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Centro Estadual De Educação Tecnológica CENTRO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PAULA SOUZA FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DE LINS PROF. ANTONIO SEABRA CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE COMPUTADORES ANTONIO MARCOS HONORIO MAIKON HENRIQUE DA SILVA SOUZA ESTUDO E ANÁLISE DO BALANCEAMENTO DE CARGA DE SERVIDORES COM LINUX VIRTUAL SERVER (LVS) LINS/SP 1° SEMESTRE /2014 CENTRO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PAULA SOUZA FACULDADE DE TECNOLOGIA DE LINS PROF. ANTONIO SEABRA CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE COMPUTADORES ANTONIO MARCOS HONORIO MAIKON HENRIQUE DA SILVA SOUZA ESTUDO E ANÁLISE DO BALANCEAMENTO DE CARGA DE SERVIDORES COM LINUX VIRTUAL SERVER (LVS) Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Faculdade de Tecnologia de Lins para obtenção do Titulo de Tecnólogo em Redes de Computadores. Orientador: Prof. Me Julio Fernando Lieira. LINS/SP 1° SEMESTRE /2014 ANTONIO MARCOS HONORIO MAIKON HENRIQUE DA SILVA SOUZA ESTUDO E ANÁLISE DO BALANCEAMENTO DE CARGA DE SERVIDORES COM LINUX VIRTUAL SERVER (LVS) Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Faculdade de Tecnologia de Lins, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do título de Tecnólogo em Redes de Computadores sob a orientação do Prof. Me Julio Fernando Lieira. Data de aprovação _______/________/________ ____________________________________________________ Orientador Julio Fernando Lieira ____________________________________________________ Examinador ____________________________________________________ Examinador Dedicamos este trabalho aos nossos Professores e familiares que estiveram presente conosco durante toda esta jornada. Antonio Marcos Honório Maikon Henrique da Silva Souza AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço a Deus por ter me dado saúde e força nesta caminhada para poder cumprir todas as etapas as quais me propus realizar. Agradeço a toda a minha família que sempre me apoiou e me ajudou a não desanimar nestes anos de estudos, principalmente aos meus pais Antonio e Gilda, minha sogra Antonia e meus irmãos Carlos, Gisele e Keli; agradeço a todos os meus primos e também a meu sobrinho, Diego, pela parceria nas aulas. Agradeço a Fatec por ter me dado esta chance de estudo que espero retribuir um dia. A todos os professores que com paciência e competência nos ajudam a nos tornar profissionais mais preparados para a vida. Ao professor Júlio Fernando Lieira, nosso orientador, que com muita dedicação nos ajudou em todos os momentos dessa caminhada e a professora Luciane Noronha que sempre me deu força nesta jornada. Um agradecimento especial a todos meus amigos de sala durante este curso, principalmente ao Maikon parceiro neste momento final e de muitas dificuldades. E como não poderia deixar de ser, agradeço a minha esposa Adriana, companheira e parceira de todas as horas, que não mediu esforços para me ajudar e me animar nos momentos de desânimo. E, claro, aos meus queridos filhos Karol e Marco Antonio, pois é por eles que concluo este curso. Antonio Marcos Honório AGRADECIMENTOS Nessa etapa muito importante da minha vida e que irei carregar comigo todo conhecimento adquirido nesse precioso período de tempo, venho agradecer a todos que contribuíram nessa jornada. Primeiramente a Deus que traçou o meu caminho até aqui, com alegrias e saúde. A minha mãe Vilma e ao meu pai Otacilio que desde sempre me apoiaram e ofereceram o alicerce necessário, não só para concluir essa etapa em minha vida, mas como todas que passei até o presente momento. A minha tia Lourdes que tenho como uma segunda mãe. A minha irmã Pâmela e a minha namorada Ana pelo apoio e dedicação nos momentos em que precisei. A toda a minha família que se manteve presente comigo durante essa caminhada. Ao meu parceiro e amigo nesse trabalho Antonio Marcos Honório, por partilhar todo o seu conhecimento e dedicação em prol desse trabalho. A cada um dos professores, com os qual tive o privilégio de conviver durante esse período. Um agradecimento especial ao professor Julio Fernando Lieira, que graças ao seu conhecimento, dedicação e disponibilidade nos ajudou a concluir esse trabalho nos orientando e enriquecendo nossos conhecimentos. Agradeço a Fatec por proporcionar todos os recursos necessários para os estudos, e por ser palco da fase mais importante da minha vida, por isso, serei eternamente grato a essa instituição. Também agradeço aos amigos que posso chamar de irmãos que tive a sorte de fazer durante essa jornada: João Luiz, Cezar Henrique, Luciano Kiyosaque, Bruno Carvalho, Antonio Marcos, Bruno Vinicius, Mauricio Gimenez, Fernando e Gustavo Cremonesi, Mari Nogueira e Alexandre Kenji. Maikon Henrique da Silva Souza RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma solução que assegure um serviço web confiável e resguardado contra falhas, sejam elas de software ou de hardware. A solução adotada foi a criação de um cluster com balanceamento de carga utilizando a tecnologia do LVS, que é um projeto de código aberto cujas características de redundância, desempenho e escalabilidade se enquadram perfeitamente às necessidades deste trabalho. Para melhor compreensão do mesmo foram abordados conceitos de rede de computadores com suas topologias e arquitetura; assim como um levantamento bibliográfico sobre alta disponibilidade, clusters, além das tecnologias disponíveis para implementação do LVS. Todo processo de configuração e implantação da estrutura do LVS via Direct Routing foram descritos, bem como a coleta e análise dos dados do comportamento dos servidores WEB perante os testes de vários algoritmos de escalonamento definidos na estrutura do LVS. A tecnologia do LVS, além do fato de não incorrer em custo, se mostrou valiosa por oferecer um ambiente confiável não somente para um serviço web, mas como assegurar alta disponibilidade em um serviço de e-mail, banco de dados, proxy entre outros; assim torna-se uma tecnologia imprescindível para qualquer outro ambiente, seja ele acadêmico ou empresarial, e que tenha necessidade de garantir a total disponibilização de seus serviços. Palavras-chave: Cluster, balanceamento de carga, alta disponibilidade, Direct Routing. ABSTRACT This work had the purpose of presenting a solution that ensure a reliable web service and sheltered against failures, whether of software or hardware. The adopted solution was to create a cluster with load balancing using technology of LVS, which is an open source project whose features redundancy, performance and stability fit perfectly to the needs of this work. For better understanding of the work were discussed concepts of computer network with their topologies and architecture; as well as a bibliographical survey about high availability, clusters, beyond the technologies available for deployment of LVS. The whole process of configuration and deployment of the LVS structure by way of Direct Routing were described, as well as the collection and analysis of data on the behavior of WEB servers, before the testing of various scheduling algorithms defined in the LVS structure. The LVS technology, beyond the fact of not incurring cost, proved valuable for providing a trusted environment not only for a web service, how to ensure high availability in an email service, database, proxy among other; thus becoming an essential technology for any environment, be it academic or business that has the need of ensure the full provision of their services. Keywords: Cluster, Load Balancing, High Availability, Direct Routing. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1. 1 - Modelo de computação centralizada ..................................................... 22 Figura 1. 2 - Modelo de computação distribuída ....................................................... 23 Figura 1. 3 - Exemplo de uma rede ponto-a-ponto .................................................... 24 Figura 1. 4 - Exemplo de uma rede cliente/servidor .................................................. 26 Figura 1. 5 - Topologia totalmente conectada ........................................................... 27 Figura 1. 6 - Topologia em malha .............................................................................. 28 Figura 1. 7 - Topologia em anel ................................................................................. 28 Figura 1. 8 - Topologia em barramento ..................................................................... 29 Figura 1. 9 - Topologia em estrela ............................................................................. 30 Figura 1. 10 - Topologia em árvore ........................................................................... 30 Figura 1. 11 - Topologia sem fio ................................................................................ 31 Figura 1. 12 - Camadas da arquitetura TCP/IP e respectivos protocolos .................. 34 Figura 1. 13 - Datagrama do protocolo IP ................................................................. 35 Figura 2. 1 - Esquema de Alta Disponibilidade .......................................................... 40 Figura 2. 2 - Exemplo de cluster de balanceamento de carga .................................. 41 Figura 2. 3 - Esquema geral de um Linux Virtual Server ........................................... 43 Figura 2. 4 - LVS via NAT.......................................................................................... 45 Figura 2. 5 - LVS via IP Tunneling ............................................................................. 46 Figura 2. 6 - LVS via Direct Routing .......................................................................... 47 Figura 3. 1 - Arquitetura LVS ....................................................................................
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