DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Rock Art in the Public

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Rock Art in the Public UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Rock Art in the Public Trust: Managing Prehistoric Rock Art on Federal Land A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by John Patrick Hale March 2010 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Clifford Trafzer, Chairperson Dr. Rebecca Kugel Dr. Larry Burgess Copyright by John Patrick Hale 2010 The Dissertation of John Patrick Hale is approved: Dr. Rebecca Kugel University of California, Riverside Dr. Larry Burgess University of California, Riverside Dr, Clifford Trafzer, Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rock Art in the Public Trust: Managing Prehistoric Rock Art on Federal Land by John Patrick Hale Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in History University of California, Riverside, March 2010 Dr. Clifford Trafzer, Chairperson Cultural resource management conducted by the United States government revolves around the concept of proper stewardship of the land and the resources contained therein. By definition, stewardship means to take proper management for the good of the items entrusted. Practically, however, stewardship is a set of cultural resource management practices that seeks to manage the cultural resources that fall within the bounds of federally-managed lands, consistent with the perceived needs and desires of the public at large. Rock art is a unique and valuable resource that can and should be inventoried, recorded, protected, researched, and used to educate the public on the past lifeways of native peoples who occupied the United States in the pre-contact era. While the federal government has had some success in rock art management programs on public lands, for the most part federal land managers have historically disenfranchised Native Americans by minimizing their input into management practices of archeological resources, including rock art. This dissertation analyzes the salient aspects of managing rock art sites on federally-administered land, and argues for a more comprehensive, inclusive, and effective management strategy that is inclusive of Native Americans. For iv effective rock art site management, historians, archeologists, and land managers must focus on three main goals in management strategy: more actively and effectively incorporating Native Americans in the management process, taking a multidisciplinary approach to site management that incorporates concepts of landscape and cultural heritage principles, and maximizing the potential for rock art sites as an educational tool to teach about Native American lifeways, practices, and philosophies. v TA B L E O F C ONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi Table of Figures ................................................................................................................. ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 The Value of Rock Art in Modern Society ..................................................................... 3 The Rock Art Dilemma ................................................................................................... 5 Rock Art .............................................................................................................................. 7 Managing Rock Art on Public Lands ........................................................................... 14 Identification and Recordation ...................................................................................... 16 Evaluation, analyzation and interpretation ................................................................... 22 Excavation................................................................................................................. 24 Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 26 Informed Methods ................................................................................................. 27 Formal Methods .................................................................................................... 29 Analogy ................................................................................................................. 31 Archeological Law and the Management of Rock Art Sites on Federal Lands ................ 33 Antiquities Act of 1906 ................................................................................................. 35 Historic Sites Act of 1935 ............................................................................................. 39 Federal Records Act of 1950 ........................................................................................ 40 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and Executive Order 11593, Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment .................................................................. 41 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ................................................................. 48 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and the Convention on Cultural Property ........................................... 52 Archeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974 .................................................. 53 American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 and Executive Order No. 13007 ―Indian Sacred Sites‖ .................................................................................................... 55 Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 ....................................................... 58 Freedom of Information Act of 1982 ............................................................................ 62 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 .............................. 63 Theft of Government Property and Prohibitions under Title 36 CFR 261.9 ................ 67 Executive Order 13287: ―Preserve America‖ ............................................................... 68 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 70 An Overview of Significant Rock Art Research in the Great Basin................................. 73 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 118 vi Theoretical Considerations for the Use of Ethnography in the Interpretation of Rock Art ..................................................................................................................... 119 Ethics and Professional Practices in the Federal Government ........................................ 129 Consultation and Rock Art Sites ..................................................................................... 135 Defining Consultation ................................................................................................. 136 Who Should be Involved in Consultation ................................................................... 140 The Formal Consultation Process ............................................................................... 141 Building a Relationship .............................................................................................. 143 Improving the Consultation Process ........................................................................... 148 Maintaining a Relationship ......................................................................................... 154 The Consultation Process and Rock Art ..................................................................... 156 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 159 The Management of Rock Art Sites for Public Visitation ............................................. 165 Rock Art Site Management Principles ........................................................................ 167 Identification and Recordation .................................................................................... 167 Evaluation, Analyzation, and Interpretation ............................................................... 174 Excavation............................................................................................................... 178 Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 179 Informed Methods ............................................................................................... 180 Formal Methods .................................................................................................. 182 Analogy ............................................................................................................... 183 Site Management and Conservation ........................................................................... 184 Physical Conservation Issues .................................................................................. 185 Ethical Conservation Issues .................................................................................... 190 Site Management Plan Components ....................................................................... 192 Signage .......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Imperial Valley Is Located About 150 Miles Southeast of Los Angeles
    The Imperial Valley is located about 150 miles southeast of Los Angeles. It is a section of a much larger geologic structure -- the Salton Trough -- which is about 1,000 miles in length. The structure extends from San Gorgonio Pass southeast to the Mexican border, including the Gulf of California and beyond the tip of the Baja California Peninsula. The surrounding mountains are largely faulted blocks of the Southern California batholith of Mesozoic age, overlain by fragments of an earlier metamorphic complex. The valley basin consists of a sedimentary fill of sands and gravels ranging up to 15,000 feet in thickness. The layers slope gently down-valley, and contain several important aquifers. The valley is laced with major members of the San Andreas Fault system. Minor to moderate earthquake events are common, but severe shocks have not been experienced in recorded history. The entire trough, including the Gulf is an extension of the East Pacific Rise, a zone of separation in Earth's crust. Deep sea submergence instruments have observed many phenomena of crustal formation. The axis of the Rise, hence of the Salton Valley as well, is a great transform fault that is having the effect of separating an enormous slab of North America, consisting of the Baja Peninsula and coastal California away from the mainland, with movement to the northwest and out to sea as a terranne. Table of Contents Chapter 1 The San Jacinto and Santa Rosa Mountains Chapter 2 The Eastern Mountains Chapter 3 San Gorgonio Pass Chapter 4 The Hills Chapter 5 Desert Sand
    [Show full text]
  • High Desert Report
    Spring 2016 l Volume 55 The RADCO CompaniesHigh Desert Report An economic overview of the High Desert region affiliated with The Bradco Companies, a commercial real estate group We have some very cancer, he was unable to prepare an article Jr.; Mr. Michael Yannone; Mr. Robert R. exciting information for this edition. Considering how long he Gaines, Sr.; Mr. Brad Orchard; Mr. Mark to share in this Edi- has been in this battle, Dr. Gobar is do- Eagleton; Ms. Judith Joan Curren; Mr. tion of the Report. ing quite well. We talk often and he con- Mike Perry & Mr. Tom Perry (the son and But first, I wish to tinues to be one of my personal mentors. husband of our close friend and renowned welcome our cur- When the doctors told him they thought escrow professional Mrs. Debbie Perry); rent, future, and long he would lose a substantial amount of Mr. Stephen J. Flannery; Mr. Bill Nelson; standing subscrib- weight, they forgot that Dr. Gobar is a Ms. Susan Mari So; Ms. Rita Rae Dale; ers and sponsors of unique individual, undoubtedly one of Mr. Chuck Love; Mr. Jack Julian Hall; the 55th Edition of the most unique people anyone will ever Ms. Rita Louise Jaramillo; Mrs. Cherie The Bradco High Desert Report, the first meet. He has actually gained over 16 Vackar; Mr. Lowell Draper; and my wife’s and only economic overview of The High pounds. He looks great and still has the 99-1/5-year old Aunt, Ms. Myrtle Mason- Desert, covering the northern portion of greatest sense of humor.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Stewardship Strategy Summary
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP STRATEGY SUMMARY JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK CALIFORNIA JANUARY 2021 CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of a Resource Stewardship Strategy ................................................................................. 1 Intent of this Summary Document ................................................................................................. 2 Brief Description of Joshua Tree National Park ............................................................................... 3 Development of the Resource Stewardship Strategy for Joshua Tree National Park ........................ 5 Operating Principles of Joshua Tree National Park .......................................................................... 7 Key Park Issues, Stressors, and Threats ............................................................................................... 9 Anthropogenic Climate Change in Joshua Tree National Park ....................................................... 17 Priority Resources and Components ................................................................................................. 19 Priority Resource Summaries ........................................................................................................ 21 Archeological Resources ..............................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • CALIFORNIA DESERT DISTRICT ADVISORY COUNCIL, Reporter's
    1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 3 CALIFORNIA DESERT DISTRICT ADVISORY COUNCIL 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 REPORTER'S TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS 12 SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 2019 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 JOB NO. 3417006 22 REPORTED BY: 23 DIANE CARVER MANN, 24 CLR, CSR NO. 6008 25 PAGES 1-174 Page 1 Personal Court Reporters, A Veritext Company 818-988-1900 1 MEETING OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF 2 LAND MANAGEMENT CALIFORNIA DESERT DISTRICT ADVISORY 3 COUNCIL AT 1511 EAST MAIN STREET, BARSTOW, CALIFORNIA, 4 COMMENCING AT 9:14 A.M., ON SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 2019, 5 BEFORE DIANE CARVER MANN, CSR NO. 6008. 6 7 MEMBERS OF THE DAC PRESENT 8 FRAZIER HANEY, CHAIR - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 9 DANIEL TAYLOR - DEVELOPED OUTDOOR RECREATION 10 PAUL WHITEHEAD - PUBLIC-AT-LARGE 11 MARIANA MAGUIRE - PUBLIC-AT-LARGE 12 JAMES KENNEY - PUBLIC-AT-LARGE 13 MICHELLE LONG - TRANSPORTATION/RIGHTS-OF-WAY 14 EDWARD STOVIN - OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE USERS 15 JAMES BAGLEY - PUBLIC-AT-LARGE 16 BENJAMIN GRUBER - ACTING DISTRICT MANAGER, BLM 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Page 2 Personal Court Reporters, A Veritext Company 818-988-1900 1 I N D E X 2 AGENDA ITEM: PAGE: 3 WELCOME, PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE; APPROVAL OF DECEMBER 15, 2018 MEETING TRANSCRIPT; REVIEW OF 4 MEETING AGENDA AND PROCEDURES FOR PUBLIC COMMENT 5 5 DESERT ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBER REPORTS 17 6 PUBLIC COMMENT ON DESERT ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBER REPORTS AND NON-AGENDA ITEMS 28 7 PRIOR MEETING CLOSEOUT: WEST MOJAVE (WEMO) ROUTE 8 NETWORK PROJECT 62 9 DESERT ADVISORY COUNCIL DISCUSSION ON WEST MOJAVE (WEMO) ROUTE NETWORK PROJECT 72 10 PUBLIC COMMENT ON WEST MOJAVE (WEMO) ROUTE 11 NETWORK PROJECT 77 12 MORNING BREAK 72 13 STATE DIRECTOR, DISTRICT MANAGER, AND FIELD OFFICE REPORTS 95 14 DESERT ADVISORY COUNCIL DISCUSSION ON STATE 15 DIRECTOR, DISTRICT MANAGER, AND FIELD OFFICE REPORTS 102 16 PUBLIC COMMENT ON DISTRICT MANAGER AND FIELD 17 OFFICE REPORTS 18 LUNCH BREAK 95 19 DESERT ADVISORY COUNCIL DISCUSSION ON EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND SECRETARIAL ORDERS 117 20 PRESENTATION: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JOHN D.
    [Show full text]
  • Joshua Tree National Park, California
    I 29.79/3: J 78 General Management Plan Development Concept Plans Environmental Impact Statement PUBLIC DOCI iMENTS DEPO° : "- • '7cM AUG 7 1995 Clliu . *\i LIBRARY JOSHUA TREE National Park • California V ® Printed on Recycled Paper Final General Management Plan Development Concept Plans Environmental Impact Statement Joshua Tree National Park Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California On October 31, 1994, Public Law 103-433 added 234,000 acres to the Joshua Tree National Monument and changed its status from national monument to national park. The land that was added by the legislation is mainly adjacent to backcountry and wilderness areas. It is largely undeveloped and its management will be addressed in the wilderness and backcountry management plan currently being developed, which will serve as an amendment to this plan. This general management plan addresses only the land that was included prior to the 1994 legislation. This General Management Plan / Development Concept Plans / Environmental Impact Statement was prepared in order to offer a proposal and two alternatives for the management, use, and development of Joshua Tree National Park. In this plan, which affects mainly the developed areas of the park, the proposal calls for a change of management and use to more adequately protect and interpret significant resources. The proposed action would result in an increased visitor awareness of opportunities and a broader range of visitor choices and experiences. Visitor contact facilities and services would be provided at each of the three main park entrances. Interpretive programs and the system of wayside exhibits would be expanded. Resource management programs would also be increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraordinary Encounters: an Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrials and Otherworldly Beings
    EXTRAORDINARY ENCOUNTERS EXTRAORDINARY ENCOUNTERS An Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrials and Otherworldly Beings Jerome Clark B Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England Copyright © 2000 by Jerome Clark All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clark, Jerome. Extraordinary encounters : an encyclopedia of extraterrestrials and otherworldly beings / Jerome Clark. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57607-249-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 1-57607-379-3 (e-book) 1. Human-alien encounters—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BF2050.C57 2000 001.942'03—dc21 00-011350 CIP 0605040302010010987654321 ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper I. Manufactured in the United States of America. To Dakota Dave Hull and John Sherman, for the many years of friendship, laughs, and—always—good music Contents Introduction, xi EXTRAORDINARY ENCOUNTERS: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EXTRATERRESTRIALS AND OTHERWORLDLY BEINGS A, 1 Angel of the Dark, 22 Abductions by UFOs, 1 Angelucci, Orfeo (1912–1993), 22 Abraham, 7 Anoah, 23 Abram, 7 Anthon, 24 Adama, 7 Antron, 24 Adamski, George (1891–1965), 8 Anunnaki, 24 Aenstrians, 10 Apol, Mr., 25
    [Show full text]
  • Foundation Document • Joshua Tree National Park
    NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR January 2015 Foundation Document Joshua Tree National Park California F11 for Signatures 01/22/15 Foundation Document To Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center 3mi 5km To Amboy 30mi 48km To Victorville and 15 53mi 85km To 40 48mi 77km S Amboy Road H E Copper Mountain E 3071ft P 1960ft 247 2728ft 936m Adobe Rd 598m H 831m O Joshua Tree Visitor Center TWENTYNINE Oasis Visitor Center L JOSHUA E PALMS TREE M 3279ft 62 999m O Indian Canyon Road Park Blvd Ranger Station U YUCCA VALLEY Cove Rd Oasis of Mara 62 Yucca Trail Alta Loma Dr N Utah Trail Gold Crown Road T A Palomar I Ave N Indian Fortynine Palms S a T Joshu 2538ft y Oasis W a Cove 774m w L a h B E ig n L H a West o MORONGO e North N y s C Entrance Station T VALLEY lm S Entrance Station a o P c Y P n a r o e t k u N n e ni n t I y t B T N t a r o n Black Rock Campground a Old Dale To Parker e u E R i 4562ft w o l l 62 T e 60mi 96km a P 1391m Mining d v Queen Mountain P L a A O a W rd 5677ft District r L 4000ft E R 1731m k M 1219m C O S V Keys B Aqua Peak I M N o 4416ft G Ranch u T T l S 1346m e O Locked Barker Dam v N t gate a r e Odelle Road r s Eureka Peak F u d e Q ee L L n Va D 5516ft A lley R e T oad C I 1682m Big av t T ho P oj r rn P I e UP ass Desert Queen Mine N M s T C P Quail Mountain Ro T e O O ER ad Road O S D L V 5814ft Hidden Valley N IN C Hidden Valley M O A I o M E G al 1773m Belle U N T ad T ifo r X o ON rn lo ja ia Co v FL e AT R Y C C D i LOST HORSE VALLE Sheep Pass S d Transition Zone Wilderness o e in Jumbo White Tank s O lo e A g an In this ecological melting Congress has designated r r d Hiki Rocks a t N ng T d ra pot, two great deserts, nearly 558,000 acres of o il Ryan Mtn M D 5458ft e the Mojave and Colorado, Joshua Tree National Park s 1664m e blend together in a vibrant as wilderness.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground-Water Resources of the Yucca Valley-Joshua
    (zoo) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water Resources Division GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE YUCCA VALLEY-JOSHUA TREE AREA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency OPEN-FILE REPORT en o i IT) O Menlo Park, California March 24, 1972 CONTENTS Page Purpose and scope of the investigation 2 Description of the area 3 Previous work and acknowledgments 6 Well-numbering system * 8 Lithologic units 9 Faults and ground-water barriers 10 Hydrology 11 Computation of specific yield and estimation of the quantity of ground water in storage ' 11 Hydrologic conditions of the basins . - . - . 14 Means Valley basin - 14 Pioneer town subbasin - - 14 Pipes subbasin - . -- . 13 ^i91 J. Copper Mountain Valley basin 24 Giant Rock subbasin 24 Coyote Lake subbasin 25 Joshua Tree subbasin 27 Deadman Valley basin-- ~ - 31 Surprise Spring subbasin 31 Warren Valley basin 32 Morongo Valley basin 39 Johnson Valley basin - 40 Test-drilling program 42 Adequacy of the local supply 43 Selected references* 48 III GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OP THE YUCCA VALLEY-JOSHUA TREE AREA SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA By R. E. Lewis ABSTRACT The southeastern part of the Mojave Water Agency area included in this report comprises about 600 square miles. Recharge into the area is almost exclusively from precipitation in the San Bernardino and Little San Bernardino Mountains. About 500 acre-feet per year of recharge enters the western part of the area as underflow through Pipes Wash. Little direct recharge occurs as a result of precipitation directly on the unconsolidated deposits. Presently about 11,000 persons reside in the area and current gross pumpage is about 1,600 acre-feet annually.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Catalog Fall 2016 Welcome to Desert Institute at Joshua Tree National Park There Are Some Truly Wonderful Things About the California Desert
    Desert Institute at Joshua Tree National Park Course Catalog Fall 2016 Welcome to Desert Institute at Joshua Tree National Park There are some truly wonderful things about the California Desert. The thunderclouds that dominate the landscape during the monsoon rains; the incredible quality of silence that envelopes you on a hot, sunny, dry afternoon; the ex- plosion of color that greets you in a desert wash on a spring morning - these are the lasting memories that we hold on to for the rest of our lives. We have been gifted with a truly remarkable landscape and it is right in our back yards here at Joshua Tree National Park. Over 20 million people live within a three hour drive of what we like to call Southern California’s National Park.The beauty, rock climbing, and flowers called to over two million visitors to the park last year. But inspiration and solitude aside, Joshua Tree is also a world renown campus at the forefront of studies in global climate change, archaeological research on migration patterns, and the adaptability of threatened and endangered species in a changing environment. Students from around the globe use the intact ecosystem at the park as a laboratory to better understand the world we live in. The Desert Institute offers a unique opportunity to use this classroom. With some of the best instructors in the field, thousands of students have taken Dessert Institute classes in order to learn about the desert and enrich their lives. The National Park Service is delighted to be able to partner with the institute and help new legions of visitors go beyond the views and really connect with the desert and park.
    [Show full text]
  • The California Desert Parks
    ® 5 00 june 2 THE CALIFORNIA DESERT PARKS JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE A Resource Assessment National Parks Conservation Association ® STATE OF THE PARKS® Program More than a century ago, Congress established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park. That single act was the beginning of a CONTENTS remarkable and ongoing effort to protect this nation’s natural, histor- ical, and cultural heritage. Today, Americans are learning that national park designation alone cannot provide full resource protection. Many parks are com- INTRODUCTION 1 promised by development of adjacent lands, air and water pollution, invasive plants and animals, and rapid increases in motorized recre- ation. Park officials often lack adequate information on the status of I. THE CALIFORNIA DESERT and trends in conditions of critical resources. Only 10 percent of the PARKS ASSESSMENT 4 National Park Service’s (NPS) budget is earmarked for natural resources management, and less than 6 percent is targeted for cultur- al resources management. In most years, only about 7 percent of per- RATINGS 4 manent park employees work in jobs directly related to park resource preservation. One consequence of the funding challenges: two-thirds KEY FINDINGS 10 of historic structures across the National Park System are in serious need of repair and maintenance. NATURAL RESOURCES 12 The National Parks Conservation Association initiated the State of the Parks® program in 2000 to assess the condition of natural and Burgeoning Regional Populations cultural resources in the parks, and determine how well equipped the Strain Delicate Desert Systems National Park Service is to protect the parks—its stewardship capaci- ty.
    [Show full text]
  • Level Changes in the Mojave River and Morongo Ground-Water Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California
    Regional Water Table (2004) and Water- Level Changes in the Mojave River and Morongo Ground-Water Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California By Christina L. Stamos, Julia A. Huff, Steven K. Predmore, and Dennis A. Clark In cooperation with the MOJAVE WATER AGENCY Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5187 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0286 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Stamos, C.L., Huff, J.A., Predmore, S.K., and Clark, D.A., 2004, Regional Water Table (2004) and Water-Level Changes in the Mojave River and Morongo Ground-Water Basins, Southwestern Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5187, 7 p. iii Contents Abstract. 1 Introduction . 1 Purpose and Scope . 3 Description of Study Area . 3 Acknowledgments. 3 Geohydrology . 5 Ground-Water Levels and Flow . 5 Water-Level Changes. 6 References Cited . 6 iv Plate Plate 1. Map showing regional water table (2004) and water-level changes in the Mojave River and Morongo ground-water basins, southwestern Mojave Desert, California Figures Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Rock Art in the Public Trust: Managing Prehistoric Rock Art on Federal Land Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6042z0fk Author Hale, John Patrick Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Rock Art in the Public Trust: Managing Prehistoric Rock Art on Federal Land A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by John Patrick Hale March 2010 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Clifford Trafzer, Chairperson Dr. Rebecca Kugel Dr. Larry Burgess Copyright by John Patrick Hale 2010 The Dissertation of John Patrick Hale is approved: Dr. Rebecca Kugel University of California, Riverside Dr. Larry Burgess University of California, Riverside Dr, Clifford Trafzer, Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rock Art in the Public Trust: Managing Prehistoric Rock Art on Federal Land by John Patrick Hale Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in History University of California, Riverside, March 2010 Dr. Clifford Trafzer, Chairperson Cultural resource management conducted by the United States government revolves around the concept of proper stewardship of the land and the resources contained therein. By definition, stewardship means to take proper management for the good of the items entrusted. Practically, however, stewardship is a set of cultural resource management practices that seeks to manage the cultural resources that fall within the bounds of federally-managed lands, consistent with the perceived needs and desires of the public at large. Rock art is a unique and valuable resource that can and should be inventoried, recorded, protected, researched, and used to educate the public on the past lifeways of native peoples who occupied the United States in the pre-contact era.
    [Show full text]