The Biographical Memoirs of Saint John Bosco by EUGENIO CERIA, S.D.B. AN AMERICAN EDITION Volume XI 1875 SALESIANA PUBLISHERS, INC. NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK 1964 IMPRIMI POTEST : Very Rev. Augustus Bosio, S.D.B. Provincial NUUL OBSTAT: Donald A. Panella, M.A., S.T.L., S.S.L. Censor Librorum IMPRIMATUR: *Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York September 12, 1964 The nihil obstat and imprimatur are official declarations that a book or pamphlet is free of doctrinal or moral error. No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the nihil obstat and imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions or statements expressed. Copyright 0 1964 by Salesiana Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America FIRST EDITION ;IDetritateb WITH PROFOUND GRATITUDE TO THE LATE, LAMENTED, AND HIGHLY ESTEEMED VERY REVEREND FELIX J. PENNA, S.D.B. (1904-1962) TO WHOSE WISDOM, FORESIGHT, AND NOBLE SALESIAN HEART THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF SAINT JOHN BOSCO IS A LASTING MONUMENT Foreword ITH the Salesian Family I rejoice at the publication of this volume of the Biographical Memoirs and I want to congratulate all those who have labored so hard to make this event possible. It is in the Biographical Memoirs that Don Bosco lives once again. My fondest hope, therefore, is that through these pages describing the intimate and detailed life of Don Bosco day by day, our English-speaking Salesians—Priests, Brothers, Sisters—may come to appreciate ever more deeply Don Bosco's lively faith, firm hope, ardent love of God and souls. With this full understanding and appreciation of Don Bosco's spirit, may they be inspired to "put on Don Bosco" in their Salesian apostolate. We shall eagerly await the appearance of the subsequent volumes, certain that they will maintain the same high standards set by the Editors. May Saint John Bosco bless and follow their labors in the days to come. FR. RENATO ZIGGIOTTI, S.D.B. Superior General v1 Editor's Preface THE English translation of the Biographical Memoirs was undertaken for two reasons: first, to make the primary source of knowledge about Don Bosco available to the Salesian Family in the English-speaking world; second, to offer writers, whether lay or religious, abundant material for research and future works on Don Bosco. Until now the English-speaking world has had little access to such information. Volume XI, the first in Father Ceria's series, has been chosen as the first to be published because it seems important and urgent to us to present at this time Don Bosco in the fulldevelopment and consolidation of his work. Neither Volume XI and those that follow it, nor the volumes by Father John Baptist Lemoyne and Father Angelo Amadei are a historical synthesis or a critical biography of Don Bosco. Such a work has not been written yet. Father Ceria's intent in writing volume XI is best expressed in his own words: "I shall not forget for whom and for what purpose these pages are intended. They are written for the Salesians. .. Most of them will want only to know what our . Founder said and did so that they may assimilate his spirit. Therefore, I have taken pains to relate facts suitably and candidly without worrying about style or any rigorous method, satisfied only with being understood by all and misunderstood by none." (From Preface to Vol. XI) Great pains were taken to make this translation accurate and readable. That was our task. It was not our intent to write a new book based on the Memoirs. That might have been easier, taken less time, cost less and have been more readable, no doubt, but such a work would no longer have been the Memoirs. Much time and care has been expended on this book by many. Our acknowledgments are due in the first place to the Very Rev. August Bosio, S.D.B., Provincial of the Eastern Province, for con-ix X EDITOR'S PREFACE tinning the monumental task undertaken by his predecessor, the late Very Rev. Felix J. Perna, S.D.B. Then we offer grateful thanks to the members of the Editorial Board: Rev. Henry A. Sarnowski, S.D.B., Rev. Paul Aronica, S.D.B., Rev. Joseph S. Bajorek, S.D.B., Rev. Emil Fardellone, S.D.B., Rev. William Kelley, S.D.B., Rev. Peter M. Lappin, S.D.B., Rev. Hugh McGlinchey, S.D.B., Rev. Joseph Perozzi, S.D.B., Rev. Chester A. Wisniewski, S.D.B.; also to Edna B. Phelan, Ph.D., and Urban P. Intondi for their editorial help, and to all others who in various ways have generously given their assistance. We feel honored and happy to present this volume of the first American edition. May it open new vistas on St. John Bosco not only to the worldwide Salesian Family, but also to the thousands of devotees and admirers throughout the English-speaking world. FR. DIEGO BORGATELLO, S.D.B. Editor-in- Chief New Rochelle, N.Y. August 16, 1964 Author's Preface To my Salesian readers: This latest volume of Don Bosco's Biographical Memoirs will surprise my readers for two reasons. First, because it will seem inexplicable to them that Volume xi' should be published before Volume X, and secondly, that this long- awaited book should be so much slimmer than its elder brothers. Let me say first of all that Volume X is on its way and will not be appreciably late in making its appearance; besides, Volume XI stands so well on its own feet that it can be read quite independently of its predecessor. As to its slimness, please note: If I had continued the story beyond 1875, the resulting avalanche of material would have required a volume of unprecedented size. Why sacrifice convenience to mere ponderosity? I have decided, therefore, to write a medium-sized book instead of a bulky volume. Let my readers then patiently suspend judgment until they have read to the end. It would not be fair to do so at the very start. It is only right that after this dutiful little preamble, I should state what criteria have guided me in this exacting task—all the more exacting, I would say, because of the responsibility it carries for both present and future generations. This responsibility weighs more heavily upon me now than it did when our most revered Rector Major, Father Philip Rinaldi, first requested that I undertake this task, for at that time I had only a remote perception of it. In the first place, I have made no attempt to depict Don Bosco's life within the setting of his own times. His times cannot be considered past since events of which he was part are still in progress. For a correct estimate of his work and a comprehensive evaluation of his influence, for a proper perspective of his gigantic figure, we would have to recede to some vantage point far-off into the future. xiI AUTHOR'S PREFACE [To corroborate this point] let me quote the remarks of a distinguished historian. They are apropos a situation similar to our own: "Those historians who judge an era from afar are the ones who bring out its sweeping characteristics. They dwell only on its most dominant features and discard the irrelevant thus presenting, with preciseness and simplicity, a picture that captivates the mind."' In the second place, I shall use a chronological approach in the manner of Father Lemoyne, who not haphazardly entitled his work Biographical Memoirs, as if to inform us that his narrative presented the events of Don Bosco's life step-by-step, not only from year to year, but almost from day to day. He did not intend to write a concise historical synthesis. I shall differ from him in only one particular: instead of sectioning episodes, in order to give each event a proper chronological sequence, almost as if I stood there with clock in hand and thus make each chapter a conglomeration of artificially related details, I shall allow myself greater latitude, so that each chapter may have its own unity and its own individual title. In other words, I will take a well-defined period of time—a year or possibly more, whatever is most appropriate—and within that period I will develop the narrative either covering a series of events to the end, or presenting a partially completed phase of it. This does not mean that just because this volume, for instance, covers the year 1875 I must break off my narrative at January 1, 1876, even when its epilogue or conclusion stretches beyond that date. Such brutal editing non hornines, non di, non concessere colurnnae" [neither gods, nor men, nor booksellers have ever tolerated—Horace, Epist. ii, 3, 373]. And so common sense has sometimes counselled me to stretch the chronological point a little. In the third place, I have made it a rule to quote Don Bosco's words verbatim, reporting them in a suitable manner and in the form in which they were passed on to us. The Rector:Major was sure he was making the Salesian provinces a handsome gift when he presented each with a small portion of Don Bosco's brain, well-sealed in a transparent tube. Likewise, his words, oral and written, Boissier, Mme de Sevigne, p. 155. Paris, Hachette, 1896. AUTHOR'S PREFACE are the receptacles of the thoughts and ideas produced by that same brain. It would indeed be hard to say which of these two kinds of relics is of greater value.