Two New Species of Pectis (Asteraceae: Tageteae) from South America

David ]. J. Keil Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, U.S.A. [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Pectis hassleri and P. pumila are new andandmore morenumerousnumerous thanthan those thoseof of thethe abaxialabaxialsur­sur- species, the former from the Gran Chaco area of face,face, minutelyminutelyciliolateciliolate nearnear thethe base,base, otherwiseotherwise Paraguay and the latter from southwestern Ecuador glabrous.glabrous.CapitulaCapitula long-peduncled,long-peduncled, solitarysolitary oror inin and northwestern Peru. Pectis hassleri differs from open,open, few-headedfew-headedcymes,cymes, ca.ca. 38-38- to to 75-flowered;75-flowered; p.P. odorata by leaves that are glandular-punctate on pedunclespeduncles3-113-11 cmcm long,long,slightly slightlyclavate,clavate, bearingbearing the adaxial as well as the abaxial surfaces, by lon­lon- 33 toto7 7 linear-acuminatelinear-acuminatescale-likescale-like bractletsbractlets 3-63-6 mmmm ger and wider ligules of the ray florets, and by ray longlongor or thethe proximalproximalbractbract largerlarger andand leaflike. leaflike.In­In- pappi of awns and shorter bristles. Pectis pumila volucresvolucrescampanulate;campanulate; phyllariesphyllaries 88 (to(to 10),10), oblan­oblan- differs from the closely related P.R arida by its wider ceolateceolate toto obovate,obovate,6-8.5S8.5 Xx 2-3.52-3.5 mm, mm, broadlybroadly leaves and by its sessile or subsessile capitula with overlapping,overlappingesubacute,subacute, weaklyweakly convex, convex,proximally proximally campanulate involucres and obovate phyllaries. A roundedroundedandand gibbous, gibbous,indurate-keeledindurate-keeled inin thethe prox­prox- 2 hexaploid chromosome count of 2n = 36 36111 is newly imalimallh-1/2-2/3, /3, narrowlynarrowlyhyaline-hyaline- oror purple-margined purple-marginedinin reported for P. pumila. thethe proximalproximal213,2/39 denselydensely dotteddottedor or streakedstreakedwithwith Key words: Asteraceae, Compositae, Ecuador, ellipticalellipticaltoto linear linearglands,glands, distallydistally ciliolate.ciliolate. RayRay flo­flo- Paraguay, Pectis, Peru, South America, Tageteae. retsrets88 (to(to10); 10);corollacorolla yellowyellow oror reddening reddeningabaxially,abaxially, 9-109-10 mm mmlong, long,the the tubetube3-3.5 3-3.5 mmmmlong, long,the the liguleligule As part of monographic studies of Pectis L. (As­(As- narrowly ovate,ovate 5.5-6.55.54.5 mm mm long,long, glabrous.glabrous.DiskDisk teraceae: Tageteae), I have discovered two previ­previ- floretsflorets3030 toto65~ 65; corollacorollayellow,yellow, 4-644 mmlong,long, weak­weak- ously undescribed South American species. lyly 2-lipped,2-lippedeslightlyslightly exceedingexceeding thethe pappus, pappus,thethe tube tube and throat about equal, equal, the abaxialabaxiallip ca.ca. 11 mm Pectis hassleri Keil, sp. nov. TYPE: Paraguay. long.longz2-32-3x X as as longlong asas thethe 44 lobes lobes ofof thethe adaxialadaxial Gran Chaco: Loma Clavel, 23°20'S,23°20'St Nov. lip~lip;anthers anthersca.ca. 22 mmlong~long; stylestyle exselted. exserted.Achenes 1903, E. Hassler 2491 (holotype, G~G; isotypes, 3.5-43.54 mm long,long sparsely appressed-puberulent with BM, F, GH, K, LIL, MICH, MO,M0, NY, P, S, UC, trichomestrichomes0.2-0.4 mm long;long;ray ray pappusofof 22 oror 33 US). stiffstiffawnsawns 2.5-42.54 mmlonglong andand ca. ca. 1010 shortershorterbristles 1-2 mm long; disk pappus of 20 to 30 slender bris­bris- P.R odoratae affinis sed glandibus pellucidis numerosis tlestles 2-5 mmlong. long. Chromosomenumber unknown. inin laminalaminaadaxiali,adaxiali, ligulisligulis flosculorum flosculorumradiorumradiorum longiori­longiori- bus (5.5-6.5(5.54.5 mm vs. 3-43 I mm) et latioribus, et pappis acheniorum radiorum 2-3 aristarum 2.5-42.54 mm longum etet Distribution. Endemic to the Gran Chaco area ca. 1010 setarumsetarumbreviorum versus 30-4030 10setarumsetarum usque adad of Paraguay, this species is represented by only a 7 mm longum didiversa. versa. handful of collections with rather sparse data. I have not been able to determine a precise location Annual or sometimes apparently perennial~perennial; herb­herb- for any of the collections examined. Elevation data age probably scented, but nature of odor unknown. are unavailable. Essentially nothing is known about Stems spreading to erect or ascending, 10-3510-35 cm the ecologyecologvof the species. Known flowering dates long,long, several-branchedseveral-branchedfromfrom nearnear thethe base,base, few­few- range from November to June.June branched above, moderately to denselydenselyleafy, leafy,pur­pur- ple-brown, glabrous oror sparselysparselyto denselydenselypuber­ puber- Relationships. Pectis hassleri is one of the very ulent. Leaves opposite, opposite,lance-linear, oftenoften falcate, falcate, few species of Pectis with glands on the adaxial leaf 2-5 cm cm long,long, 2-424 mm wide, wide, acute,acute, mucronatemucronatetoto surface. In most other species the glands are con­con- bristle-tipped,bristle-tipped7proximallyproximally ciliateciliate withwith2 2 toto 55 pairspairs fined to the abaxial surface of the leaf or to the ofof bristles 2-32-3 mm long, glabrous oror sparselysparselydis­dis- margins. The significance, if any, of these extra tallytallyscaberulous scaberulousonon thethemargins, margins,denselydensely dotteddotted onon glands is unknown. The glands are similar in size both surfaces surfaceswithwith round, round,pellucid glands glands0.1-0.20.1-0.2 and shape to those of the related P. odorata A. H. mmmmdiam.,diam., thethe glands glandsofof the theadaxial adaxialsurfacesurface smallersmaller R. Grisebach and P. substriata H. H. Rusby, both NOVON 12: 471-473.471X73. 2002. 472 Novon

of which are strongly scented. Presumably P.R has­has- long,long,the the tubetube 1.5-21.5-2 mm mmlong, long,the the liguleligule slender,slender, sleri is scented as well. 2.5-32.5-3 mm mm long,long, glabrous.glabrous.DiskDisk floretsflorets19 19 toto 25;25; I have named the species in honor of Erich Hass­Hass- corollacorollayellow,yellow, weaklyweakly 2-lipped,2-lipped, glabrous glabrousoror glan­glan- ler, a pioneer in botanical studies of Paraguay. dular-puberulent,dular-puberulent,2.5-3.52.5-3.5 mmmmlong, long,the the tubetube0.8­ 0.8- Hassler recognized the type collection of P.R hassleri 11 mmmmlong,long, the thethroat throat0.6-1.20.S1.2 mmmmlong,long, thethe abaxial abaxial as a distinct taxon and considered it to be a variety liplip 1-1.31-1.3 mmmmlong, long,2-3 2-3xX as as longlongas as thethe4 4 lobeslobesof of of P.F! odorata. He assigned it an unpublished vari­vari- thethe adaxialadaxiallip~lip; anthers anthersca.ca. 11 mmmmlong; long;stylestyle about about etal epithet alluding to broad ligules. asas longlongas as thethe corolla,corolla,included.included. AchenesAchenes 2.7-3.8 2.7-3.8 mmmmlong,long, strigillosestrigillose withwith 2-celled2-celled hairs hairs0.2-0.30.2-0.3 lummm Paratypes. PARAGUAY. Chaco septentrionalis. septentrionaliss Puerto Tolancera, 1907, K. Fiebrig 1330 (G)~(G);Chaco, 21°S long.long.Ray Raypappus pappusofof 11 oror 22 paleaceous-based,paleaceous-based,an­an- lat., 1906, K. Fiebrig 1459 (G,(G, Z); GranChaco, s.d., A. trorselytrorselybarbedbarbed bristlesbristles 2-2.5 2-2.5 mm mm longlong oror some­some- Pride s. S.fl,n. (K); in region crossed by the lower portion of timestimes reducedreducedto to scalesscales 0.50.5 mm mm longlong oror shorter,shorter, the River Pilcomayo, June 1906, T.T RojasRofas257 (BAF.(BAF!BM.BM sometimessometimeswithwith 11 oror 22 additional additionalscalesscales betweenbetween G, K, P). thethe bristles.bristles.DiskDisk pappuspappusofof 1515 toto 2525 unequalunequalpa­pa- leaceous-based,leaceous-based.antrorselyantrorsely barbedbarbed bristles bristles 1.5-41.5 1 Pectis pumila D. 1.J. Keil, sp.sp nov. TYPE: Peru. mmmmlong. long.Chromosome Chromosomenumber:number: 2n2n == 36 36lr.. Lambayeque: along Pan American Hwy. ca. 30 n km NNW of Piura, 7 km S of Puente Sullana Distribution. Pectis pumila occurs occursonly only inin thethe (over Rio Chira),30 Mar. 1987,1987, D. ].J. Keil etet coastalcoastallowlandslowlands ofof southernsouthernEcuadorEcuador andand northern northern af.al. 19917 (holotype, F; isotypes, ASU, BM, PeruPeruatat 0-250 0-250 m.m.Habitats Habitatsincludeinclude aridarid scrublands,scrublands, CPUN, F, G, GH, HUT, K, MEXU, MO, NY, roadsides,roadsides,andand beaches.beaches.It It oftenoftenoccurs occursin in mixedmixed OBI, OS, RSA, S, TEX, UC, US, USM). populations with the closelyclosely relatedrelatedPectis aridaarida P.R aridae D. J. Keil affinis sed foliis saepe latioribus, and with P. linifoliaIinifoliaL. var. linifolia.Iinifolia. SomeSome herbar­herbar- capitulis sessilibussessilibus vel subsessilibus.subsessilibussinvolucrisinvolucris campan­campan- iumium specimensspecimenshavehave mixedgatherings gatheringsofof P.P. aridaarida ulatis, et phyllariispllyllariisobovatis diversa. and P. pumila.pumil. In beach habitats P. pumila grows grows Erect or diffusely branched~branchede often strongly scent­scent- inin proximitytoto P.P. multiflosculosa multiflCosculosa(DC.)(DC.) C.C. H. ed, tap-rooted annuals. StemsStems 11 to severalseveralfrom the Schultz Bipontinus. base, erect or diffusely spreading, 3-50 cm long.long Relationships. Pectis pumilapalmila is apparently most cymosely branched distally,distally, straw-coloredstraw-colored toto darkdark closelycloselvrelated to P. Ftarida. Both areare much-branched purple-brown, puberulent throughout or in lines ex­ ex- annuals with leaves densely gland-dotted abaxially. tendingtendingfromfrom thethe connateconnateflangeflange andand midribsofof thethe The sessile or subsessile campanulate capitula with leafleaf basesbases with softsoftt multicellulartrichomestrichomes 0.1­0.1- broad phyllaries differentiate P.E pumilap7>milafrom P. ar­ar- 0.2 mm long. Leaves opposite,oppositee linear-oblanceolatelinear-oblanceolate ida,ida, whichhas peduncledcapitula with cylindricalcylindrical oror lanceolate,lanceolate,2-42-4 cmcm long,long,2-6 2-6 mmmmwide, obtuse obtuse involucres and narrowerphyllaries. toto subacute,subacute,mucronate oror bristle-tipped,bristle-tipped,withwith the the This species has been collected for many years, basebase narrowed oror moremore oftenoften consconspicuouslypicuously ex­ex- but it either has gone undetermined in herbaria or panded'panded,entire entire andand ciliateciliate toto beyondbeyondthe the middlemiddle has been misidentified. Until recently, I believed it with slender slenderbristlesbristles 2-42-4 mmmmlong long oror serrateserratewithwith to be the taxon described by H. Cassini (1819)(1819) as bristle-tipped teeth,teeth, punctatepunctateabaxiallyabaxially withwith scat­scat- Cr)ptopetalonCrRptopetalonciliare (Pectis cryptopetala C. H. tered,tered,round, round,pellucidpellucid glandsglands0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 mmmm diam.,diam. Schultz Bipontinus). I now know that the type (P) scaberulousscaberulousalongalong the the margins,margins,sparselysparsely hirtelloushirtellous for that name is conspecific with the type of Pectis proximallyproximallyalongalong the the marginmarginandand midribmidribwithwith tri­ tri- sessiliflorasessilifora(Lessing) C. H. Schultz Bipontinus. Be­Be- chomeschomes0.1-0.20.1-0.2 mmmmlong, long,otherwise otherwiseglabrous.glabrous. Ca­Ca- cause the specific epithet used by Cassini when he pitulapitulasolitary, solitary,sessilesessile oror subsessilesubsessilein in thetheforks forksofof described the taxon as a member of the genus Cryp­Cryp- thethe stems,stems, subtendedsubtendedbyby 11 oror 22 scarious, scarious,lance­lance- topetalontopetslIonis the same as that of a Linnaean species acuminateacuminatebractlets,bractlets, 24-24- toto 31-flowered.31-flowered.InvolucresInvolucres of Pectis, many botanists have misidentified P.F! pum­pum- campanulate;campanulate;phyllariesphyllaries 55 oror 6,6, obovate, obovate,broadlybroadly ila as Pectis ciliaris L.,L.^,a very different taxon not overlapping,overlapping,5-75-7 Xx 2.5-42.5-4 mm,mm,obtuseobtuse toto subacute, subacute, known from western South America. mucronulate,mucronulate,broadlybroadly scarious-margined, scarious-margined,broadlybroadly convexconvexandand inconspicuously inconspicuouslyround-keeled,round-keeled, distallydistally Chromosome number. A meiotic chromosome sparselysparselypunctatepunctate withwith 1 1 toto severalseveralellipticelliptic glands glands number of 2n = 36[[ 36ll (diakinesis) was determined 0.2-0.30.2-0.3 mm mmlong, long, sometimessometimesstreakedstreaked proximallyproximally from Keil et af.al. 19917-D (OBI) and is herein newly withwithlinear linearglandsglands oror occasionally occasionallyglandless,glandless, erose­erose- repolted.reported.The well-established base number for ciliolateciliolateatat the theapex, apex,otherwiseotherwise glabrous.glabrous. RayRay floretsflorets Pectis is x = 12 (Keil, 1977; Keil et aI.,al., 1988). 55 oror 6;6; corollacorollayellowyellow or or becomingbecomingpink,pink, 4-5 4-5 mmmm Pectis pumiZapumila is therefore a hexaploid taxon. Volume 12, Number 4 Keil 473 2002 PeetisPectis from South America

Parat)pes.Paratpes. ECUADOR. Guayas: Salinas, 7 Apr. bes: N of Tumbes, 7 May 1957, H. Ellenberg 1276 (U); 1939, E. Asplund 5620 (S); Salinas, Puntilla, 1 May 1956, Caleta Cruz betw. Zorritos & Tumbes, 27 May 1957, 1957, R. E. AsplundAsplalnd20369 (S); along Pacific Ocean betw. Santa Ferreyra 12220 (MO); Caleta Cruz, 25 Apr. 1955,1955, R. Fer­Fer- Elena & San Pablo, 17 Mar. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen et aleal. rerrarera et al. 10694 p.p. [mixed [mixedwith P. arida] (OBI, USM); 2082 (S); Chanduy, 18 Mar. 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen et aleal. beach just S of Cancas, 30 Mar. 1987, D. ].J. Keil et al. 2118 (COL, F, NY, S); Punta de Santa Elena, 21 Mar. 19925 (ASU, BM, CPUN, F, G, GH, HUT, K, MO, NY, 1973, L. Holm-Nielsen et al. 2306 (F, MO, NY, S, U), 2309 OBI, RSA, S, UC, US, USM); beach 2 km N of Cancas, (MO, NY, S), 2337 (NY, S), 2356 (F, MO, NY, S, U); 30 Mar. 1987, D. ].J. Keil et al. 1992919929 (CPUN, F, HUT, Anc6n Distr., Santa Elena Peninsula, 7 June 1932, Shep­Shep- MO, OBI, USM). pard s.n. (K); Chanduy, R. Spruce 6476 (BM, E, G, K, LE, OXF), 6477 (BM, G, OXF, P); Salinas, Puntilla, 1-2 Mar. Acknowledgments.AcknowZedgments.Research was supported by 1941, H. K. Svenson 11078 (US), 11096 (GH, US); Sali­Sali- National Science Foundation Grant DEB 81-04683 nas, Puntilla, 21 Feb. 1941, H. K.K Svenson 11124 p.p. and a minigrant from California Polytechnic State [mixed with P.R arida] (US); Salinas, 15 Mar. 1941, H. K.K University. I am grateful to the curators of the cited Svenson 11208 (GH, NY, US); Punta Centinela, 6 Apr. herbaria for the loan of material and/or hospitality 1941, H. K. Svenson 11267 (NY); Punta Carnero, Penin­Penin- herbariafor the loan of materialand/or hospitality sula de Santa Elena, May 1978, F. F:M. Valverde2569 (MO). during herbarium visits. I am indebted to Charles PERU. Lambayeque: near Motupe, 18 Apr. 1953, R. and Lizbeth Burandt with whom I shared Peruvian Ferreyra 9084 (MO, OBI, USM); 24 km S of Motupe, 29 adventures. Mar. 1987, D. ].J. Keil et al. 19911 (F, MO, OBI, UC). Piura: ElE1 Alto, 14 May 1957, H. Ellenberg 1388 (U); Piura, betw. Amotape & Talara, 19 Apr. 1949, R. Ferreyra Literature Cited 5935 p.p. [mixed with P.R arida] (US); Quebrada Mogollon, Cassini, H. 1819. Cryptopetale, Cr)ptopetalon.Crptopetalon. P. 123 in Amotape hills, 29 Mar. 1941, O. Haught & H. K.K Svenson F. Cuvier, Dictionnaire des Sciences NNaturelles,aturelles, 2nd 11520 p.p. [mixed with P. F! arida] (NY); E of La Brea, 25 ed., vol. 12.12 Paris. km SE of Talara, 3 Mar. 1939, O. B. Horton 11581 (G, Keil, D. J. 1977. Chromosome studies in North and Cen­Cen- GH, UC); 39 km NW of Marca Vellica, 30 Mar. 1987, D. tral American species of Pectis (Compositae: Tageteae). ].J. Keil et al. 19920 (CPUN, F, HUT, MO, NY, OBI, OS, Rhodora 79: 79-94. TEX, UUC,C, USM); betw. Talara & Los Organos, 30 Mar. ---,, M. A. Luckow & D. 1.J. Pinkava. 1988. Chromo­Chromo- 1987, D. ].J. Keil et al. 1992319923 (OBI); Talara, s.d., E. Smith some studies in Asteraceae from the United States, 1515 (MO, USM, OBI); Huancabamba, Sernin,Serran, 2 Apr. 1939, Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. Amer. J. H. E. Stork 11368 p.p. [mixed with P.E arida] (GH). Tum- Bot. 75: 650-666.65(}666.