Language-Teaching and Power in Pakistan DR. TARIQ RAHMAN
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Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern
SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN VOLUME 4 PASHTO, WANECI, ORMURI Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri Volume 5 Languages of Chitral Series Editor Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 4 Pashto Waneci Ormuri Daniel G. Hallberg National Institute of Summer Institute Pakistani Studies of Quaid-i-Azam University Linguistics Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS HP14 3XL United Kingdom First published 1992 Reprinted 2004 ISBN 969-8023-14-3 Price, this volume: Rs.300/- Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/- To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact: National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: 92-51-2230791 Fax: 92-51-2230960 To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact: International Academic Bookstore 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236, USA Phone: 1-972-708-7404 Fax: 1-972-708-7433 Internet: http://www.sil.org Email: [email protected] REFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. CANDLIN. CONTENTS Preface.............................................................................................................vii Maps................................................................................................................ -
Languages of Kohistan. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern
SOCIOLINGUISTIC SURVEY OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN VOLUME 1 LANGUAGES OF KOHISTAN Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Volume 2 Languages of Northern Areas Volume 3 Hindko and Gujari Volume 4 Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri Volume 5 Languages of Chitral Series Editor Clare F. O’Leary, Ph.D. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan Volume 1 Languages of Kohistan Calvin R. Rensch Sandra J. Decker Daniel G. Hallberg National Institute of Summer Institute Pakistani Studies of Quaid-i-Azam University Linguistics Copyright © 1992 NIPS and SIL Published by National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and Summer Institute of Linguistics, West Eurasia Office Horsleys Green, High Wycombe, BUCKS HP14 3XL United Kingdom First published 1992 Reprinted 2002 ISBN 969-8023-11-9 Price, this volume: Rs.300/- Price, 5-volume set: Rs.1500/- To obtain copies of these volumes within Pakistan, contact: National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: 92-51-2230791 Fax: 92-51-2230960 To obtain copies of these volumes outside of Pakistan, contact: International Academic Bookstore 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236, USA Phone: 1-972-708-7404 Fax: 1-972-708-7433 Internet: http://www.sil.org Email: [email protected] REFORMATTING FOR REPRINT BY R. CANDLIN. CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................viii Maps................................................................................................................. -
Language Documentation and Description
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 17. Editor: Peter K. Austin Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan ZUBAIR TORWALI Cite this article: Torwali, Zubair. 2020. Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 44- 65. London: EL Publishing. Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/181 This electronic version first published: July 2020 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions Countering the challenges of globalization faced by endangered languages of North Pakistan Zubair Torwali Independent Researcher Summary Indigenous communities living in the mountainous terrain and valleys of the region of Gilgit-Baltistan and upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern -
Social Transformation of Pakistan Under Urdu Language
Social Transformations in Contemporary Society, 2021 (9) ISSN 2345-0126 (online) SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF PAKISTAN UNDER URDU LANGUAGE Dr. Sohaib Mukhtar Bahria University, Pakistan [email protected] Abstract Urdu is the national language of Pakistan under article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. Urdu language is the first brick upon which whole building of Pakistan is built. In pronunciation both Hindi in India and Urdu in Pakistan are same but in script Indian choose their religious writing style Sanskrit also called Devanagari as Muslims of Pakistan choose Arabic script for writing Urdu language. Urdu language is based on two nation theory which is the basis of the creation of Pakistan. There are two nations in Indian Sub-continent (i) Hindu, and (ii) Muslims therefore Muslims of Indian sub- continent chanted for separate Muslim Land Pakistan in Indian sub-continent thus struggled for achieving separate homeland Pakistan where Muslims can freely practice their religious duties which is not possible in a country where non-Muslims are in majority thus Urdu which is derived from Arabic, Persian, and Turkish declared the national language of Pakistan as official language is still English thus steps are required to be taken at Government level to make Urdu as official language of Pakistan. There are various local languages of Pakistan mainly: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Kashmiri, Balti and it is fundamental right of all citizens of Pakistan under article 28 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 to protect, preserve, and promote their local languages and local culture but the national language of Pakistan is Urdu according to article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973. -
Study of Distinguishing Features of Pakistani Ameer Ali At
Study of Distinguishing Features of Pakistani Ameer Ali at. al STUDY OF DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF PAKISTANI STANDARD ENGLISH Ameer Ali1, Abdul Wahid Samoon2, Mansoor Ali3 1,2Applied Linguistics at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 3English at College Education and Literacy Department Sindh. Pakistan. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The current research has adopted a qualitative approach to investigate the linguistic differences of Pakistani Standard English in contrast to British Standard English. We studied morphological, lexical, and hybrid characteristics of Pakistani Standard English. Besides, we investigated the linguistic features to prove the fact that cultural context determines the use of a language. Moreover, the findings of this research also support the fact that a language keeps evolving in different contexts leading to the development of different varieties of the language. However, the researchers have studied comparatively many varieties of Englishes, but this research investigates the distinguishing features of Pakistani Standard English employing secondary data from Dawn e-newspaper. Additionally, the researchers have also qualitatively codified the data into broader themes. The findings of this research will help readers in understanding the role of a cultural context in developing a new variety of a language. Consequently, they will be able to carry out further research in the field of World Englishes. Hence, this research is a systematic investigation of Pakistani Standard English and its differentiating features. Keywords: Englishes, varieties, Pakistani Standard English, different contexts. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini telah mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif untuk menyelidiki perbedaan linguistik Bahasa Inggris Standar Pakistan berbeda dengan Bahasa Inggris Standar Inggris. Para peneliti mempelajari karakteristik morfologi, leksikal, dan hibrida dari Bahasa Inggris Standar Pakistan. -
Language, Religion and Politics: Urdu in Pakistan and North India / 93
Language, Religion and Politics: Urdu in Pakistan and North India / 93 Tariq Rahman* Language, Religion and Politics: Urdu in Pakistan and North India Résumé. Langue, religion et politique : l’ourdou au Pakistan et dans le nord de l’Inde. L’ourdou, langue nationale du Pakistan et symbole identitaire des Indiens musulmans est associée à l’islam en Asie du sud. Cette association a été forgée pendant la période coloniale britannique. Les Britanniques ont remplacé le persan - langue du pouvoir moghol - par l’our- dou (aux échelons inférieurs) et l’anglais (aux échelons supérieurs) dans plusieurs régions du nord de l’Inde et de l’actuel Pakistan. L’ourdou s’est diffusé par le biais des réseaux scolaires et de communication dans l’Inde coloniale. Il devint le principal médium d’instruction dans les séminaires musulmans (madrasa-s) et la principale langue des écrits religieux. L’ourdou est également devenu un symbole important de l’identité musulmane et a contribué, juste après l’islam, à mobiliser la communauté musulmane pour demander la création du Pakistan en 1947. Au Pakistan, l’ourdou et l’islam sont des composantes symboliques importantes de l’identité nationale et s’opposent à l’expression des langues autochtones. Cette identité est principalement défendue par les partis politiques de droite et se positionne comme opposée non seulement aux identifications ethniques mais également à une identité occidentale plus globalisée et libérale qui serait symbolisée par l’anglais. En Inde cependant, l’ourdou soutient la minorité musulmane contre la domination hindoue nationaliste. De fait, l’ourdou, dans sa relation avec l’islam, joue un rôle complexe et parfois contradictoire au Pakistan et au nord de l’Inde. -
Emergence of Separatist Movement in East Pakistan: Impact of Jinnah’S Leadership
Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 24, Issue - 2, 2017, 589:600 Emergence of Separatist Movement in East Pakistan: Impact of Jinnah’s Leadership Rizwan Ullah Kokab and Mahboob Hussain* Abstract This paper offers a study of the impact of leadership of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the Bengali Separatist Movement in its preliminary stage during the first year of the life of Pakistan when Quaid-i-Azam served as its first governor general. It would be examined whether the lingual, constitutional, economic and governmental issues, which later became a source of discontent that caused the Bengali Separatist Movement grow, were addressed by the Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah in a proper way and he did not found those mistakes which his successors in the leadership of Pakistan committed. It would also be observed that visionary leader of Quaid-i-Azam’s rank could understand the danger to the integrity of Pakistan posed by the feelings of provincialism, communism and Hindu influence in the eastern wing of Pakistan that was remote from its western part through a distance of one thousand miles. The paper will also provide a critical analysis of the steps of Quaid-i-Azam which he took for the purpose of the solidarity of newly born state of Pakistan but which steps were allegedly used as a negative propaganda against the founder of Pakistan in order to give air to the ideas of separatism in the Bengalis. In this context the Quaid’s decision for the selection of Karachi as the capital of Pakistan and his use of powers as the governor general of Pakistan would be analyzed. -
Institute of Business Administration, Karachi Bba, Bs
FINAL RESULT - FALL 2020 ROUND 1 Announced on Tuesday, February 25, 2020 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, KARACHI BBA, BS (ACCOUNTING & FINANCE), BS (ECONOMICS) & BS (SOCIAL SCIENCES) ADMISSIONS TEST HELD ON SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2020 (FALL 2020, ROUND 1) LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR DIRECT ADMISSION (BSAF PROGRAM) SAT Test Math Eng TOTAL Maximum Marks 800 800 1600 Cut-Off Marks 600 600 1410 Math Eng Total IBA Test MCQ MCQ MCQ Maximum Marks 180 180 360 Cut-Off Marks 100 100 256 Seat S. No. App No. Name Father's Name No. 1 18 845 FABIHA SHAHID SHAHIDSIDDIQUI 132 136 268 2 549 1510 MUHAMMAD QASIM MAHMOOD AKHTAR 148 132 280 3 558 426 MUHAMMAD MUTAHIR ABBAS AMAR ABBAS 144 128 272 4 563 2182 ALI ABDULLAH MUHAMMAD ASLAM 136 128 264 5 1272 757 MUHAMMAD DANISH NADEEM MUHAMMAD NADEEM TAHIR 136 128 264 6 2001 1 MUHAMMAD JAWWAD HABIB MUHAMMAD NADIR HABIB 160 100 260 7 2047 118 MUHAMMAD ANAS LIAQUAT ALI 148 128 276 8 2050 125 HAFSA AZIZ AZIZAHMED 128 136 264 9 2056 139 MUHAMMAD SALMAN ANWAR MUHAMMAD ANWAR 156 132 288 10 2086 224 MOHAMMAD BADRUDDIN RIND BALOCH BAHAUDDIN BALOCH 144 112 256 11 2089 227 AHSAN KAMAL LAGHARI GHULAM ALI LAGHARI 136 160 296 12 2098 247 SYED MUHAMMAD RAED SYED MUJTABA NADEEM 152 132 284 13 2121 304 AREEB AHMED BAIG ILHAQAHMED BAIG 108 152 260 14 2150 379 SHAHERBANO ‐ ABDULSAMAD SURAHIO 148 124 272 15 2158 389 AIMEN ATIQ SYED ATIQ UR REHMAN 148 124 272 16 2194 463 MUHAMMAD SAAD MUHAMMAD ABBAS 152 136 288 17 2203 481 FARAZ NAWAZ MUHAMMAD NAWAZ 132 128 260 18 2210 495 HASNAIN IRFAN IRFAN ABDULAZIZ 128 132 260 19 2230 -
Students, Space, and the State in East Pakistan/Bangladesh 1952-1990
1 BEYOND LIBERATION: STUDENTS, SPACE, AND THE STATE IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH 1952-1990 A dissertation presented by Samantha M. R. Christiansen to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts September, 2012 2 BEYOND LIBERATION: STUDENTS, SPACE, AND THE STATE IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH 1952-1990 by Samantha M. R. Christiansen ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate School of Northeastern University September, 2012 3 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the history of East Pakistan/Bangladesh’s student movements in the postcolonial period. The principal argument is that the major student mobilizations of Dhaka University are evidence of an active student engagement with shared symbols and rituals across time and that the campus space itself has served as the linchpin of this movement culture. The category of “student” developed into a distinct political class that was deeply tied to a concept of local place in the campus; however, the idea of “student” as a collective identity also provided a means of ideological engagement with a globally imagined community of “students.” Thus, this manuscript examines the case study of student mobilizations at Dhaka University in various geographic scales, demonstrating the levels of local, national and global as complementary and interdependent components of social movement culture. The project contributes to understandings of Pakistan and Bangladesh’s political and social history in the united and divided period, as well as provides a platform for analyzing the historical relationship between social movements and geography that is informative to a wide range of disciplines. -
English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications
Journal of Education & Social Sciences Vol. 5(1): 52-67, 2017 DOI: 10.20547/jess0421705104 English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications Syeda Bushra Zaidi ∗ Sajida Zaki y Abstract: From sociolinguistic or anthropological perspective, Pakistan is classified as a multilingual context with most people speaking one native or regional language alongside Urdu which is the national language. With respect to English, Pakistan is a second language context which implies that the language is institutionalized and enjoying the privileged status of being the official language. This thematic paper is an attempt to review the arrival and augmentation of English language in Pakistan both before and after its creation. The chronological description is carried out in order to identify the consequences of this spread and to link them with possible future developments and implications. Some key themes covered in the paper include a brief historical overview of English language from how it was introduced to the manner in which it has developed over the years especially in relation to various language and educational policies. Based on the critical review of the literature presented in the paper there seems to be no threat to English in Pakistan a prediction true for the language globally as well. The status of English, as it globally elevates, will continue spreading and prospering in Pakistan as well enriching the Pakistani English variety that has already born and is being studied and codified. However, this process may take long due to the instability of governing policies and law-makers. A serious concern for researchers and people in general, however, will continue being the endangered and indigenous varieties that may continue being under considerable pressure from the prestigious varieties. -
A Linguistic Critique of Pakistani-American Fiction
CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIONS THROUGH PAKISTANIZATION OF ENGLISH: A LINGUISTIC CRITIQUE OF PAKISTANI-AMERICAN FICTION By Supervisor Muhammad Sheeraz Dr. Muhammad Safeer Awan 47-FLL/PHDENG/F10 Assistant Professor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English To DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD April 2014 ii iii iv To my Ama & Abba (who dream and pray; I live) v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe special gratitude to my teacher and research supervisor, Dr. Muhammad Safeer Awan. His spirit of adventure in research, the originality of his ideas in regard to analysis, and the substance of his intellect in teaching have guided, inspired and helped me throughout this project. Special thanks are due to Dr. Kira Hall for having mentored my research works since 2008, particularly for her guidance during my research at Colorado University at Boulder. I express my deepest appreciation to Mr. Raza Ali Hasan, the warmth of whose company made my stay in Boulder very productive and a memorable one. I would also like to thank Dr. Munawar Iqbal Ahmad Gondal, Chairman Department of English, and Dean FLL, IIUI, for his persistent support all these years. I am very grateful to my honorable teachers Dr. Raja Naseem Akhter and Dr. Ayaz Afsar, and colleague friends Mr. Shahbaz Malik, Mr. Muhammad Hussain, Mr. Muhammad Ali, and Mr. Rizwan Aftab. I am thankful to my friends Dr. Abdul Aziz Sahir, Dr. Abdullah Jan Abid, Mr. Muhammad Awais Bin Wasi, Mr. Muhammad Ilyas Chishti, Mr. Shahid Abbas and Mr. -
A Brief History of Pakistani Fiction and Portrayal Of
CHAPTER-1 : A BRIEF HISTORY OF PAKISTANI FICTION AND PORTRAYAL OF SOCIETY IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH FICTION 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION Percy Bysshe Shelley in his masterpiece A Defence of Poetry has said that poets are ―the unacknowledged legislators of mankind.‖- (Shelly, A Defence of Poetry).The function of a legislator is to lay down the law, a settled course of action that men may follow. All literary works show us various aspects of the society from politics, economics and culture, via various genres of literature from time to time. Literature is considered to be the criticism of life because it mirrors the society, people and the time in which it is produced. Conventionally, literature holds a mirror to life. Corroborating this idea of connection of society and literature, Hippolyte Taine, a French critic gives a scientific approach to the study of literature through his theory of race, milieu and moment. According to this theory Men, Milieu and Message, cannot be separated from literature. As mentioned by the Encyclopedia Britannica: ―Race, milieu, and moment, according to the French critic Hippolyte Taine, are three principal motives or conditioning factors behind any work of art.‖- (―Race,Milieu and Moment‖, Encylopedia Britanica) The philosopher analyses the scientific approach to the work of literature to find out the motivational factor which created that work. To validate what Taine writes, there are many examples of works of literature such as portrayal of social problems during Victorian age in the novels of Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy, the satirical presentation of society of restoration in the comedy of manners of Oscar Wilde and the portrayal of Indian society in the works of Raja Rao, Bhabhani Bhattacharya, Mulk Raj Anand, R.K.Narayan and Ruskin Bond.