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Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra in the Bṛhattrayī And

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Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra in the Bṛhattrayī And International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016; 4(4): 01-08 E-ISSN: 2321-2187 P-ISSN: 2394-0514 IJHM 2016; 4(4): 01-08 Medicinal plants for the treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra in Received: 01-05-2016 Accepted: 02-06-2016 the Bṛhattrayī and Mādhava Cikitsā treatises of Āyurveda AK Thorat Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, AK Thorat and DN Mishra College of Computer Science and IT, Ambajogai Road, Latur, Maharashtra, India. Abstract Mādhava is one of the Āyurvedic practitioners (ca 9th Century CE) after the Caraka – Suśruta era, who DN Mishra had made a great compilation called Mādhava Nidāna. In a later stage, another unique treatise was Sub-Centre (Swami Ramanand composed by the same author Mādhava, named Mādhava Cikitsā in the line of diseases referred to in Teerth Marathwada University), Mādhava Nidāna. Mādhava Cikitsā composition is not well known to the world due to the absence of a Ausa Road, Peth, Latur, proper critical edition on the basis of available manuscripts. A study of the medicinal plants used for the Maharashtra, India. treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra disease (painful urination) given in Mādhava Cikitsā was compared to that of the Bṛhattrayī (Caraka Saṁhitā, Suśruta Saṁhitā and Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam) texts. It is found in the study that a single Sanskrit name of a plant has also been described for other plant species having different botanical identity in the literature. The ambiguity in plant names and botanical identity has been assigned to non-availability of suitable ancient taxonomic or pharmacognostic records for the correct botanical identifications of the Sanskrit as well as the vernacular names of medicinal plants of the same period. An attempt is made here to find the most probable correct botanical identification of each plant described for Mūtrakṛcchra Cikitsā in the texts, through a critical survey of the literature and by analysing and comparing all possible identifications. The study of the texts and matching of the medicinal plant names made the list to contain 38 identified plant species for the treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra as common in these four treatises of Āyurveda. There are 09 different plants identified in the description of Mādhava Cikitsā only which are not mentioned in the Bṛhattrayī. However, a majority of the plant species (43%) belong to herbaceous habit and to family Poaceae, Zingiberacea (4-4 plants each) followed by family Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae (2-2 Plants each) and one-one plants are represented by family Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Marsileaceae, Musaceae, Saxifragaceae, Zygophyllaceae. The present discussion of the taxonomically most appropriate plant names contributes to the relevant domain of knowledge about these medicinal plants and their variations, which turn contributes to the exploration of their curative and therapeutic value in Mūtrakṛcchra Cikitsā. Keywords: Āyurveda, Medicinal plants, Bṛhattrayī, Mādhava Cikitsā, Mūtrakṛcchra. 1. Introduction India has a rich intellectual and textual heritage that dates back to several hundreds of years. India is also being distinguished for its largest collections of manuscripts of any civilization in the world. There are more than five million manuscripts collected, which consist of several valuable medical texts [1]. Āyurveda, the Indian indigenous system of medicine, dating back to the Vedic period (ca 4500-1600 BC) has been an integral part of Indian culture [2]. Plants have been used as a rich source of effective and safe medicines due to their natural healing [3-6] properties . According to WHO estimate, about 80% of the world populations depend on [3, 4, 5, 7] traditional medicines, mostly on plant drugs to treat various ailments . Three major Sanskrit texts on Āyurveda viz. Caraka Samhitā, Suśrut Samhitā and Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam were written by the ancient Āyurvedic practitioner’s Ācārya Caraka, Ācārya Suśruta and Ācārya Vagbhatta respectively and these three Āyurvedic treatises are collectively [8, 9] known as Bṛhattrayī . Suśruta and Caraka are regarded as the oldest medicinal authorities [10] and are held in great esteem in India till today . Mādhava is one of the Āyurvedic Correspondence practitioners of the middle age (ca 9th century CE), who also contributed immensely to AK Thorat Āyurvedic work. He had written (perhaps) about 11 Sanskrit texts on Āyurveda. The most Biotechnology Research Centre, famous volumes out of these are Mādhava Nidāna and Mādhava Cikitsā [9]. Department of Biotechnology, College of Computer Science and Mūtrakṛcchra is the condition of painful urination or incontinence of urine. In modern [12-15] IT, Ambajogai road, Latur, terminology, it is called as Dysuria . In the classical Āyurvedic Sanskrit texts, urinary tract Maharashtra, India. disorder is described as Mūtrakṛcchra [2]. Bṛhattrayī and Mādhava Cikitsā texts have given the ~ 1 ~ International Journal of Herbal Medicine treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra and described many herbal plant 2. Methodology of the study preparations to cure this disorder. But rapid modernization, The text of the Mādhav Cikitsā, Ācārya-Mādhavakar-viracita, urbanization, deforestation and extinction of many plant was studied from its only edition in Sanskrit with Hindi species resulted in adulteration and substitution of incorrect commentary edited by Vaidya Sohanlal Dhadhica and raw drugs in the alternative healthcare approaches [16, 17]. At Principal Shri Bhanvarlal Dugad. So also the texts of present, the adulteration and substitution of the herbal drugs Bṛhattrayī (Caraka Samhitā, Suśrut Samhitā, are the burning problems in herbal medicinal industries. In Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam) were studied from their 2007, 2008 and many developing countries, medicinal plants have not been 2011 editions [12, 13, 14]. All Sanskrit plant names given in the correctly studied or documented. The extent of knowledge on Mādhava Cikitsā for the treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra were traditional medicines should be documented with correct listed and scrutinized for their Āyurvedic, Vernacular and botanical identification of plants through study of manuscripts Botanical nomenclature with available literature. The Sanskrit and botanical surveys before such rich heritage are lost due to texts, different manuscripts and plant taxonomic literature various anthropogenic and other causes [18]. (Glossaries, Nighantus, Flora, etc) including the official API An attempt has been made by the authors to list out all the & AFI were referred to have a basis for the most probable plants (Sanskrit names) given in Mādhava Cikitsā for the identifications of these plants as per the maximum agreement treatment of Mūtrakṛcchra in the chapter (No. 30) and of names by the authors in references and by adhering to the compare the list with that of Bṛhattrayī. The most probable latest taxonomic principles of nomenclature of ICBN. and correct botanical identification of each plant (including The comparative study of medicinal plants listed from synonyms) was also determined through literature survey. The Bṛhattrayī and Mādhava Cikitsā is explained in the table final list will expectedly help Āyurvedic practitioners and below: herbal companies to understand the correct plant species for CS = Caraka Samhitā, SS= Suśrut Samhitā, AH= the treatment as well as it will help to enrich plant database Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam, MC= Mādhava Cikitsā regarding medicinal plants for the treatment of renal disorder. Table 1: Plants for Mūtrakṛcchra treatment common in Mādhava Cikitsā and Bṛhattrayī Sr. Botanical name and Family Vernacular Name (s) Sanskrit name (s) Text (s) No. Abutilon indicum L. Sweet. [3, 7, 11, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30] Kākhi, Kākhīyā [28], Kaṅgahi Kangahi [28], Ṛṣyaprōktā [11], Kaṅkatika [11, 25], 1. SS and MC Syn. A. indicum G. Don. [11, 24] [25, 28, 29] Atībalā [11, 25, 28, 30] Malvaceae [3, 7, 11, 19, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30] Alstonia scholaris L. R. Br. [11, 19, Sataunā, Sattivanna [28] Vīśaltvak, Ṣārd, Vīṣamcchad [11, 28], Saptacchada, AH, CS 2. 20, 25, 28, 30, 32] Chativan, Sattavaṇṇa [25, 28, 32] Saptāhvā [11, 25], Saptaparṇa [11, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32] and MC Apocynaceae [11, 19, 20, 25, 28, 30] Amomum subulatum Roxb. [11, 18, Elā, Sathula, Brūhdelā, Caṅdrabala, Nīśakuti [28], Purvi Ilāyacī, Lāl Ilāyacī [28], AH, CS 3. 23, 25, 28, 27] Bahulā, Pṛuthavīkā, Trīputa [11, 28], Sthūlailā [11, 27, Baḍī ilāyacī [23, 25, 28] and MC Zingiberaceae [11, 18, 25, 28] 28], Bhadrailā [10, 11, 25, 28] Anogeissus latifolia Wall. ex. Dhat, Naṅditaru, Gaura [28], Bahaupuṣapi, Bedd. [3, 11, 19, 28, 32] Dhaurā, Dhau, Dhau-vṛukśa 4. Tāmrapuṣapi, Vanījavālā [25], Dhuraṅdharā [11, 28], CS and MC Combretaceae [11, 19, 28] [28], Dhavā [25, 28] Dhava [11, 28, 32] Arundo donax L. Trin. ex Steud. Poṭgala, Śunayāmadhayā, Dhaman [28], Devanala CS, SS and 5. [11, 28, 30] Narasal, Nal [28] [11], Nala [11, 28, 30] MC Poaceae [11, 28, 30] Asparagus racemosus Willd. [3, 4, Śatamūli [11], Abhīru [25], Pīvari [28], Bahusutā, 5, 7, 11, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33] Śarnoī [28], Śatāvari [3, 4, 5, 28], Śatpadi, Śatavīryā, Īṅdivari, Bhīrua [3, 28], Atīrasā CS, SS and 6. Lilieaceae [3, 4, 5, 7, 19, 25, 28, 29, 30] Satāvar, Śatamūli [25, 28] [11, 25], Nārāyaṇi, Vār i [11, 25, 28], Śatāvari [11, 28, 30, 32, MC 33] Berberis aristata DC. [4, 5, 8, 11, 25, Dāru hardī [28], Parjañyā, Parjani, Pīta, Kāliyāk, Kāleyak, Pītdāru, 7. 28, 32] Dārhalad [25, 28], Dāru haldī [4, Haridru, Pītak [11], Dāruharidrā [4, 5, 11, 32], Dārvi [8, CS and MC Berberidaceae [4, 5, 8, 11, 25, 28] 25, 28] 11, 25, 32] Ārvet, Dīrghfalā, Suvarnafala [28], Karnīkāra, Cassia fistula L. [3, 7, 11, 16, 18, 19, 20, Sonhali [28], Girimālā [25], Rājvṛūkṣā, Vyādhighātā, Śvaernak [11, 25, 28], AH, CS 8. 25, 27, 28, 30, 32] Āmaltās [16, 25, 28] Āragvādha [11, 30, 27, 32, 20, 28], Śaṁpaka, Kṛtamāla [11, and MC Caesalpiniaceae [7, 16, 11, 19, 30] 16, 25, 28], Rājvrūkṣa [11, 25, 28, 32] Dēvakāṣṭha, Dāruka, Dēvadruma, Śaptapatrīka [11], Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud [4, Dārubhadra, Īṅdradāru, Maśtadāru, Drukīlīm, 9. 11, 16, 25, 28] Debdār [16, 25, 28] Kīlīm, Śurbhuruha [28], Suradāru [11, 16], CS and MC Pinaceae [8, 11, 25, 28] Bhadradāru, Āmartaru [4, 11, 25], Dāru, Devadāru [4, 11, 16, 25, 28] Cucumis melo L.
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