2019 02 26 Letter to Dist List RE Bluenose East Management
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Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D
17 Native Land Claims and the Future of Archaeology in the Northwest Territories, Canada Thomas D. Andrews Charles D. Arnnold Elisa J. Hart Margaret M. Bertulli The settlement of comprehensive land claims is ushering in major changes in the manage ment of land and resources in the Northwest Territories, including heritage resources. This chap ter summarizes the progress that has been made in completing land claims, anticipates the impact that the claims will have on the way archaeological research is conducted, and discusses how the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) is responding to these changes. Suggestions for dealing with the current social and political setting in the design and implementation of archaeological projects are also presented. OUTLINE OF NATIVE LAND CLAIMS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES In the early 1970s, the Government of Canada established a comprehensive claims policy to guide negotiations with Native groups in settling Aboriginal interests in lands that they tradition ally occupied. Although the Northwest Territories has its own legislative assembly and its own bureaucracy to administer most of the business of government, the Government of Canada has the sole responsibility for settling Aboriginal land claims in the Northwest Territories. The Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Territories are the Inuit, the Dene, the Cree, and the Metis. The Inuit include the Inuvialuit of the Beaufort Sea and Amundson Gulf areas of the west ern Arctic, who, in 1984, were the first Aboriginal group in the Northwest Territories to settle a land claim with the Government of Canada (see Figure 1). In May, 1993, the Inuit of the eastern Arctic, an area commonly referred to as “Nunavut” signed a final agreement on a land claim. -
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-Making in the NWT
Understanding Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in the Northwest Territories: Chapter 2: Early Treaty-making in the NWT he first chapter in this series, Understanding Aboriginal The Royal Proclamation Tand Treaty Rights in the NWT: An Introduction, touched After Great Britain defeated France for control of North briefly on Aboriginal and treaty rights in the NWT. This America, the British understood the importance of chapter looks at the first contact between Aboriginal maintaining peace and good relations with Aboriginal peoples and Europeans. The events relating to this initial peoples. That meant setting out rules about land use contact ultimately shaped early treaty-making in the NWT. and Aboriginal rights. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 Early Contact is the most important statement of British policy towards Aboriginal peoples in North America. The Royal When European explorers set foot in North America Proclamation called for friendly relations with Aboriginal they claimed the land for the European colonial powers peoples and noted that “great frauds and abuses” had they represented. This amounted to European countries occurred in land dealings. The Royal Proclamation also asserting sovereignty over North America. But, in practice, said that only the Crown could legally buy Aboriginal their power was built up over time by settlement, trade, land and any sale had to be made at a “public meeting or warfare, and diplomacy. Diplomacy in these days included assembly of the said Indians to be held for that purpose.” entering into treaties with the indigenous Aboriginal peoples of what would become Canada. Some of the early treaty documents aimed for “peace and friendship” and refer to Aboriginal peoples as “allies” rather than “subjects”, which suggests that these treaties could be interpreted as nation-to-nation agreements. -
The Importance of Continuous Dialogue in Community-Based Wildlife Monitoring: Case Studies of Dzan and Łuk Dagaii in the Gwich’In Settlement Area1
1 ARTICLE The importance of continuous dialogue in community-based wildlife monitoring: case studies of dzan and łuk dagaii in the Gwich’in Settlement Area1 Rachel A. Hovel, Jeremy R. Brammer, Emma E. Hodgson, Amy Amos, Trevor C. Lantz, Chanda Turner, Tracey A. Proverbs, and Sarah Lord Abstract: Rapid environmental change in the Arctic elicits numerous concerns for ecosystems, natural resources, and ways of life. Robust monitoring is essential to adaptation and management in light of these challenges, and community-based monitoring (CBM) projects can enhance these efforts by highlighting traditional knowledge, ensuring that questions are locally important, and informing natural resource conservation and management. Implementation of CBM projects can vary widely depending on project goals, the communities, and the partners involved, and we feel there is value in sharing CBM project examples in different contexts. Here, we describe two projects in the Gwich’in Settlement Area (GSA), Canada, and highlight the process in which local management agencies set monitoring and research priorities. Dzan (muskrat; Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) and łuk dagaii (broad whitefish; Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)) are species of great cultural importance and are the focus of CBM projects conducted with concurrent social science research. We share challenges and lessons from our experiences, offer For personal use only. insights into operating CBM projects in the GSA, and present resources for researchers interested in pursuing wildlife research in this region. CBM projects provide rich opportuni- ties for benefitting managers, communities, and external researchers, particularly when the projects are built on a foundation of careful and continuous dialogue between partners. -
INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE and IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES on the SYMBOLIC MEANING of INUVIALUKTUN in the CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexand
INUVIALUIT LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: PERSPECTIVES ON THE SYMBOLIC MEANING OF INUVIALUKTUN IN THE CANADIAN WESTERN ARCTIC by Alexander C. Oehler B.A., University of Northern British Columbia, 2010 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2012 © Alexander C. Oehler, 2012 Abstract: The revitalization of ancestral languages has been an issue of great concern to Aboriginal communities across North America for several decades. More recently, this concern has also found a voice in educational policy, particularly in regions where Aboriginal land claims have been ratified, and where public schools fall under a mandate to offer curricula that meet the needs of Aboriginal students. This research seeks to explore the cultural significance of Inuvialuktun, a regional Inuit language comprised of three distinct dialects traditionally spoken by the Inuvialuit of the northern Northwest Territories, Canada. More specifically, the research seeks to examine the role of current Inuvialuktun language revitalization efforts in the establishment of Inuvialuit collective and individual identities across several age groups. Tying into the sociolinguistic discourse on ancestral language revitalization in North America, the research seeks to contribute a case study from a region underrepresented in the literature on language and identity. The applied aim of the study is to provide better insight on existing language ideologies and language attitudes subscribed to by current and potential learners of Inuvialuktun in the community of Inuvik, NWT. Data obtained by the study is intended to aid local and territorial language planners in identifying potential obstacles and opportunities regarding language learner motivation. -
Y-Chromosome Analysis Reveals Genetic Divergence and New Founding Native Lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-Speaking Populations
Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations Matthew C. Dulika, Amanda C. Owingsa, Jill B. Gaieskia, Miguel G. Vilara, Alestine Andreb, Crystal Lenniec, Mary Adele Mackenzied, Ingrid Kritschb, Sharon Snowshoeb, Ruth Wrightb, James Martind, Nancy Gibsond, Thomas D. Andrewse, Theodore G. Schurra,1, and The Genographic Consortium2 aDepartment of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398; bGwich’in Social and Cultural Institute, Tsiigehtchic, NT, Canada X0E 0B0; cInuvialuit Regional Corporation, Inuvik, NT, Canada X0E 0T0; dTłįchǫ Community Services Agency, Behchoko, NT, Canada X0E 0Y0; and ePrince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Yellowknife, NT, Canada X1A 2L9 Edited* by Francisco Mauro Salzano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and approved April 10, 2012 (received for review November 21, 2011) For decades, the peopling of the Americas has been explored mtDNA data (5). Even the dental traits used to justify a three- through the analysis of uniparentally inherited genetic systems in migration hypothesis did not group all Na-Dene speakers into Native American populations and the comparison of these genetic a single category separate from the other two (Amerind and data with current linguistic groupings. In northern North America, Eskimo-Aleut) groups and furthermore, suggested the inclusion two language families predominate: Eskimo-Aleut and Na-Dene. of Aleuts with Athapaskan speakers from northwestern America Although the genetic evidence from nuclear and mtDNA loci (3). Thus, although it is generally accepted that the two language suggest that speakers of these language families share a distinct families differ from each other, it is not clear whether they have biological origin, this model has not been examined using data from different genetic origins or instead, are the result of separate paternally inherited Y chromosomes. -
Grants and Contributions
TABLED DOCUMENT 287-18(3) TABLED ON NOVEMBER 1, 2018 Grants and Contributions Results Report 2017 – 2018 Subventions et Contributions Le present document contient la traduction française du résumé et du message du ministre Rapport 2017 – 2018 October 2018 | Octobre 2018 If you would like this information in another official language, call us. English Si vous voulez ces informations dans une autre langue officielle, contactez-nous. French Kīspin ki nitawihtīn ē nīhīyawihk ōma ācimōwin, tipwāsinān. Cree Tłı̨chǫ yatı k’ę̀ę̀. Dı wegodı newǫ dè, gots’o gonede. Tłı̨chǫ Ɂerıhtł’ıś Dëne Sųłıné yatı t’a huts’elkër xa beyáyatı theɂą ɂat’e, nuwe ts’ën yółtı. Chipewyan Edı gondı dehgáh got’ı̨e zhatıé k’ę́ę́ edatł’éh enahddhę nıde naxets’ę́ edahłı.́ South Slavey K’áhshó got’ı̨ne xǝdǝ k’é hederı ɂedı̨htl’é yerınıwę nı ́dé dúle. North Slavey Jii gwandak izhii ginjìk vat’atr’ijąhch’uu zhit yinohthan jì’, diits’àt ginohkhìi. Gwich’in Uvanittuaq ilitchurisukupku Inuvialuktun, ququaqluta. Inuvialuktun ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑎᑎᕐᒃᑲᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᒪᒍᕕᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᓕᕐᒃᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖄᓚᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ. Inuktitut Hapkua titiqqat pijumagupkit Inuinnaqtun, uvaptinnut hivajarlutit. Inuinnaqtun Indigenous Languages Secretariat: 867-767-9346 ext. 71037 Francophone Affairs Secretariat: 867-767-9343 TABLE OF CONTENTS MINISTER’S MESSAGE ............................................................. i MESSAGE DU MINISTRE .......................................................... ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................ 3 RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................. -
Deh Cho First Nations Interim Resource Development Agreement
DEH CHO FIRST NATIONS INTERIM RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DUH GOGHA NDEH TS;EH SAAMBA HOLEH TS'EHK'EH ELEH SEEGOTS'ELEH DEH CHO FIRST NATIONS — GOVERNMENT OF CANADA INTERIM RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT Canada Duh Gogha Ndeh ts;eh Saamba Holeh Ts'ehk'eh Eleh Seegots'eleh Interim Resource Development Agreement Between: THE DEH CHO FIRST NATIONS as represented by the Deh Cho First Nations Grand Chief (Deh Cho First Nations) and THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA as represented by the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (Canada) WHEREAS the Deh Cho First Nations, Canada, and the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT), have agreed to negotiate agreements on land, resources and governance; and WHEREAS the Deh Cho First Nations, Canada, and the GNWT entered into an Interim Measures Agreement on May 23, 2001 in order to advance their negotiations; and WHEREAS the Deh Cho First Nations and the Crown disagree with respect to the interpretation of Treaties 8 & 11, including issues with respect to land ownership; WHEREAS clause 44 of the said Interim Measures Agreement commits Canada and the Deh Cho First Nations to enter negotiations for the purpose of concluding an interim resource development agreement, Now therefore the Parties agree as follows: Objective The objective of this Agreement is to foster resource development in the Deh Cho territory and to accrue benefits to the Deh Cho First Nations from Canada in the interim of a Deh Cho Final Agreement. Definitions In this Agreement, "Agreement" means this Agreement and "the date of this Agreement" means the date on which it is signed. -
People, Place and Season: Reflections on Gwich'in Ordering Of
People, Place and Season: Reflections on Gwich’in Ordering of Access to Resources in an Arctic Landscape by Leslie Main Johnson University of Alberta, Department of Anthropology and Canadian Circumpolar Institute and Daniel Andre, Gwichya Gwich’in Band Presented at IASCP 2000, Bloomington, Indiana It is a tenet of common property theory that local groups of people tend to evolve institutions to allocate common pool resources among community members in ways which are economically and ecologically sustainable. We are interested in the applicability of this type of analysis to subsistence systems of non-agricultural indigenous peoples. This paper is a preliminary examination of informal institutions of the Gwich’in of the Northwest Territories in Canada and how they contribute to ordering access to resources through the seasons by Gwich’in. This analysis is based on conversations by Johnson with Gwich’in and other people who have worked with Gwich’in people, and her fieldwork with Gwich’in from Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic in 1999 and 2000, and the insights and experiences of Andre regarding Gwich’in seasonal use of land and resources. This paper considers the resource use of the people of Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic. It does not deal with the mixed Gwich’in-Inuvialuit-non-Indigenous communities of Aklavik and Inuvik, which are historically more complex. We will consider three principal areas in this analysis: fishing, trapping, and caribou. It must be emphasized that this discussion uses an analytic framework which differs in important ways from the usual perspective of Gwich’in people. The conceptualization of diverse elements of traditional subsistence as “resources”, for example, and the discussion of these as things separate from a seasonal flow of life is not an indigenous perspective. -
“We Have Been Living with the Caribou All Our Lives…”
“We have been living with the caribou all our lives…” A report on information recorded during Prepared by: community meetings for: Janet Winbourne and the Bluenose Caribou Management ‘Taking Care of Caribou - the Cape Bathurst, Plan Working Group for: Advisory Committee for Bluenose-West, and Bluenose-East Barren- Cooperation on Wildlife Ground Caribou Herds Management Plan’ Management October 2014 Suggested citation: Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management. 2014. We have been Living with the Caribou all our Lives: a report on information recorded during community meetings for ‘Taking Care of Caribou – the Cape Bathurst, Bluenose-West, and Bluenose-East Barren-ground Caribou Herds Management Plan’. Yellowknife, NT. Production note: Drafts of this report were prepared by Janet Winbourne (under contract with the ACCWM) and the Bluenose Caribou Management Plan Working Group. For additional copies contact: Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management c/o Wek’ èezhıì Renewable Resources Board 102 A 4504 49th Avenue, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1A7 Tel.: (867) 873-5740 Fax: (867) 873-5743 Email: [email protected] About the ACCWM: The Advisory Committee for Cooperation on Wildlife Management was established to exchange information, help develop cooperation and consensus, and make recommendations regarding wildlife and wildlife habitat issues that cross land claim and treaty boundaries. The committee consists of Chairpersons (or alternate appointees) of the Wildlife Management Advisory Council (NWT), Gwich’in Renewable -
The Cultural Ecology of the Chipewyan / by Donald Stewart Mackay.
ThE CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF TkE CBIPE%YAN UONALD STEhAkT MACKAY b.A., University of british Columbia, 1965 A ThESIS SUBMITTED IN PAhTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE HEObIRCMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the department of Sociology and Anthropology @ EONALD STECART MACKAY, 1978 SIMON F hAShR UNlVERSITY January 1978 All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in, part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name : Donald Stewart Mackay Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Cultural Ecology of the Chipewyan Examining Cormnit tee : Chairman : H. Sharp Senior Supervisor- - N. Dyck C.B. Crampton . Fisher Departme'nt of Biological Sciences / ,y/y 1 :, Date Approved: //!,, 1 U The of -- Cultural Ecology .- --------the Chipewyan ----- .- ---A <*PI-: (sign-ir ~re) - Donald Stewart Mackay --- (na~t) March 14, 1978. (date ) AESTRACT This study is concerned with the persistence of human life on the edge of the Canadian Barren Grounds. The Chipewyan make up the largest distinct linguistic and cultural group and are the most easterly among the Northern Athapaskan Indians, or Dene. Over many centuries, the Chipewyan have maintained a form of social life as an edge-of-the-forest people and people of the Barren Grounds to the west of Hudson Bay. The particular aim of this thesis is to attempt, through a survey of the ecological and historical 1iterature , to elucidate something of the traditional adaptive pattern of the Chipewyan in their explcitation of the subarc tic envirorient . Given the fragmentary nature of much of the historical evidence, our limited understanding of the subarctic environment, and the fact that the Chipewyan oecumene (way of looking at life) is largely denied to the modern observer, we acknowledge that this exercise in ecological and historical reconstruction is governed by serious hazards and limitations. -
"It Was Only a Treaty"
"IT WAS ONLY A TREATY" TREATY 11 ACCORDING TO THE DENE OF THE MACKENZIE VALLEY Revised for The Dene Nation and The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples Rene M.J. Lamothe April, 1996 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "It Was Only A Treaty" provides some basic concepts about Treaty 11 from a Dene perspective. The paper sets out cultural parameters of Dene life by providing information on key social, economic, political and spiritual aspects of Dene life with the intention of providing readers with the historical and legal context in which the Dene live. Through the presentation of the context of Dene life, the paper sets the parameters which limit Dene decision making with regards to the land and relationships with non-Dene. Some of the information may be viewed by academic interests to be outside the scope of what they consider "sound knowledge" about the Dene. The information, however, is provided from within the context of Dene experience, much of which, being of a spiritual nature, is not readily available to the "outside" academic. This information is also intended, in part, to set the stage for the non-Dene to better understand the social, political and economic conditions in play in Dene society in 1921. Understanding the context from which the Dene approached the Crown's Treaty Party is fundamental to understanding the Dene version of Treaty 11. The paper explores government interests in the territory covered by Treaty 11. Although this section is very limited in its' scope and does not provide conclusive evidence about the motives of government, it provides information on land surveys which took place in Dene territory before Treaty was made, as well as bringing to light some of the political and economic pressures which have been at play within the Euro-Canadian/American public since contact. -
Celebrating Yellowknife's Living Heritage
LINE Celebrating Yellowknife’s living heritage Thevishka Kanishkan MLA Candidate, 2019 Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design University of Toronto ABSTRACT Based in the Old Town of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, LINE is a landscape architecture intervention that critiques current heritage place-making and planning methods. It uses the Indigenous worldviews of cyclical time to give rise to a new and unconventional way of interpreting Yellowknife’s heritage as living, and uses storytelling as a qualitative methodology and landscape practice. CONTEXT Traditional Knowledge Mapping Approximately a quarter of the population of Yellowknife identifies as Indigenous, and this proportion can climb to over 50% in some of the smaller communities in the Northwest As such, over the past three decades, The Yellowknives Dene First Nation and the Sahtu Dene First Nation have been conducting what is known as Traditional Knowledge Mapping. Traditional Knowledge is defined by the YKDFN as follows: “ Where the people have been, how they have used their lands, and what changes the people have observed, are remembered by the people. That is the essence of the traditional knowledge of peoples born to their lands. This knowledge is passed from an experienced generation to the next, so that the peoples learn accumulated patterns of change” (Weledeh Yellowknives Dene, 1997). Traditional knowledge maps are physical manifestations of the stories orally passed down from generation to generation, and are representative of memories and knowledge acquired through the direct experience of traveling the land. According to anthropologists Thomas Andrews and Susan Buggey, the key for gaining traditional knowledge is through the direct experience of travel.