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The Effect of Tyre Inflation Pressure on Fuel Consumption and Vehicle Handling Performance a Case of ANBESSA CITY BUS

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The Effect of Tyre Inflation Pressure on Fuel Consumption and Vehicle Handling Performance a Case of ANBESSA CITY BUS ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING The Effect of Tyre Inflation Pressure on Fuel Consumption and vehicle Handling Performance a case of ANBESSA CITY BUS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Automotive Engineering By NIGATU BELAYNEH USAMO ADVISOR: - N. RAMESH BABU (Associate Professor) MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING PROGRAM June-2017 Adama-Ethiopia I CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the thesis titled ―The Effect of Tyre Inflation Pressure on Fuel Consumption and vehicle Handling Performance a case of ANBESSA CITY BUS‖ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Automotive Engineering is an authentic record of my own work carried out from October 2016 to up June 2017, under the supervision of N. RAMESH BABU Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia. The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma. All relevant resources of information used in this thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name Signature Date Nigatu Belayneh ………………… …………… Student This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval. Name Signature Date N. Ramesh Babu ______________ ________________ Advisor II ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND VEHICLE ENGINEERING PROGRAM The Effect of Tyre Inflation Pressure on Fuel Consumption and vehicle Handling Performance a case of ANBESSA CITY BUS By Nigatu Belayneh Approved by board of Examiners ________________________________________ _______________ _____________ Chairman, Department graduate committee signature Date ________________________________________ _______________ _____________ Advisor signature Date ________________________________________ ______________ _____________ Internal Examiner signature Date ________________________________________ ______________ _____________ External Examiner signature Date III Dedication To my Family IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. I LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... II LIST OF GRAPHS ..................................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... VI ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. VIII CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Introduction about Tyre Inflation ................................................................................. 9 1.2. Background ................................................................................................................. 10 1.3. Problem Statement ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4. Research Objective ..................................................................................................... 12 1.4.1. General objective ................................................................................................................ 12 1.4.2. Specific objectives .............................................................................................................. 12 1.5. Significance of Research ............................................................................................ 12 1.6. Scope of Research ...................................................................................................... 13 1.7. Limitation ................................................................................................................... 14 1.8. Anbessa city bus association ...................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................................... 15 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.1. Introduction to Tyre .................................................................................................... 15 2.1.1. The contribution of tyre on the vehicle's ............................................................................. 15 2.1.2. Tyre parts and contraction ................................................................................................... 17 2.2. Effects of Tyre Pressure on Vehicle Performance ...................................................... 18 2.3. Influence of the tyre rolling resistance to fuel consumption ...................................... 19 2.3.1. Rolling Resistance (RR) ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2. Impact of tire rolling resistance on vehicle fuel efficiency ................................................. 20 2.3.3. Simple analysis of the effect of rolling resistance on fuel consumption ............................. 20 2.3.4. Rolling resistance coefficient on tyre .................................................................................. 21 2.3.5. Inflation Pressure and Load on the Rolling Friction Coefficient ........................................ 22 2.4. Influence of temperature ............................................................................................. 23 V 2.5. Tread Wear ................................................................................................................. 24 2.6. Influence of load ......................................................................................................... 24 2.6.1. Tyre load carrying capacity at pressure (P) ......................................................................... 24 2.6.2. Tyre load/deflection and stiffness ....................................................................................... 26 2.7. Contact Patch (Footprint) Phenomena ........................................................................ 27 2.8. Influence of tyre pressure ........................................................................................... 29 2.9. Factors Affecting the handling Performance of a Vehicle ......................................... 30 2.9.1. Influence of tyre pressure on vehicle handling performance .............................................. 30 2.9.2. Tyre forces and moments .................................................................................................... 31 2.9.3. Lateral force ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.10. Aerodynamic analysis of a rotating wheel of a vehicle .............................................. 35 2.10.1. Aerodynamic drag of the rotating tyre ................................................................................ 36 2.10.2. Aerodynamic performance analysis of rotating tyre ........................................................... 36 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................. 38 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1. Geometry .................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1. Model Descriptions and Assumptions ................................................................................ 40 3.2. Operating range .......................................................................................................... 41 3.3. Measurement of tyre pressure and fuel consumption on Addis Abeba city bus ........ 44 3.4. Tyre rolling resistance coefficient on each tyre model ............................................... 47 3.5. Procedure: For CFD phoenics VR simulation ............................................................ 48 3.5.1. Aerodynamic drag coefficient and lift force analysis of each tyre model by CFD phoenics VR simulation for each model of tyre pressure .................................................................................. 50 3.6. The Tyres contribution to fuel consumption .............................................................. 52 3.7. Vehicle handling performance ...................................................................................
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