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Historica Olomucensia 47-2014 HISTORICA OLOMUCENSIA 47–2014 SBORNÍK PRACÍ HISTORICKÝCH XXXVII HISTORICA OLOMUCENSIA 47–2014 Sborník prací historických XXXVII Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Olomouc 2014 Zpracování a vydání časopisu bylo umožněno díky fi nanční podpoře udělené roku 2014 Ministerstvem školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR v rámci Institucionálního rozvojové- ho plánu, programu V. Excelence, Filozofi cké fakultě Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci: Podpora publikační činnosti akademických pracovníků Filozofi cké fakulty Univerzity Pa- lackého. Návaznost, periodicita a anotace: Časopis Historica Olomucensia, Sborník prací historických, je od roku 2010 zařazen na Seznam recenzovaných neimpaktovaných periodik vydávaných v České republice. Na- vazuje na předchozí ediční řadu Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis – Historica, Sborník prací historických, která začala vycházet v roce 1960. Od roku 2009 vychází dva- krát ročně, s uzávěrkou na konci dubna a na konci října. Oddíl Články a studie obsahuje odborné recenzované příspěvky věnované různým problémům českých a světových dějin. Oddíl Zprávy zahrnuje informace o činnosti Katedry historie FF UP v Olomouci a jejích pracovišť či dalších historických pracovišť v Olomouci a případně také životopisy a biblio- grafi e členů katedry. Posledním oddílem časopisu jsou recenze. Etický kodex: Redakce časopisu přijímá do recenzního řízení všechny zaslané články i další příspěvky bez ohledu na rasu, pokud splňují stanovené podmínky pro publikování. Garantuje rovněž všem autorům profesionální recenzní řízení. Další podrobnosti etického kodexu jsou uve- řejněny na internetových stránkách časopisu. Výkonný redaktor a adresa redakce: PhDr. Ivana Koucká, Katedra historie FF UP, Na Hradě 5, 771 80 Olomouc. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Redakční rada: Prof. PhDr. Jana Burešová, CSc. – předseda (Katedra historie FF UP v Olomouci), Mgr. Veronika Čapská, Ph.D., Mgr. Martin Čapský, Ph.D. (oba Ústav historických věd Filozofi cko-přírodovědecké fakulty SU v Opavě), prof. PhDr. Jiří Kocian, CSc. (Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR v Praze), PhDr. Ivana Koucká (Katedra historie FF UP v Olomouci), prof. PhDr. Jaroslav Vaculík, CSc. (Katedra historie PdF MU v Brně), PhDr. Michael Viktořík, Ph.D. (Katedra historie FF UP v Olomouci). Internetové stránky časopisu s informacemi pro autory a s obsahem aktuálních čísel: www. historie.upol. cz/ho.php Za obsah a jazykovou správnost prací odpovídají autoři. Editorky© Ivana Koucká, Zdeňka Žáčková, 2014 ISSN 1803-9561 Succession, periodicity and summary: Th e journal Historica Olomucensia, Sborník prací historických has been included on the list of peer-reviewed, non-impacted journals published in the Czech Republic since 2010. It follows the previous series Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis – Historica, Sborník prací historických, which started to be published in 1960. Since 2009 the periodical has been published twice a year, a closing date is at the end of April and October. Th e section “Articles and Studies” contains peer-reviewed papers dealing with various topics of Czech and world history. Th e section “Reports” consists of information about activities of the Department of History of the Philosophical Faculty, Palacký University Olomouc and its projects, or another historical institutes; alternatively also biographies and bibliographies of the Department’s members. Th e last section of the journal includes reviews. Editor and contact: PhDr. Ivana Koucká, Department of History, Philosophical Faculty, Palacký University Olomouc, Na Hradě 5, 771 80 Olomouc E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Editorial board: Prof. PhDr. Jana Burešová, CSc. – chairman (Department of History, Philosophical Faculty, Palacký University Olomouc), Mgr. Veronika Čapská, Ph.D., Mgr. Martin Čapský, Ph.D. (both Institute of History, Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University Opava), prof. PhDr. Jiří Kocian, CSc. (Institute for Contemporary History, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), PhDr. Ivana Koucká (Department of History, Philosophical Faculty, Palacký University Olomouc), prof. PhDr. Jaroslav Vaculík, CSc. (Department of History, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University Brno), PhDr. Michael Viktořík, Ph.D. (Department of History, Philosophical Faculty, Palacký University Olomouc). Code of ethics: Th e editors accept all received articles into a peer-reviewed process as well as other authors’ contributions without distinction, if they fulfi l stated conditions for publishing. Similarly, they also guarantee all authors a professional peer-reviewed process. Th e other details of the code of ethics may be found at the journal’s website. Website (information for authors, content of current issues): www. historie.upol. cz/ho.php Th e authors are responsible for the content and the linguistic correctness of the papers. Editors© Ivana Koucká, Zdeňka Žáčková, 2014 ISSN 1803-9561 Historica Olomucensia 47–2014 (7–9) 7 Obsah Obsah Články a studie Petr Zajíček Komparace některých aspektů počátků měst Krakova a Olomouce ...............13 Jan Stejskal Konciliarismus a jeho ozvěny v toskánském eremu .........................................47 Pavel Šopák Ernst a Franz Mückuschové z Buchbergu – zakladatelé Gymnazijního muzea v Opavě ......................................................61 Iveta Rosolová Komparace vzniku a vývoje národního muzea v Mnichově a v Praze v 19. století ..........................................................................................75 Jana Kepartová Středoškolská antika ve třetí čtvrtině 19. století ...............................................91 Karla Vymětalová Více nebo méně latiny? Peripetie odborných diskusí na stránkách dobového tisku o způsobu a obsahu výuky latiny na středních školách rakouské monarchie na přelomu 19. a 20. století ..............................................................................117 Marek Šmíd Svatý stolec na počátku první světové války ....................................................147 Pavel Marek Příspěvek k problematice zápasu o teologickou orientaci Církve československé ........................................................................................161 8 Obsah Tomáš Klokner Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum a Univerzita Komenského v Bratislavě .........................................................................................................189 Aleš Roubal Lektorát českého jazyka v Pekingu v letech 1945–1960 .................................203 Veronika Trestrová Pražské jaro a srpnová okupace v pardubickém okrese: politický vývoj, média, studenti ........................................................................219 Petr Orság Spolupráce, koexistence, konkurence. Českoslovenští vydavatelé po srpnu 1968 na Západě mezi svobodou vyjadřování, tlakem konkurence a limity exilových možností .............................................239 Recenze David Papajík Dvořáková, Daniela: Čierna kráľovná Barbora Celjská (1392–1451). Životný príbeh uhorskej, rímsko-nemeckej a českej kráľovnej. Vydavateľstvo Rak – Historický ústav Slovenskej Akadémie vied, Budmerice – Bratislava 2013 ...........................................................................263 Pavel Marek Kadlec, Petr: Střední školy a jejich studenti. (K formování inteligence na severní Moravě a ve Slezsku ve druhé polovině 19. a na začátku 20. století). Filozofi cká fakulta a Centrum pro hospodářské a sociální dějiny Ostravské univerzity, Ostrava 2013 ...................................267 Lukáš F. Peluněk – Jiří Válek Kábová, Hana: Josef Vítězslav Šimák. Jeho život a dílo se zvláštním zřetelem k historické vlastivědě. Společnost pro kulturní dějiny – Nová tiskárna Pelhřimov, České Budějovice – Pelhřimov 2013 ..............................................................271 Obsah 9 Pavel Marek Coranič, Jaroslav: Dejiny gréckoklatolíckej cirkvi na Slovensku v rokoch 1918–1939. Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej univerzity, Prešov 2013 .......................................281 Kateřina Rudincová Záhořík, Jan: Dějiny Rwandy a Burundi. Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, Praha 2012 ....................................................287 The Authors and Summaries Th e Authors and Summaries...........................................................................293 Články a studie Historica Olomucensia 47–2014 (13–45) 13 Komparace některých aspektů počátků měst Krakova a Olomouce Petr Zajíček 1 Úvod Tato studie si klade za cíl poukázat metodou komparace na některé zají- mavé aspekty počátků moravského města Olomouce a malopolského Krako- va.1 Proč právě Olomouc a Krakov? Dalo by se namítnout, že Krakov snese srovnání spíše s Prahou, vždyť oboje to byly královské rezidence, nesmíme však zapomínat na význam a postavení středověké Olomouce. Byla jedním z hlavních center Moravy, sídlem biskupa, významným trhem. Obě sídla jsou si pak podobna staletými dějinami svých aglomerací před založením města. Domnívám se tedy, že komparace je možná a že jak paralely, tak rozdíly při vzniku obou měst mají vysokou vypovídací hodnotu. Základní otázka, frekventovaná i v historiografi i, zní zdánlivě banálně: co je to město? I bez odborného náhledu asi vnímáme, že je rozdíl mezi velkými aglomeracemi např. Velkomoravské říše, hradskými centry knížecích Čech a vrcholně středověkými městy existujícími za panování posledních Přemy- slovců. Jde o sídla vyšší kvality než prosté zemědělské osady, zároveň je však, kromě několika staletí, dělí zásadní kulturní a společenské rozdíly. Kdy tedy můžeme sídlo nazývat městem? Jazyk písemných pramenů nám otázku ne-
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