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Shrubs, Trees and Contingent Evolution of Wood Anatomical Diversity Using Croton (Euphorbiaceae) As a Model System
Annals of Botany 119: 563–579, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw243, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Force of habit: shrubs, trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using Croton (Euphorbiaceae) as a model system Rafael Are´valo1,2,*, Benjamin W. van Ee3, Ricarda Riina4, Paul E. Berry5 and Alex C. Wiedenhoeft1,2 1Center for Wood Anatomy Research, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA, 2Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, 3University of Puerto Rico at Mayagu¨ez Herbarium, Department of Biology, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Call Box 9000, Mayagu¨ez, 00680, Puerto Rico, 4Real Jardın Botanico, RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain and 5University of Michigan, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department and Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 7 July 2016 Returned for revision: 3 September 2016 Accepted: 5 October 2016 Published electronically: 8 January 2017 Background and Aims Wood is a major innovation of land plants, and is usually a central component of the body plan for two major plant habits: shrubs and trees. Wood anatomical syndromes vary between shrubs and trees, but no prior work has explicitly evaluated the contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity in the context of these plant habits. Methods Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test for contingent evolution of habit, habitat and wood anatomy in the mega-diverse genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae), across the largest and most complete molecular phy- logeny of the genus to date. Key Results Plant habit and habitat are highly correlated, but most wood anatomical features correlate more strongly with habit. -
Chemical Constituents from Flueggea Virosa and the Structural Revision of Dehydrochebulic Acid Trimethyl Ester
molecules Article Chemical Constituents from Flueggea virosa and the Structural Revision of Dehydrochebulic Acid Trimethyl Ester Chih-Hua Chao 1,2,*, Ying-Ju Lin 3,4, Ju-Chien Cheng 5, Hui-Chi Huang 6, Yung-Ju Yeh 5, Tian-Shung Wu 7,8, Syh-Yuan Hwang 9 and Yang-Chang Wu 1,2,10,11,* 1 School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan 2 Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan 3 School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan 5 Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; [email protected] (J.-C.C.); [email protected] (Y.-J.Y.) 6 Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; [email protected] 7 Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; [email protected] 8 Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan 9 Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Nantou 55244, Taiwan; [email protected] 10 Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan 11 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5157) (C.-H.C.) Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 9 August 2016; Accepted: 12 September 2016; Published: 16 September 2016 Abstract: In an attempt to study the chemical constituents from the twigs and leaves of Flueggea virosa, a new terpenoid, 9(10!20)-abeo-ent-podocarpane, 3β,10α-dihydroxy-12-methoxy-13- methyl-9(10!20)-abeo-ent-podocarpa-6,8,11,13-tetraene (1), as well as five known compounds were characterized. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Survey of Euphorbiaceae Family in Kopergaon Tehsil Of
International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJHSS) ISSN (P): 2319–393X; ISSN (E): 2319–3948 Vol. 9, Issue 3, Apr–May 2020; 47–58 © IASET SURVEY OF EUPHORBIACEAE FAMILY IN KOPERGAONTEHSIL OF MAHARASHTRA Rahul Chine 1 & MukulBarwant 2 1Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Shri Sadguru Gangagir Maharaj Science College, Maharashtra, India 2Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Sanjivani Arts Commerce and Science College, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT The survey of Family Euphorbiaceae from Kopargoantehshil is done. In this we first collection of different member of Family Euphorbiaceae from different region of Kopargoantehasil. An extensive and intensive survey at plants was carried out from village Pathare, Derde, Pohegoan, Kopergaon, Padhegaon, Apegoan during the were collected in flowering and fruiting period throughout the year done. During survey we determine 16 member of Euphorbiceae from Kopargoantehshil Then we decide characterization on the basis of habit, flowering character, leaf and fruit character with help of that character and using different literature we identified each and every member of Euphorbiaceae Species were identified with relevant information and documented in this paper with regard to their Botanical Name, family, Habitat, flowering Fruiting session and their medicinal value of some member of Euphorbiaceae that used in medicine respiratory disorder such as cough, asthama, bronchitis etc and some are toxic in nature due to their toxic latex that is showing itching reaction. KEYWORDS : Family Euphorbiaceae, Respiratory Ailment, Identification, Chracterization and Documentation Article History Received: 09 Apr 2020 | Revised: 10 Apr 2020 | Accepted: 18 Apr 2020 INTRODUCTION The Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is one of the complex large family of flowering plants of angiosperm with 334 genera and 8000 species in the worlds (Wurdack 2004). -
Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163. -
Ethnobotanical Observations of Euphorbiaceae Species from Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra, India
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 674-80, 2010. Ethnobotanical Observations of Euphorbiaceae Species from Vidarbha region, Maharashtra, India G. Phani Kumar* and Alka Chaturvedi# Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), Leh-Ladakh, India #PGTD Botany, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India *corresponding author: [email protected] Issued: 01 June, 2010 Abstract An attempt has been made to explore traditional medicinal knowledge of plant materials belonging to various genera of the Euphorbiaceae, readily available in Vidharbha region of Maharasthtra state. Ethnobotanical information were gathered through several visits, group discussions and cross checked with local medicine men. The study identified 7 species to cure skin diseases (such as itches, scabies); 5 species for antiseptic (including antibacterial); 4 species for diarrhoea; 3 species for dysentery, urinary infections, snake-bite and inflammations; 2 species for bone fracture/ dislocation, hair related problems, warts, fish poisons, night blindness, wounds/cuts/ burns, rheumatism, diabetes, jaundice, vomiting and insecticide; 1 species as laxative , viral fever and arthritis. The results are encouraging but thorough scientific scrutiny is absolutely necessary before being put into practice. Key words: Ethnopharmacology; Vidarbha region; Euphorbiaceae; ethnobotanical information. Introduction The medicinal properties of a plant are due to the presence of certain chemical constituents. These chemical constituents, responsible for the specific physiological action, in the plant, have in many cases been isolated, purified and identified as definite chemical compounds. Quite a large number of plants are known to be of medicinal use remain uninvestigated and this is particularly the case with the Indian flora. The use of plants in curing and healing is as old as man himself (Hedberg, 1987). -
Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service
Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States Department of Agriculture United States Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Daniel G. Milchunas General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-169 April 2006 Milchunas, Daniel G. 2006. Responses of plant communities to grazing in the southwestern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-169. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 126 p. Abstract Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depend- ing on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant commu- nities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species composition, aboveground primary productiv- ity, and root and soil attributes. Livestock grazing management and grazing systems are assessed, as are effects of small and large native mammals and feral species, when data are available. Emphasis is placed on the evolutionary history of grazing and productivity of the particular communities as deter- minants of response. After reviewing available studies for each community type, we compare changes in species composition with grazing among community types. Comparisons are also made between southwestern communities with a relatively short history of grazing and communities of the adjacent Great Plains with a long evolutionary history of grazing. Evidence for grazing as a factor in shifts from grasslands to shrublands is considered. An appendix outlines a new community classification system, which is followed in describing grazing impacts in prior sections. -
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice
Steele/Burnand Anza-Borrego Desert Research Center University of California, Irvine UCI – NATURE and UC Natural Reserve System California State Parks – Colorado Desert District Anza-Borrego Desert State Park & Anza-Borrego Foundation Anza-Borrego Desert State Park Bibliography Compiled and Edited by Jim Dice (revised 1/31/2019) A gaggle of geneticists in Borrego Palm Canyon – 1975. (L-R, Dr. Theodosius Dobzhansky, Dr. Steve Bryant, Dr. Richard Lewontin, Dr. Steve Jones, Dr. TimEDITOR’S Prout. Photo NOTE by Dr. John Moore, courtesy of Steve Jones) Editor’s Note The publications cited in this volume specifically mention and/or discuss Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, locations and/or features known to occur within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, biological, geological, paleontological or anthropological specimens collected from localities within the present-day boundaries of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, or events that have occurred within those same boundaries. This compendium is not now, nor will it ever be complete (barring, of course, the end of the Earth or the Park). Many, many people have helped to corral the references contained herein (see below). Any errors of omission and comission are the fault of the editor – who would be grateful to have such errors and omissions pointed out! [[email protected]] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As mentioned above, many many people have contributed to building this database of knowledge about Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. A quantum leap was taken somewhere in 2016-17 when Kevin Browne introduced me to Google Scholar – and we were off to the races. Elaine Tulving deserves a special mention for her assistance in dealing with formatting issues, keeping printers working, filing hard copies, ignoring occasional foul language – occasionally falling prey to it herself, and occasionally livening things up with an exclamation of “oh come on now, you just made that word up!” Bob Theriault assisted in many ways and now has a lifetime job, if he wants it, entering these references into Zotero. -
Ceanothus Crassifolius Torrey NRCS CODE: Family: Rhamnaceae (CECR) Order: Rhamnales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida
I. SPECIES Ceanothus crassifolius Torrey NRCS CODE: Family: Rhamnaceae (CECR) Order: Rhamnales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida Lower right: Ripening fruits, two already dehisced. Lower center: Longitudinal channeling in stems of old specimen, typical of obligate seeding Ceanothus (>25 yr since last fire). Note dark hypanthium in center of white flowers. Photos by A. Montalvo. A. Subspecific taxa 1. C. crassifolius Torr. var. crassifolius 2. C. crassifolius Torr. var. planus Abrams (there is no NRCS code for this taxon) B. Synonyms 1. C. verrucosus Nuttal var. crassifolius K. Brandegee (Munz & Keck 1968; Burge et al. 2013) 2. C. crassifolius (in part, USDA PLANTS 2019) C. Common name 1. hoaryleaf ceanothus, sometimes called thickleaf ceanothus or thickleaf wild lilac (Painter 2016) 2. same as above; flat-leaf hoary ceanothus and flat-leaf snowball ceanothus are applied to other taxa (Painter 2016) D. Taxonomic relationships Ceanothus is a diverse genus with over 50 taxa that cluster in to two subgenera. C. crassifolius has long been recognized as part of the Cerastes group of Ceanothus based on morphology, life-history, and crossing studies (McMinn 1939a, Nobs 1963). In phylogenetic analyses based on RNA and chloroplast DNA, Hardig et al. (2000) found C. crassifolius clustered into the Cerastes group and in each analysis shared a clade with C. ophiochilus. In molecular and morphological analyses, Burge et al. (2011) also found C. crassifolius clustered into Cerastes. Cerastes included over 20 taxa and numerous subtaxa in both studies. Eight Cerastes taxa occur in southern California (see I. E. Related taxa in region). E. Related taxa in region In southern California, the related Cerastes taxa include: C. -
Vitales, C Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales
Amborellales Vitales, C Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Acorales G Eenzaadlobbigen G Alismatales Vitales Petrosaviales Pandanales De Wijnstokfamilie (Vitaceae), d Dioscoreales vroeger samen met de Wegedoo Liliales geplaatst, omdat in beide famil Asparagales kroonbladen staan. Dat de Vital Arecales maar niet precies waar. Hiervoo G Commeliniden G Dasypogonales Poales Commelinales Crossosomatales Zingiberales Deze nieuwe orde in de Rosiden ordes en wordt ondersteund do Ceratophyllales kenmerken, zoals de structuur v Chloranthales afkomstig uit de Violales, Celast Het zijn 5 kleine families uit wa Canellales Piperales Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae G Magnoliiden G Magnoliales Stachyuraceae, en 2 iets grotere Laurales (Staphyleacea) en de Crossosom Ranunculales Sabiales Proteales Vitaceae Trochodendrales Buxales Aphloiacea Geissoloma Gunnerales Ixerbaceae Berberidopsidales Strasburge Dilleniales Staphyleac Caryophyllales Stachyurac Santalales Crossosom Saxifragales Melianthac G Geavanceerde tweezaadlobbigen G Vitales Francoacea Crossosomatales Ledocarpa Geraniales Vivianiacea Myrtales Geraniacea Zygophyllales Combretac Celastrales Lythraceae Malpighiales Onagracea G Fabiden G Oxalidales Vochysiace Fabales Myrtaceae G Rosiden G Rosales Crypteroni Cucurbitales Alzateacea Fagales Rhynchoca Oliniaceae Brassicales Penaeacea G G Malviden Malvales Melastoma Sapindales Cornales kenmerken. Uit de Polygalales z Ericales G Asteriden G erbij gevoegd, een kleine famili Garryales Afrika en Amerika. G Lamiiden G Gentianales De bladeren zijn meestal tegeno Solanales -
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 203 / Friday, October 18, 1996 / Rules and Regulations
54346 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 203 / Friday, October 18, 1996 / Rules and Regulations [FR Doc. 96±26901 Filed 10±17±96; 8:45 am] List of Subjects in 48 CFR Part 219 status for Senecio layneae (Layne's BILLING CODE 6712±01±P Government procurement. butterweed). These species all occur on gabbroic or serpentine-derived soils in Michele P. Peterson, the central Sierran foothills of California Executive Editor, Defense Acquisition DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE within chaparral or oak woodland Regulations Council. communities. Urbanization and the 48 CFR Part 219 and Appendix I to Therefore, 48 CFR Part 219 and ensuing habitat fragmentation, road Chapter 2 Appendix I to Chapter 2 are amended as construction and maintenance, follows: herbicide spraying, change in fire [DFARS Case 96±D317] frequency, off-road vehicle use, PART 219Ð[AMENDED] Defense Federal Acquisition unauthorized dumping, horse Regulation Supplement; Pilot Mentor- 1. The authority citation for 48 CFR overgrazing, competition from invasive ProteÂge Program Part 219 continues to read as follows: alien vegetation, and mining imperil these five species. This rule implements AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). Authority: 41 U.S.C. 421 and 48 CFR Federal protection and recovery Chapter 1. ACTION: Final rule. provisions afforded by the Act for these 219.7104 [Amended] five plants. SUMMARY: The Director of Defense 2. Section 219.7104 is amended in the EFFECTIVE DATE: November 18, 1996. Procurement is amending the Defense last sentence of paragraph (b) by ADDRESSES: The complete file for this Federal Acquisition Regulation revising the date ``October 1, 1996'' to rule is available for public inspection, Supplement (DFARS) to extend the read ``October 1, 1999''. -
SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS in the 1830S
SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS IN THE 1830s The Collections of Thomas Coulter, Thomas Nuttall, and H.M.S. Sulphur with George Barclay and Richard Hinds James Lightner San Diego Flora San Diego, California 2013 SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS IN THE 1830s Preface The Collections of Thomas Coulter, Thomas Nuttall, and Our knowledge of the natural environment of the San Diego region H.M.S. Sulphur with George Barclay and Richard Hinds in the first half of the 19th century is understandably vague. Referenc- es in historical sources are limited and anecdotal. As prosperity peaked Copyright © 2013 James Lightner around 1830, probably no more than 200 inhabitants in the region could read and write. At most one or two were trained in natural sciences or All rights reserved medicine. The best insights we have into the landscape come from nar- No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form ratives of travelers and the periodic reports of the missions’ lands. They without permission in writing from the publisher. provide some idea of the extent of agriculture and the general vegeta- tion covering surrounding land. ISBN: 978-0-9749981-4-5 The stories of the visits of United Kingdom naturalists who came in Library of Congress Control Number: 2013907489 the 1830s illuminate the subject. They were educated men who came to the territory intentionally to examine the flora. They took notes and col- Cover photograph: lected specimens as botanists do today. Reviewing their contributions Matilija Poppy (Romneya trichocalyx), Barrett Lake, San Diego County now, we can imagine what they saw as they discovered plants we know.