NOVEMBER, 18i{. VOL. IX.

Baclielors and U"dergmdllates (cO'>1';'l/ied): !I!UlTay, Slater, .T. D. M. n n. Upwarrl .• II.A. , ::'IIewtoll, H. J Smalc, \\T., B.A. E. Ne in on, K. B.A. A. Vale. 1I. 13. v s T. ll., Shuker, A., B Y E. atch Nickson, C. i\l ·Simpkinson, ,\V. er, B c\' IT. YUll�han, �'r" THE EAGLE. Nixon, H. E. Simpson, C. 11. Yau<>hnn \v Northcott, W. pson, B.A. Sim W. H., Vil'n�l, H:.v. Odc1ie, B.A. m th, F. G. V., S i B. A. \V"ce, H. O'Gm:ly, T. de C. Sollas, W. J., B.A. Waldo. OIc1ham. C. F. J. W. Southam. Rcv. J. H., B.A. Walker, A MAGAZINE SUPPORTED BY MEMBERS OF "Pa!!c-Rob�rts, Rev. . B.A. Rev. .T. F., Spicer, W. 'Valler. B.A. n. Parrott, Hev. W. L., St. Clair, E. II. G., B.A. P., Warlei!!;h. He\,. Parsons, B., B. A • Sta th, ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. ffu1' J. \Yancn, \V. Parsons. C. A. Stpwart, M. \Yedmorc, Eo Peake, E. C. Stokes, H. Webby, C .• Iq. Penc1lebury. C. Stoney, W. C. B , B.A. Whittingtun.ltcv. R.E Penny, J . .T. .. Strahan, A. 'Vh�·tchc!lcl.lI, v. 11 Pcrkes, B.A. H.. Y., H.. M., StuHrt, E. A. 'Yilkcs. J .• 11 A. et r t)rintcb- fnr £\ttIrsr:xiIrrrs nul]!_ ]' c , L. G. I::tllart, M G. 'Yit kens, TI. J. Phill ps, B.A. B A. i 11., Suart, \V. K., Wil1c-ox. F., II.A. Phillips I!.A. E., , R. W., Sykes, A. B.A. \\,ilkil1�on. II.A. Pinder, H. II.A. A. F. L., F., T;tit, T. S. Wilkillsol1. H('v. J.1'., Pitman. B.A H.ev. E. A. B., Talbot, H. 1'. Willfiey, 11. G • \I.A. Platt, B.A. IJ. E. Tarleton, A. P., \\'iIIinms, W. G., II.A. Pl'ltt, J. U. Tal'l'unt, E. G. \\"illinm�on, C. C. Powell, 1'., BA. Tate, J. �l. Wills. \V., B.A. Price, B.A. B. \. E. 1\1., Tuylo1', J. H., Wilson. Rev. \V. J •. , n . .\. Price, F. Teall, J. J. 11., B.A. Willll. S. J. BA. B.A. H. lOugh, M. H, Tcasdnle, J , Winch. F. B.A. Quirk, J. N., Thomas, n. B. "'in,tanley. J. A. Hnmmcll, W. H. Thomfls, S H. "'intcr. \V. E Raymond. W. T. Thomas. T. \V. "'i,c. J, S. a nor, Thnrndike, J. ,\V. ood. B.A. dl:ollttlds: 11 y G. n. A. \\' 11. '1'., PAGB Read, H. N., D.A. 'l'lllard, J. ',"o"d. H. ll. The Atmcidan (u'itltan Illustration) 129 Heynolcls, B., B.;'. Tobin, Hev. F., n.A "-nrodbOWl8, A. C Heynolds, G. Toone, Hev. J., B.A. Wool er, Remembrance F. Rev. W. W.*B.,\. 134 Roe, C. B.A. Towsev, Rev. A., B.A. Wnolle)" A. D., H.A. F., Prof. C. C. Babington's History of the Infirmary and Roney Dougal, J. C. 'l'rendgolcl, T. G. Workman, A. I{oopcl', E. P. Tl'umper, J. F. \V. Wright, F. P. Chapel of the Hospital and College of St. John the Wylea. W. Roopcr. H. N. Tufncll, W. F. Evangelist 136 YlU'dley. J. S. ROIIll:hton, A. H., B.A. Turner, T. A. On an Inscription in a School Chapel 1 Scholfidd, J. n. 43 The Ried Pass 145 The Castle of Chillon 156 The Isle of Man 157 An Epitaph (after Tom Hood) li4 Railway Retrospects li6 is fixed 6d. i it My First·Born 183 The Subscription for the current year at +s. three numbers of Vol. IX. Our Chronicle 184 Nos. 48,49, 50, being the first their Subscriptions to 1\1r. E. Johl'son, ar� � equested to pay their addresses ,rith 1\Ir. J Tnmty Street. Subscribers shoultlleave to give notice of any N ,m-resident Subscribers are requested III their addresses. arc requested Members of College Societies, The Secretaries or other current before the end of the notices for the Chronicle (!titlnIrxib� send in their VaaatioD C : sent in during the the next number should be Contributions for , E, B. 1I08f l\1ETCALFE AND SON, GREEN STREET. Editors (Mr. Sandys W. S (Mr. Cowie), or to one of the the ecretary 1874. Brooke, Simpkinson). H. H. W. next Term. y at the beginning: of � There will be an eJection of an Editor �� � Lady - the Portrait of the engraving from ��� .. " , :- . e. .. . �J A few copies of obt ain d hand and may be : �d'i� .� which is in the remain still on . n Hall, seen In the ( The engraving may be Secretary, price IS. each. Room. LIST OF SUBSORIBERS. De"olea the Membe/'s oJ the Oommittee. Late Me/libel's oJ the C*) (t) Oom '. • .I t• •• THE REV. THE MASTER, D.D. Bachelors alld UlIdel'fJl'aduates: TilE REVEREND JOHN SPlOER 'VOOD, D.D., Preside nt • Coleby, Rev. F., B.A. Haviland, R. Fel/OID8 of t"e Collpgo and Alaslers of Arts: C.W. C. A. Colenso, FE., B.A. H e�ther. W. M. J. fAbbott, Rev.E. A., M.A. Griffith, Rev. 'V., M.A. Pal'kinson, Re n. B., D.A. Colenso, R. Hebb, R. G., B.A. Adams, Prof. 'V. G., M.A., Gurney, B.A. v. L. T. '1'., F.R.A.B., F.R.S '1'.,11.11.. Cooper, C. E. I-Iend erson, J. F.R.S. Gwatkin. Rev. T., M.A. Pate, H W. h[ � G. W., D.A. C oper, C. J., D.A. ITcl'wood. J. Adamson, Rev. C.E., M.A. Hallam, G. H., M.A� ' ' o tPearson, R�v J . C. Cooper, G., B.A. Hibbert, J. Anstice, Rev. J. B., M.A. Hartley, J., LL.D. A. N. Peckover, Rev: Cope, A. N. Hibbert, P. J., B.A. Attenborough,RevWF,M.A . tHaskins, C.E, M.A. E' PenrUebury, R., A; Cope, F. H., D.A. Hicks, \V. M., B.A. Barlo , Rev. �I.A. Haslam, J. B., M.A 1 w W.lI., Pe nn nt P., M' ' Rev. F., B .A. Cordeaux, 'V., D A. l iggs, Rev. A. C., B.A. b gto C. C., A., a , p. �. I 13a in n, Professor Haslam, vV. MA. Per ' H. r kes, Rev. R ' J W. Crick, A. Hil clyn d , G. G. M.A., F.It.S. Havil n , T a d J., M.A. Pierpoint, Rev R ' , . W. Crouch, Rev. 'V., B.A. Hitchman, A. W. llakewell, J. 'V., M.A. lIawes, Rev. R, 11.D. Pieters, Rev. i ,,� ge, Hev. T., D.A. Cummings, Rev. C.E., D.A. Hoare, C., B.A. Barnacle, Rev. H., �1.A. He ges, Rev. N., d G. M.A. Powel!, F. S., �I.A:' T., D.A. Cunynghu me, H. n. S., H.A. Hope, Rev. C. A., B.A. Bateman, Rev. J. F., �[.A. IIeitland, 'V. E., �I.A. PowelJ, Hev. T., M A A. R., 11.11.. Curry,E. L. Hopkin, J. Baynes. T. M.A. IIeppenstall, H., Rev.F., MA. Pry�e, Hev. W. E.,� . W.W. Dale. J. W., D.A. Horner, F. J. lleebee, H. L . M.�. Hereford, Right Rev. the . JII. Pulhblan k, Hev. J., AI.­ Hev. J., B.A. Duvies,E. T. Horny, F. W. Bennett, Prof. Sir ·W. S., Lord Bishop o D.D. f, Quayle, M. n., M A • V. 'V. F., D.A. Da\'ies, Rev. J. P. , BA. Houghton, F. T. S. �IUS.D. ewi on M.A. H s , J. E., Hadcliffe , n., )1.11. • C. M., B.A. Deakin, J.E. BoweIl, H. J., D.A. llesant, 'V. M.A., F.R.S. H H., ey, Rev. R. , M.A. 'Ueece, Hev. A D M � De vVend, 'V. F., D. .\. Hunt, A. L. II , A. Blunn, J. H., Lt.M. ibbert, 11., �J,A. Reece, H.ev. J:E.:'Al.�: J. M. D one, HOo H. Hutchins, E. B. 130mpas, �I.A H. M., . tHiel'll, 'V. P. , M.A. Reed, Rev. 'V., M.A. ,F. C., R.A. Du Bos(', J.F. Hutchinson, T. 'V. Bonney, Rev. T. D.D., Hill, H.ev. �I.A. G., K Reyner, Rev. G. F., D.D. P., B.A. Duncan, \V. H. lIutt.on, H. R. F.O.S., F.S.A. Hilleary, F. E., M.A. H.A. tfiichal'dson, Hev. G., IL ... . 1I. Dunn, J. C. , Inman, J. S., n.A. Bonney, Rev. A., M.A. l-Ioarc, 111.11.. M.A. B H., Hobson, Hev.F., Il. R., n.A. East, G. F. Innes, J. Vv. Brodie, . A. Bonsey, Hev W., M.A. l-I ockin, C. , M.A. .• M.A. H oby, 1-1. J T. J. F. Edmonds. 'V. , B.A. Ireland, A. Iloul'lle, C. 'V., M.A. tHolmes, Rev. A., M.A. . .• RoulIthwaitc, Hcv J.F.,x.... It B.A. English, W. W. .T ackson, C. tBowling, Hev.E.'V., M.A. Holmes C. F., M.A. .• M.A. , Houth, Hev. 'V I. E. J. ElIen, F. S., n.A. Jaffray, VV. Brook·Smith, J., �I.A. op per, Yen. Arch . , M.A. o 1Il.�. n d R we, Rev. T. B., rst, IT. G. Evans, Rev. A., B.A. James, Rev. C. H., D.A. Buckler, Rev. J. B. 'V., �i.A. 1/ .... F., M.A. Home, ltowse11, Hev. 11., . Illltn!!nuJ'st, \V. B. Farler, Hev. J. P., B.A. Jaques. J. \V. Bulmer, Rev. G. F., �I.A.. Howl ett, Hev. M.A. Rudd, Rev. E. S., •• �. H., J. G. A. Fawkes, W. H. *Jeudwine, J. W. Burnside, F., M.A. t Hud on 'V. H. M.A. .• B.D. Rev. s , n., Russell, Hev. IT . W. E. Fawkes, A. 'V. Johnson, J.E. , B.A. tB ushell, Rev. 'V. D., M.A. I' Ansoll, E. B., �!.A. Snlm:lll, Hev. J. S., •••• . .T., 11.11.. Fear, J. S. tJohnson, J. M., D.A. Buu('l'ton, Hev. G. A, Jackson Rev. A., M.A. *Sandys. J. E., M.A. E. D.D. , • H. D., B.A. Finch, H. ll. D.A. Jones, D. W. Carpmael,E. M.A. Jeudwine, G., M.A. Scott, Ite\'. J. " ., x ... . D.P. t Foote, J. A., B.A. Jones, J. .• D.D. Curpmael, C., M.A. Keeling, Bev. C. N �I.A. Selwyn, Rev. Prof., P.A. Ford, E. J. l Hev. 11. ,J. Jones, S. S., B.A. Catton, A. M.A. Kempthorn13 Rev.P.H.,M.A. Sha 'p e, ..... It., , I., W. Ford. W. J. Ket:!y, A. W. �LA. Renll ed)" He,·. Prof., ]) D. Smith. J .• �!.A. Chal'llley. 'V., Fox,E. S. tKelly,E. Kiddle, Rev. F. G., M.A. Smith, 'V. F., M.A. CheYlle, C. H. H., M.A. Kemp, H. T. Hev. ..•.•• Foxwell, A. �I.A. Kitchen, Rev. L., M.A. Snowdon, Clark, Rev. J. H., J. I Foxwell,E. Kel'slake, Rev.E. K., II,A. M.A. T. . K .... B .• M.A., tKno\\'les, Hev. Spencer, Rev. B . Clifton, Prof. R. '1'., Freese, J. H., D.A. Kikuchi, D. M.A. Levett, E. L., M.A. tStnnwcll. C...... Co180n, Hev. C., [1'.lt.s. Rev. Frewcnt E. Kingsford, W. .• LA.. L. Collins, Hev. J., D A. Lev�tt, H., M.... Stal'key, G. A J •• Ill. .. . Fuller, A ,ll.A. Koch, 'V. E., n.A. Cooper, 'V., M.A. L�WIS, Rev. S. S .• M.A. Ste\,cns.Rev. A. ·W. . Rev W.l. S• • Gal'l'Ptt, E. \V., n.A. L!'1.dds, Rev J. S., D.A. Coul'tney, Prof. L. H., M.A. LlVclllg, Prof. G. D., �t.A. Stradlil!g. . L. W., •• A. [LL.K. Gatty, F. A. Laing, P. H. D.A. (Sue.) Ll oydlE. W. M., MA. Street. B. *Cowie. H., C• • K .... Gepp, E. Lamplugh. D. I nn, n.D. t'l'aylor. Rev . Cox 'V A M A ,u Itev. J. H., •• K�. G. D.A. ' n., M.A. Taylor. Rev. W. T Glen-Bott, A. Lane,F. A., Cr�s i M.A., LUllton, �v. J. wel , li�v.· S: F., F. C. B...... Goldie, C. J. Langley, J. Main, P. M.A. Terry. D. N. F.Il.A.S., F.lt.O.S. 1., •• K.A. the Thomaon. Rev. F. D Goldie, J. D.A. Latham, '1'., D.A. ,M.A. Manchester, VCI'Y Rev. 1-1. D., L'ruickshank, G. E F •••.•• Goudridge, A. Lottimer, Dean of, D.D. Torry, Rev. A. n. T. Day, Rev. H. G., M.A. W., •. A. Gl'as t G. R. , 11.11.. Land er, J. J. �!.A. Underwood,Rev.C. et , '1'. A., M.A. Marrack, l'l., •••• De La Rue, T. Vcr on, U.E., Greenaway, "'. LaUl'ie, R. N. 1\1al'l'ack, G., M.A. d Dinnis, Hev. F. H., M.A. R. F. C., •• A. Greenhil l, Layard, C. P., n.A. arsha11. A., �['A. t"race, H. n. Dixon, Hev. R., M.A. M •••• c J. D.A. Q C.,M.P. 'Valton, Rev. 1'. I., Griflin, R. H. Lay ock, M., :i)orsett, Prof. 'V., M.A. Marten,A.G.,M.A., C. , K.A.. Lce, F. B. M.A.. ,,'al'l'en, Hev. Griffiths, R. J. N. Mason, l'l.ev.P. H., . . Dymock, H. 1\1c L., M.A. "'otkins, Rcv. I., . .. Grigg, n.A. Lees, G. 'V., D.A.. M�ssie, J., M.A. •••.A. A., Eastbum, Hev. C. F., M.A. W Gripper, 'V. Le M archnnt, J. G. Hev. A. D., �I.A. 'Vatson, Hev. A. tEbs orth , Rev.J.'V.,M.A. Mathews, n, Rev. Frederia,.··· J. Ley. A. B. M. , D.A. w .J.B.,M.A.[�l.A. Wotso Gwatkin, A. C., n.A. Fallo , T. M.A. M.ayor,Hev rank, 11 ..... Littleton, w M., t E. 'Vntson, F Gwill m, n.A. N. J. Mayor, Rev. Prof. J. B., B.A. , i W. n., Foxwell, H. S., M.A. ' eb , R., 11all, Lloyd, J. H. Rey. J., M.A. V IJ n. •••• J. Francis, Hev. James, M.A. crriman, Rev. J. C., oy , M �l.A., "'etherell, Hnl lid ay, C. L1 d J. n. Miller, Prof. 'V. H., M.... FI'ancis, Rev. John, M.A. 'Vhitby, Bev. '1'., Ham ton, Long, F. ''' . F.H.S. il H. M.A., er, G. . 11. A.. Lord,E. Freeman, Rev. A., M.A. WIlltak H., )I.A lIan ury, Rev. .F. J. , Rev. H. 'V., t ev. J ...... b "' F.R.A.B. [LL.M. tMoss, 'Vhilchurst, R Hanson, H. R., B.A. LOl'imer, Rev. J. H., A. J. F., M.A. A...K·Ao 11 C. Moulton, Rcv.'V. B.A. Friedlander, Hcv. M., E., 'Vhitwol'th, Bnnson. J. C. Low, A., 'V. M.A. S., M." Fynes-Clintoll,E., M.A. tMullins, il kins, A. ar y. Luce,E. H., M.A. tW M ... H d J. H. D.A. Newton, Rey. . Gamett, 'V. ilson, J. M., Hurpcr, Rev.F. 'V., B.. �. Mackenzie, S., M.A. r A. , T. G., M.A. tW A. Ga rod, H., B.A.. Newton, H. \V;lson, W:. H son, Mackinnon, F. A.,B.A. Noon, J., M.A. Hev. u)')'i It. J. Genese, R. W., !l.A. man, H.l, B.A. , M.A. \Visc Rev.II.F.J., t ns am, B., Manisty, G.E. L. C. C. R. . ll l A. Gorst, J.E., ![,A. Non·is. 'Vood, Hcv A. [11 • .1.. lIaslam, Rev. C.E., H.A. :Monn, F. J. Rev. M.A. M. Rev. C.E. , M.A. d, A. N., d, Hey. F. 11.11.. tGraves, Obbal' E., II.A. "'oo tHnslam, F. 'V. C., n.A. MUl'gel'ison, J. B., . Page, v. W. GI'een, Hev. E. K., M.A T. Wood ]{.e Hasln m, S., B.A. Marslen, Rcv. 'V. H.A. P lc , .• M.A. M. H, Green, 'V. M.A. a l' F.A Ycld: Hev. C., n., Pro!'. E. H., M A. t Ol'ccnhill, A. G., �, A. t Palmet·, (r/.�� ¥- � / Bache70rs alld UndergradlLates (collf.;'!!Ied).' MARCH, I8i5. VOL. IX. Marsh, J. Rnynor, G. H. Tooth, R. �Iarshall, A. M. Read. H. N., B.A. 'l' 1I owsev Rcv' )!arr.en, Heynolds, B., !I.A. E. D. 'l'read';�ld lIIarwood, G. H. Reynolds. G. F. 1" Trumpe jt(>� Matthew, G, Revnolds, r. A. lL Tu ll. Matthews, IT, fne W. F . L. Hidley. F. T. Turner. A J. 1'. Maxwell, R. P. Roney Dougal, C. p . U ward. E. F. McKee, Rev. R. A" B.A. Hooper, E. Vale, P. n. B., B.A THE EAGLE. Merivale, C. Rooper, IT. N. Vatcher, Hev. J. lIIicklem, T., D.A. Roughton, H., B.A. . A. Vaughan , Middlewood, M., B.A. 1\1. Roughton, Q. E. Vi ney, t ord, n.A. l·t, Mi f E" Howe. P. D. Wace, H. Moore, B.A. s J., Ru scll, M. II. \Valdo. J., B.A. 1I10rgnn. P. F. J. Sells, A, Waller, nA A. :\L'\GAZfNE SUPPORTED BY MEMBERS OF Morshead, R., B.A. n. P., Slater. B B. \Vnltcrs, St. J. D. G. Morris. S. m le B.A. 8 a , W., 'Vard, J. '1'. osley, E, R. ha p, ST. JOH�'S COLLEGE. M � r H. J. Warleigh. Hev. F. -Moser, E. B., B.A. ShukeI', A., B.A. \Varren, 'V. Moss, 'V. ·Simpkinson, H. W. 'Vedmore, E. ur h , D.A. M p y H. H., Simpson, C. n. Welsby, C., D.A. u r M r ay, J. D. M. Simpson, 'V. H., B.A. 'Vhite, G. e J., B.A. N wton, Bev. n. Smith, n. A. Whittington, Rev. e B.A. N vinson, T. K. B., Smith, T. Whytehead. It�v. Ho. :f)rintc� for �1thll!rihmj .onIU. Nickson, C. M. E. Sollns, \V. J., D.A. Widgery, W. J. Nixon, H. E. Southam. Rev. H., B.A. 'Vilkes, J., B.A, Norlhcott, \V. SpiceI', W. ,\Vickens, H. J. Oddie, G, V., B.A. St. Clair, E. n. G" B.A. \Vil1cox, F" B,A. Oldham , 'V. C. Stafful'th, .1. ,\Vilkinson, A. F. Osborne, J. Stpwart, M. 'Vilkinson, Hev. 'Pa5!c-Roberts, Rev. . F" B.A. Stokes, H. Willncy, Rev. 11. Panott, Hev. W, L., B.A. Stoney, W. C. B , D,A. 'Vi1liams, II. A. Parsons, B., B.A. Strahan. A. Williams, 'V. G Parsons, C. A. Stunrt, E. A. Wi1liamson, C. Peake, E. C. 8tllart, M. G. 'Vills, ,,", , B.A. Pendlebury, C. SuaI't, 'V. K., D A. 'Yilson. Hev. Penny, J. J. Sykes, A. E" B.A. \Yilson, A. R. J. Perkes, H. M., B.A. Tait, T. S. Winn. S. Peter, L. G. Talbot, H. T. 'Vinch, R. F. Phillips, H., B.A. Tarleton, A. P., B.A. 'Vinstnnley, 1 'ontwts : Phillips, R. W., P.A. Thrrant, E. G. Winter, \V. E. J'AGlt Tate. J. of J\!argarct, Countess of er y Pinder, Hev. H. F., B.A. �1. 'Vise, J, S. �reI1loir Richmond and D b 19 oI' J. 3 Pin sent, H. C. Tayl , 1'1., D.A. Wood. Hev. H. 'Vood, �fecresstiJlc 20 Pipel', A, D. Taylor, T. R. M. 4 Teull, J. J. D.A. 'Vood, Pitman, Rev. E. A. B., B.A. 11., 'V. Calm on the Ocean Platt, Tcasdule. J., D,A. 'Voodhouse, A. O. 204 H. 'Eo 'Voodhoule, Platt, Thomas, U. S. L..I. The Moral Influence Certain Mechanical Discoveries J. n. 'Voolley, iI.&. of 205 Pope, J. Thomas, S H. A. D., 'l'homas, T. 'Vorkman. The Holy Sepulchre Price, E. M., B.A. \V. A. 230 i Wright, P. Pric , F., !I.A. 'l'horll d ke, A. J. 'V. F. e Wylcs, W. Christian de Quade Pugh, M. H., B,A, Tlllard, J. 239 'l'obin, Rev. F., n,A Yurdley, J. S. Qui!'k, J. N., /l.A. Bill Brady 24 Rammell, W. H. 7 Onr Chronicle 250 is fixed at it The Subscription for the current year 4s. 6d.; Vol. Sl being the first three numbers of IX. Nos. 48,49, 50, BoofiiiIler, Subscriptions to Mr. E. Johnsol1, are requested to pay their n• their addresses with l\Ir. J6a.o Trinity Street. Subscribers should leave of any are requested to give notice N on-resident Subscribers in their addresses. rcqu . of College Societies, arc The Secretaries or other Members YJ'erm. the end of the curren ��: in their notices for the Chronicle before send o Vacaf,JID t W. METCALFE AND SO� GREEN STREE� be sent in during the Contributions for the next number should E. B. of the Editors (Mr. Sandys, 1875. the Secretary (Mr. Cowie), or to one Jeudwine). H. W. Simpkinson, J. W. "\f" THE ATMEIDAN. _ HERE is an open space at Constantinople upon , � which, to the present day, not a single house " is standing. On one side is a beautiful white mosque, and on the other three some tumble-down build­ ings little better than sheds. They are mostly private houses. Occasionally excavations are made here, and I hav.e seen capitals and other parts of ancient pillars dug up, together with bits of mosaic. The fo rmer, as far as I could ascertain, are carefully broken up and used for building. Of the latter, some are thr.own away, others sold on the spot, or disposed of to the priests of St. Sophia, who sell them as pretended fragnients of the mosaics of that church to any who have tl;te bad taste to buy them. But this place, now called the Atmez'dan, is one of the mGlst interesting in Constantinople, for it is the site of the ancient Hippodrome. Constantine, ;when labour­ ing to make Constantinople the most magnificent city in the world, made this Hippodrome a kind of museum of art and antiquities. The building was 400 paces long by about 100 wide, and between the g.oals it contained the most rare and glorious works of art. Upon a lofty column 120 feet high a statue of Con­ ' stantine as Apollo, with his head surrounded by a golden nimbus, stood grasping the ball and sceptre. Some suppose that Co�stan.tine buried under it the Palladium, whicl). had g1,larded Rome fo r ten centuries VOL. IX. K

'ftffi- Blt.\ZmN SERPENT.

(On the A tmeidan). 130 The Atmez'dan. The Atmez'dan. 131

and the which he had plundered from the temple of Ves stood is a miserable wreck known by con­ t Statue and that this Palladium still remains there.'" Us name of the 'Burnt Pillar: t ernptuo Here, too, were perhaps one of the most inter­ the statues of Bellerophon a Of all the trophies, Pegasus j also a splendid weather-cock, consisting has survived, though in a sadly mutilated state. esting a fe male figure mounted on an erodotus, Book IX. ch. 8 I, we read that after obelisk of brass. In H again was the statue of Helen, at Plataea, "when all the booty had been described in the m the victory glowing terms by Nicetas, who commemorates together, a tenth of the whole was set apart brought snowy arms, her swimm ing eyes, and locks that Delphian God, and hence was made the golden for the in the wind. Colossal statues also of Hercules, which stands on the bronze serpent with three tripod and Pallas ornamented And in Thucydides'" the place, together heads quite close to the altar." numbers of marble Pausanias, on his own statues, probably torn from it is related that the General memorial original resting-places in Greece and Italy. authority, inscribed upon this serpent some are described set up the tripod in the seventeenth and the lines, claiming the credit of having chapters of the Declz"ne and Fall 0./the Roman .i!;?11.1J.",1'< himself, 'in memory of his defeat ()fthe Persian hosts.' But there must have been many more things But the serpent seems to have been meant as a me­ those mentioned by Gibbon. For example, there morial of all those who overthrew the barbarians j so four bronze gilded horses of life-size that are the inscription was erased and the names of all the by some to have adorned the tomb of Nero. But states which had taken part in the war substituted.t more probable account is, that Augustus brought t Why the monument was made in the form of a from Alexandria after his victory over Mark Antony snake is, I suppose, a difficult question, which must be that they were serpent stood at then successively used to decorate left to scholars to decide. This triumphal arches of Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Delphi, and before the year A. D. 174, was seen by golden Constantine. They seem to have been attached to Pausanias, the traveller, who relates that the ehariot. the Their subsequent history.is curious. In 12 tripod had been plundered by the Phocians in they 'were plundered from the Hippodrome by Marino Sacred War. A century and a half from the times of to Zeno and taken to Venice. Napoleon teems to have Pausanias, Constantine carried the serpent column thought them fair spoil fo r a conqueror, and took them Constantinople and set it up in the Hippodrome with to Paris j but in 1815 they were sent back, and they the other treasures before mentioned. now stand over the great door of St. Mark's Cathedral. Here Gylliust saw it when he visited Byzantium, They agree very well with the peculiar architecture and many succeeding travellers notice it. of that splendid rival of St. Sophia's. 'TrOT< 'TOV iv AE}..CPO'iS ov dvieEO"av 01 "EXX,!v.. But all these glories have departed and the • i. 132• brl 'TOV 'Tpl?roM , o/aaBat au'To� lOLC:'TO lAf,),f.iov 'TOOl. Atmez'dan is desolate. No cheerful a7ro'TWV M'lowv aKpoBlvLOV, 1j�[WlJ'lV f.7r/,:YPa. groups of people O'T a-rov w�£(n MljOWV, 'E'AA.1/VWV dpX'l'YO� i'7TEL p assemble there, nor is it ever t used as a market ; it IIaulTavla� 4?ot{3(P P.V1JJJ.' dVt01')K! 'TOal: Bk. ix. ch. 81, and viii. ch. 82. looks like a plot of building-land on the outskirts of t See the notes in Rawlinson's Herodotus, 17; vol. i. p. 242, of the a large town. Very fe w traces of the ii. 13, quoted by Gibbon, chap. ancient monu­ t De Byzant. views of the Burnt and ments rema Illustrated Edition of 1863, where Bartlett's Pillar in. The pillar upon which Constantine's of the latter shows the 'fragment the Atmeidan are given. The picture • See proceedings of the SocielJr of Antiquaries, J 8 56. from Delphi ' on the extreme right. K2 133 132 Tlte Atlltezda1t. The Atmez"dart. his It suffered, however, in the terrible 5ieges y Rawlinson, �n an appendix to translation en b stantinopl giv fo re cIted. * e. Though it did not excite the cupidity f Herodotus be with the famous conquerors, yet Dost Mahomet n. in 1453 dashed o With antiquities it is too often as are plentiful one of its heads with his battle axe, perhaps, as Gi of the Sibyl. When curious things books are destroyed suggests as a trial of strength, perhaps in obe not esteem them much, but as they e do w till the price of the remaining to the precepts of the Koran. One head is said to eir value increases, th whole original in the Royal Armoury, through which I searched is oft en greater than that of the few D snould figure so vain fo r it. Another IS said to be in the Church number. Alas! that De Quincey's we set on antiquities. St. Irene. I endeavoured also to enter here, but largely in the value in the Crimean place was fa r too sacred. In fa ct, as I was It is to be regretted, perhaps, that of the monu­ the Sultan himself only goes there once in a year, war the allies did not acquire possession Atnzezdan, and which might which occasion he marries a new wife. This I ments which stand in the They are now in the on the authority of Murray's guide and of Rawlin then have been easily obtained. in despising them, and but as they do not cite their authority I cannot test hands of barbarians who glory fit takes them ; truth

� • REMEMBRANCE. ANDENKEN.

I THINK of thee ICH denke dein When through the vale Wenn durch den Hain The nightingale Der achtigallen N Sounds harmony. Accorde schallen. When thin kest thou of me ? Wann denkst du mein ? I think of thee Ich denke dein When by the spring Im Dammerschein In twilight evening Der Abelldhelle The brightening stars I see. Am Schatten Quelle. ? Where thinkest thou of me Wo denkst du mein ? I think of thee Ich denke dein With sweetest pain Mit siisser Pein, And longing vain Mit bangem Sehnen Thine eyes to see. U nd heissen Thranen. How thinkest thou of me ? Wie denkst du mein? think of me! denke mein! o o Till to our grief Bis zum Verein Some sweet relief Auf besserm Sterne, Brings happier destiny, In jeder Ferne, of thee! I'll only think Denk' ich nur dein ! J. MATTHISON.

$ }/z"story of the lnJirnzary and O/zapel of St. John's. 137

sively altered and somewhat disguised with e'".. te n udor details at the fo undation of the college late T , was in effect the Augustinian monastic in I 5 I I chapel of about 1280. I had ascertained this fact, not only from the mouldings of the archway near the organ, but from the buttresses, window labels, and string­ HISTORY OF THE courses of the north wall. The " Infirmary/, so called, INFIRMARY AND C H OF THE AP proved to have been a large salle or hall, lighted by HOSPITAL AND COLLEGE lancet windows and, as usual, with its eastern end ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST. parted off fo r a chapel. The term is now used some­ what differently from its monastic sense. It anciently By CHARLES CARDALE B.iilINGTON, meant a kind of common rbom in which the aged and PROFESSOR M.AJ; OF BOTANY. invalided monks lived on a somewhat more generous diet, and with a relaxation from the strict ascetic rules HIS _ work appears very and from attendance at the night services. Such Infir­ opportunely, now that �� the memories of the maries still exist in a more or less ruinous state at Ely, old chapel of St. John's are fast passing away, Peterborough, Canterbury, and (I think, though it is by though yet retained many and even cherished commonly called the abbot's house) at Fountains Abbey. by some. Prof Babington has given essor Nay, some of these medieval institutions are kept up at an account of its hi architecture story and the present day, e.g. at Stamford and Norwich, under which will fu lly sustain antiquarian his reputation fo r as well as fo r scientific the names of" Bede-house" or "Hospital." Professor learning. His article on the subject first 13abington (p. 7.) assigns to this Infirmary of St. John's was published among munications of the Com­ Hospital the early date of between 1180 and 1200, re­ the Cambridge Antiquarian (vol. H., Society p. 35 i), and was reprinted, marking, that from an ordinance of the Bishop of Ely the by permission, in pages of our College in 1208, we know that the hospital had then a chapel Magazine (vol. pp. 253--264). He, like IV., or oratory. But there is a still earlier mention of St. myself, watched the of the demolition progress John's Hospital as "Hospitale Cantebrigiae " in con­ of the old walls, disc and noted the overies of the many nexion with St. Peter's Church (Little St. Mary's) in long-concealed pected fe atures and unsus­ 1194.* of the fa brie which I have some doubts if the delicately cut mould­ to were thus brought light. Of all these he has ing of the eastern triplet (plate I I) can be assigned to now given a fu careful account, accompanied ll and so early a date. It appears to me characteristic of the with engravin photographs, besides gs and middle Early-English period, or nearer to 1230. If copies of the inscripti the tombs in the ons on indeed it were certain that the Galilee Porch at Ely old chapel and a short of the description new chapel. He has shewn belonged to a period as early as 1200, as is commonly claim (what I myself to have noticed some supposed, we might accept the Professor's view with thirty years ago, what is generally thought but the less hesitation. Still, the style of the lancet to have come to on the demolition) light only that the old chape l, though .. Cooper's Annals, ycl. i. p. 29' 138 Hzstory ofthe Infirmary and Chapel ofth e Hospt'tal and College of St. 701m tlze Evangelz'st. 139 windows is undoubtedly that of early author does work. not mention the impor Biston and Cherryhinton, which are all early lancet, digging tant fa ct, that f the fo undations t it is difficultto decide. · of the new chapel a �ha bulla was fo und r chapel, built, as I have said, about (I saw and examined it myself) The large 1280, Alexander z·.e. of IV., 1254-126r. At the seems to have remained unaltered till 1514, when it it lik time, I thou ely this might relate s remodelled for the use of the college (p. 5)· The to the fa bric of the " wa rinth" or old Infirmary. la al east window was very large and fine, nearly Perhaps it referred origin Augustinia to n brethren, an order first 20 fe et wide by 30 fe et high. By a very singular stituted fo rmally in 1256. On the other chance, the design of it, rather roughly drawn on a so hand, the piscina closely like that of Jesus piece of c1unch, was recovered in pulling down the College chapel, and wall. It is given in plate 9. By an oversight, I think, Professor Babington says it had three lights (p. 13)· It certainly had more ; for the design gives half the window from the crown of the arch ; and there seem to have been both primary and secondary mullions. In plate 4 a photograph is given of some rather curious fe atures, viz. the old (early decorated) piscina, and at a higher level "what looked like a large per­ pendicular sham window, 7ft. 5in. wide, but only 4ft. 9in. high." (p. 14.) I think this must have been either a mural sepulchre, or used both fo r sedilia and " Easter sepulchre." A slight diffe rence in the level of the floor would make the recess quite available for "sedilia." The broken space in the wall over the adjoining doorway must have been, as Professor Babington thinks, a niche ; and probably the stone below it contained an "ora pro nobis," or the name of the saint thus enshrined. The great discovery in pulling down the chapel was the probable existence of a tower nearly in the centre, supported by two transverse walls and arches, of which the western-most alone remained, but vestiges of that to the east were clearly made out. This tower-if really ever built, which I should think doubtful-was oblong in plan, like St. Botolph's tower. The arches

* There is a characteristic bulge in the central fillet of the group given in PlSCINA IN THE INFIRMARY (NOW IN II, become common about 1220. THE APsn OF plate which seems to have Sec M1'. THll NEW CHAPEL). Sharpe's "Mouldings of the six periods," &c. -Lancet, 1220. 140 I-Hstory of St. John the Evangelz'st. 14 I Jfospz'tal and College Of the Infirmary and Ch apel of the were of St. John for massive and well moulded : the old organ'" by regrators to the Hospital fi fe ited . just behind the western-most, and abovfl (what or tatIOn 0 f poor sc 11 0 I ars. " e susten Babington omits to mention) one of the very few h ham's scheme fo r combining secular t Ilugo de Bals rood-loft s canons of the Hospital that had survived the Reformation. rs with the regular schola " tower, he thinks, was " much narrower than the have wor ed badly. "The scholars, ppears to � . . , ing " a ef St. John s College, (p. 17); but the width of the nave and choir es Baker, the i-bstonan observ over­ only 25t feet internally, in a the brethren possibly itself rather small cC too wise, and were recent for a tower.t (in the words of Mr. Mullinger's o.ood;" and cC Balsham, after Not very much is known, I think, of the ry of the University) Hugh ist0 up ment of the Augustinian monastic churches. One B to allay the strife that sprang vainly endeavouring the finest and largest in this country is was compelled to take Cartmel A between the two bodies, Church in Lancaster, of which I published on " ....The canons "re­ an measures for their separati impropriation of tectuml account.::: It was remarkable, among to the secular sch olars the signed to other respects, for having a "Town Cho two adjoining hostels, ir'� (south St. Peter's Church with to the chancel) screened removed in the year off and used fo r the people which the secular scholars be present at the monastic the separate fo undation of services. I think this is 1284, and there formed explanation of the early to that ·ancient foundation doorway into the raile Peterhouse. But though space between of having first the nave and the choir, which undoubtedly belongs the honour Babington (p. college, as a separate 17) speaks of as "a considerable represented the Cambridge culty. " It is the Hospital of St. John more probable if, as the and distinct institution, to the thinks, Milne-s1.reet credit of having first passed by the west end of the Evangelist belongs the chapel. on. * nurtured the collegiate concepti I have of the old. hospital looked through the first volume of "Cooper's The story of t11e transformation Annals " in search be better told than of some mention of the old chapel into the college cannot perhaps or infirmary, Mullinger's learned and I find that in 1280 Hugo de Balsham by a further quotation from Mr. was licensed to the comrp.encement of substitute secular scholars in place and interesting pages: "With the brethren of the Hospital the misrule of William of St. John (Cooper, i. p. the -sixteenth century, under 60 ; referred to hospital had become by Prof. Babington, p. 5) ; and in J378 Tomlyn, the condition of the a grant was made and in th e language by Richard n. of "all victuals a scandal to the community, • In tile Lady Chapel at Peterborough, on the north .St. John'S side, is a nearly observes Nu:. Cooper, "that "It .may even be urged," obliterated stone to an organist of St. John's Chapel towards .. of St. John, the end of the to any other, as the Hospital is of superior antiquity 17th century. I am not aware if so early a mention of an College it is endowed, organ in the and with the revenues whereof on the site of which it stands college chapel is elsewhere made. The inscliption is this: "Johannes its members being was also a house oC learning; its although a religious house, that Hospital, and still eujoying Crimble (or Brimble) Col: D: Johan: in Cant. alumnus et organista Musis So Cole, who says on (ivfemor£als H. 2, Note). entitled,to academic degrees" et musicae devotissimus. 1670." I perfectly remember the old organ in the now gr·afte.d chapel, and could tell some amusing anecdotes about it. "St. John's College, ." the first of our present colleges justly be accounted The average good-sized possessions, may t square of a church tower is about 30 feet. The of the College of St. John the edition of Baker'S History square of the new chapel tower is more than 40. It would Prof. Mayor's 8 of have been better Mullinger, p. 22 of University H. 56!, quoted by Mr. The built on one of the squares of the transepts, perhaps. Evangelist, of 1535· Times to Royal Injunctions ambridge from the Earliest the t "Architectural Notes on Cartmel Priory Church," Cartmel, J87z. C 142 Hz'story 0/ the Infirmary and Ohapel of St. John's. of Baker, who moralises at length over the of its downfall, the society had gone so far were so deeply involved 'that they seem to been at a stand and did not well know how to farther; but their last stores and fu nds being exha CHAPEL. INSCRIPTION IN A SCHOOL and their credit sunk, the master and brethren ON AN ARTI-IUR GIBSON. dispersed, hospitality and the service of God (the "EVELYN AYTOUN. great ends of their institution) were equally neglecto,l FR.Al�CIS LOCKWOOD. IN INDIA." and in effect the house abandoned: Such being 'Vrro DIED, DOING THEIR DUTY, state of affairs, the bishop of Ely-at this time J Stanley, stepson to the countess-had nothing to of three sculptured swords; in his capacity of visitor against the proposed A SIMPLE border' on the encompassed stone: pression of the house, and gave his assent Three names cut plainly of praiseful words without demur : but the fu nds of the society No epitaph, no need well, so fo ndly known. altogether inadequate to the design of the counte For golden deeds so who proposed to erect on the same site and consecrated place Here, first, of right, to endow a new and splendid college, and she Aytoun, doth belong, Thy name, sweet Evelyn found herself under the necessity of revoking classic face Where oft of old thy clear-cut grants already made to the abbey the listening throng. at Westminster. Was seen upturned amid After the death of Lady Margaret in 1509, "the proof, Galahad, a heart of sterling necessary steps fo r the dissolution of the hospital A love for right, Almost too simple in thy were met by repeated evasions and delay. It was warp and woof Sweetness ,and purity the found necessary to have recourse to Rome. A bull sacred light. fo rmed thee, overshot with was obtained. When it arrived it was discovered That the heroic past, that certain omissions and informalities rendered it Unconscious fo llower of shame or hate, absolutely nugatory, and application was made for Ready to brave fo r others did'st die at last, a second. The latter was fo rtunately drawn up in Yea, and to die. as thou with a comrade's weight. terms that admitted of no dispute. 'For this pope,' Thy sword-arm hampered Baker (it was Juhus Exclusus), boisterous, frank, and bold, says 'was a son of And thou, too, Gibson, it struck the old house at thine eles, thunder; one blow, did both Full of the rich life bounding from of old, dissolve and build alone, without consent either of the In little matters often wrong thy last high emprise. king or of the bishop of Ely:" The college of St. John But grandly right in the Evangelist was at last opened in July, 1516.* with lowered head, The tape * upon thy arm, It is impossible in this brief notice to do fu ll justice like snowball play, Breasting the iron hail to this interesting work, which embudies, under a very fe arless tread, I see thee rushing on with modest guise, a great deal of thought, research, and could stay. that no earthly power antiquarian information. In onset forlornhope." • Badge of the" * MI". Mullinger's HistoJ')1 0./the Ullive"sity, pp. 462, 467. F. A. PALEY. ��dB

144 On an Insc?'Zptzon zn a School Ohapel.

Nothing could touch thee glowing thus with life, And so count not this thy . I greatest deeq., _� . . . . But tiiat, when finished all the fr enzied strife, And the wild spirit from its maclness freed, Thou wentest fO rth alone at eventicle To seek for one who fell, a mother's care, RIED PASS, His greg.t thirst quenched thou bound'st his THE side, Zermatt, the course of a cross country route to And met'st a sudden death whilst kneeling ther �N e. �� morni.ng last summer into S I descended one fine And, dear old Lockwo the Visp by a track leading to od ! I can see thee now, 'fIi1'I the valley of Thy more nearl;y opposite than rugged face, and broad, ungainly mien, St. Nikolas. I was, therefore, of a conspicuous object to Still striving with rough voice and kni.tted been before to the end qf the Saas Gmt, northerly peak, I had ever bro�v A woman's heart of tenderness to Screen. which the mos-t part of the Vispthal, all who are ascending the lower I see thee lying wounded on the field, a snow field Balfrinhorn. Thus I obtained a full view Thy fa ce grown is .called the smooth before th' approaching fr.om a magnificent glacier, des.cending And the true inner soul, so ill concealed, of peak and the ne�t point in the chain; Betrayed fo ' hetween this r ever with the flagging breath. traveHing along a glacier wholly invisible to any one of the mountain Thou did'st thy Duty, honest, blunt, and plain, the valley, and hidden by a shoulder The view of Seeking no praise, b\it winning love from all, fr om most of the summits near Zermatt. to take an early And sheweg'st how simple faith and truth can gain this was £0 tempting that I determined and a £ew days The noblest guerdon that to man can fall. opportunity of exploring its r.ecesses, to St. Nikolas, ac,comp.anied b;y another Fair, tawny, sw art, later returned .in had come to the ohnian, old comrade M., who all the three there ran Three differing strains of far-descended rq.Ge; J my ,of the effects of over-work, and was Still ye were one, each bred Alps to get rid true gentleman of his CUre b¥ a desirous of testing the completeness Lo think foul scorn .of all things meg.n and base. Stalden, grande course. My own guide, J,ohannPetrus, of had engaged Rest, gallant hearts ! akin to those greq.t three, had preceded us from Zermatt, an4 M. The core of strength in David's royal band, A. Borgener. 20th we wer.e stirring, And ranged with all tr.ue sons of chivalry, Long before daylight on J.uly it :was ¥et dark, Who lie with upturned face and clasp.e and at five minutes pas.t two, while sheLter .of the Gral'l.;g ffotel de d hand. A world of gross self-seekers. mammon-wise, we left the oomfortable Pass, �s thi� rO,u.te ,over the Holds .that no heroes live, but ye still prove St. Nikolas fo r the iRied The morniJ}..g :\yas not very pro­ That simple faith and sweet s.elf-sacrifice Saas Grat is .called. of vapour were .sailing slowly Are deathless in a world redeemed mising ; heavy'masses by love. peaks. The air also Over the sky and �asking the F. clev.oid.of that bracing H. D. was unusually clos.e, b,eing' quit.e L VOL. IX. J46 The Ried Pass. . The Rz'ed Pass. 1 47 keenness which is so invigorating in the early so sharp in places that, as the soil a knife edge, ing among the Alps. Crossing the river we fOllow. fr ozen to yield readily to the fo ot, the toas too much fo r a while a road down the valley, then actually chipped steps in it with his ading guide up a horse track through fields. This was �� he day kept growing brighter as the vapours axe. T nately in good order, so, though the night away in the clear sky, which now was slowly melted rather dark, "le were saved from the need of suffused with a golden glow of exquisite becoming gering after the tgnts fatuus of a lantern, or stu the Weisshorn's highest snows gleamed m delicacy. Soon ling in an intoxicated manner over endless ; and the silver of the loftier peaks, like an altar fire The slopes, so fa r as we could see in the slowly magician's wand, was transmuted as by the touch of creasing dawp, appeared to be remarkably fe rtile, describe an Alpine sunrise is almost into gold. But to have not seen its glories, cultivation extended up them to more than the labour lost. To those who height. Gradually as the day dawned, we edged seems only a rhapsody ; to those who the account be content to say that and more into the glen, down which flows the know them, a failure. Let me from the Ried Glacier, till at last "ve entered a fo r the trouble of getting up they are reward enough was one of the wood on its right-hand and bade adieu for some early, and that the sunrise of this day m to green fields. The pine-wood, like all other oun most beautiful which I have ever seen. keeping pine-woods, became gradually more sparse and its After a while we deserted the moraine and, ' scrambled along more stunted ; the path, like all other mountain paths, still on the same side of the valley, hours after correspondingly dwindled as we drew nearer and nearer over some rough rocky ground. Three called to the fo ot of the great mass of ice that filled the head leaving St. Nikolas a halt was unanimously on, still over of the glen, till at last a scramble over stone-strewn fo r breakfast, after which we scrambled with slopes brought us, after rather more than two hours slopes of coarse turf or broken stones, interspersed the end walking, to a huge moraine, which we at once adopted easy bits of rock. The views of the glacier, justified as a convenient causeway. During this time night had of which now lay below us, more than raised. It passed into morning, the approaching sun had pro­ the expectations which it had previously the dark duced an effect upon the umvelcome vapours, which descends from a great neve basin, between and the snowy were rolling up discomfited, and retreating like defeated crags of the Balfrinhorn on the one hand into a narrow armies before his darts. Still, however, they clung ridges of the Ulrichshorn on the other, by at least two with obstinate tenacity to parts of the range opposite, glen. Here its course is interrupted utterly smashed but the glorious pyramid of the Weisshorn, flanked on grand icefalls, by which it is in places to a mere the right hand by the Brunegghor n, on the left by -I can hardly use a weaker word-reduced cleft by a maze some other subordinate peak, fo rmed a picture of ex­ pile of shattered blocks of ice, and curved in the traordinary beauty ; while down the valley rose the of cre,(asses. These in one part were by the unequal Bietschhorn, a pyramid hardly less grand and yet more most singular manner, being twisted l seemed actually to stern, to whose frowning crags the shimmering air lent rate of motion of the ice till tl ey struggling, like a an unwonted smile. writhe, as though the glacier was through the narrows The moraine of the glacier, along which we were now living thing, to fo rce its way walking, was of enormous' size, and came at the top of the glen. Lz K.J

The Rzed Pass. 149 148 Tlte Rzed Pass. y down, probing each new mass of snow, an At length, after about five hours' cautiousl any injunctions to keep the rope tight. Deli­ stepped upon the glacier, above the most giving m Agag we picked our way across the bridge j parts, and in a few minu.tes found ourselves on cately as the end, not from choice but from neces­ great neve basin already mentioned. From this halting at Petru8 chipped sundry notches in the i&:e the dark shattered cliffs of the Balfrinhorn have sity, while then aided by a shove behind screwed interest and not much beauty, but the chain of wall, and face. With him once at the top, our Ulrichshorn and the Gemshorn, a curtain wall of himself up its were aided by the rope, and in snowy slopes, broken by sharp rocky teeth, is at clumsier efforts we were clear of the obstacle. Two graceful and grand. Fortunately fo r us the snow a few minutes remained, but of humbler or three more crevasses yet in good order, or otherwise the tramp over this the j then we resumed our tramp up basin would have been very laborious. We kept dimensions and snowfield. Mounting this is a long near to the base of the Balfrinhorn, which our gently shelving business j wave succeeds to wave, urged us to ascend, but as we knew that the and monotonous the vain hope that the summit is near j work, even without that addition, would be a each raising till half-past nine that we gained one, and M. was anxious not to overtask his so that it was not a point on the crest of the ridge we declined. For some time we had little or no trou the col, or rather the Balfrinhorn. Here was no well­ with crevasses, till at last we came where the near the base of or gap, like a doorway from the one was cut by several gaping C of defined notch schrzmds' snowfield side of the mountain to the other j only the size. Some of these we contrived to turn ; others we and at this point abruptly ended above precipices, crossed by snow bridges, which were not of the s after sloping gently down for some di tance strongest kind, and required some experiments on its edge, again towards the summit of the Ulrichs­ their powers of regelation before we couLd venture below us, rose horn. Many clouds hung about the distant ranges upon them. At last we came to the brink of �he first time into sight, but still grandest chasm which now came fo r the that I rem em ber to hav.e seen. Far great the view was a grand one. Beneath our feet a apart, I know not how many yards, yawned two and snow fe ll precipitously down to a neve walls of ·solid ice, sinking down into unfa.thomable wall of rock terminated in a broken ice stream named depths, crested with curving cornices and vohltes of basin which Glacier. �'acing us, across the Saas valley, purest snow, :which were fringed with cluste:r:s of the Bieder of the Weissmies and Fletschhorn, and to gigantic icicles pendent over the blue abyss. rose the chain of the Oberland peaks j but At first progress seemed the left was a great cluster all barred ; but after prevented the clouds which were spotted about them skirting the brink for a while we came to a place where A ifying more than the Aletsch glacier. a huge mass of snow or fragment of ice in 'falling had us from ident topographical speedily presented become wedged as it were in the , problem other than jaws of the chasm Though the over­ itself to my mind, ' How to get down .' some ten yards down. A very steep slope covered with > cornice prevented minute examination, snow Jed from beneath our fe et to this bridge, while hanging snow e capacity that the it was obvious to the meanest Alpin on the opposite side a similar slGpe was cut off offered only a cliff, on the brink of which we stood, from it by a vertical wall >of ice some .eight feet high. ; would prove indeed facile but irrevocable Now stamping, now hacking fo otsteps, Petrus led us descent that 1 50 The Rzed Pass. Tile Rzed Pass. 151

and that any attempt on it would fu rnish materi rked us al for en he would very likely have je out ot newspaper paragraph. \\That was the more fall perpI tepS. Then the process was repeated, Petrus ing, this e s wall, which swept round the snow basin at th every accidental advantage and availing himself of feet, looked hardly more promising in any skill. It was ecting his downward route with great quarter. The guides, sel however, on being appealed work standing with our toes in notches, and pointe chilly d rather vaguely toward the lowest part to a conducting body of of clinging almost like bats ridge, and said we were going down there ; so arkably low temperature; and was monotonous a rem short halt we walked to that spot, which, accordin one at last almost to hate g to a degree that brought an aneroid observation, I is about 1,870 ft . above the prospect before us. Two incidents only, the fine I was already fa miliar with the account of the frequent occul'Ted to give variety. The one was the Pass given in Ball's Guide, but our route from the dropping of snowballs from the great cornice above, we took the ice had differed yards from the one there which stretched out horizontally two or three scribed ; and now it was evident that we were going fr om the face of the cliff; these, as they slid hissing quite another and much more difficult pass. Some down the slope, suggested unpleasant reflexions as to, work wasevidently before us, fo r even here, though what the results might bo, if a large fr agment chose to was a continuous snow slope to the neve beneath, its descend when we were standing just below it. The inclination was so' excessively steep, that descent other incident occurred thus: When we were about half­ seemed hardly practicable. It was accomplished by Cl> way down, Petrus in lending a hand to M., contrived method which may be much more quickly described to let his axe slip ; it darted down the slope and stuck than practised. We were detached from the rope and in the snow some hundred fe et below. So he had to bidden to halt a while ; Petrus, who remained fa stened, borrow Borgener's weapon, who not having particu­ then stepped over the brink and began to hack larly relished the descent before, now, when he had steps down the face, while Borgener kept the rope to support himself as 'best he could by clinging to the taut, and gradually paid him out. Without its support slippery notches, not unnaturally admired it still less. he would inevitably have lost his balance in bending It is, however, only fair to say that he accomplished forward to strike. Very slowly the work proceeded, this difficult fe at in first-rate style. fo r the slope was rather ha rd ice than snow, and each Thus the time sped wearily, drearily ; again and step required several blows of the axe, as it had to again the rope was paid out to its full length, drawn be cut large and deep, while every movement was up and ourselves lowered down, but still the snow necessarily slow and cautious. At last a Rtaircase. below seemed only a little nearer. The clouds gathered was hewn to the full length of the rope, ;nd was thicker on the peaks, and a mass of vapours sailing over terminated by two or three steps Had bigger than the rest. the Monte Moro Pass broke in rain over Saas. Then Petrus detached himself ched, from the rope, and we they reached us our position would have been wret were singly lowered to where he came stood. Lastly Borgener indeed, but fo rtunately there the northern current descended, being hauled in from forced below. This was a into conflict with the invaders and gradually most ticklish business ; for the rope, of course, gave them back. no real support, and only a protection which was as At length, after the rope had been paid out some dubious to him as it was dangerous to us ; fo r, had he half dozen times, the slope eased off a little, not far u

Pa ss. 153 152 The Rz"edPass . The Rz'ed �ped rapidly ay.ray before we com­ from wh He fh� axe had stltbk. Petrus pelted it Fitty minut€s descent of the crags beneath us. Here was snowballs, till he dislodged it by a lucky shot, ;nenced the the rocks generally were not then the weapon slid down the remainder of the s or no snow, and little deal except that here and there was a good and fo rtunately leaping the crevasse at the difficult, debrt's masking the ledges, which rested on the snow beneath. The worst bf our incoherent loose 'of This stuff M. delights in, and was now over, we once mOre roped in line, and quired a little caution. re to the bott-om, gnedly abhor ; so he raced away sometimes cutting stE!ps, sometimes aV-ailing I unfei a slower and doubtless more of little gullieS ploughed by fragments from above while I followed in forty minutes from our of patches of softer snow crusting the ice, brought dignified manner. In abbut him in the wild stony glen at to the edge bf the schrund, and, bidding the next in haIting place I rejoin�d semblance of a difficulty was row come as close as possible to give him ample the base, and the last leapt down on to the other side ; we quickly ,over. r a while neat the edge of the his example, and at half-past twelve were bnce In ore on Hence we kept fo l:eft-hand boundary of the well­ comparatively level ground. The difficulty of the work ridge which fo rms the obtaining superb views of its may be judged fr om the fact that we had bccupied known Fee Valley, Into this we could, I believe, above two hours and three-quarters in descending a magnificent glaciers. difficulty, but our guides height which, according to my aneroid, was just three have descended without li.igh ground I This hundred feet. preferred to keep on along the tedious, notwithstanding Away we went at the double, to thaw our chilied part of our route was a little kept going up and do"vn toes, circling round the head of the Bieder glacier, the fine scenery, as we of upland pasture and broken plunging and floundering in the deep soft snow like 'Over rough hummocks the summit of a bluff flies in honey. A qmarter of an hour of this exercise rock. At last we reached ; then we thor a view of both Saas and Fee oughly warmed us, and brought us to a low de­ commanding stony track down the alps, pression in the rock ridge on the other side of the followed a steep and path to the fo rmer village, glacier. A halt was at once called ; fo r it Was not fa r 'which joined the usual hitter. The clouds had again from five hours since we had even tasted fo od and fa ll about a mile from the of the Monte Moro, seven since we had eaten a meal. Thl:l huge leathern drifted up over the depression moment to break in rain, so cup, frbm which M. never parts, was brbught out, and and threatened every zigzags through the pine solemnly, as befitted the occasion, the lemon was peeled we hurried alohg the The rain, however, was too and squeezed and the other ingredients added, and a fo rest at a rapid paee. to fall before we reached the bottle of 'vzle Sabznum ' transmuted into two of excel­ quick for us, and began gave good shelter, and, by a ient Claret-cup. Our feast did not pass without a bottom, but the trees below, I gained the hotel spectator ; suddenly a slight rattle on the side df the dash across the meadows of M., without being much rocky peak close at hand on our left attracted our a. few minutes in advance had occupied a little more than attentioh to a fine chamois, which was standing on the 'wetted. Our descent but this, I fancy, was an ridge within easy rifle shot. In another moment it five hours and a half, as our guides said that discovered us, and rattled down the breakneck cliffs exceptionally long time, fo und the ice-wall nearly so at fu ll speed, pursued by yells and shrill whistleq from they had never before our guides. V"-'

The Ried Pass. 1 55 1 54 Til e Rt"ed Pass. which spent in collecting specimens of the difficult as on this occasion. Steep it must terva1s, I euphotide from the bed of the Visp. be, and requiring caution ; but \ if covered with well-lmown had not this resource the day was pro­ in good condition, I can readily believe that it 'To those who so in the evening the landlord and cook present no special difficulty. Last summer, bably dull, the tedium got rather drunk, but the latter was an exceptional one, as much less than the to relieve performance till he had served up amount of snow fell in the previous winter, kindly postponed the rtunately by drawing the line there, thus all the glaciers were more than comm our dinner. Unfo for the guides' supper with mineral troublesome. he dressed the salad men objected to the nstead of vegetable oil. The Our first enquiry, on arrival, was fo r two other i : the vapour of petroleum is inflammable sons of Lady Margaret, who, in company with a third fo od of lamps ; an explosion-of temper not Cambridge climber, had preceded us to Saas. We hot words brought about down-stairs, and apparently were gratified to hear that they had started early in of gas : a storm raged g knocked among the dishes ; the afternoon to bivouac somewhere near the fo ot of ended with somebody bein not the crockery, was patched the Dom, by the side of the Fee glacier. I knew the after which peace, but spot well, and as I lounged on a sofa watching the rain up. day to Zermatt by the monotonously dripping outside, reflected with Com­ We returned the following most beautiful, as it is' one placency on the pleasure they must be enjoying, fo r Alphubel Joch, one of the The crevasses I did not believe there was a square inch of shelter of the easiest of the great Alpine passes. more troublesome than I had anywhere within some miles of them. So we made our­ however were certainly year. Our journey was selves very happy over dinner, in speculating on what found them on the previous after a threatening morning, they were doing, and whether they liked it. Pre­ uneventfu l, and the day, splendour. Our fr iends sently fo rms were seen flitting along the path through turned out one of unusual among the stones, and suc­ the pine wood, like to those of Red Indians. There went back to their bivouac in accomplishing their were the hatchets and the blankets sure enough, though ceeded on the next morning climbing the Dom from the the paint, if ever put on, had long been washed off. long cherished design of The wild men approached the door ; they were our eastern side. /3. friends. Rolled in their blankets they had waited sub Jo ve jr zgzao, till the rain began to wet them through ; and then, had not unwisely concluded, that rheumatism would be the only reward of spending a night out ; so cloaking themselves in the blankets, they had trotted back as fast as possible. They were very damp, had no change of clothes, and must have been rather uncomfortable; F. discoursed meditatively on the relative value of game and candle, but the philo­ sophic calm which eminently characterizes both P. and T. was unruffled by these untoward circumstances. The morrow was wet, except fo r some short in- THE CASTLE OF CHILLON.

STILL rise unchanged thy lonely walls Above the water's changeful breast, THE ISLE OF MAN. That proudly swells, or gently falls, ona-long hid from those who roam the main."-Coll.ins.• Wooed by the quiet stars to rest ; "M And the swift rush of arrowy blue " HE Isle of Man in the middle of the .seven­ Still cleaves the � yielding crystal through, _ teenth century," says Bir Waiter Scott, "was . " And ever,-with the wondrous light very different as a place of residence from Of silver mist, or flushing rose, WIllat it is now." If this WG).S true when Scott wrote in Or crimson flame, or lifeless white 1822, it is far truer at the present time. We are told Pale as the cold Wan face of those that in the reign of Charles the Second "the society Whom death, with sudden hand, and chill,. (;If the Island was limited to the natives themselves, Bends 'neath the iron of his will,- and a few merchants who lived by contraband trade." At the beginning of the present century Man was full O'er thee the' stedfast peaks are hung : " smart fellows, whom fortune had tumbled from the And he who writ thy mournful tale, .(j)f their barouches ; of plucked pigeons and And he whose captive woes are sung ,seat of winged rooks ; of disappointed speculators and of Where eyes are dim, and cheeks are palef ruined. miners." In short, it became the "Alsatia " o f The impassioned bard, the son of woe, ' change has passed over Slept in one sleep long years ago. the period. But now another it, whether fo r the better or the worse it is not fo r us I would, and yet I would not, change to say. It has become one of tl).e favourite haunts of The magic of the haunted place, .excursionists and holiday-makers. It is visited 411 Where fancy knows so wide a range, th.rough the summer months by thousands of man�,.. Mid thoughts of woe, and shapes of grace ; facturers, of artisans, and of operC'\.tives from Liverpool Where calm and storm, and grief and joy, alild Manchester, and from the towns of Lancashire and Blend in sad truth with strange alloy. Yorkshire. Such being the case it may at first seem No, year By year, yon heavenward height, superfluous to write a description of a place so widely These billows pure, yon current's sway, kljlown and so much visited. Our answer to this must Point upwai'd to the Eternal Right, be, that the class of p�ople, who roost frequent tl).e Isle Bweep a memories, like earth-stains, away ; of Man, is not one from which ,as rule the ;readers And will probab be nature spreads a softening veil of Th e Eagle are drawn, and Lt ly O'er the lone castle's guilty tale. interesting to some to le.arn a fe w facts about a country which is not any means devoid of natural beauty, C. STANWELL, by v ...,

158 TIle Isle ofMa n. Th.e Isle of ill/an. 159

and which is peculiarly rich in objects to the height of 2024 feet. Of course no rivers rises the historian and the size can be expected in a country of so small an archceologist. of an� The Island nt, fo r the Island is not more than thirty-four miles is described shortly in the words of an exte fo urteen broad in its widest part. The largest old writer as "ane parke in ye sea, impaled with long by roc is the Sulby river, which rises on the sides of ks." There is a backbone of hills running down strt'am the ell, and after a circuitous course of some fo urteen entire length of it from N.E. to S.W., with the Snaef falls into the sea at Ramsey. The coast scenery is exception of the extreme northern part, which consists miles fine. It cannot be called grand, of a Hat and highly cultivated plain, extending from' in many places decidedly cliffs are of no very remarkable height, in no Ramsey and the Sulby river to Jurby Point and the fo r the 400 feet, but perhaps the greatest point of Ayre. This mountain chain is widest and place exceeding the place lies in the beautiful colour and highest at its northern end. The highest elevation {;harm of of the sea water, which is far more is a little above 2000 fe et, and the hills extend almost wonderful clearness " of the Mediterranean across the Island from sea to sea. Soath of the valley like the "crystalline streams y English sea. There are cliffs extend­ between Peel and Douglas the chain becomes narrower, than the ordinar part of the Island. They rise and the hills fe wer in number and of less altitude, till ing round the greater they highest at the S.W. corner, but in the north they end in the Calf Islet, which is not more than 470 fe et above the sea at its highest point. The general almost disappear. the exception of the actual moun­ and prevailing characteristic of the country is bareness. The land is, with used as pasture fo r large Hocks Trees are not altogether unknown it is true, in fa ct tain range, which is part under cultivation by the round Douglas and Ramsey there are some pleasant of sheep, fo r the most general of no great size, woods, and some of the valleys can hoast of a sprinkling plough. The farms are in in the occupation not of tenant of timber, but fo r all that, there is little wood in the and are in many cases who work their land general landscape, at least not enough to make its farmers but of small landowners, own hands, and with the assistance of one or presence felt, tho ugh things are \ not quite so bad as with their to get a very comfortable living they seem to have been in the time of <:amden, who two labourers manage of corn, beans and turnips. The fields tells us that " there is not a tree to be seen anywhere from their crops low banks of earth or· by stone walls, in the Island, but such as grow in gardens." The hills are divided by lines of th ese fe nces cutting up the are round and, almost without exception, devoid of all and the straight innumerable rectangular patches con­ beauty of outline. They have no precipitous cliffs, no country iuto to crags, rocky tribute, as might be expected, in no small degree jutting. , no and broken fa ces, but rise with beauties of the landscape. gently sloping sides covered with short turf, or in some injure the natural of the Island at the last census was cases with lovely bright purple heather and dwarf The population in a great degree of fishermen. golden gorse ..The finest of the.m in fo rm is unques­ 55,000, and consists ery is very extensive, employing tionably North Barrule, which overhangs the town of The Ma11x herring-fish including coopers, packers, curers, Ramsey, and from some points of view presents the over 1000 boats, and, men. The profits are so minutely appearance of a well-shaped peak. North Barrule, &c., more than '8000 the great competition, that in a y.ear hovvever, has to yield the palm in point of height to divided, owing to when the take falls short of the Snaefell, an awkward ungainly-looking m�untain, which (such as the present) 160 Th e Is le 0./ j}fan . The Isle of Ma n. 161

average the coast, these Norse fishermen barely earn their living. Though distributed about the whole more than half the fleet is owned in the are far more numerous at the Southern end Island test-names where the chief fishing harbours are those of Peel Island. In the southern division 60 are easily of the Port St. but 20. Hence Mary, a few others mal�ing Castletown detected, while the northern supplies headquarters. l'he pL€ture of the Manx fisher the seat of government was fixed at men, we can see why g�¥en by the author of " Betsy Lee," is not overdrawn ; Castle-town, which lies in the extreme south, in the they are a fine, open and independent Face, and then dominant race, rather than at are to very midst of the be carefully distinguished from the rough and drunken Peel. In 1264 Man was ceded by King Magnus to boatmen of Douglas. Alexander of Scotland, who obtained possession of it natives ; So far for {he general characteristics of the Island in spite of the determined opposition of the and its natives. On its history we cannot do more but on his death the Manx placed themselves under than cursorily touch. Camden gives us an amusing the protection of Edward 1. of England. From this anecdote on the authority of Giraldus Cambrensis. time the kings of England claimed-though they were He says that I' the Isle of Man lies str.etchedout in the not always able to exercise-the right of granting middle between the north parts of Ireland and Britain, seisin of the Isle of Man to various of their subjects. which raised no small stir among the ancients in In 1407 Henry IV. granted the Island in perpetuity to deciding to which of the territories it most properly Sir John Stanley ; and the Stanley family, who sub­ belonged. At last this difference was thus adju:;ted. sequently became Earls of Derby, held it fo r more Forasmuch as the venomous worms would live here, than 300 years. It then passed, through the female ·that were br,ought over fo r experiments' sake, it was line, into the fa mily of the Dukes of Athol, and was generally thought to belong to Britain." Whatever finally purchased from them in 1825, and became ' the truth of this may be, the Island see�s to have been entirely and definitely, with all the rights and privi­ tunder the dominion of Welsh kings from 503 to 888, leges of royalty, vested in the British (Srown. ;.when it was conquered by the N orthmen, who held it The Island is governed by a Legislature, which till the 13th century. Like the Western Isles, it consists of three branches ; these are was ruled by Norse J arls owning the sovereignty i. The Lord (now the sovereign of England) repre- of the No),"se .kings, and the see of Sodor (Southern sented by the Governor. Isles) ;was dependent on the Archbishop of Trondhjem. ii. The Council of nine officials, namely, the Bishop, 4mong ,the traces of Norse occupation are t.o be noticed the, Archdeacon; the two Deemsters,'" the Clerk of the the large number of ruined Crosses, which are scattered Rolls, the Attorney-General, the Receiver General, the about the country ; but a mark n;lore la$,ting still is to Water Bailiffand the Vicar-General. be foun<;l i,n the local names of Norse .origin, which iii, The twenty four Keys, representing the various speaker, and fringe the coast andappear eyen in ,the interior. Such sheadings,t towns, &c. They elect a are Peel, Jurby, Ramsey, Soderick, Langness, the presiding the one over .Stacks, Fleshwick, Col by, G-arth and Snaefell. The • The Deemsters are the Judges of the Island, They must " deem the 'Jynwald hill the 'll u1zgwollr or field of the Northern division, the other over the Southern. is meeting,'" the Isle," law truly as they will answer to the Lord of sheadings. The name seems to be ,. A,n interestill� ;flccount will be found in Mr. Isaac Taylor's "Words t The Island is divided into six Places," the Scandinavian thing, and ,P' �o,l,. derived fr om the Manx shey, six, and VOL. IX. M -' :J v

162 of lIfan. Tlt e Is le The Is le of ",fan. J93 their procedure is like that of other bodies of the Co1quitt, Kermod(e). Okell. Mylchreest. Unlike most representative bodies, however, the cumpster. Keays. Skillicorn. bers hold their seats fo r life . Curphey. Kerruish. Buphy. The assembly of these three Estates fo rms what Many are deserving of notice from the varieties in called a Tynwald court, competent to legislate. spelling, which present the same pame in different soon, then, as the Lieutenant-Governor (to give him fo rms ; such are } full style) has secured the consent of the Cregeen. } MYlrea. } Lewney. } Quaggan." sovereign to a measure already passed by the Creggin. Milra. Looney. Quaggin. and the Keys, the new law is proclaimed from Quiggin. Tynwald Hill, and then fo rms part of the statute b The .orthography of the Manx langt,tage seems peyer as an "Act of Tynwald." to have been settled. The Bishoprick of Man, some allusion to which has Having said so much as to the 1:).istory and general been already made, is said to date fr A.D. 444, om the characteristics of the Island, I now proceed to ,giv,e year of St. Patrick's landing on those shores ; and it is a short account ,of s.om.e of the more interesting places at any rate of ;very great antiquity. There are 17 which I visited in it. In company with a party of parishes in all. The chief, want of the Manx Church Johnian friends I crossed from Liverpool at the is money, fo r the whole organization is stricken with beginning of July, and after a smooth passage of six poverty. Moreover, whereas in the times of the good hours' duration we fo und ourselves in Douglas Bay. Bishops Wilson and Hildesley the Church and the Douglas, as most people are aware, is by far the people were coextensive, the Island now teems with largest town in the Island, and is now practically the Dissenters of different sects. As far as one can find only port which communicates with the outer world . .out, the Church and clergy are still much respected In fo rmer times such was not the case. There were and beloved, though things are hardly in the same then fo ur ports of much t1:).e same size and �mportance. case now as they were in the time of Camden, who, These were Castletown, fe.ei, Douglas anq. Ramsey. quoting a letter fr om the Bishop of the time, says : They were entered by vessels of small draught, whicl). "The people are wonderfu l religious and all of them amply sufficed fo r the carriage of exports and imports zealously conformable to the Church of England." fr om and to the districts of the Isle, which they The name Sodor is a witness to the union in early represent. But many Causes have combined to raise times of the Southern Isles of Scotland with Man Douglas to its present positiop. First, the running under one Bishop. of a line of steam-packets from Liverpool to that port ; It will not be out of place here to give a short list and next, the improvem.ent of the insular roads con­ of pers(mal names, common among the natives, com­ necting Douglas with the other ports and their q.is­ piled from graveyards and other sources. They are all tricts. The last thing, whic1:). has w9rked in this q.irl'lc­ curious, though not by any means all euphon ious. tion, is the railway, whicl). at pr.esent consists of two Corpin. Kaighin. Quayle. Dulgan. lines branching out from D.ouglas to Peel anq. Port Cudd. Kinvig. Qualtrough. Senocles. Erin respectively. The first of these lines, t1:).at from Cooin. Kewley. Shim min. J oughin. Douglas to Peel, was opened !g,st winter, and the Cleator. Kermeen. Moughtin. Freel. · second on t he I st of Augl:lst last, pouglas j-s certainly ;r,1 2 v"

164 T!t� Isle of Man. Th e Is le 01 Ma n. 165 of the next one, a pretty town when seen fr om the surrounding f this valley, or more probably the Santonburn, that the scene built round the edge of a deep and well-curved hrOugh which flows and � is laid, so picturesquely described climbing here and there up the hills, of the Black Fort the Peak. There is nothing rise gradually behind it. But it cannot be said to by Scott in Peveril of Soderick and Castletown, deserving of the extravagant praises lavished on it worth noticing between Port of Ballasalla, which its admirers, fo remost among which are of course with the exception of the village ancient abbey of Rushen. Manx guide-books, which call it the " British N contains the ruins of the fo und them, fo r "the Baiae of the present day," and such-like Most uninteresting ruins, however, we prosperous abbey but and high-sounding titles. External beauty is there is nothing left of the once box-like all that Douglas can boast, fo r the town itself is one small vaulted chamber and two hideous thing but charming. The streets are narrow, towers. and ill-built, and the general air of the place is Castletown is a picturesque old town of some 5000 Island, and objectionable. Most of the houses are either inhabitants, and is the political capital of the in or lodging-houses, and the style of the visitors fo r here it is that the Keys hold their deliberations inhabi­ best be gathered from the abundance of music-hall!! a mean-looking, modern building, which the ur Par­ "Public Lounges," and dancing-saloons, which tants proudly point out to visitors as "o round be seen in every direction. There is nothing liament house." The town clusters close rises ever of interest in the town, nor indeed the walls of the ancient Castle of Rushen, which fortresses in the immediate neighbourhood, if we except in the middle, and is one of the two great of the 12th churchyard of Kirk Braddan, the parish church of Man. It is an ancient keep, probably height and Douglas, situated about a mile off, where there century, of rectangular form, considerable outer line of several old Runic crosses, rather broken and defaceu; great solidity. Round this runs an now partially but still in sufficiently good preservation to be defence, below which again is a moat, the· worthy of a visit. filled up, commanded by the flanking towers at is a glacis, the We spent two months at Port Erin, a little angles of the wall. Beyond the moat to Cardinal Wolsey, on the south-west coast; and during that time mad construction of which is ascribed as guardian to a ourselves pretty well acquainted with the whole of who was at one time in commission succeeded southern portion of the Island. It would be minor of the Stanley fa mily, who had in 1521 whole building is in to go into details as to all this, so I will merely to the Lordship of Man. The employed as the a rapid sketch of the country. Following the excellent preservation, and is chiefly Island seems always from Douglas to Port Erin, we come first to insular prison. The crime of the if we may judge Soderick, a pretty little cove guarded by steep bold to preserve a dead level of uniformity, Castle Rushen ; for. cliffs, which are pierced here and there with fantastic from the number of prisoners in we paid to th� castle caverns. The cove is fo rmed by a little rivulet, which on all the three visits which stay in the neighbour­ here finds its way down to the sea through a winding during the two months of our pompous ,)fficial, who valley, just one of those valleys with which Man hood, we were informed by the number of pri.soners was abounds-narrow, green, rocky and lonely, and, clothed shewed us over, that the thi� numb�r was, like here and there with wood. It was in the upper part twenty-two. Perhaps, however, :} V

]66 Tile Is le of Man. .The Isle of Jl1an. 167

all the rest of the information he gave us, learned consisting merely of a few port Erin is very small, rote SOme years ago. Within the walls of the which do a thriving ermen's cottages and two inns, is fish also the Rolls Office, where the archives are mer j but there seems every reason trade during the sum It stands on the southern bank of the stream it will soon become a large and for supposing that the Silverburn, which here runs into the sea and -stage is already in much-frequented place. A landing a creek, the harbour of Castletown. is intended to have a line of course of erection, and it An uninteresting piece oflow coast intervenes bet railway fr om Douglas, steamers to Ireland, and the Castletown and Port St. Mary, a considerable rendered it very easy which has just been opened, has second only in importance as a fishing station to Pee certainly has many l of access from England. The place but beyond Port St. Mary is to be fo und some of the beach at the head of natural advantages-a firm sandy cliffscener y in the Island, N ear here, at the top of of clear seas and the bay, capital bathing, the clearest cliffs, are some very remarkable fissures, many of th Channel to the distant a wide view across the Irish not more than two feet wide, and from jagged out­ two to lVIourne mountains, which, with their bold hundred fe et deep, and close to these "chasms," like a blue line. are to be seen on a clear day resting they call them, at the bottom of the cliff and pleasant walks detached cloud on the horizon. There are many from it, there rises up from the sea a glorious Close at hand is conical too to be had in the country round. bifurcated rock. The view of this its black­ from above, with Fleshwick bay, a lovely retired cove with countless sea birds wheeling- and circling and about it, .and green cliffs and romantic caverns, its emerald turf the lovely blue green of the sea all good hills also round it, is sin. deep purple sea. There are several gularly beautiful. Another mile brings carpet of us opposite the near-the Carnanes with their richly-coloured Calf, a small rocky islet separated ey-Lhaa (the from the main land gorse and fern and heather, Cronk-na-Ir by a channel less than a quarter of of ] 600 feet a mile in breadth, hill of western day) rising to the height the navigation of which is very dangerous, Barrule, which is as the tide straight out of the sea, and South sets through it with tremendous wide view of the fo rce. The well worth climbing, if only fo r the contains 800 acres of land, and is be o-otained fr om chiefly used for . whole southern part o.f the Island to grazing purposes. It is not, however, a very eligible its summit. farm, fo r the cattle can only our party be brought across Our sojourn at Port Erin ended, and to the mainland by swimming th fr iend determined e channel, and broken up, I and one enterprising many of them are often lost in the th, which we had transit. After a on a walk over the country to the nor two mile walk over an upland moor, on by a visit to Peel, which are to be not yet seen. We began our little tour found several distinct Druidical stone excellence of the Island, circles, through the great fishing station par Craigneesh, a primitive little village, fr coast. We fo und om which the situated half-way up the western old Manx language has not yet died which is like all the out, we see little to interest us in the town, beneath us the horseshoe bay of Port Erin. irregularly built, and A pretty towns of Man, mean-looking and bay it is, guarded at its mouth by the bold unsavoury description. and lofty abounding in smells of the most headland of Bradda, and protected from the centres in the castle, fu ll force But the whole interest of theplace of the Irish sea by a breakwater formed of colour, and fo r pictu­ huge. blocks which for beauty of fo rm and of concrete tumbled one upon another. The by few ruins in the village of resqueness of situation, is surpassed 168 Th e Isle ofMa n. Th e Is le of Ma n. 169

British Isles. It is protection of public liberty, a ragged pile of red sandstone, 'flzZ1zg, which, for the occupyi�g the whole of a high, rocky peninsula, in the open air, in presence of the assembled or, I was held should rather say, island, fo r it is only connect le, and conducted by the people's chiefs and ed peop with the mainland by a solid stone causeway. es."· The hill is said to have been fo rmed We representativ approached it by a ferry across fr om each of the parishes in the stream, which forms of earth brought here the harbour of shape, rising in the town, and it was from the ferry the island, and is of a remarkable boat that the extent of 12 fe et. From and massive strength of the fabric four circular platforms to a height year are pro­ appeared to most advantage. Climbing a steep flight this place on the 5th of July in each of stone steps, and passing under a strong gatewa y mulgated the laws which have been passed since the tower, we fo und ourselves on the open space within last Tynwald meeting. the walls. The first thing to be noticed is the presence Leaving the Douglas road we next turned up a of no less than two churches within the castle precincts, valley which runs up northwards into the mountains, the parish church of St. Patrick and the Cathedral of and fo rms the bed of a clear, noisy brook. Very St. German. Both are in ruins, but the latter still pleasant we fo und this valley, especially some fo ur retains some of its old beauty, especially in the remains miles further up, when we reached the Rhenass water­ of its fine Early English choir, which reminded us fall. This waterfall, though the largest in the island, much of the choir of Jesus Chapel. We spent some is not very tremendous, but it is pretty as far as it time walking on the ramparts overlooking the sea, goes, the stream descending altogether some 60 or tracing out the grass-grown tilting ground, and visit­ 70 fe et in several distinct cascades ; but the prettiest ing the ancient guard-room, the weird old legend of thing was the view from an overhanging 'rock down which is to be fo und in the Appendix to Scott's the glen, up which we had just come. Wood and "Peveril of the Peak ;" and as we left the castle my water and rock and mountain combined to make a companion, waxing suddenly poetical, repeated to me really lovely picture, and the boom of the falling the lines of Wordsworth :- water close beneath us added to the charm of the And this huge Castle, standing here sublime, spot. We traced the stream to its source in the hills, I love to see the look with Which it braves­ and then rejoining the main road from Peel we Cased in the unfeeling armour of old time- trudged on to the village of Kirk Michael, getting The lightning, the fierce wind, and trampling waves."" on the way some fine views of the mountains inland. Leaving Peel we set out along the Douglas road, and Kirk Michael is a considerable village situated after a three mile tramp reached the Tynwald hill, one about a quarter of a mile from the coast on the road of the most interesting spots in the island. " Hither," between Peel and Ramsey. It contains a pretentious says Cumming, "for the last 400 years at least, have and hideous church built in the most debased style of the people of Mnn gathered to hear the laws by which the Georgian era and coated with very remarkable they should be governed. Here, in the midst of the orange-coloured plaster. But we fo und the ugliness British dominions, fa r apart from its pare nt source, of the church amply atoned for by the interest attach­ is found the last remains of the old Scandinavian ing to the church-yard. Not only is this the burial­ but it can boas • Wordsworth's place of the bishops of the diocese, t 'Nature and the Poet,' suggested by a picture of Peel Castle in a storm. • Cumming's Guide to the Isle of Man, p, 108. Ij V

170 Th e Isle of j}fan. Th e Isle of .Man. 171

of six or seven capital specimens of Runic cros Barrule. To the North the island ended in the point The three best of these have been moved from of Ayre, a:nd the country between us and it looked as original position, and set up by the churchyard_ flat as the fe ns of Cambridgeshire. On the west, Peel one on the wall island rock, on each side of it, and one on castle stood out well upon its and be­ pedestal opposite to it. This latter is perhaps hind it, in close proximity, rose the peaks of South finest and most perfect in the island. It is a Barrule and Cronk-na-irey-Lhaa. But the great boast angular block of schist, about ten fe et high and of Snaefell is, that from it are visible on a clear day inches thick, and is most elaborately carved on at one and the same moment the mountains of North faces with figures of men and dogs and horses, Wales and Cumberland, the whole stretch of the south curious patterns of all kinds. Round the sides coast of Scotland, and the north of Ireland with the' an inscription in Runic characters, setting fo rth chain of blue Mourne mountains in County Down. " Joalf , the son of Thoralf the Red, erected this We, however, had to content ourselves with the sight to his mother Frida.", The whole thing is in of the Isle of Man alone, fo r there was a haze over fully good preservation, and much of the carving the sea, which hid all beyond it, though we fa ncied as sharp and fresh as if it hc:d only lately come that we caught a glimpse of the Mull of Galloway. the sculptor's chisel. It did not take long to descend the mountain, and Refreshed by a good night's rest at the Bishop' we soon fo und ourselves near the S{)urce of the Sulby Arms in Kirk Michael, we started next morning river, and proceeded to make our way down Sulby walk across the mountains to Ramsey. We glen. Sulby glen is perhaps the prettiest of the valleys up a steep narrow road leading inland, and after of Man, and this is saying no lit tle fo r it, fo r Man long climb we fo und ourselves on the ridge is pre-eminently a land of pretty valleys. Six miles Slieu Dhoo and Slieu ne Fraughane. Opposite or so from its commencement we reached the end of us we saw Snaefell, a long-backed awkward-Iookin the glen, and saw before us the fiat northern plain, hill, with two mysterious excrescences on the top ; with the churches of Andreas and Bride, and a range which, on closer inspection, we discovered to be of low hills on the horizon about five miles off, marking rough huts put up fo r the convenience of tourists. the line of the sea coast. Here the Sulby river turns We made straight for it, but it was some time before offsharply to the left in a north-easterly direction ; and we reached the top, uwing to the broken nature of we joined the high road from Peel to Ramsey, which a great deal of the ground. Once there, we paused keeps along the river bank. We had now reached the and looked around us. The view which met our eyes northern extremity of the mountain range, where the was very striking, and well worth a fa r harder climb. hills break down into the plain in bold spurs covered The whole length and breadth of the island lay with waving pine trees, and forming between them mapped out at our feet, with the coast line sharply picturesque dells and dark sombre recesses. The defined against the blue sea. To the south we saw scene reminded me much of the edge of the Cotswold the Calf of Man and Castletown, with the guardian Hills in Gloucestershire, where they fa ll into the tower of Rushen Castle. Douglas bay lay below us, Severn valley. We passed the parish church of Lezayre but the town (a pity the of Douglas was hidden by an intervening "bosomed high in tufted trees," church hill, and so was Ramsey, which nestles under North itself is not more worthy of its surroundings), and as IJ v

172 Th e Is le o.fMa n. Th e Is le 0/ lV.fan. 173

we neared Ramsey fr om its exposed situation, and we passed several nice much weather-worn standing in park-like of the sandstone of which it is made. grounds, and fancied ourselves in from the softness . England as we is very large, much the largest in the listened to the cawing of the rooks The churchyard in the kingdom. It extends fine old elms. Soon we entered Ramsey, island, perhaps the largest in the passed fo und it well worth down the quay, which extends for a quarter over five acres of land, and we tomb­ a-mile along the river side. Then we crossed while searching among the innumerable hideous we dis­ quaint little market-place and came out upon stones fo r Runic stones, nine or ten of which scarcely re­ beach. covered ; some so much defaced as to be but all Ramsey lies in a bay open to the east, and cognisable, others in really good preservation, of them straight across to the English coast and the Lake m thoroughly worth examining. They are most The church is tains. To the north there stretches away a low line of the fo rm known as "wheel-crosses." though with of red sandstone cliffs ending in the point of Ayre. one of the regular type of Manx churches, most. It con­ On the southern side the bay is guarded by the lofty more pretensions to architecture than by narrow lancet headland of Maughold. The town is sheltered by the sists of one long low nave lighted west end by a bell northern slopes of North Barrule, whtch rises high windows, and surmounted at the rope from the above it, and it can boast of more wood around it th�n turret, the bell in which is rung by a ' usage. The any other place in the island. Not only are. there outside, according to the ordinary Manx style ; the tracery woods all round the town, but the trees at one or two west 'window is in the perpendicular uty, but it is in­ points come close down to the water's edge. The is heavy and not remarkable fo r bea left in the effect of this is very charming, especially in one place, teresting as being the only old tracery where a real little mountain glen, with its trees and island. way back into grass and brook, opens right upon the beach itself. Leaving Maughold, we made our is carried along We spent the night at Ramsey, and started next the Ramsey and Douglas road, which at some height morning for Douglas. We did not keep to the road, the eastern side of the mountains at length to the but turned aside from it to pay a visit to the little above the sea, and which brought us of Laxey village of Maughold, which stands upon the headland, village of Laxey, which lies at the mouth but, as to which it gives its name. There is a pretty green glen, the best known of all the Manx glens, to Sulby. It in the middle of the village, with a pleasant parsonage we agreed, not nearly equal in beauty fa r tamer. Eight overlooking it, standing in a neat, gay garden, and is broader, barer, straighter and and we found our­ surrounded by a grove of tall spreading fuschias. But miles more of uninteresting road ended our walk. though the place is by no means deficient in natural selves once more in Douglas. Thus the Isle of Man beauties, its main interest is for the archooologist, fo r The next day saw us on board fe ll," en route for no place in Man possesses so many Runic stones. steamship company's boat, "Snae of six hours at sea There is one upon the green itself, very like, though Liverpool ; but not even the horrors vessel could efface from not so good as, the large one at Kirk Michael already on a rough day in a crowded of our little sojourn described, a.nd there are many more in the churchyard. our minds the pleasant recollection Close to the church-gate stands a singularly the Manxmen. graceful among H. W. S. pillar-cross, very richly and elaborately carved, but I J

An Ep z'tapIL. l75

Be, forger-like, "vould utter notes That passed among the crowd ; Yet ev,ery note of his was true, �nd every .one aloud. AN EPITAPH. To solve his inconsistencies Surpasses human hope, (AFTER TOM HOOD). A man who made the finest chords, HERE, Yet could not spin a rope. waiting fo r the trumpet's note Doth lie poor Richard Clay, In all his sm.oothest passages Whose fo rte was the piano-forte, A cr.otchet y.ou might trace ; His only work to play. He taught men what was right, and yet He He taught them what was bass. could compose with such success As oft increased his pelf; The man's a perfect parad.ox, And if his compositions fa iled, Se all his neighb.ours sw.ore ; He could compose himself. For while he wr.ote a single line 'Twas knQwn he wrote a score. The mark, at which through life he aimed, Was strictest harmony, Describe his v.oice, and y.our acc.ount Of c.ontradicti.on savours, Yet never mortal man combined Such opposites as he. A v.oice that ever s.ounded firm Yet ever s.ounded quavers. In childhood's early days he loved When twelve years .old, he sang SQ str.ong, To play upon the keys ; And in the A treble v.oice 'twas reck.oned ; scales of life found nought So natural as C's. And when it br.oke, th.ough heard al.one, Y.ou'd v.ow you heard a second. And yet he was no mariner, N or Th.ough Time runs swiftly, Richard Clay was the sea his choice ; The CQuld beat time slew or fast ; only compass that he knew, But Time has pr.oved the better hQrse, The compass of the voice. And beaten him at last. On British soil his life was spent, By practising whate'er he taught, A truth you'd scarce divine ; He kept a rule sublime ; For fo reign airs he'd often breathed, N.or can his life mis-spent be called, And been below the line. Who never lost his time. He always knew the proper pitch, Such was the ten.or .of his ways, Tho:ugh ignorant of tar ; N.ought base lay 'neath that breast ; He'd never crossed a harbG>ur's mouth, But, ah ! his time was over-quick, Yet been thr:G>ugh 1nany a bar. Se death inserts a rest ! SERMO. I) .J

Ratlway Retrospects. 1 77

signal success provoked imitation, the more so as shares had at least doubled in value ; and railways were soon projected to all sorts of possible and im­ possible places. In 1836 about 450 mires of railway were completed and 3'50 miles were in progress of construction ; by the end of 1843 more than 2000 ruiles had been opened, and more than 5000 at the RAILWAY RETROSPECtS. end of 1848. The total capital raised by shares MONG and loans up to this time amounted to more than m� my literary treasures is a Bradsh twO hundred millions ;· while the number of persons � for 1848, a quaint little volume, meagre - employed on railways in the United Kingdom in 1848 attenuated by the side of its portly succeS SOrll (a year of exceptional activity) was a quarter of a There are only 94 pages of railway time-tables, these million. time-tables are by no means inconvenien Not less remarkable during these years was the crowdecl with trains. The map too, while it increase of power in the locomotive engine. When most of our main lines and many branches near the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was planned most important towns, is a curious contrast to locomotive power was not an essential feature of the present elaborate piece of net-work. My little scheme, nor was a speed contemplated beyond that of an shaw suggests a train of thought on the vast ordinary vehicle drawn by horses. Whatever were the crease of our railway system ; and then of comes hopes and beliefs of engineers, they were kept in the. the question, why not make a note of it ? enthusiast back-ground rather than otherwise, lest over-sanguine myself about railway matters, why d speculation should affront British common sense and of finding a brother lunatic among the readers Th e Eagle scare Parliamentary committees. Finally the directors ? Besides railways appeal to all, iTl.v our of the railway offered a premium fo r the .best engine most cherished retreats, murdering sleep that should draw three times its own weight on a Macbeth, killing us too often to be pleasant. level at 10 miles an hour. Stephenson's Rocket alone one then may warm to the subject ; as even staunchest hater accomplished the required distance. It was the first of politics has been fo und to engine made in Englandt with multitubular flues, and quite a lively interest in the reasons for his own capitation. having also the blast directed up the funnel, contained, To begin at like Tyndall's atom, the " promise and potenc y" of all the beginning, the first great fact in English that followed. railway history is the opening of the Liver­ pool and Mancheste In 1830 the mean speed attained was under 1 5 r Railway in 1830.. Almost im­ media miles an hour, the highest under 30. In 1838 the tely the thirty stage-coaches which ran between these towns were with one exception take while n off, • According to Captain Tyler's recent report, 16,082 miles were open the number of travellers increased threefold. ThiS in the United Kingdom in December 1873, representing an outlay of £588,320,3°8. • The Stockton and Darlington Railway was opened fo r gen eral traffic in t M. Seguin had already applied the tubular boiler on the Lyons and 1825, and locomotives had been used on mine and colliery railways since the beginning of the centUlY. St. Etienne Railway in 1829. VOL. lX. N '1 v

1]8 Raz'lway Retrospects. Railway Retrospects. 179

average speed of passenger trains, including express train between Didcot and Pad­ the ordinary was from 20 to 27 miles an hour, with a load of an average rate, including dington in 47! minutes ; 40 tons, the highest rate being 50 miles. In ly 67 miles an hour. 1848 starting and stopping, of near best passenger engines on the narrow gauge Some slight modifications were afterwards made in the calculated to be capable of conveying a train lly unaltered ; of 1 pattern, but the type remained essentia tons, including engine and tender, re­ at 40 miles an and these same engines, the boilers having been on a level, an d a train of 110 tons at gauge 60 miles. newed when necessary, still work the broad Perhaps however the Great Western line offers the express traffic of the Great Western. Though extra­ most interesting example of the rapid development vagant in their consumption of fuel, and deficient in locomotive power. g The youn er BruneI, who was some modern appliances, it may be doubted if they pointed its engineer, fo resaw an enormous have ever been surpassed in the work fo r which they in railway traffic, and so early as 1833 proposed an were constructed-the rapid conveyance of passenger enlargement of the ordinary 4 fe et 8�· inch gauge to trains on a comparatively straight and level line. 7 feet. He contemplated at that time a speed of about Now that the broad gauge, doubtless from sound 45 miles with loads of about 80 tons. On the opening financialreasons, is doomed to speedy extinction, one the of railway in 1838 engines of various patterns is tempted to linger with regret over the days of its were tried, testifying to the ingenuity of their builders. early prime, and sees in these great engines a pre­ One had 6-feet driving-wheels, which by means of Adamite creation, destined to leave no descendants, ma cogs de 3 revolutions to each stroke of the piston ; and to give place to a smaller and feebler race. another had a • pair of lo-ft>et wheels, and as a rule The rapid advance of the Great Western stimulated declined either to start or stop : all of them were of course the rival narrow gauge lines. The battle deficient in boiler power. About 1840 the engines of the gauges was keenly fought on their side, and constructed , from the designs of Mr. D. Gooch. the plan after plan produced to combine a boiler of suffi­ Locomotive Superintendent, began to be placed upon cient size with the two essential points, as they were the line. They had 7-feet driving-wheels, and 829 then consid ered-a high wheel fo r speed and a low fe of heating et surface, and were fo und to be capable centre of gravity to ensure steadiness. The problem of taking an average train at a mean speed of 50 miles was solved by the introduction of the Crampton an hour. with a maximum of about 60. Mr. Gooch engine. Crampton removed the driving-axle to the informed the Gauge Comm issioners in 1845, that the rear of the fire-box, and lowered the boiler so as just distance from Didcot to Paddington, 53 miles, was to clear the axles of the carrying wheels ; the cylin­ often run under the hour. These engines were fo llowed ders and valve-gear being of course placed outside. 1846-7 by the Great Britain in class, with 8 wheels, The grandest Crampton engine ever built, the Liver­ 8-feet single driving-wheels, cylinders and her 18 inches by 24, pool, a worthy rival of the Great Britain total heating surfa ce 1952 and square feet. The perform­ younger sisters, was placed on the London ance of these engines was as the unprecedented. They N orth Western line in 1849, and announced were found to a had possess maximum speed of about 72 most powerful engine in the world. She eight miles, and an admirable power of maintaining steam. wheels, 8-feet driving-wheels, cylinders 18 inches by The Great Britain is twice recorded to have run with 24, and 2290 feet of heating surface. Her perform- N2 18m Raz'luJay Ret?'ospects. Ra,z'lway Ret1'ospects. 181 ances were great ; but she was soon disused, engines are employed, the pattern most in owing to the inherent defect of the Crampton powerful great at present being that in general use on the weight placed of necessity at each vogue th Western, with which proved injurious to the rails and p l\1idland and London and Nor four driving-wheels, and cylinders way. A Crampton engine is now scarcely to be 6-feet 6Jinches coupled will take a very in England. There are many however in 24 i nches by 17 or 18. Such an engine of 45 miles, and if re­ especially on the Chemin de Fer du Nord, where heavy train a: t a mean speed and 70 with a lighter work the express trains from Paris to Amiens, quired would reach between 60 is now the chief re­ are said to be favourites with the drivers. They load. Tractive power however well worth study as representing an interesting quirement rather than excessive speed. now by gone type. I may add a fe w notes as to the present rate of known as typical English engineers presently ceased to trouble trains, taking two or three of the best stands first with the selves about a low centre of gravity, and fo und instances. The Great Western the distance be­ a high driving-wheel less essential than a good-sized Exeter express, which accomplishes n Paddington and Exeter, 193! miles, in 41- hours, cylinder and a boiler able to supply' it with sufficient' twee an average, including fo ur stoppages, of nearly 46 steam. The narrow-gauge engines now con • the average diffe r materially in pattern from those built miles an hour : exclusive of stoppages, miles between Pad­ five years ago, but the increase in their power rate is slightly over 50. The 77 87 minutes without stop­ not been great. Power in fact was attained not dington and Swindon take Between Bristol and Exeter this train is taken any new invention but by enlarging the boiler, and page. of a very curious make, with 9-feet the limits of convenient size were pretty well reached by tank-engines driving-wheels, and a fo ur-wheeled bogie at each by 1849. Experiments in pace too proved more in­ single They are said to have run at 80 miles an hour, teresting to engineers than remunerative to share­ end. admirably with a light train. holders ; and by this time the rival , gauges were and certainly travel the Scotch express by the Great Northern securely established in their respective territories. I do Next comes of which the time is-Peterborough, 76t miles, not propose to pursue the engine question fu rther ; but route, York, 188i- miles, 4t hours ; Edinburgh, 397 it may be interesting to give some details of the new l� hour ; : average to Edinburgh, including Great Northern 8-wheeled express engines, undoubtedly miles, 9! hours minutes' stay at York, nearly 42 miles an hour. the finest passenger engines of the present day. They twenty London and North Western route the journey have single 8-feet driving-wheels, the front of the By the takes 10 hours and 10 engine being supported on a 4-wheeled to Edinburgh, 397'� miles, bogie, cylin­ 22 minutes ; to Glasgow, 404� miles, 10 hours and ders 18 inches by 28, heating surface I 165 feet. about 39 miles an hour in both cases. Thus, while the cylinders are larger than those of the minutes ; mail accomplishes the distance between Great Britain or Liverpool, the tube surface of the The Irish Ho1yhead, 264 miles, at an average pace modern engine is very decidedly less, the boiler being Euston and 40 miles an hour, This run from Ho1y­ of much the same size. One of these engines has taken of not quite the time of the Trent sixteen carriages 15 miles in 12 minutes, an achieve­ head gained celebrity at when the eagerly looked-for despatches ment probably unparalleled. On most railways less affair in 1862, from America were conveyed to London in precisely 182 Raz'lway Ret1'ospects.

5 hours. The engine ran to Stafford without .. at an average rate of 54t miles an hour, picking � water from a trough placed between the rails, an i tion then first introduced, and now in general use the line. These, with the South Western journey Exeter, I 70i lIliles, in 41 hours, are the most im runs of any length. Comparing them with the times MY FIRST-BORN. 1848 I find a decided increase in the average speed SEE thee in thy cradle lying, trains, and more especially a general diminution in I thee oft at midnight crying ; number of stoppages with expresses. Sometimes I hear find it rather trying, ever the alteration is the other way. In 1848 SVULU. I sometimes My little boy's ampton was reached in 1 hour and 50 minutes ; Incessant noise. 2t hours at least are required. In 1854 the Eastern express took 1 hour and 25 minutes tq C I hear thee in the noontide squalling, bridge and 31- hours to Norwich ; the time is I hear thee still when eve is falling ; Cambridge I t hour, Norwich 4 hours. It's really growing quite appalling, At present railways seem in a stationary state. My little boy's carriages certainly are better than they were, Increasing noise. otherwise there is little improvement : the same I left my books, tuality ; the same due proportion of accidents, Was it fo r this gentle looks ? pace with the increase of traffic ; the same over­ To study Clara's of rural nooks, officials ; the same unappetising refreshments-such Is this the charm boy's their monotonous and unattractive traits. To hear that noise ? by way of variety, we may begin to go back soon. Perpetual Even now certain directors seem anxious to crowd Quick, Mary Anne, run to the shop three passengers into the space of two ; possibly For Mrs. Winslow's soothing drop, may combine hereafter to they impose upon us the Or anything that will but stop additional boon of continental slowness. That wretched boy's NOTr .-This brief sketch relating to English railways only, I have said Distracting noise. nothing of the various improvements effected by foreign locomotive engineers to meet the exigencies of heavy loads and long inclines. Nor have I space scorning Ah ! now I see what comes of to describe the Fairlie double· bogie engine, an invention perhaps destined fr iend Crelebs' kindly warning ; some day to revolutionise railway practice. Those who have seen its wonder. My oId or morning, ful performances in rounding curves and hauling loads on the Festiniog I'm never quiet, night 2·feet gauge railway can easily imagine its powers on a larger scale. From that young boy's Several of Mr. Fairlie's engines have been exported, but I am not aware Eternal noise. that any aTe nOw in use on an ordinary English railway. QUONDAM SOCIUS. G. OMom'cle. Ottr J8s

ILR.H. the Duke of Oonnaught stayed at Oambridge with his regiment on August 7th, and visited St. John's Ohapel. fie was received by the President and the Fellows in residence. The following Members of the College have been Ordained ce our last issue : OUR CHRONICLE. sin O,� Trinity Sunday.-DEACONS: J. F. W. Trumper, J. L. Proctor, T. J. C. Gardner, W. A. Jones, W. S. '\Vood, A. P. Hockin, Mzchaelnzas Term, 1874. R. Longwood, E. A. Fewtrell, H. G. ,\Villacy, J. H. Street, J. P. Da.vies, T. powell, H. T. Wood, A. Gwyther, C. W. Power. PRIESTS: R. C. On June Atkinson, A. Butler, G. Trundell, W. J. F. Hanbury, T. Alston, F. A. loth, at a Meeting of the Masters and Sixteen Senior Fellows, the following were S. Reid, T. B. Spencer, P. H. Jackson, J. H. R. Kirby, F. Case, P. Ellis. elected Honorary Fellows: On Sunday, 20th September.-DEACONS: G. Hodges, A. C. Higgs, G. J. J. C. Adams, M.A., F.R.S., Lowndean Professor of Astronomy. Athill, J. Bm'ham, H. H. Oliver, W. Alrnack,H. F. Pinder, H. J. Atkins, H. I. Very Rev. C. Merivale, D.D., Dean of Ely. Kilner, H. J. Cheesman, C. Packer. PRIESTS: F. Tobin, W. L. Wilson, To 1. dhunte�, M.A., F.R.S. H. J. Newton, W. H. Briddon, J. P. Farler, R. Browne. At the same meeting W. H. Miller, M.D., F.R.S., Professor EXHIBITIONERS. of Mineralogy, was elected to a Foundation Fellowship. Third Year.-Baker, Batten, Body, E. R. Carr, Crawley, Greenhill, On November 2nd the following were elected to Foundation Henderson, Knightly, Lamplugh, Marshall, W. Moss, Scott, Slack, T. W. Fellowships : Thomas, Wellacott. Second Year.-Easton, Harg-J'eaves, Horner, London, McFarland, Max­ William Arthur Haslam, M.A.; bracketed Sixth Wrangler, 187o� well, Morgan, Murray, Penny, Simpkinson, E. A. Stuart, H. Wace, J. T. Herbert Somerton Foxwell, M.A.; First in Moral Sciences Tripos, 1871; Ward. First Whewell's Scholar for International Law, 1872. First Year.-Bell, Griffin, Heath, Jacohs, J. S. Jones, Kikuchi, McAlister, John Collins, B.A.; 'Sixth Marwood, Murton, Pendlebury, T. S. Tait, Warren, A. R. Wilson. Charles Henry Herbert Cook, B.A.; Sixth Wrangler, Cla 1872. FOUNDATION SCHOLARS. ssic, 1871. Theodvre Thomas Gurney, B.A.; bracketed Third Wrangler, 1873; r o Bell's University Scholar. Thi,-d Yea .- Cl ugh, Hildyard, Langley, Milne, Nock, G. S. Raynor, William Garnett, B.A.; S taffurth, Wellacott. bracketed Fifth Wrangler, 1873; Demonstrator of Experimental Physics. Second Year.-Hargreaves, Hunt, Mc Farland, Morgan, G. H. Raynor, The MacMahon Simpkinson, Talbot, H. Wace, J. T. Ward. Law Studentship has been awarded PROPER S IZARS. F. O. to Bayard, B.A. (Second in First Class of Law Tripos, Second Year.-J. G. Ambridge, Coggin, Homer, Treadgold, Trustram. 1873)' There are now four Studentships, so that one will First Year.-Heath, McAlister, T. S. Tait. vacant fall every year. The election to the N aden Divinity MIDSUMMER EXAMINATION, 1874. Studentship is deferred till Easter Term. 'Ihird Year (First Class).-Body, Scott, Lamplugh, Wellacott. SIR JOHN HERSCHEL'S P�IZE FOR ASTRONOMY.-Lamplugh. On November 7th, the Master, Professor Adams, Dr. Parkinson were and Secmtd Year (Fi,-st Class).-J. T. Ward, Morgan, Hargreaves, McFarland, elected on the Council of the Senate. Talbot, Easton, Homer, Penny, Coggin, J. G. Ambridge. Mr. Gwatkin and Mr. Frederick Watson have been appointed First Year (First Class).-Heath, McAlister, C. Pendlebury, T. S. Tait, Theological Lecturers. ' Griffin, Marwood, Kikuchi, A. R. Wilson, Murton, J. S. Jones, Bell, Dr. Bradbury has been elected a Jacobs, E. P. Rooper, Dyson and S. H. Thomas teq., Northcott, Bagshaw Fellow of the Royal a College of Physicians. and Bl ckett teq., Caister and Luce teq., Vaughan, Fox and Jeffrey teq., Mr. Moorhouse has been Horny, W. B. Lowe, Tillard, East, Robinson, H. P. Carr, J. Phillips, appointed Chaplain in Ordinary Warren, Hatfield, R. J. Woodhouse, Parker. to the Queen. NATURAL SCIENCES EXAMINATION. Mr. Colson has been appointed an Honorary Canon of First Class.-Clough, Langley, A. M. Marshall, M. Stewart. Rochester. LAW EXAMINATION. Mr. Garrod has been appointed Professor of Comparative THIRD YEAR. -First Class: Hildyard, Carr. Anatomy at King's College, London. SECOND YEAR.-First Class: Trustram, Thornber. were awarded to (I) E. A. Stuart, Mr. Cook has been appointed Professor of Mathematics The Prizes for READING IN CHAPEL the College at Christchurch, in (2) C. Jackson. Canterbury, New Zealand. SIZARS. The Rev. J. B. Slight, M.A., one of the Assista October 1 Ith.-E. Adamson, W. A. Bond, W. Boyce, J. Brown of nt Masters Elected Brighton College, has been appointed Head W. F. BUl'ville, R. W. Elsey, C. E. Gaussen, E. Gepp, A. T. S. Goodrick.' -Master of the : Grammar School, King's Lynn. ,\V. R. Hannam, F. T. S. Houghton, T. Lattimer, J. H. Mackie, R. H The bridge over the trench between Marsh, G. A. Matthew, J. S. S. Penkivil, H. C. l'insent*, R. H. Ryland' the grounds of Trinity J. Willan. and St. john's has been A. Sells, W. H. Widgery, W. completed at the cost of about £60. • Elected for distinction in Cambridge Local Examination. 186 Our ChromCle. Our Ohronicle. 187

A Sizarship, together with an Exhibition of £20 per an COLLEGE EXAMINATIONS. for two years, will b e given to the best Senior Candidate i Un£vers£ty Local Exam£nations held 1874, 1875, who shall (A.) further notice, there be obtained the mark of distinction in both Pure and App I. In the year 1875, and until will Spec£al Exanzz"naHons)n Theology, Mathematics; and a like Prize for the best Candidate at in the Easter Term several Classics, Natural Sciences, Moral Sciences, Law, same Examination who shall have obtained the mark of distlUc� Mathematics, tion both in Latin and Greek. and History, arranged as follows: The Examinations will occupy eleven days of the Easter Term, beginning appoint. on such day as the Master and Seniors may day The Classical Examination will begin on the morning of the first and LLd:ITED EXHIBITIONS. so defined be held last till noon on the fifth day, and dUling the period will Science. Somerset (Hereford School)-E. L. Browne, W. F. Burville, A. G. the Examinations in Law and in Natural the afternoon of the fifthday H. E. Trotter, St. D. G. Walters; (Manchester School)-H. J. Sharp The Mathematical Examination will begin on the two papers in the most advanced (Marlborough Grammar School)-J. H. Gwillim, Sells. and last till noon on the eighth day, but A. on the afternoon of the fourth Baker (Durham School)-E. Adamson. subjects of that EXaI1lination will be set either of the eighth day and Dowman (Pocklington School)-W. R. Hannam. and morning of the fifth day or on the afternoon convenient; and during the Munsteven (Peterborough School)-R. W. Elsey. morning of the ninth, as may be found most period between the after�oo:l of �he fi[thday and the noon o� the eight�l day, Vidal (Exeter School)-W. H. Widgery. III will be held the RxallllllatlOn III HIStory and, when possIble, that the Moral Sciences. The following is a List of the First Year, The Theological Examination will begin on the afternoon of the eighth mas Term of 1874 (108): day and end on the afternoon of the eleventh day. 2. These Examinations will begin, as nearly as may be, on Adamson, E. Greenaway, W. C. Pitman, A. L. AlIen, G. C. Greenbank, J. C. Plant, J. H. the 29th of May. AlIen, J. Gwillim, J. H. Reynolds, H. 3. Undergraduates of the several years who pass these Andrews, W. Hamilton, J. A. G. Roughton, Q. E. Examinations will be classed separately. Bishop, J. W. G. Hannam, W. R. Russell, M. H. 4. In the Classical and Mathematical Divisions the names Bluett, T. L. Hastings, G. F. Ryland, R. H. order of merit. Haworth, of those who are classed will be arranged in the Bond, W. A. H. Schuyler, E. E. S. held in the mornings and Boote, D. P. Henson, A. T. Sellon, A. G. 5. All the Examinations will be Boucher, I. Hibbert, J. A. N. Sells, A. afternoons, the evening Examinations being discontinued; and Boyce, W. Holcroft, A. Sharp, H. J. there will always be an interval of an hour and a half between Brine, J. B. Holcroft, H. Simpson, R. J. morning and afternoon Examination. Brown, J. Houghton, F. T. S. Smith, R. C. each Browne, E. L. Hughes, W. H. Smith, Tunstall Brownlow, C. B. Ireland, J. H. Stedmim, R. P. (E.) Burville, W. F. Keely, A. W. J. Tarleton, L. G. I. There will also be, Prelz'nzinary Examinations in the Carlisle, E. Kemp, H. T. Taylor, T. For Freshmen in some of the subjects of Kingsford, Easter Term: (a) Carver, F. W. L. Thompson, H. Examination. «(3) For Second Year Men in the Collinson, G. Kingsmill, A. M. Thornton, W. H. the Previous Cooke, C. K. Lander, J. T. Touzel, T. J. C. subjects of the General Examination. Crick, A. C. Langdale, H. M. Trotter, H. E. 2. In the Preliminary Examination for Freshmen, two Dale, C. 'V. M. Lattimer, T. Tncker, W. F. papers will be set: (a) One in Euclid, Arithmetic, and Algebra. Daubeny, E. J. Lee, F. B. Norman Vinter, E. A. ((3) One in the Gospel and Greek subject of the Previous Exa­ Davies, A. C. Leeper, H. Wallis, F. W. Logan, T. T. mination and in Grammar. Davies, J. R. Walsham, H. for the Second Year Dixon, J. Mackenzie, A. Waiters, St. D. G. 3. In the Preliminary Examination Downing, C. Mackie, J. H. Whetstone, W. F. Men, three papers will be set: (a) One in Mechanics, Hydro­ Elsey, R. W. Maim, M. F. J. White, G. . statics, and Heat. ((3) One in the Latin and Greek subjects English, W. W. Marsh, R. H. Widgery, W. H. One in the New Testament G. of the General Examination. (y) Fairburn, W. T. Matthew, A. Wilding, H. St. J. in Algebra (half paper). Fletcher, J. C. B. Morris, J. S. Wilkins, E. W. subject (half paper) and Ford, E. J. MouIl, C. A. Willan, W. J. COLLEGE PRIZES.-To obtain a College Prize in the First Gatty, F. A. Nevill, R. Williamson, C. C. Year of Residence a Student must be placed in the First Class Gaussen, C. E. Nixon, H. F. Wilson, J. ons in special subjects held S. in one of the College Examinati Gepp, E. Penkivil. T. S. Wilson, W. T. either having been placed in the Goodrick, A. T. S. Phelps, H. H. Wiseman, A. R. during the Easter Term, after Gn141ding, W. J. Pinsent, H. C. Wood, W. First Class in the College Examination at the end of the Our Olzronzcle. 189 188 Our ClzronzCle. They will also have the opportunity of being examined in preceding Michaelmas Term, or having passed the Prev Examination ious one or more of the following subjects, in that Term. Geology, (5) Anatomy. (6) Botany, To obtain a Coll"ege (4) provided that the� give notice of th� subjects in whi�h they of Residence a Student must be placed in the First Clas pnor to the Examlll Prize in the Second Year or Third Ye all the s in wish to be examllled four weeks ation. ar Examinations held during the year in his subje will be examined in more than three of these of study. ct No Oandidate six subjects, whereof one at least must be chosen from the A Prize will also be awarded to each Student who in of the Master and Seniors that one any former group. It is the wish of the above years of residence has been placed in the single department should be specially Second excellence in some Class in two special Examinations in different subject$ by the Candidates. They may also, if they think fit, of study. regarded ofter themselves for examination in any of the Classical or MINOR SCHOLARSHIPS AND OPEN EXHIBITIONS FOR THE lYIathematical subjects. YEAR names to one of the Tutors 1875.-In April, 1875, there will be open for competition Candidates must send their four Minor Scholarships, two of the value of £70 per annum� fourteen days before the commencement of the Examination. and two of £50 per annum, together with two Exhibitions of TheTutors are Rev. S. Parkinson, D.D.; Rev.T.G.Bonney,B.D., £50 per annum, tenable on the same terms as the Minor and J. E. Sandys, Esq., lVLA. persons under Scholarship; one Exhibition of £50 per annum and two The Minor Scholarships are open to all Exhibitions of {33. 6s. 8d. tenable for three years, and one twenty years of age, who have not yet commenced residence Exhibition of £ 18 per annum, tenable for one year. These in the University. The Exhibitions are not limited in respect Minor Scholarships and Exhibitions will be open to students to the age of Candidates, and are not vacated by election to who have not commenced residence. Fou)ldation Scholarships. A Minor Scholarship is tenable for The Examination of Candidates for the above-named two years, or until the Scholar is elected to one of the Founda­ Scholarships and Exhibitions will commence on Wednesday, tion Scholarships. There are sixty Foundation Scholarships, March 31 st, at 9 a.m. The Examination will consist of three tenable until the B.A. degree and for three years after. All Mathematical papers, and four Classical Papers: and the latter who are elected will be required to come into residence in will contain passages of Greek and Latin Prose and Verse for October, 1875. translation into English, and also each a passage from an THE FOOTBALL CLUB.-At a meeting of the Club, held in English Author for the corresponding Prose or Verse com­ October Zlst, the following position. Lecture Room A, on Wednesday, The subjects included in the Mathematical Ex­ resolutions were adopted: amination will be Euclid, Arithmetic, Algebra, Plane Trigo­ I . played six days in the week, three days nometry, Geometrical . That games be and Analytical Conics, Elementary Statics to the Association Rules, and three days according and Dynamics, and the according elementary parts of the Differential to the Rules of the Rugby Union. Calculus. ·In additton to the Papers above-mentioned, the i. That the subscription be 8s. annually. Candidates will be examined vz'va voce in Classics: and the Master The following were elected to serve on the Committee:- and Seniors wish it to be understood that a Candidate Game], A. C. Carr may be elected J. C. Hanson [Captain of Association on the ground of proficiency in either the H. A. Williams (Tteasurer), J. W. Olassical or the [Captain of Rugby Game], Mathematical branch of the Examination H. W. Simpkinson. independently of the other. Jeudwine, and Association Game-Matches played 6, won z, lost z, drawn z. Besides the Minor Scholarships or Exhibitions above­ mentioned, October I7th, St. John'S v. Pembroke.-Played on our own ground. Won there will be offered for competition an Exhibition to nothing. The weather was of £50 by St. John'S by one goal (kicked by Penny) per annum for proficiency in Natural Sczence, the very bad, raining nearly all the time. A good half-back was found in Exhibition to be tenable for three years in case the Exhibitioner H. A. Williams. have passed within two years the Previous October 23rd, St. John'S v. Universiry.-Played on Parker's Piece. Examination as R. F. Winch worked hard up required for Candidates for Honours: otherwise the Exhibition Lost by two goals to one, kicked by Dale. and made two or three good shots at goal, but was unsuccessful. to cease at the end of two years. Jesu October 26th, St. John's v. Jesus.-Played on the � Ground. Lost The as to klck one. A Oandidates for the Natural Science Exhibition will by two goals, of which a Johnian was so unfortunate very a very have a special Examination (commencing on Saturday, pleasant game. Penny worked hard and Dale proved useful back. April >, on our own at 1 p.m.) in October 29th, St. John's v. The ChajJillches.-J'layed ground. a goal. Simpkinson worked hard and was once Drawn ' neither side aetting � useful at the side. (I) Chemistry (includz'ng practical work in the Laboratory). or twice nearly succe sflll. KeeJy was Tery (z) Physics (Eleclnc£'.y, {feat, Light). (3) Physiology.

- 190 Our OhromCle. Oitr Olzronzde. 191

November 3rd, St. John's v. Corpus.-This was a very hollow affair nd station, H. H. Tooth; 3rd station, �{. C. Skeffington. ball the White; 2 being up at the Corpus goal nearly the whole time. Won by five go ls WhIte. and at the Willows none, and ; to Ditton, Tooth passed Skeffington one kicked by Winch disputed; of the goals, Treadgold kicked .At Winch 3 ' me for Tooth and won with the greatest ease. 1, and Simpkinson I. did the sa November ews ur Scratch Fours were rowed on the 5th of 10th, St. John's v. Harrow Ctub.-Played on our own ground The Shr � 'y Drawn, neither side getting a The goal-keepers of note'that of the winning crew goal. (Davies and COoke) November, and It IS worthy stopped two attempts at goal. Simpkinson and Woosnam played w men; viz. J. T. Lander (No. 2), ell. four were Lady Margaret J. W. Jeudwine (str.). H. T. Kemp (cox). THE CRICKET CLuB.-The following matches have J. S. Yardley (No. 3), been University Fours were rowed on Friday and Saturday, played since the last publication of The Eagle ;- The vember 6th, and 7th. Jlfay 25th ana 26th, St. John's v. Tri1dry.-Trinity made 24.5 ; Longma No n Heat: 1St Trinity (1st station) beat Caius (2nd station). making 59, Hunter 52, Tabor 51, Bridgeman 33. St. John's, 1st Innings Fz'rst I beat Lady Marwaret (2nd 24, 2nd Innings 68; Latham 21, Simpson 14, not out, Trinity won by an Second Heat; Jesus ( st station) Innin gs and 153 runs. tion). In the Final Jesus and I st Trinity, after a very good v. . sta ilfay 27th, St. John's 1I1agp£es -On our Ground. St: John's made race, rowed a dead heat. 252; Batchelor 67, Batten 66, Luxton 41, Tillard 18, Luce 20. The Mag_ consisted of pies made 25 for one wicket; Northcote not out 13. Unfinished. The Lady Margaret Crew May 29 th, St. Jol",'s v. Clare.-On our Ground. St. John's 333; Bow. G. B. Darby. 3· E. A. Stuart. Stroke. R. C. Haviland. Batten 127, Simpson 63, Luce 23, Samson 38. Clare 99 for 2 wickets; W. 2. F. Tarleton. I Fairbanks 51, not out, E. Arblaster, not out, 17. Unfinished. The following were elected Officers for the Michaelmas jJfay 30th, St. John's v. Ca£us.-On Oill Ground. St. John's 241; Simpson -p, Strahan 40, Curry 30, Samson 20, Batchelor 24. Caius 41 for Term: 6 wickets. P1'est'aent.-Rev. C. E. Graves. 4th Captain. - C. J. D. Goldie. Tarleton. 1st Captain.-R. C. Haviland. 5tlt Captain.-F. L01tg Vacatzon Cn'cket Club. Bishop. 2na naptat'n.-E. A. Stuart. Tnasurer.-G. A. July 10th ana - J. W. Thorndike. nth, St. John's v. R. Cmig's Eteven.-R. Craig's Eleven. 3"a Captain. G. B. Darby. Secretary.-A. I.t Innings 136; A. Thompson 57, not out, Baker 33; 2nd Innings 253 for Officers of the St. John's College 9 wickets; J. Craig 90 not out, F. F. Evans 47, R. Clarke 27, W. Keene The following are the 26. St. John's 130; Batten 66, G. S. Raynor 14. Ended in a draw. Boat Club for the present Term: St. John's College: Gentlemen v. Servants.-Servants, 1st Innings 34; W. H. Hudson, M.A' Secntary.-D. Kikuchi. 2nd Innings 42; Cornwell 12, not out. President.- H. Gentlemen, 1St Innings, 75; - W. M. Hicks. 1st Captain. T. Henderson. Treasu"er- Strahan 18, Samson 17, Tillard 16; 2nd Innings 75 for one wicket; Batten I 2na Captain.-W. A. Gutteridge. 37, not out, E. Kelly 18. Won by 9 wickets. W. Scaife. Commt'ttee. - G. G. Hildyard, J. S. Wise, and H. July 2Y'd ana 24th, St. John's v. Trint'ty Hall ana Clare.-On our 23rd and 24th. Ground. St. John's, 1st Innings 170; Strahan 63, W. S. Kelley 24; 2nd ATHLETIcs.-The College Athletic Club held their meeting Innings 83 for 2 wickets; Batten 36, G. S. Raynor 19. Trin. Hall and on Monday and Tuesday, Novembe.r Clare 207; W. Fairbanks 61, E. R. Hodson 38, H. G. Tylecote 38, E C. were as under, Foa 26. Ended in a draw. The Officers and Committee H. Marten. (Jommt'ttee: N. J. July 27th ana 28th, St. Jolm's 'V. Jesus G.-Played Pres£dent: C. Jackson. 'Secretm:lI: L. V. on our T. Heuderson, J. M. Batten, Ground, St. Johns, 1st IImings 158; Batten 21, Tl'eadgold 32, W. S. Littieton, W. J. Ford, R. C. Haviland, W. W. Bm'low, J. B. Lloyd, A. C. Carr, Kelley 38, not out, Wood 30; 2nd Innings 43; Batten 14. Jesus, 1st J. S. Yardley, J. N. Langley, Innings 98; O. C. Vidler 24, H. Wilson IS; 2nd Innings, score incomplete; M. Howard, J. T. Lauder, C. E. Cooper. W. H. Turner 20, C. M. Sharpe 53, not out. Jesus won by two wickets. glad to be able to chronicle that the number of v. We are August 3ra ana 4th, St. John'S Perse Grammar Schoot.-On our larger than in Ground. St. J entries for the various events was considerabiy olm's, 1st Innings 229; J. M. Batten 60, T. G. Treadgold 88. congratulate itself on having I'erseSchool 89; Whitehead 24. Ended in a draw. former years, and the Club may v. account of St. John'S Un£tea Servonts' Cluo.-On our Ground. United Servants' held a very fairly successful meeting. A short C. C., 1st Innings 163; Coulson 55, Wright 27. Thomas 25. St. John's, the events is given below: 1st Innings 82; G. S. Raynor 20, J. M. Batten 29; yards, 2nd Innings 53 for 2 a prize for a Handicap Stranger's Race of 300 wickets; Treadgold 27, not out. The United Servants The Club offered ten won by 81 runs on no less than forty-nine entries. After three heats 1st Innings. for which there were a the Final, which was eventually WOIl, after closely Augnst v. men were left to run in 14th ana 15th, St. John's College 1111'. Amola's Ele m.-On start. Hill came with v contested race, by A. P. Hill of Trinity with 24 yards our Gl'Ound. St. John'S, 1st Innings 124; J. M. Batten 29, F. J. Ambridge 20 yards start. a capital rush at the f,nish, and just beat Rees-Plulllpps, 29, not out; 2nd Innings, G. S. Raynor 23, T. G. Treadgold 24, retired. also ran in tile Final Heat. Mr. \V. Q. Bicknell of Lincoln ColJege, Oxford Arllold's Eleven, 1st Innings 147; G. flrockbank 37, W. L. Arnold 30, two Trial Heats for this. Final I-Ieat: W. Williams 24. 100 Yards Race.- There were I, H. Marten; 2, Barlow (owed 3 yards). Lander; 2, Dale. BOATING.-The 'Andrews and Maple ' Sculls (for Freshmen) Ft'eshmen's Race (200 Yaras.-I, ' ter three Trial Heats the Final was won by were rowed for on the 30th of May. There were • 200 Yaras Hanaicap .-Af three com­ Bar low, scratch, second. petitors, who drew in the following order :- 1 st station, H. E. H. Marten, 8 yards start; '

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192 Our Chronz'cle. - High Jump. 12 entries. Eventually G. S. Raynor and White tied 5ft. o� in. It is remarkable that this prize was won last year with a of precisely the same height. 120 Yards Race {Rifle Corps ono/).-H. Marten, walked over. 120 Yards Hurdle Race.-There were 14 entries for this. The Ftnal was won by G. S. Raynor; Cooke, second. ; 2, Putting the Weight.-I, Luce, 28ft. 4 in. Littleton (owed 4ft.) JI ft. 4 in. The winner's performance was very poor. Littleton was un. fortunately suffering from a bad knee, which completely incapacitated him 350 Yards Ha ndicap.-I, R. F. Winch, II yards; 2, Lander, scratc . h ' 3, Dale, yards. Winch, who won this race last year, came in easily 13 first• having been very londly treated by the handicappers. MOIR OF MARGARET, COUNTESS OF One lifile Race.-I. Yardley; 2, Burford. The competitors were ME hidden from view by a thick mist which overspread the ground. Y RICHMOND AND DERBY. performance was very creditable considering the inclement state of atmosphere, which must have rendered breathing difficult. Burford pluckily. Time 4 min. 54t secs. By THE LATE CHARLES HENRY COOPER, F"S.A. Throwing the Ha11t1ller.-I, G. S. Raynor, 67ft. 8 in.; 2, Littleton (owed 8 ft.), 66 Ct. I in. Li$tleton's bad knee lost him this event as well as the Edited for the Tzvo Colleges of her Foundation, "Weight." M.A. 100 Yards Race {for o01ta-jide Boating Mm).-I , Dale; 2, J. B. Lloyd. by Prof. John E. B. Mayor, 120 Yards Handicap.-I, H. Marten, 5 yards; 2, R. F. 'Winch, 4 Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, and Co., J874. ' Marten won easily. Two Mile Race.-I, Yardley; 2, Burford. Only. two started. Yardley. notion,-first who made very good time considering the slippery state of the path, was too 1�T was a grand old philosophic much for Burford, notwithstanding the latter's determined efforts to 9 �� enunciated, if I recollect right, in its full up with him. Time Iomin. 43 secs. . , , Long Jump.-I, Barlow (owed 6 in.), 18ft. 8� in.; 2, G. S. Raynor, 18 completeness by Berkeley,-that things not Barlow, though he did not equal his last year's performance, managed a in short, all enti­ second time to carry off the prize. perceived are non-existent; that, 2, esse a Quarter.Mile Race.-I, Batten (penalised 10 yards); R. F. Winch. ties exist only in the percipient mind, and is Batten, though rather out oC training, ran very well and won without difficulty. Willch alone of the other three competitors accomplished the mere pe1'Czpz� There seems to be a kind of parallelism distance. Time 56! secs. to this idea in the connexion between the human Ha if·MileHa ndicap.-I, Cooke, 55 yards,; 2, Cooper, 50 yards. Won by six yards. Time 2 min. 8 secs. mind and the Past. Given only a certain adequate Throwing the Cricket Ball.-I, Curry, 82yds . ft. in.; 2, G. S. Raynor . 2 2 Past, and it acquires for (owed 4 yards), 83 yds. 1ft. 9in. Neither of the competitors threw nearly intellectuGLI insight into that of so far as they did last year. some minds a reality equalling or exceeding that Consolation Race {120 Yards�-I, M. Howard. O. U. R. V.-B Compady.-In the annual returns sent in on the Present. Its characters walk our streets, meet us Nov. 1St, the Oompany showed 38 efficients, the three officers 'In sainted, fane or mythic glade,' and two of the sergeants holding certificates of proficiency. The Company numbers 69 of all ranks. The following recruits pernoctant nobzscum, peregnnantur, rustz'canlur. But to Ml". Ruskin have joined during the present Term :- most the Past is lite,rally dead; 'de