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Origin of a Complex Key Innovation in an Obligate Insect–Plant Mutualism
Origin of a complex key innovation in an obligate insect–plant mutualism Olle Pellmyr*† and Harald W. Krenn‡ *Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University, Box 1812 Station B, Nashville, TN 37235; and ‡Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved January 30, 2002 (received for review November 2, 2001) Evolutionary key innovations give organisms access to new eco- cles to propose a possible developmental genetic basis for the logical resources and cause rapid, sometimes spectacular adaptive trait. radiation. The well known obligate pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths is a major model system for studies of The Function of the Tentacles. The pollinating yucca moth genera coevolution, and it relies on the key innovation in the moths of Tegeticula and Parategeticula constitute a monophyletic group complex tentacles used for pollen collecting and active pollination. within the Prodoxidae (Fig. 1). Jointly they contain at least 25 These structures lack apparent homology in other insects, making extant species (5), two of which are derived nonpollinating them a rare example of a novel limb. We performed anatomical and Tegeticula species that oviposit into yucca fruit created by behavioral studies to determine their origin and found evidence of coexisting pollinator species (16). The sister group Prodoxus a remarkably simple mechanism. Morphological analyses of the coexists with the pollinators on yuccas but feed as larvae on plant tentacles and adjacent mouthparts in pollinators and closely re- parts other than the seeds. Their radiation was thus directly lated taxa showed that the tentacle appears abruptly in female facilitated by the pollinator radiation. -
Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKAENAustralian Journal of Entomology1326-67562005 Australian Entomological Society 200544257278Original ArticleRevision of ScotocymaO Schmidt Australian Journal of Entomology (2005) 44, 257–278 Revision of Scotocyma Turner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) Olga Schmidt Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, D-81247, München, Germany. Abstract The Australasian genus Scotocyma Turner is revised, containing the species S. albinotata (Walker), S. legalis (Warren), S. asiatica Holloway, S. scotopepla Prout, stat. n., S. manusensis Prout, stat. n., S. mimula (Warren), stat. n. and S. miscix Prout. Scotocyma euryochra Turner, syn. n., S. idioschema Turner, syn. n., S. ischnophrica Turner, syn. n. and S. transfixa Turner, syn. n. are regarded as synonyms of S. albinotata. Four species are described as new: S. samoensis, sp. n., S. sumatrensis, sp. n., S. rutilimixta, sp. n. and S. longiuncus, sp. n. Lectotypes are designated for S. scotopepla, S. manusensis and S. miscix. All species are illustrated, and keys to species and distribution maps are provided. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to test the monophyly of the genus and to examine distribution patterns of the species. A biogeographical discussion is included. The tribal position of the genus is clarified and relationships to closely related genera are discussed. Key words Australasian region, biogeography, distribution patterns, geometrid moths, Melanesian island arcs, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Xanthorhoini. INTRODUCTION Since Turner (1922), there have been few reviews of the Australasian genera of Larentiinae. Craw (1986, 1987) revised The genus Scotocyma Turner (1904) belongs to the large sub- the New Zealand species of the genera Notoreas Meyrick and family Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The larentiine Helastia (Guenée). The Australian Anachloris Meyrick and moths have a worldwide distribution, with the highest species Australasian Chaetolopha Warren have been revised recently diversity in temperate regions. -
Origin of a Complex Key Innovation in an Obligate Insect-Plant Mutualism Author(S): Olle Pellmyr and Harald W
Origin of a Complex Key Innovation in an Obligate Insect-Plant Mutualism Author(s): Olle Pellmyr and Harald W. Krenn Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 99, No. 8 (Apr. 16, 2002), pp. 5498-5502 Published by: National Academy of Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3058521 Accessed: 24/01/2010 21:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=nas. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. National Academy of Sciences is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. -
The Little Things That Run the City How Do Melbourne’S Green Spaces Support Insect Biodiversity and Promote Ecosystem Health?
The Little Things that Run the City How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Luis Mata, Christopher D. Ives, Georgia E. Garrard, Ascelin Gordon, Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk, Kirsten Parris and Sarah A. Bekessy The Little Things that Run the City – How do Melbourne’s green spaces support insect biodiversity and promote ecosystem health? Report prepared for the City of Melbourne, November 2015 Coordinating authors Luis Mata Christopher D. Ives Georgia E. Garrard Ascelin Gordon Sarah Bekessy Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Contributing authors Anna Backstrom, Kate Cranney, Tessa R. Smith, Laura Stark, Daniel J. Bickel, Saul Cunningham, Amy K. Hahs, Dieter Hochuli, Mallik Malipatil, Melinda L Moir, Michaela Plein, Nick Porch, Linda Semeraro, Rachel Standish, Ken Walker, Peter A. Vesk and Kirsten Parris. Cover artwork by Kate Cranney ‘Melbourne in a Minute Scavenger’ (Ink and paper on paper, 2015) This artwork is a little tribute to a minute beetle. We found the brown minute scavenger beetle (Corticaria sp.) at so many survey plots for the Little Things that Run the City project that we dubbed the species ‘Old Faithful’. I’ve recreated the map of the City of Melbourne within the beetle’s body. Can you trace the outline of Port Phillip Bay? Can you recognise the shape of your suburb? Next time you’re walking in a park or garden in the City of Melbourne, keep a keen eye out for this ubiquitous little beetle. -
Tegeticula and Parategeticula; Lepidoptera, Prodoxidae)
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 297–314. With 12 figures Phylogeny of the pollinating yucca moths, with revision of Mexican species (Tegeticula and Parategeticula; Lepidoptera, Prodoxidae) OLLE PELLMYR1*, MANUEL BALCÁZAR-LARA2, KARI A. SEGRAVES3, DAVID M. ALTHOFF3 and RIK J. LITTLEFIELD4 1Department of Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA 2Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Km. 40 Autopista Colima – Manzanillo, Tecomán, Colima, 28100, Mexico 3Department of Biology, 130 College Place, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA 4Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999 K7-15, Richland WA 99352, USA Received 2 October 2006; accepted for publication 30 May 2007 The yucca moths (Tegeticula and Parategeticula; Lepidoptera, Prodoxidae) are well known for their obligate relationship as exclusive pollinators of yuccas. Revisionary work in recent years has revealed far higher species diversity than historically recognized, increasing the number of described species from four to 20. Based on field surveys in Mexico and examination of collections, we describe five additional species: T. californica Pellmyr sp. nov., T. tehuacana Pellmyr & Balcázar-Lara sp. nov., T. tambasi Pellmyr & Balcázar-Lara sp. nov., T. baja Pellmyr & Balcázar-Lara sp. nov. and P. ecdysiastica Pellmyr & Balcázar-Lara sp. nov. Tegeticula treculeanella Pellmyr is identified as a junior synonym of T. mexicana Bastida. A diagnostic key to the adults of all species of the T. yuccasella complex is provided. A phylogeny based on a 2104-bp segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytochrome oxidase I and II region supported monophyly of the two pollinator genera, and strongly supported monophyly of the 17 recognized species of the T. -
TAXON:Yucca Gloriosa L. SCORE:11.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L. SCORE: 11.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Yucca gloriosa L. Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): palmlilja Synonym(s): Yucca acuminata Sweet Spanish dagger Yucca acutifolia Truff. Yucca ellacombei Baker Yucca ensifolia Groenl. Yucca integerrima Stokes Yucca obliqua Haw. Yucca patens André Yucca plicata (Carrière) K.Koch Yucca plicatilis K.Koch Yucca pruinosa Baker Yucca tortulata Baker Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 15 Nov 2017 WRA Score: 11.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Weedy Succulent, Spine-tipped Leaves, Moth-pollinated Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 15 Nov 2017 (Yucca gloriosa L.) Page 1 of 21 TAXON: Yucca gloriosa L. -
Bronstein and Ziv 1997.Pdf
Oecologia (1997) 112:379±385 Ó Springer-Verlag 1997 Judith L. Bronstein á Yaron Ziv Costs of two non-mutualistic species in a yucca/yucca moth mutualism Received:17 July 1996 / Accepted:10 June 1997 Abstract Mutualisms often involve signi®cant costs for Introduction participants. Costs are in¯icted by mutualists them- selves, as well as by associated, non-mutualistic species. Mutualisms are interactions that confer net bene®ts on These costs are rarely quanti®ed, however, particularly two species. While the nature of these bene®ts (e.g., the ones extrinsic to the pairwise interaction. We com- pollination, seed dispersal) has long received substantial pare costs in¯icted by an obligate mutualist pollinator attention, it has been less widely recognized that mu- and two common exploiters of an Arizona yucca over a tualism can also impose substantial costs on the part- 2-year period. The magnitude of seed damage from seed ners. These include costs of locating, attracting, and/or and fruit-feeding beetle larvae (Carpophilus longus, Nit- rewarding the partners that confer bene®ts. Costs like idulidae) was similar to damage from the seed-eating these arise from forces intrinsic to the mutualistic in- larvae of Yucca schottii's pollinator moth Tegeticula teraction. Many costs of mutualism originate from ex- yuccasella (Prodoxidae), averaging about 15 seeds de- trinsic phenomena, however. For example, foraging by stroyed per fruit in each case. The two seed predators other species (e.g., nectar robbers and fruit predators) usually fed within the same fruits, although rarely side can reduce the rewards available to mutualistic partners, by side. -
Ecology and Evolution of Southeastern United States Yucca Species
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES YUCCA SPECIES by JEREMY DANIEL RENTSCH (Under the Direction of JIM LEEBENS-MACK) ABSTRACT The genus Yucca contains approximately 40 species with most diversity found in Mexico and the southwestern United States. The southeastern United States is home to three well- described yucca species: the fleshy-fruited Y. aloifolia, the capsular-fruited Y. filamentosa, and Y. gloriosa – with a fruit type that does not follow convention. Yucca species are perhaps best known for the obligate pollination mutualism they share with moths in the genera Tegeticula and Parategeticula. Such interactions are thought to be highly specialized, restricting gene flow between species and even make evolutionary reversions to generalist life history characterizes impossible. Here, we show that Y. gloriosa is an intersectional, homploid, hybrid species produced by the crossing of Y. aloifolia and Y. filamentosa. We go on to show that Y. aloifolia has escaped from the obligate pollination mutualism and is being pollinated diurnally by the introduced European honey bee, Apis mellifera – an observation that directly refutes the idea that highly specialized species interactions lead to evolutionary dead ends. Finally, we utilized high throughput sequencing a biotinylated probe set in order to sequence many genes of interest in Y. aloifolia, laying the ground work to better understand its introduction history and pattern of pollinator association. INDEX WORDS: Yucca, hybrid speciation, population genetics, obligate mutualism ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES YUCCA SPECIES by JEREMY DANIEL RENTSCH BS, Kent State University, 2007 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2013 © 2013 Jeremy D. -
Annual Report 2016-17
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Annual Report 2016-17 www.tmag.tas.gov.au Contents Statement of compliance 2 Appendix 4 29 Board of Trustees 2 Acquisitions and donations 29 Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery 3 Appendix 5 40 Audience Engagement statistics 40 Chairman’s report 4 Appendix 6 41 Director’s report 6 Collections and Research statistics 41 Organisational structure 8 Appendix 7 42 Reports 9 External financial support 42 Strategic outcome 1 10 Appendix 8 43 A welcoming physical and virtual destination 10 External lectures and presentations 43 Strategic outcome 2 13 Appendix 9 44 Strong collections that tell Tasmania’s stories 13 Research publications and articles 44 Strategic outcome 3 19 Appendix 10 46 An involved community 19 External duties 46 Strategic outcome 4 23 Appendix 11 47 Transformational use of resources 23 Research supervision 47 Appendices 25 Financial report 48 Appendix 1 26 Certification of Financial Statements 49 The Foundation of the Tasmanian Museum Independent Auditor’s Report 50 and Art Gallery 26 Statement of Comprehensive Income 53 Appendix 2 27 Statement of Financial Position 54 The Friends of the Tasmanian Museum Statement of Cash Flows 55 and Art Gallery 27 Statement of Changes in Equity 56 Appendix 3 28 Notes to and forming part of the Financial The TMAGgots 28 Statements for the year ended 30 June 2017 57 Cover image: Visitors examining artworks in the Tempest exhibition, June-November 2016 Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery © State of Tasmania October 2017 ISSN 0311-3663 Disclaimer The information contained within the Annual Report 2016-17 is considered to be correct at the time of publication. -
Gayanazoo 81(2)
Gayana 81(2):81(2), 64-99,2017 2017. ISSN 0717-652X Original Article Phylogenetic study of the genera of Trichopterygini from Austral South America (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): a new classifi cation Estudio fi logenético de los géneros de Trichopterygini de Sudamérica Austral (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): una nueva clasifi cación LUIS E. PARRA1, HÉCTOR A. VARGAS2, MARÍA-JOSÉ SANZANA1 & CRISTIÁN E. HERNÁNDEZ1 1Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográfi cas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, CHILE. e-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica, Chile. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Phylogenetic study of the genera of South American Austral Trichopterygini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a new classifi cation. In this work, we evaluate the taxonomy of the Trichopterygini in Chile based on a phylogenetic analysis of the morphological attributes. In our analysis, we used Tatosoma and Sauris as outgroups. Two approaches were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships: 1) parsimony criterion, and 2) Bayesian inference. Parsimony analysis was conducted in PAUP software, and Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo using the BayesPhylogenies software. Our results based on the phylogenetic hypothesis suggest a new taxonomic order for Trichopterygini of the Andean Region of Southern South America. The valid genera are: Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, -
Foliage Insect Diversity in Dry Eucalypt Forests in Eastern Tasmania
Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 136, 2002 17 FOLIAGE INSECT DIVERSITY IN DRY EUCALYPT FORESTS IN EASTERN TASMANIA by H.J. Elliott, R. Bashford, S.J. Jarman and M.G. Neyland (with four tables, one text-figure and two appendices) ELLIOTT, H.]., BASHFORD, R., JARMAN,S.]' & NEYLAND, M.G., 2002 (3l:xii): Foliage insect diversity in dry eucalypt forests in eastern Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings ofthe Royal Society afTasmania 136: 17-34. ISSN 0080-4703. Forestry Tasmania, 79 Melville St., Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. Species numbers and composition of the insect fauna occurring on trees and shrubs were studied in dry eucalypt forests in eastern Tasmania over nine years. In all, 1164 named and putative species representing 17 orders and 157 families were collected. The bulk of the species belonged to the orders Coleoptera (28%), Hymenoptera (25%), Hemiptera (18%), Lepidoptera (14%) and Diptera (10%). Of the species collected, 388 -- about one-third -- were identified at least to genus or species level. These included 21 named species not previously listed in the Tasmanian insect fauna and 90 undescribed species. A list of 22 host plants for 171 insect species was compiled from records of 132 insect species observed feeding during the study and from previous records ofinsect/host plant associations for 39 insect species found on the study plots. Most insects were feeding on eucalypts (127 insect species) and acacias (38 species). The most widely distributed and commonly collected species were several well-known pests ofeucalypts: Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: N octuidae), Amorbus obscuricornis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Chaetophyes compacta (Hemiptera: Machaerotidae) and Eriococcus coriaceous(Hemiptera: Eriococcidae). -
Pljushtchia Prima, New Moth Genus and Species from Tadjikistan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Eur. J. Entomol. 102: 777–785, 2005 ISSN 1210-5759 Pljushtchia prima, new moth genus and species from Tadjikistan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) JAAN VIIDALEPP1 and IGOR KOSTJUK2 1Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia St. 181, EE-51014 Tartu; e-mail: [email protected] 2Zoological Museum, Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Vladimirskaja 60, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Geometridae, Larentiinae, Pljushtchia prima gen. n. & sp. n., Heterothera, Pennithera, Protothera, Thera, taxonomy Abstract. A new genus and species of geometrid moths from Tadjikistan is described and its position in the taxonomic structure of the subfamily Larentiinae is analysed. The new genus is grouped, based on the parsimony analysis of 38 morphological characters, to coniferous-feeding genera of the tribe Cidariini as follows: (Thera (Pennithera (Protothera (Pljushtchia gen. n. Heterothera)))). Pljushtchia is characterised by the antennae, unipectinate in males and flat, serrate in females, by a reduced haustellum, the venation of wings and the structure of the genitalia. The Thera firmata species group is validated as a genus Protothera. The tribe Cidariini includes four groups of related genera and is most speciose in southeastern Asia. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Late in the eighties of the previous century, the first Adult Larentiinae moths have been studied from the fol- author was presented four specimens of an unknown Lar- lowing museums: entiine moth for determination by I. Pljushtch. Having The Natural History Museum, London (NHM); Nature just finished a review of the geometrid moths in Central Museum of Humboldt University, Berlin (NMHU); Institute of Zoology and Botany at Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu, Asian mountains (Viidalepp, 1988), he understood that Estonia (ZBI); Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum this specimen belonged to an undescribed species (Fig.