Singer: Misora Hibari
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Sentimental Songs? Korean trot (teuroteu or t’ŭrot’ŭ) Japanese enka WK 7 Min-Jung Son, “Regulating and Negotiating in t’ŭrot’ŭ, a Korean Popular Song Style.” Christine Yano, “Inventing Selves: Images and Image- Making in a Japanese Popular music Genre.” • “to follow the distinctions made by the music industry which, in turn, reflect both musical history and marketing categories” (Frith, 1987). • “Classify them [genres] according to their ideological effects, the way they sell themselves as art, community or emotion” (Frith). • Musical genres continue to function as marketing categories and reference points for musicians, critics and fans, particular examples clearly demonstrate that genre divisions must be regarded as highly fluid. No style is totally independent of those that have preceded it, and musicians borrow elements from existing styles and incorporate them into new forms. Performers have always absorbed influences across genre (and colour) lines (Roy Shuker, “Genre,” in Popular Music The Key Concepts, 1998). Sentimental Songs Korean Trot Japanese Enka • https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=_JPKop-dYJ8 • https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HtXSA5wNCgo Singer: Misora Hibari (美空 ひ ばり Singer: Mija Lee (李美子) “Kawa no nagare no you ni “Tongbaek agassi [Camelia [Like the flow of water] 川の lady] 동백아가씨” 流れのように) Some musical features • Trot and Enka Sentimental lyrics Emotion Pentatonic scale Close association with folksong traditions Musical gestures: vibrato, melisma, bending Stage performance gestures: little movement, formality Small market Historical and pre-modern image Women Are all trot and enka sentimental? “Sarangŭi t’ŭwisŭt’ŭ [Love twist]” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdMjKDFagco “Matsuri” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSXrplvy1I0 • Trot • Enka Chŏnt’ong kayo (traditional popular Nihonjin no kokoro music) -traditional aesthetics Heart of Japan -transformed as unique sound of Korea -Post-WWII Sentiment Nostalgia Emergence of popular music Trot as a case in point Popular Music in Korea • Japanese Colonial Period (1910-1945) – Commercial Recordings Introduced in 1920s • Yuhaengga: Pop • Sinminyo: New folksong – Japan, window of modernity • Education, [Western] culture, and technology • Recording Companies – Victor and Columbia: Branches in Japan, Korea – OKEH or Taepyeong Record: Korean companies Yuhaengga Singers in 1910-1945 Female Singers • Elite women who were educated and trained in Western Classical Music Male Singers (opera) • Elite men who were • Female courtesans educated and trained in Western Classical music • Popular singers without (opera) former music training • Self-motivated singers • Virtuoso singers who were recognized through competitions Yun Simdeuk (1897-1926) • 1st. female popular singer • Tokyo Music School • Opera singer • Symbol of modern lady • https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=lG4LolklcbQ • “Glorification of Death” Life, running through a vast wilderness! what are you searching for? In this or that way, life is once and you live only one time Money, status, or love, I have no desire for any of them 1st. commercial recording – Korean lyrics to the melody of a Romanian composer, Losif Ivanovich’s “The Danube Waves” (1880) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =Ht30HqwXoxA Yun Simdeuk (1897-1926) • Love affair with a married man • Committed a suicide with her lover on a ferry returning to Korea • Mysterious death Gisaeng [Female Courtesan] Singers • Only female group whose socialization with men had been legitimated in old Korea. • Used to be mystified with sophistication, intellectual knowledge, and performing arts skills. • From government employees to private gisaeng schools in the early 20th century. Later, the gisaeng schools supplied female entertainers to the bars and clubs. Wang Subok (1917-2003) • 1st courtesan who debuted as a popular singer • 1st album in 1933 with Columbia Record • Popular throughout 1930s • Lived as a respected singer in North Korea until her death Wang Subok (1917-2003) th “High Endurance” or “7 of July” th • The boat left on 7 day of July • Having appeared on far sea and is indeed returning home • The boatman’s song gets closer and closer • But no news from the man who left me • He swore his love to me by cutting his hair • That moment I still remember • Is this soft ocean wave his song? • Dark ocean in sleep makes me lonely https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_ PYysx19x8 Lee Nanyeong (1916-1965) • Born to a poor family • At her age of 15, she joined the Sunny Theatre as an actress but was never a heroine. • In 1935, her “Tears of Mokpo” became the best selling album. • Featured as the Diva of Yuhaengga: successful singer • After her husband died, she inherited her husband’s entertainment management company • Successful career woman, single mom • Mother of Kim Sisters and Kim Brothers • In 2007, selected as one of the 10 best singers in the history of Korean popular music. “Tears of Mokpo” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URyYRoi_B1A “Tears of Mokpo”(1935) • When the boatman’s song is fading away • The Samhak Island near Mokpo is also sunken into the deep ocean waves • The hem of a young lady at the pier is fully soaked Is she crying because of parting? • That is the sorrow of Mokpo Lee Nan Young & Kim Sisters • “Blue Dream of Café” • “Tears of Falling Blossoms” • Show American Jazz and Big Band influence on her music already in 1940. • Unlike how she was portrayed in media, she was not a traditional lady. Kim Sisters • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPfOil8K 0F8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH4IGtY wcs4 Korean Female Pop Singers in 1920s and 1950s lyrics – Tears Images of women singers – Longing • Money than self-motivation – Waiting – Separation • Filial piety or sacrificial – Love daughter • Passive, helpless, stationary, • Traditional than modern lady (e.g., traditional dress) • Famous spouses Male Singers lyrics Images of male singers • Nostalgia • Educated • Love • Modern • Separation • Western Classical music • Longing background • Away from Home • Self-driven, proactive musicians with passion Voice quality: • Gentlemen refined, nasal, high tessitura, bright, clear sound Male Singers of Yuhaengga Chae Gyuyeop (1906-1949) Nam Insu (1918-1962) Go Boksu (1911-1972) Nam Insu (1918-1962) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3EUCxcPMz8 “Serenade of Sorrow” • Even though I know crying won’t bring my love back • Tears soothe my heart tonight • Looking upon the stars through the open window • I wonder who is whispering to me • Go Boksu, “Living Away From Home” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I93oA4agjrc • Chae Gyuyeop, “Song of Hopes” (1937) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uti8n0ELjSA Trot medley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8zb37Az1X8 Himangga (Song of Hopes or Wishing Song) Enligh folktune “Garden Hymn” in America “Roots of White Fuji Mountain” in Japan “Himangga” in Korea • Garden Hymn • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysVNIWLxz7s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A97kj_pHL-s&list=PL236D26BE2118D89A • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSVoxH6cBKI • What is your hope living in this world filled with difficulties and troubles? • Na huna: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JY3sQVF3oDQ • Folksong: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnM8vWLcffA Early popular music in Korea and localization • Foreign melodies with vernacular text • Indigenous folksongs sung in new style • Intersection of various music styles and origins: popular folksongs, indigenous songs, foreign songs including religious hymn tunes, art songs, and school/children songs • “Vernacular text” and “indigenous singers”: what defined “Korean pop” Yuhaengga [‘song in fashion’] Teuroteu (t’ŭrot’ŭ) – Yuhaengga [‘song in fashion’] • Korean popular music in the early 20th century – Music style that immediately links to the ideas of old, past, and outdated • t’ŭrot’ŭ (teuroteu):트로트 • ppongtchak (ppongjjak): 뽕짝 • chŏnt’ong (kayo Jeontonggayo): 전통가요 TRT in 1950s and on • Korean War 1950-1953 • Post-war TRT in 1950s: – war or in relation to war experiences • “Be Brave Geumsun!” • “Heartbreak of Miari Hill” – separation • “Separation at Busan Station” Hyeon In (1919-2002): Graduated from Tokyo Music School and debuted in 1947 “Be Brave Geumsun!” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cb5_tWTuU6I “Full Moon Night of Silla Dynasty” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SXG8hWWMUM His deep vibrato and bending notes were imitated by following TRT singers Female Pop singers since the late 1960s • Patty Kim (1938-) • Hyun Mi (1938-) – Debut in 1962 – Debut in 1958 – GI Club Musician – Recital in 1962 – “Night Mist” – “Glorification of Seoul” – https://www.youtube.co – “Separation” m/watch?v=HPauccUJTIE – “Can’t Live without You” – https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=G2kN9TnNhfU Lee Mija (1941-): Queen of Elegy • Debut in 1958 – In 1958, “ 19-year-old Girl’s Genuine Love” – In 1964, “Camellia girl” – In 1967, “Village island teacher” – In 1968, “Goodbye Seoul” – In 1969, “Seagull Daddy” – In 1970, “Madam” – In 1971, “Black Coral Island Girl” • Known that she recorded 2000 songs through her 60s 대표곡 열아홉 순정 1959년 서울의 아가씨 1963년 동백 아가씨 1964년 • 19-year-old girl’s genuine love 흑산도 아가씨 1965년 • The Seoul lady 황포돛대 1966년 • Camellia girl (!) 빙점 1967년 • The Hŭksando girl (The girl 여자의 일생 1968년 of Black coral island) 기러기 아빠 1969년 • The teacher on a rural 아씨 1970년 island (village island 못 잊을 당신 1971년 teacher) (!) 여로 1972년 • Freezing point 낭주골 처녀 1973년 • A Life of a woman 정든 섬 1974년 • Seagull daddy (!) 안 오실까봐 1975년 • Madam 모정 1978년 • The lady of Namju valley 노래는 나의 인생 1989 • . “Camellia Girl” • So many uncountable nights • With the pain like slicing one’s