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History of Zapin Tradition Office at Tanjung Medang Subscribes of Rupat Utara of Bengkalis Regency

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History of Zapin Tradition Office at Tanjung Medang Subscribes of Rupat Utara of Bengkalis Regency 1 HISTORY OF ZAPIN TRADITION OFFICE AT TANJUNG MEDANG SUBSCRIBES OF RUPAT UTARA OF BENGKALIS REGENCY Suryanto *, Prof.Dr.Isjoni, M.Si **, Bunari, S.Pd, M.Si *** Email: [email protected], , [email protected], [email protected] Cp: 081268083554 History Education Studies Program Education Department of Social Sciences Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau Abstract: The History of the Zapin Dance of Fire, started before the Zapin Api was named Zapin Api. Dance of Fire starts from the existence of the Akit Tribe who came from Malacca to do Bele Kampong (guard the village). To integrate the four elements of life in the fire, water, soil and wind. But after the influence of Islam into the island Rupat, fire dance changed into a dance that uses Zapin music with the reason the spreaders of Islam in Rupat Island make Zapin Api dance as a medium of spreading of Islam that many mengadung puja praise of the Prophet, research method using a qualitative approach , a type of study whose findings were not obtained through statistical procedures or other forms of calculation. The type of research is field research, ie research conducted with a direct jump to explore and examine the data pertaining to the title. While the data collection technique in this research is done by using two methods, namely: interview and documentation study. The results showed that the fire zapin dance is one of the local culture of Rupat Island. Keywords: Zapin Api, Local Culture, Rupat Utara Bengkalis 2 SEJARAH TRADISI TARI ZAPIN API DI DESA TANJUNG MEDANG KECAMATAN RUPAT UTARA KABUPATEN BENGKALIS Suryanto *, Prof.Dr.Isjoni, M.Si **, Bunari, S.Pd, M.Si *** Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Cp: 081268083454 Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Riau Abstrak: Sejarah adanya Tari Zapin Api, dimulai sebelum Zapin Api ini bernama Zapin Api. Tari Api bermula dari keberadaan Suku Akit yang datang dari Malaka untuk melakukan Bele Kampong (jaga kampung). Untuk memperpadukan empat unsur kehidupan didalam yaitu api, air, tanah dan angin. Namun setelah pengaruh Islam masuk ke pulau Rupat, tari api dirubah menjadi sebuah tari yang menggunakan musik berunsurkan Zapin dengan alasan para penyebar agama Islam di Pulau Rupat menjadikan tari Zapin Api sebagai media penyebaran agama Islam yang banyak mengadung puja puji Nabi, Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sejenis penelitian yang temuan-temuannya tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitungan lainnya. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian lapangan, yakni penelitian yang dilakukan dengan terjun langsung kelapangan untuk menggali dan meneliti data yang berkenaan dengan judul. Sementara tehnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu: wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tari zapin api merupakan salah satu budaya lokal pulau Rupat. Kata Kunci: Zapin Api, Budaya Lokal, Rupat Utara Bengkalis 3 PENDAHULUAN Seni budaya tradisional adalah seni budaya yang sejak lama turun-temurun telah hidup dan berkembang pada suatu daerah tertentu, tidak dapat di sangkal bahwa kesenian tradisional sebagai salah satu unsur budaya akan tetap ada didalam masyarakat selama ia masih ada pendukungnya atau masih ada yang memelihara dan mengembangkanya. Indonesia dikenal dengan keragaman suku bangsa, etnis, bahasa, menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara yang kaya akan produk budaya. Tanpa ada kerja keras dan kemauan untuk memelihara serta melestarikan kebudayaan-kebudayaan daerah akan menyebabkan hilangnya kebudayaan tersebut. Perkembangan ilmu agama dan sosial budaya yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, kemudian menjadikan masyarakat yang menjunjung tinggi akhlak, etika, moral, dan kualitas intelektual serta kecerdasan agar memiliki keperibadian yang sesuai dengan norma-norma agama dan nilai-nilai luhur budaya bangsa telah dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya namun dengan perkembangan dan kemajuan dari segala aspek kehidupan di luar bidang agama dan sosal budaya, telah mengalami banyak perubahan dan perkembangan seiring perubahan zaman. Dalam kreatifitas kehidupan masyarkat selalu menghasilkan produk budaya, di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan suku bangsa, etnis, dan bahasa menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara yang kaya akan produk budaya. Seni tradisional merupakan seni budaya bangsa yang telah banyak menarik wisatawan untuk berkunjung pada suatu daerah tujuan wisata di Indonesia.1 Dari sekian banyak provinsi yang ada di Indonesian dikenal provinsi Riau yang berbasiskan kebudayaan Melayu, produk-produknya sangat dikenal oleh bangsa Indonesia, Regional bahkan Internasional. Salah satu diantara kebudayaan tersebut dikenal dengan seni pertunjukan “Tari Zapin Api” yang hanya berada di Pulau Rupat, Kabupaten Bengkalis. Kabupaten Bengkalis merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Provoinsi Riau. Wilayahnya mencakup daratan bagian timur pulau Sumatera dan wilayah kepulauan, ibukota kabupaten ini berada di Bengkalis tepatnya berada di Pulau Bengkalis yang terpisah dari Pulau Sumatera. Kota terbesar di kabupaten ini adalah kota Duri di kecamatan Mandau. Selain itu terdapat dua kecamatan yang terpisah dari Pulau Bengkalis yaitu Kecamatan Rupat dan Kecapatan Rupat utara. Di kecamatan Rupat Utara banyak memiliki tradisi-tradisi yang tidak ada ditempat lain sperti di Desa Tanjung Medang memiliki tradisi tari Zapin Api Tari Zapin Api merupakan tarian langka suku Melayu Rupat Utara yang nyaris punah, tari Zapin Api adalah sebuah tarian kuno, dimana pemainnya tidak sadarkan diri yang menari-nari di atas bara api. Pengamat budaya daerah yang bertugas di Dinas Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Riau, mengatakan, “Tari Zapin Api merupakan paduan antara Tari Api dan Zapin pada masa pra-Islam.2 Ada juga yang mengatakan berkaitan erat dengan budaya dari daerah Kubu, Rokan Hilir. Yakni adanya temuan di daerah Rokan Hilir bahwasanya ada tradisi pengobatan yang menggunakan media percikan api yakni Tari Burung Kuayang dari suku Bonai. Dengan bentuk kegiatan paham sufi di 1 Oka A. Yoeti. Pengantar Ilmu Pariwisata. (Bandung : Aksara offset 1996) hlm 2 3 http://bertuah.or.id/2016/05/tari-zapin-api-budaya-melayu-riau-yang-anti-mainstream.html.Tari Zapin Api, Budaya Melayu Riau yang Anti Mainstream oleh: Wiwik Setiawati di akses tanggal 7 Maret 2017,jam 09:24 am 4 daerah Rokan Hilir dengan membacakan syair para guru atau khalifah dan catatan mantra yang sama dengan dinyanyikan oleh khalifah tari Zapin Api di Rupat Utara. Tari Zapin Api ini memang belum dikenal luas di Riau. Hanya orang-orang yang ada di Pulau Rupat dan orang-orang yang sudah pernah ke Pulau Rupat yang tahu tentang Zapin Api. Orang luar Pulau Rupat biasanya hanya mendapat cerita bagaimana tarian tari Zapin Api itu dimainkan. Berlangsungnya perubahan didalam masyarakat yang terus menerus sehingga membawa arus perubahan dan pergeseran nilai-nilai budaya yang di anut masyarakat. Terjadinya berbagai perubahan-perubahan dan pergeseran nilai-nilai tentulah semakin memberi peluang di abaikan atau bahkan hilangannya beberapa unsur budaya dan Trdisi di dalam masyarakat. Keadaan ini lambat laun menyebabkan orang mulai kehilangan lambang-lambang dan makna hakiki yang di kandungnya. METODE PENELITIAN Metode penelitian adalah suatu alat pendekatan ilmiah yang digunakan untuk mencari kebenaran atau untuk menemukan suatu pengetahuan yang baru, menguji teori atau untuk menjawab suatu masalah yang dihadapi. Dalam penelitian ini mengunakan Metode Historis. Metode ini merupakan merekontruksi masa lampau secara sistematis dan objektif dengan pengumpulan data dan pengelolaanya. Dalam pengelolaan data penulis akan menulis data yang di pelajari sebagaimana adanya pada masa itu dengan konsep yang jelas dan bahan yang mudah dan dapat di pahami. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan sebagai berikut : a. Teknik observasi b. Teknik wawancara c. Teknik studi kepustakaan Data dianalisis secara pendekatan kualitatif yaitu data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan catatan lapangan, dokumentasi serta rekaman. Data tersebut dikumpulkan dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan urutan kejadiannya, dengan demikian semua informasi yang didapatkan dari informan dikumpulkan dan dipelajari sebagai suatu kumpulan informasi yang utuh dan selanjutnya dianalisis kemudian diambil suatu kesimpulan yang dibuat dalam penulisan deskriptif. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Sejarah Keberadaan Tradisi Tari Zapin Api di Desa Tanjung Medang Kecamatan Rupat Utara Sejarah adanya Tari Zapin Api, dimulai sebelum Zapin Api ini bernama Zapin Api di Rupat pernah ada sebuah tari, yaitu Tari Api. Tari Api bermula dari keberadaan Suku Akit yang datang dari Malaka untuk melakukan Bele Kampong (jaga kampung). Untuk memperpadukan empat unsur kehidupan dialam yaitu api, air, tanah dan angin. Namun setelah pengaruh Islam masuk ke pulau Rupat yang dibawa oleh bangsa Aceh keturunan Arab, tari api dirubah menjadi sebuah tari yang 5 menggunakan musik berunsurkan Zapin dengan alasan para penyebar agama Islam di Pulau Rupat menjadikan tari Zapin Api sebagai media penyebaran agama Islam yang banyak mengadung puja puji Nabi, tentang sejarah Nabi dan kebesaran Allah SWT.3 Ada beberapa hal yang membuat Zapin Api di Rupat menarik, tentunya berdasarkan atraksi yang tergambar yaitu eksistensi tari Zapin Api. Tari zapin tentunya bukanlah hal yang asing bagi kita.Tari Zapin lekat dengan Melayu di mana saja di Nusantara. Bahkan tari ini
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