).
112 Mossoba, J. T. and Krein, P. T. Modeling of unbalanced Athanasopoulou, E., Thakker, P., and Sanders, W. H. multiphase buck converters with applications to Evaluating the dependability of a LEO satellite voltage regulator module control. 20th Annual IEEE network for scientific applications. 2nd International Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (Austin, TX, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 20th Annual (Torino, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Exposition, Vol. 3, 1424-1429 (2005). Systems 95-104 (2005).
Overbye, T. J. Information and data management and Basile, C., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. K. Neutralization analysis for large systems. 38th Annual Hawaii of errors and attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. 2005 International Conference on System Sciences (Big Island, International Conference on Dependable Systems and HI, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii Networks (Yokohama, Japan, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of International Conference on System Sciences 54 (2005). the 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks 518-527 (2005). Ruiz, P. A. Benefit allocation after the merger of electricity markets. 37th North American Power Chen, S., Xu, J., Nakka, N., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. Symposium (Ames, IA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the K. Defeating memory corruption attacks via pointer 37th North American Power Symposium 503-508 (2005). taintedness detection. 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (Yokohama, Japan, Yeu, R. H. and Sauer, W. Post-contingency equilibrium Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 International analysis techniques for power systems. 37th North Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks American Power Symposium (Ames, IA, Oct. 2005). 378-387 (2005). Proceedings of the 37th North American Power Symposium 429-433 (2005). Chen, S., Xu, J., Sezer, E. C., Gauriar, P., and Iyer, R. K. Non-control-data attacks are realistic threats. 14th Zhu, C. J., Senin, A. A., and Eden, J. G. Parametric six- USENIX Security Symposium (Baltimore, MD, Jul. wave mixing and quantum beating at 608 cm−1 in Rb. 2005). Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Security 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference Symposium 177-191 (2005). (QELS) (Baltimore, MD, May 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference Derisavi, S., Kemper, P., and Sanders, W. H. Lumping 1439-1441 (2005). matrix diagram representations of markov models. 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (Yokohama, Japan, Jun. 2005). Proceedings Reliable and High-Performance of the 2005 International Conference on Dependable Computing Systems and Networks 742-751 (2005).
Adve, V. S., Agbaria, A., Hiltunen, M. A., Iyer, R. K., Fahs, B., Rafacz, T., Patel, S. J., and Lumetta, S. S. Joshi, K. R., Kalbarczyk, Z., Lefever, R. M., Plante, R., Continuous optimization. 32nd International Symposium Sanders, W. H., and Schlichting, R. D. A compiler- on Computer Architecture (Madison, WI, Jun. 2005). enabled model- and measurement-driven adaptation Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on environment for dependability and performance. 19th Computer Architecture 86-97 (2005). IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (Denver, CO, Apr. 2005). Proceedings of the Gaonkar, S. and Sanders, W. H. Simultaneous simulation 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed of alternative system configurations. 11th Pacific Rim Processing Symposium (2005). International Symposium on Dependable Computing (Hunan, China, Dec. 2005). Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Agbaria, A. and Sanders, W. H. Application-driven Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing coordination-free distributed checkpointing. 25th IEEE (2005). International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (Columbus, OH, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems 177-186 (2005).
113 Hwu, W.-M. and Patel, S. The future of computer Vaidya, N. H., Bernhard, J., Veeravalli, V. V., Kumar, P. architecture research: An industrial perspective. 11th R., and Iyer, R. K. Illinois wireless wind tunnel: A International Symposium on High-Performance Computer testbed for experimental evaluation of wireless Architecture (San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2005). Proceedings networks. Association for Computing Machinery of the 11th International Symposium on High-Performance SIGCOMM 2005 Workshops: Conference on Computer Computer Architecture 264 (2005). Communications (Philadelphia, PA, Aug. 2005). Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Joshi, K. R., Hiltunen, M. A., Sanders, W. H., and SIGCOMM 2005 Workshops: Conference on Computer Schlichting, R. D. Automatic model-driven recovery in Communications 64-69 (2005). distributed systems. 24th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (Orlando, FL, Oct. 2005). Wang, L., Pattabiraman, K., Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R. K., Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Votta, L., Vick, C., and Wood, A. Modeling coordinated Distributed Systems 25-36 (2005). checkpointing for large-scale supercomputers. 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Lam, V. V., Buchholz, P., and Sanders, W. H. A Networks (Yokohama, Japan, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of component-level path-based simulation approach for the 205 International Conference on Dependable Systems efficient analysis of large Markov models. 2005 Winter and Networks 812-821 (2005). Simulation Conference (Orlando, FL, Dec. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (2005). Remote Sensing
Nakka, N., Saggese, G. P., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. K. Atkinson, I. and Kamalabadi, F. CFAR detection of a An architectural framework for detecting process known FSK-modulated signal in white gaussian noise hangs/crashes. 5th European Dependable Computing with unknown variance. 2005 IEEE International Conference (Budapest, Hungary, Apr. 2005). Lecture Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Notes in Computer Science 103-121 (2005). (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Pattabiraman, K., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. K. Signal Processing, Vol. III, 989-992 (2005). Application-based metrics for strategic placement of detectors. 11th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Carlson, C. G., Swenson, G. R., Dragic, P., and Liu, A. Dependable Computing (Hunan, China, Dec. 2005). Maui mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MALT) Na Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim International lidar enterprise. Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Symposium on Dependable Computing (2005). Atmosphere X (Bruges, Belgium, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering Ramasamy, H. V., Agbaria, A., and Sanders, W. H. 59790W (2005). Parsimony-based approach for obtaining resource- efficient and trustworthy execution. 2nd Latin- Swenson, G., Tang, J., Kamalabadi, F., and Franke, S. American Symposium on Dependable Computing Methods of deducing intrinsic measurements of high (Salvador, Brazil, Oct. 2005). Lecture Notes in Computer frequency atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). Remote Science 206-225 (2005). Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere X (Bruges, Belgium, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The Saggese, G. P., Vetteth, A., Kalbarczyk, Z., and Iyer, R. International Society for Optical Engineering 59790V Microprocessor sensitivity to failures: Control vs. (2005). execution and combinational vs. sequential logic. 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Semiconductor Lasers Networks (Yokohama, Japan, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the 205 International Conference on Dependable Systems Elarde, V. C. and Coleman, J. J. Threshold and spectral and Networks 760-769 (2005). characteristics of patterned quantum dot lasers fabricated by selective area epitaxy. 2005 Conference on Sanders, W. H. Probabilistic validation of computer Lasers and Electro-Optics (Baltimore, MD, May 2005). system survivability. 2nd Latin-American Symposium on Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro- Dependable Computing (Salvador, Brazil, Oct. 2005). Optics 1802-1804 (2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2005).
114 Elarde, V. C., Coleman, J. J., and Bryce, A. C. Patterned Engel, J. M., Chen, J., Chen, N., Pandya, S., and Liu, C. quantum dot lasers fabricated using electron beam Development and characterization of an artificial hair lithography and selective area epitaxial growth. 2005 cell based on polyurethane elastomer and force IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting sensitive resistors. 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors (Sydney, Australia, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 (Irvine, CA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th IEEE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting Conference on Sensors (2005). 600-601 (2005). Kathawala, G. A., Van Der Straaten, T., and Ravaioli, U. Elarde, V. C., Cueva, G. R., and Coleman, J. J. InGaAs Application of grid focusing methodology to transport quantum dot lasers by selective area MOCVD growth. Monte Carlo model for ion channel simulations. 2005 5th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology Nano Science and Technology Institute Nanotechnology (Nagoya, Japan, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference and Trade Show (Anaheim, CA, May 2005). International Conference on Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Technical Proceedings of the 2005 Nano Science and 390-392 (2005). Technology Institute Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show 544-547 (2005).
Semiconductor Physics Melnikov, D. V., Leburton, J.-R., and Austing, D. G. Spin configurations in vertical quantum dots in magnetic Hu, S. and Hess, K. Ion channel simulations using the fields: Three-dimensional self-consistent simulation. TR-PNP model and the excess chemical potential 5th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology approach. 2005 Nano Science and Technology Institute (Nagoya, Japan, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Anaheim, International Conference on Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, CA, May 2005). Technical Proceedings of the 2005 Nano 88-91 (2005). Science and Technology Institute Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show 556-559 (2005). Pandya, S., Engel, J., Chen, J., Fan, Z., and Liu, C. CORAL: Miniature acoustic communication Semiconductors subsystem architecture for underwater wireless sensor networks. 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors (Irvine, CA, Chen, J., Engel, J., Chen, N., and Liu, C. A monolithic Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on integrated array of out-of-plane hot-wire flow sensors Sensors (2005). and demonstration of boundary-layer flow imaging. 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Ryu, K. S., Shaikh, H., Goluch, E., Mathias, P., and Liu, Mechanical Systems (Miami Beach, FL, Jan. 2005). C. Two-terminal longitudinal hotwire sensor for in-line Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on monitoring of sub-nanoliter volume in microfluidic Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 299-302 (2005). channels. 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors (Irvine, CA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on Chen, N., Engel, J., Chen, J., Fan, Z., and Liu, C. Sensors (2005). Micromachined thermal imaging mesh for conformal sensing system. 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors (Irvine, Signal and Image Processing CA, Oct. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors (2005). Chen, T., Yin, W., Zhou, X. S., Comaniciu, D., and Huang, T. S. Illumination normalization for face recognition Engel, J. M., Chen, J., Bullen, D., and Liu, C. and uneven background correction using total Polyurethane rubber as a MEMS material: variation based image models. 2005 IEEE Computer Characterization and demonstration of an all-polymer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern two-axis artificial hair cell flow sensor. 18th IEEE Recognition (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Systems (Miami Beach, FL, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of the Vision and Pattern Recognition 532-539 (2005). 18th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 279-282 (2005).
115 Choi, J. W., Shim, B., Singer, A. C., and Cho, N. I. Energy- La, C. and Do, M. N. Signal reconstruction using sparse efficient digital filtering using ML-based error tree representations. Wavelets XI (San Diego, CA, Jul. correction (ML-EC) technique. 2005 IEEE International 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Optical Engineering (2005). (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Liu, M., Han, T. X., and Huang, T. S. Online appearance Signal Processing, Vol. 4, 733-736 (2005). learning by template prediction. 2005 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance Da Cunha, A. L. and Do, M. N. Biorthogonal filter banks (Como, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE with directional vanishing moments. 2005 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal-Based International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Surveillance 236-241 (2005). Processing (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Lu, Y. and Do, M. N. 3-D directional filter banks and Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 4, 553-556 (2005). surfacelets. Wavelets XI (San Diego, CA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Da Cunha, A. L. and Do, M. N. Filter design for Engineering (2005). directional multiresolution decomposition. Wavelets XI (San Diego, CA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The Lu, Y. and Do, M. N. The finer directional wavelet International Society for Optical Engineering (2005). transform (image processing applications). 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal El Choubassi, M. and Moulin, P. New sensitivity analysis Processing (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of attack. SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging: Security, the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 4, 573-576 (2005). Contents VII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering Moulin, P. and Wang, Y. Improved QIM strategies for 734-745 (2005). Gaussian watermarking. 4th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking (Siena, Italy, Sep. 2005). Lecture Gupta, M. D., Rajaram, S., Petrovic, N., and Huang, T. S. Notes in Computer Science 372-386 (2005). Restoration and recognition in a loop. 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Moulin, P. and Wang, Y. On achievable error exponents Pattern Recognition (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). for watermarking. SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Multimedia Contents VII (San Jose, CA, Jan. 2005). Vol. 1, 638-644 (2005). Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering 308-317 (2005). Han, T. X., Ramesh, V., Zhut, Y., and Huang, T. S. On optimizing template matching via performance Nguyen, H. T. and Do, M. N. Image-based rendering characterization. 10th IEEE International Conference on with depth information using the propagation Computer Vision (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Proceedings algorithm. 2005 IEEE International Conference on of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (Philadelphia, Vision, Vol. 1, 182-189 (2005). PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Huang, T. Vision-based hand gesture tracking and Processing, Vol. II, 589-592 (2005). recognition. 2005 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (Iasi, Romania, Jul. 2005). Woo, G. R. and Jones, D. L. Peak power reduction in Proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on MIMO OFDM via active channel extension. IEEE 2005 Signals, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 2, 403 (2005). International Conference on Communications (Seoul, South Korea, May 2005). Proceedings of the IEEE 2005 Kiyavash, N. and Moulin, P. Regular simplex International Conference on Communications 2636-2639 fingerprints and their optimality properties. 4th (2005). International Workshop on Digital Watermarking (Siena, Italy, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking 97-109 (2005).
116 Xiong, Z., Radhakrishnan, R., Divakaran, A., and Huang, T. S. Highlights extraction from sports video based on Tunneling Microscopy an audio-visual marker detection framework. 2005 Albrecht, P. M. and Lyding, J. W. Atomic-scale electrical IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo characterization of carbon nanotubes on silicon (Amsterdam, Netherlands, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of the surfaces with the UHV-STM. 2005 IEEE Workshop on 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Microelectronics and Electron Devices (Boise, ID, Apr. Expo (2005). 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Workshop on Zeng, Z., Tu, J., Liu, M., and Huang, T. S. Multi-stream Microelectronics and Electron Devices 49-52 (2005). confidence analysis for audio-visual affect recognition. Lyding, J. W., Lee, J., Cheng, K., Albrecht, P. M.; Ruppalt, 1st International Conference on Effective Computing and L. B., and Hess, K. Deuterium passivation in CMOS Intelligent Interaction (Beijing, China, Oct. 2005). Lecture technology. 35th European Solid State Device Research Notes in Computer Science 964-971 (2005). Conference (Grenoble, France, Sep. 2005). Proceedings of Zeng, Z., Tu, J., Pianfetti, B., Liu, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, the Electrochemical Society 135-143 (2005). Z., Huang, T. S., and Levinson, S. Audio-visual affect recognition through multi-stream fused HMM for HCI. 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Theses Vision and Pattern Recognition (San Diego, CA, Jun. 2005). Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Advanced Automation Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 967-972 (2005). Arora, H. A robust nonparametric estimation framework for implicit image models. M.S. thesis, N. Zhang, Z., Xu, X., and Huang, T. Indecisive classifier. Ahuja, advisor (2005). 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (Amsterdam, Netherlands, Jul. 2005). Proceedings Bhattacharya, S. Optimal paths for landmark-based of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia navigation by nonholonomic vehicles with field-of-view and Expo (2005). constraints. M.S. thesis, S. A. Hutchinson, advisor (2005).
Zhou, J. and Do, M. N. Multichannel FIR exact Briassouli, A. Fusion of frequency and spatial domain deconvolution in multiple variables. 2005 IEEE information for motion analysis. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal advisor (2005). Processing (Philadelphia, PA, Mar. 2005). Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Gao, C. Calibration of a head-mounted projective Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 4, 1001-1004 (2005). display for augmented reality system. M.S. thesis, N. Ahuja, advisor (2005). Zhou, J. and Do, M. N. Multidimensional oversampled filter banks. Wavelets XI (San Diego, CA, Jul. 2005). Wang, H. Facial expression decomposition. M.S. thesis, Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical N. Ahuja, advisor (2005). Engineering (2005). Xu, N. Shape estimation using graph cut. Ph.D. thesis, Zhou, J. and Do, M. N. Two-dimensional orthogonal N. Ahuja, advisor (2005). filter banks with directional vanishing moments. Wavelets XI (San Diego, CA, Jul. 2005). Proceedings of Yu, T. Geometric and photometric modeling of 3D SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering scenes from multiple views. Ph.D. thesis, N. Ahuja, (2005). advisor (2005).
117 Pawlowski, D. Boundary-based cellwise OPC. M.S. Advanced Processing and Circuits thesis, M. D. Wong, advisor (2005).
Kim, S. Development of iridium-based gate structure Resendiz, E. A low-energy implementation of the for InAIAs/InGaAs/InP enhancement-mode and discrete cosines transform. M.S. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, depletion-mode high electron mobility transistors. advisor (2005). Ph.D. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2005). Shim, B. Error-tolerant digital signal processing. Ph.D. Sannuti, P. Fabrication of ordered array of nanopores. thesis, N. R. Shanbhag, advisor (2005). M.S. thesis, I. Adesida, advisor (2005). Applied Computation Theory Communications Dangui, R. Adaptively induced fluctuations for Liao, I.-J. Do women score lower than men on computer multiuser diversity in cellular networks: Two- engineering examinations?. M.S. thesis, M. C. Loui, dimensional parameters and cellular interference. M.S. advisor (2005). thesis, B. Hajek, advisor (2005). Bioacoustics Eryilmaz, A. Efficient and fair scheduling for wireless networks. Ph.D. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2005). Lavarello Montero, R. J. Pulse-echo image formation using nonquadratic regularization with speckle-based Haji Ali Ahmad, S. Upper bounds to generalized images. M.S. thesis, W. D. O'Brien, advisor (2005). transport capacity of wireless networks. M.S. thesis, P. Viswanath, advisor (2005). Liu, Y. Wave propagation study using finite element analysis. M.S. thesis, W. D. O'Brien, advisor (2005). Imer, O. C. Optimal estimation and control under communication network constraints. Ph.D. thesis, T. Lovitt, A. W. Detection thresholds for one octave and Basar, advisor (2005). half octave bands of speech. M.S. thesis, J. Allen, advisor (2005). Jana, S. Unified structural view of multiterminal source coding. Ph.D. thesis, R. E. Blahut, advisor (2005). Mamou, J. Ultrasonic characterization of three animal mammary tumors from three-dimensional acoustic Jaramillo Jimenez, J. J. Padded frames: A novel tissue models. Ph.D. thesis, W. D. O'Brien, advisor (2005). algorithm for stable scheduling in load-balanced switches. M.S. thesis, R. Srikant, advisor (2005). Musick, K. Microstamped electrodes with PDMS insulator: A design towards disposable and inexpensive Li, Y. An intelligent, agent-based, spoken dialog system microelectrode arrays. M.S. thesis, B. C. Wheeler, for content-based image retrieval. Ph.D. thesis, S. E. advisor (2005). Levinson, advisor (2005).
Nam, Y. Engineering principles to design and analyze Liang, Y. Multiuser communications with relaying and patterned neuronal cultures using multielectrode user cooperation. Ph.D. thesis, V. V. Veeravalli, advisor arrays. Ph.D. thesis, B. C. Wheeler, advisor (2005). (2005).
Parent, P. Wave model of the tympanic membrane. M.S. Visvanathan, A. Sleeping policies for energy-efficient thesis, J. Allen, advisor (2005). tracking in sensor networks. M.S. thesis, V. V. Veeravalli, advisor (2005).
Circuits Watson, C. Architecture and logic design of a high- speed Reed-Solomon decoder. M.S. thesis, D. Sarwate, Barnes, R. P. Modeling and parameter extraction for advisor (2005). ESD circuit simulation. M.S. thesis, E. Rosenbaum, advisor (2005).
118 Computer Engineering Digital Signal and Imaging Processing
Bray, N. Game architecture patterns. M.S. thesis, J. H. Deller, T. W. Improved generalized series spectroscopic Patel, advisor (2005). imaging in the presence of uncertain boundary constraints. M.S. thesis, Z. Liang, advisor (2005). Chu, B. Improving IEEE 802.11 performance with power control and distance-based contention window Haldar, J. P. Sparse matrix formulations for fast image selection. M.S. thesis, N. H. Vaidya, advisor (2005). reconstruction in multichannel MRI. M.S. thesis, Z. Liang, advisor (2005). Lai, L. New techniques for logic built-in self-test. Ph.D. thesis, J. H. Patel, advisor (2005). Xu, D. Optimal K-space sampling on the Cartesian grid for sensitivity-encoded parallel magnetic resonance Lindemann, S. R. Optimal incremental grid sampling. imaging. M.S. thesis, Z. Liang, advisor (2005). M.S. thesis, S. M. Lavalle (Computer Science), advisor (2005). Electromagnetics Yang, X. Efficient packet scheduling in wireless multihop networks. Ph.D. thesis, N. H. Vaidya, advisor Chung, J. Low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) (2005). bandpass filter and integrated passives design. M.S. thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, advisor (2005).
Decision and Control Cung, G. Design and analysis of wideband canted sector antennas for use in aperiodic arrays. M.S. thesis, J. T. Alpcan, T. Noncooperative games for control of Bernhard, advisor (2005). networked systems. Ph.D. thesis, M. T. Basar, advisor (2005). Dunn, E. A. A higher-order finite element-boundary integral method for electromagnetic scattering and Chen, M. Modeling and control of complex stochastic radiation from bodies of revolution. Ph.D. thesis, J. Jin, networks, with applications to manufacturing systems advisor (2005). and electric power transmission networks. Ph.D. thesis, S. P. Meyn, advisor (2005). Gao, R. Black box modeling of passive systems by rational function approximation. Ph.D. thesis, J. E. Herring, D. C. Asynchronous trajectory control for a Schutt-Aine, advisor (2005). walking robot. M.S. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2005). Ihm, J.-Y. Comprehensive electromagnetic approach Hoke, S. FAI-EDF: Development and testing of a real- for modeling of on-chip power grid switching. Ph.D. time wireless MAC protocol. M.S. thesis, P. R. Kumar, thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, advisor (2005). advisor (2005). Kerby, K. C. Sidelobe level and wideband behavior of Holm, J. K. Control of passive dynamic robots using arrays of random subarrays. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, artificial potential energy fields. M.S. thesis, M. W. advisor (2005). Spong, advisor (2005). Kollia, V. Modeling of one-dimensional transient Jones, K. A. On the simulation of coupled oscillators. electromagnetic wave propagation using Chebyshev M.S. thesis, M. W. Spong, advisor (2005). pseudospectral methods. M.S. thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, advisor (2005). Sundaram, S. Observers for linear systems with unknown inputs. M.S. thesis, C. N. Hadjicostis, advisor Li, Y. Vector dual-primal finite element tearing and (2005). interconnecting method for solving 3-D electromagnetic problems. M.S. thesis, J. Jin, advisor (2005).
119 Martin, J. M. Efficiency of an electrically small Schloss, R. Novel IC temperature sensors based on the monopole for animal tracking. M.S. thesis, J. T. recently developed NPN-heterostructure bipolar light- Bernhard, advisor (2005). emitting transistor and transistor laser technology. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). Ramachandran, A. An FFT-accelerated QMR iterative solver for the mixed-potential integral equation with multiple right-hand sides. M.S. thesis, A. C. Cangellaris, Magnetic Resonance advisor (2005). Zhang, X. Simultaneous integrated functional magnetic Roach, T. L. A comparative study of diversity gain and resonance imaging and optical tomography in the near spatial coverage: Fixed versus reconfigurable antennas infrared spectrum (SINFONIS) for studying for portable devices. M.S. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor hemodynamic and neuronal responses in the human (2005). brain. Ph.D. thesis, A. G. Webb, advisor (2005). Sorenson, G. E. Huygens' surfaces and physical optics Optical Imaging using OpenGL in the solution of scattering problems. M.S. thesis, W. C. Chew, advisor (2005). Pasquesi, J. J. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography: Design, development, and Yilmaz, A. E. Parallel FFT-accelerated time-domain implementation. M.S. thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor integral equation solvers for electromagnetic analysis. (2005). Ph.D. thesis, E. Michielssen, advisor (2005). Sun, J. The theory of near-field scanning optical Zhang, S. A pattern reconfigurable microstrip parasitic tomography. M.S. thesis, P. S. Carney, advisor (2005). array: Theory, design, and applications. Ph.D. thesis, J. T. Bernhard, advisor (2005). Xu, C. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography: Mechanisms, methodology, and applications. Ph.D. High Frequency Devices thesis, S. A. Boppart, advisor (2005).
Chan, R. T. Three-port modulation of indium gallium Zhou, M. Phase retrieval with radially dependent noise. phosphide/gallium arsenide transistor lasers. Ph.D. M.S. thesis, P. S. Carney, advisor (2005). thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). Optical Physics and Engineering Chu-Kung, B. F. Development of high-speed, type-II, GaAsSb/InP, double-heterojunction bipolar Block, I. D. Modeling, optimization, fabrication, and transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). characterization of enhanced sensitivity photonic crystal optical biosensors. M.S. thesis, B. T. Elkow, J. M. Data acquisition and analysis of light Cunningham, advisor (2005). output form indium phosphide–based light-emitting transistors. M.S. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). Hafez, J. M. Modulation technique for magneto-optic imaging of weak magnetic fields with rare-earth iron Hafez, W. M. Submicron scaling of indium phosphide/ garnet films. Ph.D. thesis, J. G. Eden, advisor (2005). indium gallium arsenide heterojunction bipolar transistors toward terahertz bandwidths. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). Optoelectronics
He, Q. High-speed SiGe BiCMOS and InP DHBT Chuang, M. M. H. Portable optoelectronic imaging receiver ICs for optical and wireless communications. sensor for chemical colorimeteric-array detection. M.S. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor (2005).
Lai, J.-W. Large-signal HBT model and integrated Danner, A. J. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers circuit design using 300-GHz InP HBT technology. operating in photonic crystal waveguide defect modes. Ph.D. thesis, M. Feng, advisor (2005). Ph.D. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2005).
120 Li, J. Antimonide-based type II quantum-well infrared Tate, J. E. A comparison of the optimal multiplier in photodetectors. Ph.D. thesis, S. L. Chuang, advisor polar and rectangular coordinates. M.S. thesis, T. J. (2005). Overbye, advisor (2005).
Long, C. Characterization of vertical-cavity surface- Westendorf, B. A. Stochastic transmission revenues. emitting lasers for frequency standard applications. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, advisor (2005). M.S. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2005). Yilmaz, A. E. FFT-based algorithms for fast analysis of Raftery, J. J. Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers transient electromagnetic scattering. M.S. thesis, P. W. operating with multiple photonic crystal defect cavities. Sauer, advisor (2005). Ph.D. thesis, K. D. Choquette, advisor (2005).
Samakkulam, K. U. Microfluidic photonic crystal Reliable and High-Performance vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. M.S. thesis, K. D. Computing Choquette, advisor (2005). Barnes, R. D. Multiple-pass pipelining: Enhancing in- Power and Energy Systems order microarchitectures to out-of-order performance. Ph.D. thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2005). Chieh, J. Analysis of the contribution of reactive power as the limiting factor in blackout situations. M.S. thesis, Basile, C. Intrusion and fault tolerance for wireline and P. W. Sauer, advisor (2005). wireless networks. Ph.D. thesis, R. K. Iyer, advisor (2005). Davis, C. Cascading contingency severity evaluation using linear factors. M.S. thesis, T. J. Overbye, advisor Dabrowski, M. J. The design of a software system for a (2005). small space satellite. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2005). Kwasinski, A. Combined inverter design and motor selection to meet 42-V automotive system targets. M.S. Daly, D. Bounded aggregation techniques to solve large thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2005). Markov models. Ph.D. thesis, W. H. Sanders, advisor (2005). Liu, M. A framework for congestion management analysis. Ph.D. thesis, G. Gross, advisor (2005). Fahs, B. Dynamic optimization in hardware. Ph.D. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2005). Mossoba, J. T. Modeling and control of multiphase DC– DC converters with linkages to hybrid control. Ph.D. Farris, J. Marianas: Survivable trust for critical thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2005). infrastructure. M.S. thesis, D. M. Nicol, advisor (2005).
Musunuri, S. Development of monolithic DC–DC Grzywacz, J. E. Dynamically dead regions. M.S. thesis, converters. Ph.D. thesis, P. L. Chapman, advisor (2005). S. J. Patel, advisor (2005).
O'Connell, T. C. Development of an automated first- Ihde, M. A. Experimental evaluations of embedded principles design tool for electromechanical devices. distributed firewalls: Performance and policy. M.S. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2005). thesis, W. H. Sanders, advisor (2005).
Pitel, G. E. Performance analysis of lithium ion Kothari, L. The design of a nonvolatile processor using batteries. M.S. thesis, P. T. Krein, advisor (2005). magnetoelectronic devices. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2005). Raczkowski, B. C. Doubly fed induction machine analysis for power flow control. M.S. thesis, P. W. Sauer, Miller, B. The masked-history predictor: A two-level advisor (2005). branch predictor with selective global history. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor (2005). Ruiz, P. A. A proposed design for a short-term resource adequacy program. M.S. thesis, G. Gross, advisor (2005).
121 Nystrom, E. M. Fulcra pointer analysis framework. Hagen, C. Software-defined radio design in LabVIEW. Ph.D. thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2005). M.S. thesis, S. J. Franke, advisor (2005).
Player, J. W. An evaluation of low-overhead partial flow Hwang, A. D. Temperature estimation using meteor sensitivity. M.S. thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2005). echo decay times in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. M. S. thesis, S. J. Franke, advisor (2005). Rafacz, T. M. Spawn point prediction for a polyflow processor. M.S. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2005). Mukhopadhyay, C. Booster amplification at 1064 nm in a fiber-laser lidar transmitter for frequency triple Sachdeva, K. Load values and the branches that use operation near 355 nm. M.S. thesis, G. R. Swenson, them. M.S. thesis, S. J. Patel, advisor (2005). advisor (2005).
Sias, J. W. A systematic approach to delivering Tang, J. Studies of atmosphere gravity waves in the instruction-level parallelism in EPIC systems. Ph.D. mesopause region using airglow imaging. Ph.D. thesis, thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2005). G. R. Swenson, advisor (2005).
Simon, J. E. Global dynamic voltage scaling for on-chip networks. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2005). Semiconductor Lasers
Steiner, I. Future compilation requirements for Niu, X. Narrow linewidth-distributed Bragg reflector emerging driving general-purpose applications. M.S. lasers operating at 850 nm. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman, thesis, W. W. Hwu, advisor (2005). advisor (2005).
Tucknott, M. Reuse of previously fetched instructions Tasci, M. Design of multiple quantum-well patterned through the use of a reorder buffer cache. M.S. thesis, quantum dot lasers. M.S. thesis, J. J. Coleman, advisor M. I. Frank, advisor (2005). (2005).
Vetteth, A. Hardware implementation of an in- Verma, V. Numerical simulation of electronic and processor reliability and security engine. M.S. thesis, R. structural properties of cylindrical quantum dots. M.S. K. Iyer, advisor (2005). thesis, J. J. Coleman, advisor (2005). Wang, C.-W. Employing pipelining to tolerate wire Semiconductor Physics latencies in a clustered programmable-reconfigurable processor. M.S. thesis, N. P. Carter, advisor (2005). Lu, M. 3D self-consistent simulation of single-qubit operation by modulation of the hyperfine interaction in Woley, K. Wakeup-set scheduling for large instruction phosphorus-doped MOS structure. M.S. thesis, J. window processors. M.S. thesis, M. I. Frank, advisor Leburton, advisor (2005). (2005). Nawaz, M. Optic phonon-limited hole mobility in silicon Remote Sensing nanowires: Continuous versus quantized modes. M.S. thesis, J. Leburton, advisor (2005). Bruggemann, J. A. Sensor development for Maui MALT enterprise lidar. M.S. thesis, G. R. Swenson, advisor Wang, X. Modeling the effect of channel water on ion (2005). transport using Monte Carlo scattering. M.S. thesis, K. Hess, advisor (2005). Cantzler, R. M. Widespread wildlife tracking via multilateration with sub-microsecond accuracy. M.S. Semiconductors thesis, G. R. Swenson, advisor (2005). Aksamija, Z. Monte Carlo simulation of heat generation Cheng, J. Third-order distortion and gain analysis for in silicon, including the full phonon dispersion. M.S. MOS mixers. M.S. thesis, S. J. Franke, advisor (2005). thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2005).
122 Bulkowski, M. Electrical characterization of gallium Narla, D. Extraction of direct sound and reflectivity arsenide structures bonded with spin-on-glass. M.S. from room impulse responses. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, thesis, K. Hsieh, advisor (2005). advisor (2005).
Chen, J. Micromachined, out-of-plane microflow Nelson, J. Mitigating the effects of intersymbol sensors. Ph.D. thesis, C. Liu, advisor (2005). interference: Algorithms and analysis. Ph.D. thesis, A. C. Singer, advisor (2005). Heng, J. B. Detecting DNA using silicon nanopores and 20- to 40-nm gate-length RFNMOSFET. Ph.D. thesis, Petrovic, N. Graphical models for video understanding. G. L. Timp, advisor (2005). Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2005).
Kathawala, G. A. Monte Carlo simulation of silicon Sethi, A. Interaction between modules in learning devices. Ph.D. thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2005). systems for vision applications. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2005). Kline, J. S. Silicon nanoelectronic devices fabricated by ultra-high vacuum, scanning tunneling microscope Zheng, Y. Acoustic modeling and feature selection for nanolithography. Ph.D. thesis, J. R. Tucker, advisor speech recognition. Ph.D. thesis, M. A. Hasegawa- (2005). Johnson, advisor (2005).
Mohamed, M. Monte Carlo simulation of nonlocal Zhou, H. Visual tracking and recognition of the human effects in electronic devices. M.S. thesis, U. Ravaioli, hand. Ph.D. thesis, T. S. Huang, advisor (2005). advisor (2005). Zhou, J. Multidimensional multirate systems: Ravishankar, R. Simulation of nanoscale silicon devices Characterization, design, and applications. Ph.D. thesis, with combined Monte Carlo/quantum approaches. M. N. Do, advisor (2005). M.S. thesis, U. Ravaioli, advisor (2005).
Shaikh, K. A. A modular microfluidic architecture for Thin Films and Charged Particles integrated biochemical analysis. M.S. thesis, C. Liu, Gu, W. Investigation of free-standing copper nanowires advisor (2005). grown by chemical vapor deposition: Fundamental Wang, X. Microelectromechanical and microfluidic properties and applications. M.S. thesis, K. Kim, advisor systems for scanning probe lithography. Ph.D. thesis, C. (2005). Liu, advisor (2005).
Zhang, Z. Indium phosphide–based indium arsenide Awards and Honors quantum dot infrared photodetectors. Ph.D. thesis, K. Cheng, advisor (2005). Ilesanmi Adesida Scientific Member, Bohmische Physical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Signal and Image Processing (IEEE) Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding El Choubassi, M. M. Novel algorithms for sensitivity Advising, University of Illinois, 1993, 1999 analysis attacks. M.S. thesis, P. Moulin, advisor (2005). Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Electronic Device Society, 1977-1999 Jiang, Y. An information theoretic study on linear University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997, 1999 dispersion codes and low-density parity-check codes. Associate Member, Center for Advanced Study, Ph.D. thesis, A. C. Singer, advisor (2005). 2000-2001 Kim, S.-H. Texture classification using a polymer-based Narendra Ahuja MEMS tactile sensor. M.S. thesis, D. L. Jones, advisor Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of (2005). Science Fellow, American Association for Artificial Intelligence
123 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Tangul Basar Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, International Association for Pattern Recognition Engineers (IEEE) Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering Faculty Initiate Eta Kappa Nu, 1990 University Scholar, University of Illinois Tokten Fellow, United Nations, 1991 Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for Engineering Council Advisors List for Excellence in Advanced Study, 1990-1991 Advising, University of Illinois, 1997 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 1998 James Beauchamp, Emeritus Donald Biggar Willet Professorship, University of Illinois Fellow, Audio Engineering Society, 1981 College of Engineering, 1999 Past President, International Computer Music Association, Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their 1981-1983 Students, 2002 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America, 1999
Jont Allen Jennifer Bernhard IBM Faculty Award, 2004 New Faculty Fellow, Sloan, 1997 Faculty Fellow, NASA-ASEE, 1999, 2000 Tamer Basar Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Member, National Academy of Engineering Award, National Science Foundation, 2000 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Anderson Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, (IEEE) University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2000 Fellow, International Federation of Automatic Control Collins Scholar, University of Illinois College of (IFAC) Engineering, 2000 Member, European Academy of Sciences Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics President, International Society of Dynamic Games, Engineers (IEEE), 2001 1990-1992, 1992-1994 Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois Editor, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, College of Engineering, 2002-2005 1992-1994 Accenture Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Advanced Study, 1993-1994 2004 Nearing Distinguished Professor of Electrical and H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award, IEEE Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 1998- Antennas and Propagation Society, 2004 Zaborszky Lecturer, Washington University, St. Louis, 1999 Stephen G. Bishop IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2000 Science NASA "Revolutionize Aviation Goal" Award, 2001 Fellow, American Physical Society Honorary Editor, J. Applied and Computational Fellow, Optical Society of America Mathematics, 2002- Board of Trustees, Gettysburg College, 1992- Penner Distinguished Lecturer, University of California, San Diego, 2003 Richard Blahut Editor-in-Chief, Automatica, 2004- Member, National Academy of Engineering, 1990 Tau Beta Pi Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, Fellow, IBM, 1980 University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize, IEEE Control Systems 1981 Society, 2004 Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Giorgio Quazza Medal, IFAC, 2005 1982 Outstanding Service Award, IFAC, 2005 Henry Magnuski Professor, 2000 Professor, Center for Advanced Study, University of Daniel C. Drucker Eminent Faculty Award, University of Illinois, 2005- Illinois College of Engineering, 2000 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Claude E. Shannon Award, 2005
124 Stephen Boppart Keh-Yung Cheng Fellow, Whitaker Foundation, 2001 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Young Faculty Award, American Association of (IEEE), 2001 Anatomists, 2001 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Xerox Faculty Award for Research, University of Illinois Science (AAAS), 2004 College of Engineering, 2002 Ministry of Education Distinguished Visiting Chair Top 100 Young Innovators in the World, Technology Professor, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Review Magazine's, 2002 Taiwan, 2003-2004 Everitt Award for Teaching Excellence, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2003, 2005 Weng C. Chew Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Award, National Science Foundation, 2004 (IEEE), 1993- Young Alumni Achievement Award, University of Illinois Founder Professorship, University of Illinois College of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, 1999-2005 2005 Graduate Teaching Award, IEEE, 2000 Tau Beta Pi Outstanding Alumni Award, University of Schelkunoff Best Paper Award, IEEE-TAP, 2001 Illinois, 2005 Campus Award for Excellence in Professional Teaching, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) University of Illinois, 2001 Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Early ISI Most Highly Cited Author (top 0.5%), 2002- Career Achievement Award, 2005 Fellow, Optical Society of America, 2003- Fellow, Institute of Physics, 2004 Yoram Bresler Y. T. Lo Endowed Chair Professor, University of Illinois Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, (IEEE) 2005- Technion Fellowship, 1995-1996 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE AP, 2005- University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999 Cheng Tsang Man Visiting Professor, Nanyang Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Technological University, Singapore, 2006- Study, 2001-2002 IBM Faculty Award, 2006
Donna J. Brown Yun Chiu Outstanding Young Woman of America, 1984 CalView Teaching Fellow Award, University of California College of Engineering, 2003 Marie-Christine Brunet Jack Kilby Outstanding Student Paper Award, Anderson Consulting Outstanding Faculty Adviser, 2000 International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2004 College of Engineering Advisors Lists, 2003, 2004 Kent Choquette Andreas Cangellaris Fellow, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Optical Society of America (IEEE) Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical Outstanding Technical Paper Award, 3rd Electronics Society, 2000-2001 Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), Singapore, Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE/Laser and Electro-Optical 2000 Society, 2001-2002 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Nicholas Carter University of Illinois, 2004 Distinguished Paper Award, International Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 2000 Shun L. Chuang Fellow, American Physical Society Patrick Chapman Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) (IEEE) Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grainger Associate, 2002- Fellow, Optical Society of America
125 EPSRC Fellow, Visiting Professor at Cavendish Fellow, Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering Excellence Award, Optical Society of (IEEE) America Honorary Member, Japan Society for Ultrasound in Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Medicine Study, 1995 Honorary Member, Rochester Center for Biomedical Sabbatical Chair, Sony Research Center, Japan, 1995 Ultrasound Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE Lasers and Electro- Research Fellow, National Institutes of Health optics Society (LEOS), 2004-2005 Eleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Fellow, American Cancer Society, 1982-1983 Paul D. Coleman, Emeritus Senior Fellow, Fulbright-Hays, 1982-1983 Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1982, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1996 (IEEE) University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1988 Fellow, Optical Society of America Fogarty International Fellow, 1990 Honorary Doctor of Science, Susquehanna University Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, American Association Advancement of Science Engineers, 2000 Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 James G. Eden James J. Coleman Aron Kressel Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Engineers Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2005 Science Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (IEEE) Fellow, Optical Society of America Fellow, Optical Society of America Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced IEEE LEOS William Streifer Scientific Achievement Study, 1987-1988 Award Board of Governors, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE, 1997-1998, 1998-1999 Society, 1990-1993 Franklin Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Associate Editor, Photonics Technology Letters, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2002 1990-1994 Vice President (Technical Affairs), IEEE Lasers and Minh Do Electro-Optics Society, 1993-1995 Best Doctoral Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Technology Lausanne, 2001 1996-2002 Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award, Editor, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum National Science Foundation, 2003 Electronics, 1996 Best Paper Award at the Institute of Electrical and James F. Towey University Scholar, University of Illinois, Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference 1996-1999 on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005 President, IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS), 1998 Floyd Dunn, Emeritus Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Member, National Academy of Engineering Illinois Department of Electrical and Computer Member, National Academy of Sciences Engineering, 2000 Fellow and Past President, Acoustical Society of America IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Faculty Advisors List, University of Illinois College of Science Engineering, 2001, 2004 Fellow, American Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Awards Chair, IEEE LEOS, 2003, 2004 Biology Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE LEOS, 2003-2005 Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Fellow (founding), International Academy for Medical and Biological Engineering
126 Milton Feng Recognized Reviewer of Institute of Electrical and Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transaction on (IEEE) Automatic Control, 2001 Fellow, Optical Society of America Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1998 Department, 2003 Associate Member, University of Illinois Center for Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Advanced Study, 1998 University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2004 Outstanding Research Award, Dr. Pan Wen Yuan Willett Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois College of Foundation, Taiwan, 2000 Engineering, 2005 Nick Holonyak, Jr. Professorship, University of Illinois, Senior Member, IEEE, 2005 2000-2005 Best Student Paper Award, International GaAs Bruce E. Hajek Manufacturing Conference, 2003 Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Steven J. Franke (IEEE) Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Beckman Associate, University of Illinois Center for Engineers Advanced Study, 1984 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1986 Leon A. Frizzell Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1992 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America President, IEEE Information Theory Society, 1995 Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Engineering Award, 2003 Fellow, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Ibrahim Hajj, Emeritus Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding (IEEE) Advising, University of Illinois, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Best Paper Award, Southwest Symposium on Mixed- Signal Design, 1999 Chester S. Gardner Golden Jubilee Award, IEEE Circuits and Systems Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Society, 1999 Science Meritorious Service Award, University of Illinois, 2001 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Administrative Vice President, IEEE Circuits and Systems (IEEE) Society, 2000, 2001, 2002 Fellow, Optical Society of America R. V. Pole Memorial Plenary Lecturer, IEEE/OSA Mark Hasegawa-Johnson Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 1991 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics CEDAR Prize Lecture, National Science Foundation, 1996 Engineers (IEEE) F. V. Hunt Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Acoustical George Gross Society of America, 1996-1997 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) (IEEE) Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 Grainger Professor in Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1993-1998 Karl Hess Member, National Academy of Engineering, 2001 Christoforos Hadjicostis Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2003 Fellow, Josephine de Karman Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow, National Semiconductor Corporation Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Fellow, Grass Instrument Company Science Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Award, National Science Foundation, 2001 (IEEE) Fellow, American Physical Society
127 Louis A. Fridrich University Scholar, 1993 Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Swanlund Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Fellow, Optical Society of America (SPIE) University of Illinois, 1996- Fellow, The International Optical Society Professor, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Fellow, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, 1971 Study, 1998- Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Heinrich Welker Memorial Award, 2001 Study, 1990 Honorary Doctor of Sciences, ETH Zuerich, 2003 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1990 Fujitsu Endowed Chair Visiting Professor, University of Nick Holonyak, Jr. Tokyo, 1993 Member, National Academy of Engineering IEEE Signal Processing Society Distinguished Lecturer, Member, National Academy of Sciences 1993-1994 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences William L. Everitt Distinguished Professor, University of Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Illinois, 1996- Engineers (IEEE) Peter H. Bartels Visiting Professor, University of Fellow, Optical Society of America Washington, 1997 Fellow, American Physical Society Center for Advanced Study Professor, University of Member, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003- John Scott Medal, City of Philadelphia, 1975 Honored as a Pioneer in Signal Processing at the IEEE Edison Medal, IEEE, 1989 ICASSP, 1998 National Medal of Science, 1990 Honda Lifetime Achievement Award, 2000 Honorary Doctor of Science, Northwestern University, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 1992 IEEE Jack Kilby Medal, 2001 Honorary Member, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, St. King-Sun Fu Prize, International Association Pattern Petersburg, Russia, 1992 Recognition, 2002 Centennial Medal, American Society for Engineering Pan Wen-Yuan Foundation Outstanding Research Award, Education, 1993 2002 John Bardeen Chair Professor of Electrical and Computer IBM Faculty Award, 2002, 2003 Engineering and of Physics, University of Illinois, 1993- Tau Beta Pi Daniel Drucker Eminent Engineering Faculty Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Notre Dame University, Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1994 2005 Fellow, International Engineering Consortium Okawa Award for Information and Telecommunication Eminent Member of Eta Kappa Nu Technology, 2005 Distinguished Alumnus of Tau Beta Pi Scientist of the Year Award, IS&T and SPIE Electronic Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Imaging, 2006 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Frederic Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America, Wen-Mei Hwu 2001 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers National Medal of Technology, 2002 (IEEE) Fellow, American Association Advancement Science IEEE Computer Society Certificate of Appreciation, for IEEE Medal of Honor, 2003 Service as Both General and Program Chair for the Global Energy International Prize, 2003 Silver Anniversary MICRO Conference Washington Award, Western Society of Engineers, 2004 Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery Lemelson-MIT Prize, 2004 Intel Associate Professor, University of Illinois Electrical Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society, 2004 and Computer Engineering Department, 1992-1993 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1994 Thomas S. Huang Franklin W. Woeltge Professorship, University of Illinois Member, National Academy of Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2000 Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Engineering Tau Beta Pi Daniel Drucker Eminent Engineering Faculty Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Sciences Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2001 (IEEE) Computerworld Medal Honors, 2002 Fellow, International Association of Pattern Recognition
128 Faculty Outstanding Teaching Award, University of Farzad Kamalabadi Illinois Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Department, 2002 Award, National Science Foundation, 2002 Sanders III Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Endowed Chair, University of Illinois Electrical and Computer Sung-Mo Kang, Emeritus Engineering Department, 2003 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Ravishankar K. Iyer Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Foreign Member, National Academy of Engineering of (IEEE) Korea Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, 1991 Science SRC Inventor Recognition Award, 1993, 1996, 2002 Associate Fellow, American Institute of Aeronautics and Series Editor, Elsevier, 1994-1997 Astronautics Charles Marshall University Scholar, University of Distinguished Visitor, IEEE, 1989- Illinois, 1995 List for Outstanding Advising, University of Illinois Technical Excellence Award, Semiconductor Research Engineering Council Advisors, 1994, 1996, 2001 Corp., 1999 Distinguished Service Certificate, American Institute of Golden Jubilee Medal, IEEE CAS Society, 1999 Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997 IEEE Millennium Medal, 2000 George and Ann Fisher Distinguished Professor, Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of California– University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1998- Berkeley 2001 Emanuel R. Piore Award, IEEE, 2001 President, Silicon Valley Engineering Council, 2002
Kanti Jain Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim Member, Board of Directors, International Society for Overseas Member, National Academy of Engineering, Optical Engineering (SPIE), 1992-1994 Korea, 2002 Member, Executive Committee, Board of Directors, SPIE, 1992, 1993 Ralf Koetter Editor, Microlithography World, Pennwell Publishing Co-Editor-in-Chief, Special Issue of the IEEE Company and SPIE, 1992-2004 Transactions on Information Theory Publications Chair, International Society for Optical Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Engineering, 1992, 1993 Communications, 1999-2000 Fellow, International Society for Optical Engineering, Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Information 1993 Theory, 2000- Founding Member, Department of Physics Advisory Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Board, University of Illinois, 1998-2002 Award, National Science Foundation, 2000 Fellow, Optical Society of America, 1999 Incomplete List of Teachers Rated Excellent, 2000 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Collins Scholar, 2000 2005 IBM Partnership Award, 2001 Willet Faculty Scholar, University of Illinois, 2002 Jianming Jin Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Philip T. Krein Xerox Award for Faculty Research, University of Illinois Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers College of Engineering, 1997, 2000 (IEEE) Henry Magnuski Outstanding Young Scholar, 1998-2000 William E. Newell Power Electronics Award, IEEE Grainger Endowed Director's Chair in Electric Machinery Douglas L. Jones and Electromechanics Fulbright Fellowship, 1987 Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1995-2002 Fulbright Scholar, 1997-1998 Past President, IEEE Power Electronics Society
129 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1999-2002 Young Author Prize, International Federation of Division II Director, IEEE, 2003-2004 Automatic Control, 2002 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics Society Chang Liu P. R. Kumar Academician, Academia Sinica, 1998 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) (IEEE) Award, National Science Foundation, National Science Franklin W. Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Foundation, 2000 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2000- Field Award, Control Systems, IEEE Michael C. Loui Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Jean-Pierre Leburton (IEEE) Member, New York Academy of Science University Distinguished Teacher/Scholar Fellow, American Association for Advancement of Carnegie Scholar, Carnegie Foundation for the Science Advancement of Teaching Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, Electro Chemical Society Steven Lumetta Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Fellow, Optical Society of America Award, National Science Foundation, 2000 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study Joseph W. Lyding Hitachi Ltd. Quantum Materials Chair, Research Center IBM Postdoctoral Fellow, 1983 for Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for Tokyo, 1992 Advanced Study, 1987-1988 Chevalier Dans L'Ordre Des Palmes Academiques, 1994 Associate, University of Illinois Center for Advanced King Albert II of Belgium, Round Table on the "Mobility Study, 1996-1997 of European Research Scientist" European Science and Fellow, American Physical Society, 1997 Technology Commission, 2001 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1997 Inaugural Montefiore Distinguished Lecture, Penn State Fellow, American Vacuum Society, 2000 University, 2002 Gregory Stillman Professor in Electrical and Computer Sean Meyn Engineering, University of Illinois College of Fulbright Research Scholar for Research on Optimization Engineering, 2004 and Network Scheduling, 1997 Gold Medal for Scientific Achievement, 75th Anniversary of the Alumnus Association of the University of Liege, Pierre Moulin Belgium, 2004 Associate Editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Quantum Devices Award, Outstanding Achievement in the Engineers (IEEE) IEEE Transactions on Information Area of Compound Semiconductor Research, 2004 Theory, 1996-1998 Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Stephen Levinson Students, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Processing, 1999- Area Editor, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Zhi-Pei Liang 2002- University Scholar Award University of Illinois Center for Advanced Study, 2003 Beckman Fellow, University of Illinois Center for IEEE Fellow, 2003 Advanced Study, 1997 Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Henry Magnuski Scholar, University of Illinois College of Information Forensics and Security, 2005- Engineering, 1999 Board of Governors, IEEE Signal Processing Society, 2005- Daniel Liberzon Sony Faculty Award, 2005 Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Award, National Science Foundation, 2002
130 David Nicol IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Marion and Jason Whiting Fellowship, Oxford University, Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, College of 2000 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003- Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Distinguished Service Award, IEEE Ultrasonics, Best Paper Award, IPSI Studenica Conference, 2004 Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, 2003
Burks Oakley II Michael L. Oelze Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Fellow, National Institute of Health Post-Doctoral Students, 15 times, University of Illinois Research, 2002-2004 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Thomas Overbye Searle Scholar, 1982 BP Amoco Award for Innovation in Undergraduate Named "one of the most distinguished Ph.D. recipients Education, University of Illinois College of over the past 50 years," University of Michigan, Horace Engineering, 2000 H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, 1988 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Centennial Certificate, American Society for Engineering Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Education, 1993 Region 4 Power Engineering Society Outstanding Outstanding Advisor List, University of Illinois College of Engineer Award, IEEE, 2001 Engineering, 1994, 1995 Grainger Associate, University of Illinois Department of Educom Medal, 1996 Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2002 Third Millennium Medal, 2000, IEEE, 2000 Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer, University of Illinois, Fellow, American Society of Electrical Engineers (ASEE), 2001-2003 2002 Meritorious Service Award, ASEE Electrical and Janak H. Patel Computer Engineering Division, 2002 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Achievement Award, Education Society, IEEE, 2002 (IEEE) Alumni Society Merit Award, Biomedical Engineering Fellow, Association of Computing Machinery Department, University of Michigan, 2003 Donald Biggar Willet Professor, University of Illinois Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Education Society, College of Engineering, 1999 2005 Most Outstanding Achievement in Online Teaching and William R. Perkins Learning by an Individual, Sloan Consortium, 2003 Life Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) William D. O'Brien, Jr. Past President, IEEE Control Systems Society Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Distinguished Member, IEEE Control Systems Society Biological Engineering Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Fellow, Acoustical Society of America Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Control Systems Society, Fellow and Past President, American Institute of 1986-1987 Ultrasound in Medicine Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Press, 1992-1994 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers President, American Automatic Control Council, (IEEE) 1996-1997 Past President, American Institute of Ultrasound in IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Medicine NASA "Turning Goals into Reality" Award, 2001 Past President, IEEE Sonics and Ultrasonics Group Past Treasurer, World Federation of Ultrasound in Constantine D. Polychronopoulos Medicine and Biology Board of Directors, Association for Computing Machinery Honorary Member, Society of Vascular Technology SIGARCH Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Editor, International Journal of High-Speed Computing, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, 1989- Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1985-2001 Mitsubishi Endowed Professorship, University of Tokyo, Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics 1993 and Frequency Control Society, 1997-1998 Best Research Paper Award, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Supercomputing, 2000
131 N. N. Rao Academy of Electrical Engineering, University of Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Missouri-Rolla, 1996 (IEEE) Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue Edward C. Jordan Professor of Electrical and Computer University, 2004 Engineering, University of Illinois, 2003 Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999, Umberto Ravaioli 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Fellow, Institute of Physics Grainger Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Council Advisors List for Advising University of Illinois, 1998- Excellence, University of Illinois, 1994, 1996, 1998, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 2004 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Chalmers F. Sechrist, Jr., Emeritus 2003 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Elyse Rosenbaum Past President and Vice President, IEEE Education Society Best Student Paper Award (co-author, faculty advisor), IEEE Third Millennium Award, 2000 EOS/ESD Symposium, 2003 Bliss Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2005 Naresh Shanbhag Distinguished Lecturer, Institute of Electrical and William Sanders Electronics Engineers Circuits and Systems Society, Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1997-1999 Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Best Paper Award, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, Elected Member, IFIP Working Group 10.4 on 2001 Dependable Computing Member, Sigma Xi Andrew Singer Member, Eta Kappa Nu Hughes Aircraft Graduate Fellow Member, Motorola Research Visionary Board (RVB), Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) 2005 Award, National Science Foundation, 2001 Member, Advisory Board for the Computational Sciences ONR Special Research Award in Ocean Acoustics 2001 and Engineering Division (CSED) for Oak Ridge Outstanding Undergraduate Advisor Award, University of National Laboratory, 2005 Illinois College of Engineering, 2002 Elected Member, Board of Directors, ACM Sigmetrics, Willett Faculty Scholar Award, University of Illinois, 2002 2001-2003, 2005-2007 Engineering Council Award for Excellence in Advising, Mark W. Spong 2002, 2002 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Best Paper, Pacific Rim International Symposium on (IEEE) Dependable Computing, Tsukuba, Japan, 2002 Phi Beta Kappa Incomplete List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by their Visiting Professor, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium, Students, University of Illinois, 2002, 2003 1997 Donald Biggar Willett Professor of Engineering, Editor, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems University of Illinois College of Engineering, 2005 Technology, 1997-2000 Visiting Professor, National University of Singapore, 1999 Dilip V. Sarwate Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Advising, University of Illinois, 1999, 2005 (IEEE) Senior U. S. Scientist Research Prize, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 1999 Peter W. Sauer Visiting Professor, Technical University of Munich, 2000 Member, National Academy of Engineering Vice President for Publications, IEEE Control Systems Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Society, 2000-2002 (IEEE) IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 U.S. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, 1993 Southwest Mechanics Lecture Series Distinguished Honorary Professional Degree in Electrical Engineering, Speaker, 2001 University of Missouri-Rolla, 1995
132 Distinguished Member Award, IEEE Control Systems Venu Veeravalli Society, 2002 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics O. Hugo Schuck Award, American Automatic Control Engineers (IEEE), 1998 Council, 2002 Chair, IEEE Ithaca Section, 1999-2000 Donald Biggar Willet Professor of Engineering, 2003 Editor, Communications in Information and Systems John R. Ragazzini Control Education Award, American (CIS), 2000 Automatic Control Council, 2004 Associate Editor, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in President, IEEE Control Systems Society, 2005 Communications–Wireless Series, 2000-2001 Co-organizer of the National Academy of Engineering, Timothy N. Trick, Emeritus Frontiers of Engineering Conference, 2001 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Associate Editor, Detection & Estimation, IEEE Science Transactions on Information Theory, 2001-2003 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Beckman Associate for the Center for Advanced Study, (IEEE) University of Illinois, 2002-2003 Fellow, International Engineering Consortium Invited Participant in the National Academy of Past President, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Engineering, Frontiers of Engineering Conference, 2002 Past Vice President, IEEE Publication Board Centennial Medal, IEEE, 1984 Pramod Viswanath IEEE Board of Directors, 1986-1989 Eliahu Jury Award from Department of EECS, University National Engineering Consortium Board of Directors, of California–Berkeley, 2000 1990- Bernard Friedman Award from Mathematics Department, President, National Electrical Engineering Department University of California–Berkeley, 2000 Heads Association, 1994-1995 Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Golden Jubilee Medal for Extraordinary Contributions to Award, National Science Foundation, 2003 the IEEE Circuit and Systems Society, 2000 IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 Benjamin W. Wah Alumni Award for Excellence, University of Dayton, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of School of Engineering, 2000 Science (AAAS) Outstanding Electrical Engineer Award, Purdue Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery University, 2001 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers University Research Award, Semiconductor Industry (IEEE) Association, 2002 Fellow, Society for Design and Process Science Board of Governors, Eta Kappa Nu, 2002-2005 University Scholar, University of Illinois, 1989 IEEE Distinguished Visitor, 1989-1992 John Tucker Fujitsu Visiting Chair Professor on Intelligence Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1992 Engineers (IEEE) Editor in Chief, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Fellow, American Physical Society Data Engineering, 1993-1996 Microwave Pioneer Award, IEEE, 2002 Associate Editor-in-Chief, Information Sciences, 1993- McKay Visiting Professorship, University of California, Nitin Vaidya Berkeley, 1994 Distinguished Visitor Program Speaker, Institute of Second Vice President, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer First Vice President Elect, IEEE Computer Society, 1998 Society, 1998-2001 Robert T. Chien Professor of Electrical and Computer Best Paper Award, The Eighth International Conference on Engineering, University of Illinois, 1999-2003 Personal Wireless Communications (PWC), Venice, IEEE Third Millennium Medal, 2000 2003 President, IEEE Computer Society, 2001 Editor-in-Chief, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing Sun Yun-suan Honorary Chair Professor, National and Communications Review (MC2R), 2003-2004 Tsinghua University, 2002 Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Raymond T. Yeh Life Time Achievement Award, Society Computing, 2005- for Design and Process Science, 2003
133 Franklin Woeltge Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 2004- 1st Prize, Suboptimal Temporal Metric Track, 4th Intel Planning Competition, 2004 Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on Tools for Artificial Intelligence, 2005 W. Wallace-McDowell Medal, IEEE Computer Society, 2006
Andrew Webb Engineering Council Advisors List for Outstanding Advising, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995, 1998 Guest Professorship, University of Wurzburg, 2000-2001
Bruce C. Wheeler Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Award for Excellence in Advising, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1989, 1993, 2001 Honorary Knight of St. Pat, University of Illinois College of Engineering, 1999 Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Advising, University of Illinois, 2000 Outstanding Medical Scholar Advisor, 2004
Martin Wong Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) CAD Transactions Best Paper Award, 2000 IBM Faculty Award, 2000, 2004 David Bruton Centennial Professor in Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 2001 Best-of-20-Years ICCAD Paper, 2002 IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, 2005-
Jianhua (David) Zhang Outstanding Advisor Award, University of Illinois College of Engineering and Engineering Council, 2001
134