Trabajo Fin De Grado

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Trabajo Fin De Grado TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Título: Sistema de Gestión de Red para Vehículos Aéreos no Tripulados Autor: Patricia Díaz Muñoz Titulación: Grado Ingeniería Telemática Tutor: Iván Vidal Fernández Co-Director: Francisco Valera Pintor Fecha: Julio 2016 -i- ii Agradecimientos A mis padres. iii Resumen El proyecto que se desarrolla en este Trabajo de Fin de Grado consiste en el diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de red en vehículos aéreos no tripulados, también conocidos con su término en inglés UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). Estos dispositivos son cada vez más utilizados en la actualidad para diversas tareas, como por ejemplo, tareas de rescate en zonas de difícil acceso, vigilancia, etc. En primer lugar, para comenzar el proyecto, se hará un estudio de la gestión de red, donde se explique qué es, qué conceptos incluye y cómo éstos se entrelazan entre sí para poder llegar a lograr el cometido de vigilar, gestionar y monitorizar una red. A partir de este punto, se realizará un estudio de las herramientas de gestión de red más populares actualmente, considerando sus características, ventajas y desventajas entre ellas, creando una comparativa entre ellas para finalmente decidir dos que se implementarán en un despliegue preliminar de evaluación. Este primer despliegue ayudará para comprender y familiarizarse con las herramientas elegidas de forma que al trabajar con ellas, se puedan valorar las ventajas y desventajas entre ellas y de este modo, elegir una para el diseño y desarrollo final. Con los resultados obtenidos del despliegue preliminar, el diseño de la solución se basará en las necesidades del despliegue real, de forma que, tras probar las dos herramientas en el despliegue preliminar, se elija cuál de las dos se adecúa mejor a este diseño y posteriormente, aplicarlo al desarrollo. Finalmente, la implementación de la herramienta nos permitirá obtener datos sobre la red creada para trabajar y esta implementación será validada a través de un conjunto de pruebas para comprobar su correcto funcionamiento en este despliegue. Palabras clave: monitorización de red, gestión de red, pruebas, diseño, desarrollo, despliegue iv Índice general 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivación .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objetivos ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Estructura de la memoria .............................................................................................. 3 2. ESTADO DEL ARTE ................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Introducción .................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Planteamiento del problema .......................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Gestión de red ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Análisis de herramientas de gestión de red ................................................................... 9 2.3.1 CACTI – The complete rrdtool-based graphing solution ................................................. 10 2.3.2 Zabbix – The Enterprise-class Monitoring Solution for Everyone ................................... 13 2.3.3 Monitorix ........................................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Comparativa ................................................................................................................ 20 2.4.1 Conclusiones de la comparativa ....................................................................................... 22 2.5 Requisitos y restricciones ........................................................................................... 22 2.6 Marco regulador .......................................................................................................... 23 3. DISEÑO Y DESARROLLO DE LA SOLUCIÓN .......................................................................... 25 3.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................ 25 3.2 Despliegue preliminar ................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Información obtenida con las herramientas en el despliegue preliminar ........................ 26 3.3 Diseño e implementación ............................................................................................ 45 3.3.1 Introducción ...................................................................................................................... 45 3.3.2 Diseño de la solución ........................................................................................................ 45 3.3.3 Desarrollo de la solución .................................................................................................. 48 4. PRUEBAS, RESULTADOS Y EVALUACIÓN ............................................................................. 57 4.1 Introducción ................................................................................................................ 57 -v- ÍNDICE GENERAL 4.2 Pruebas ........................................................................................................................ 58 4.2.1 Pruebas de parámetros SNMP .......................................................................................... 58 4.2.2 Pruebas de rendimiento .................................................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Pruebas en otros escenarios ............................................................................................. 67 4.3 Análisis de resultados y evaluación ............................................................................ 72 5. PLANIFICACIÓN Y PRESUPUESTO ........................................................................................ 73 5.1 Planificación ............................................................................................................... 73 5.2 Presupuesto ................................................................................................................. 75 6. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................... 77 6.1 Conclusiones .................................................................................................................. 77 6.2 Futuras líneas de trabajo ............................................................................................. 78 7. ANEXOS ............................................................................................................................... 80 Anexo I. Despliegue preliminar de la red ............................................................................ 80 Anexo II. Detalle del despliegue preliminar ........................................................................ 83 Anexo III. Instalación de las herramientas .......................................................................... 84 Anexo IV. Scripts ................................................................................................................. 95 Anexo V. Lista de OID’s utilizados en el Desarrollo .......................................................... 96 Anexo VI. Instalación de Zabbix en Raspberry Pi .............................................................. 97 Anexo VII. English competence .......................................................................................... 99 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 99 Conclusions and future projects .................................................................................................. 103 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 105 8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ....................................................................................... 110 -vi- Índice de figuras Figura 1. Red de malla con UAV, satélites y nodos terrestres [UAV Network, 2016] ............. 1 Figura 2. Network Management Infraestructure [Network Management, 2016] ...................... 6 Figura 3. Arquitectura de gestión de red con SNMP [SNMP, 2016] ........................................ 8 Figura 4. Representación parcial de un árbol MIB-II [Wikipedia, 2015] .................................. 8 Figura 5. Modelo FCAPS [Selesta Networks, 2015] ................................................................. 9 Figura 6. Árbol de gráficos Cacti [The Cacti Group Inc., 2004-2012] .................................... 11 Figura 7. Gráficos en modo preview [The Cacti Group Inc., 2004-2012] ............................... 11 Figura 8. Principios de operación de Cacti .............................................................................. 12 Figura 9. Gráfico de uso de red [Zabbix SIA, 2015; Zabbix, 2015] .......................................
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