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USS Constitution Vs. HMS Guerriere
ANTICIPATION 97 Anticipation What do sailors feel as they wait for battle to begin? Fear – Sailors worry that they or their friends might not survive the battle. What frightens you? Excitement – The adrenaline pumps as the moment the sailors have been training for arrives. How do you feel when something you’ve waited for is about to happen? Anxiety – Sailors are nervous because no one knows the outcome of the battle. What makes you anxious? Illustration from the sketchbook of Lewis Ashfield Kimberly, 1857-1860 Kimberly was Lieutenant on board USS Germantown in the 1850s Collection of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston 98 Gun Crew’s Bible As sailors waited for battle to begin, they were alone with their thoughts. They had time to dwell on the fear that they might never see their families again. Some gun crews strapped a Bible like this one to their cannon’s carriage for extra protection. Bible issued by the Bible Society of Nassau Hall, Princeton, New Jersey Bible was strapped to the carriage of a gun nicknamed “Montgomery” on board USS President, 1813 Collection of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston 99 ENGAGEMENT 100 What are the characteristics of a brave sailor? Courage – Sailors push fear aside to do their job. What have you done that took courage? Responsibility – Each sailor has to do his duty to his country, ship, and shipmates. What are your responsibilities to your community, school, or family? Team Player – Working together is critical to succeed in battle. How do you work or play as part of a team? 101 Engagement USS Constitution vs. -
Black Sailors During the War of 1812 Lauren Mccormack, 2005 Revised by Kate Monea and Carl Herzog, 2020
Black Sailors During the War of 1812 Lauren McCormack, 2005 Revised by Kate Monea and Carl Herzog, 2020 A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2020 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Black Sailors During the War of 1812 Lauren McCormack, 2005 Revised by Kate Monea and Carl Herzog, 2020 CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................1 Free Blacks in the Post-Revolutionary American North ........................2 Free Blacks in Boston, Massachusetts ........................................5 Black Participation in the Maritime Trade ....................................7 Life at Sea for Black Sailors in the early United States Navy ....................10 Black Sailors on USS Constitution ..........................................17 A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2020 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Introduction At the beginning of the nineteenth century, free black men from the northeastern United States, struggling to make their way in a highly discriminatory American society, went to sea in the merchant marine and the U.S. Navy, including aboard USS Constitution. By no means did shipboard life completely extract them from the prejudices of a white-dominated culture, but it often provided them with better opportunities than they had on land. Like their fellow white sailors, black seamen in the Early Republic could count on stable pay with the benefit of room and board. For many, sea service and its pay provided a path to a better life ashore. Because race was not specifically noted in U.S. Navy personnel records at the time, much remains unknown about these men. However, a survey of the status of life for free blacks on shore sheds light on why some may have found seafaring an attractive opportunity. -
Ships Built by the Charlestown Navy Yard
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Boston National Historical Park Charlestown Navy Yard Ships Built By The Charlestown Navy Yard Prepared by Stephen P. Carlson Division of Cultural Resources Boston National Historical Park 2005 Author’s Note This booklet is a reproduction of an appendix to a historic resource study of the Charlestown Navy Yard, which in turn was a revision of a 1995 supplement to Boston National Historical Park’s information bulletin, The Broadside. That supplement was a condensation of a larger study of the same title prepared by the author in 1992. The information has been derived not only from standard published sources such as the Naval Historical Center’s multi-volume Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships but also from the Records of the Boston Naval Shipyard and the Charlestown Navy Yard Photograph Collection in the archives of Boston National Historical Park. All of the photographs in this publication are official U.S. Navy photographs from the collections of Boston National Historical Park or the Naval Historical Center. Front Cover: One of the most famous ships built by the Charlestown Navy Yard, the screw sloop USS Hartford (IX-13) is seen under full sail in Long Island Sound on August 10, 1905. Because of her role in the Civil War as Adm. David Glasgow Farragut’s flagship, she was routinely exempted from Congressional bans on repairing wooden warships, although she finally succumbed to inattention when she sank at her berth on November 20, 1956, two years short of her 100th birthday. BOSTS-11370 Appendix B Ships Built By The Navy Yard HIS APPENDIX is a revised and updated version of “Ships although many LSTs and some other ships were sold for conver- Built by the Charlestown Navy Yard, 1814-1957,” which sion to commercial service. -
March 2018 New Acquisitions
March 2018 New Acquisitions Marvelous Lithographs of San Francisco in a Mammoth Volume 1. Baird, Joseph Armstrong, Jr., and Edwin Clyde Evans: HISTORIC LITHOGRAPHS OF SAN FRANCISCO. San Francisco: Published by Steven A. Waterson for Burger & Evans, 1972. [1],40pp. (printed on rectos only). Forty-seven lithographs (one folding, twenty-nine colored or tinted). Oblong double elephant folio, 23½ x 35 inches. Original blue cloth. Cloth lightly soiled and stained, front free endpaper and frontispiece with a vertical crease (as is often the case). Titlepage a bit soiled, rear fly leaves with a small stain in the edge. Very good. A marvelous survey of historic lithographs of San Francisco, reproducing views produced from the mid- nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Included are forty-seven views of San Francisco - more than half of which are colored or tinted, documenting the growth and development of the City in beautiful contemporary lithographs and birds-eye views. A preliminary essay gives a history of the development of such images, followed by a descriptive list of 231 views of San Francisco, with dimensions, descriptions, and locations of holdings, both institutional and private, making it a valuable reference source as well. The printed limitation statement for this book notes that it was published in an edition of 1000 copies, which is an absurd assertion considering the size and costliness of the production. This copy, which came from the inventory of publisher William Burger, is noted in a manuscript note on the front free endpaper as number 7 of 300. However, later statements from Burger indicate than no more than a total of 150 copies were ever produced. -
Outfitting USS Constitution During the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle
Outfitting USS Constitution during the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2019 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Outfitting USS Constitution during the War of 1812 Matthew Brenckle CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................1 Ship Fittings and Timber for the Hull and Deck ...............................2 Rigging, Sails, Masts, Spars, and Yards .......................................4 Paint ....................................................................6 Armaments: Long Guns, Carronades, Howitzers, and Small Arms ...............8 Boats ...................................................................14 Navigational Instruments and Charts .......................................16 Cabin and Berth Deck Fittings and Furnishings ..............................19 Fuel and Lighting ........................................................22 Galley ..................................................................25 Citing this publication ....................................................26 A publication of the USS Constitution Museum, Boston © 2019 USS Constitution Museum | usscm.org Introduction A working warship required not only large numbers of men to run efficiently and effectively, but also mountains ofstuff. The men who served the guns had to be fed and clothed, certainly, but the guns themselves required hundreds of items to keep them in good repair and functioning properly. Ravaged regularly by the sea, the very fabric of a wooden vessel -
Constitution 1
UNITED STATES SHIP CONSTITUTION 1 - Aft by EMign John looch, USN. ,"-, -.-.~..":--~~~~ .......- - _. ~ Welcome aboard USS CONSTITUTION. the oldest fully com- missioned warship in.the world and still a part of the U.S. Navy. She is tangible evidence of America's proud naval heritage and maritime traditions. In 1794. when CONSTITUTION and five other frigates were authorized. the new United States of America had been without a Navy for nine years. During those years. the young nation'seconomy depended upon. and was nurtured by. seaborne commerce with peoples around the world. Those of our merchants who traded in the Mediterranean found it increasingly more difficult to conduct busi- ness because of the attacks of the Barbary (North African) pirates. who knew there was no U.S. Navy to stop them. Finally, on March 27. 1794. Congress passed a bill to establish the U:S. Navy that we know today. CONSTITUTION. laid down that same year, was designed by Joshua Humphreys and Josiah Fox to be powerful enough to defeat any enemy about the same size and fast enough to outsail a stronger opponent. Built by Colonel George Claghorn at Edmond Ham's shipyard in Boston, the live oak. red cedar. white oak. pitch pine and locust, of which she was constructed. came from states ranging from Maine to South Carolina and Georgi •.. The live oak. which grows only along our southeastern coast. came from the sea islands off Georgia. Her masts came from Unity. Maine and South Carolina furnished the pinefor her decks. Some of the canvas came from Rhode Island and New Jersey provided the keel and cannon balls. -
At Water's Edge: Britain, Napoleon, and the World, 1793-1815
AT WATER’S EDGE: BRITAIN, NAPOLEON, AND THE WORLD, 1793-1815 ______________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ______________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ______________________________________________________________________________ by Christopher T. Golding May 2017 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin, Advisory Chair, Department of History Dr. Travis Glasson, Department of History Dr. Rita Krueger, Department of History Dr. Jeremy Black, External Member, University of Exeter (UK) © Copyright 2017 by Christopher T. Golding All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the influence of late eighteenth-century British imperial and global paradigms of thought on the formation of British policy and strategy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It argues that British imperial interests exerted a consistent influence on British strategic decision making through the personal advocacy of political leaders, institutional memory within the British government, and in the form of a traditional strain of a widely-embraced British imperial-maritime ideology that became more vehement as the conflict progressed. The work can be broken into two basic sections. The first section focuses on the formation of strategy within the British government of William Pitt the Younger during the French Revolutionary Wars from the declaration of war in February 1793 until early 1801. During this phase of the Anglo-French conflict, British ministers struggled to come to terms with the nature of the threat posed by revolutionary ideology in France, and lacked strategic consistency due to acute cabinet-level debates over continental versus imperial strategies. The latter half of the work assesses Britain’s response to the challenges presented by Napoleonic France. -
FSU ETD Template
Florida State University Libraries 2015 Cut from Different Cloth: The USS Constitution and the American Frigate Fleet Richard Brownlow Byington Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES CUT FROM DIFFERENT CLOTH: THE USS CONSTITUTION AND THE AMERICAN FRIGATE FLEET By RICHARD BROWNLOW BYINGTON A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Richard Byington defended this dissertation on October 9, 2015. The members of the supervisory committee were: Rafe Blaufarb Professor Directing Dissertation Candace Ward University Representative Jonathan Grant Committee Member Maxine Jones Committee Member Nathan Stoltzfus Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii In Loving Memory of Clarice Rippl (1915-2012) iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals that in one way or another contributed in the preparation and completion of this study. First and foremost I would like to offer my most sincere gratitude to my major professor, Dr. Rafe Blaufarb. Most assuredly, Dr. Blaufarb will never fully comprehend the impact he had on me throughout my academic career. Accepting me into the graduate program at Florida State University opened doors that I presumed would remain closed forever. I would also like to thank my PhD committee members, Drs. Jonathan Grant, Maxine Jones, Nathan Stoltzfus, and Candace Ward for taking the time to read the first draft of my dissertation and give valuable insight into raising the level of my writing. -
The Armament of USS Constitution, 20Th Century
The Armament of USS Constitution, 18th - 20th Century Background history of USS Constitution’s guns; 18th and 19th Centuries: The earliest armament aboard USS Constitution, after her successful launch October 21, 1797, consisted of thirty 24-pound guns from Furnace Hope in Rhode Island, sixteen borrowed 18-pound guns, and fourteen 12-pound guns. Midshipman John Roche, Jr., on Constitution’s first cruise, wrote to his father on June 19, 1798, “…A lighter has gone down to the castle [Fort Independence on Castle Island, Boston Harbor] this morning to get our upper guns…”1 The Fort Independence guns may have either been French, as is stated in the records of the Newport Historical Society, or English, with the cipher “GR” for George Rex II or III, left behind at the Fort when the British evacuated Boston on March 17, 1775. By 1808, Constitution had a new set of guns on board (see illustrations below, courtesy of the National Archives). Her complement consisted of twenty 32-pound carronades, made by Henry Foxall, and thirty 24-pound long guns, cast at the Cecil Iron Works in Maryland. The long guns were fitted with cannon (flint) locks. Plan of model 1807 24-pound cast at the Cecil Iron Works, Maryland; weight is marked at 5554 lbs & the trunnion is marked as being 6 inches in diameter. For the plan, the breech ring has been rotated 90 degrees for viewing; it would have been in line with the touch hole. Courtesy, National Archives & Records Administration/Tyrone G. Martin research. Plan of model 1808 32-pound carronade by Henry Foxhall. -
The Naval War of 1812: a Documentary History
The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History Volume I 1812 Part 1 of 7 Naval Historical Center Department of the Navy Washington, 1985 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2011 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. THE NAVAL WAR OF 1812 d~ ~ Volume I 1812 WILLIAM S. DUDLEY Editor MICHAEL J. CRAWFORD Associate Editor With a Foreword by REAR ADMIRAL JOHN D. H. KANE. JR .. USN (RET.) Director of the Naval Historical Cemer NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON: 1985 CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS DEDICATION This book is the first of a three-volume series of naval documents from the War of 1812. The purpose of this series is to publish rare, inaccessible and deteriorating documents for the enlightme nt oCall who wish to study the origins of American sea power. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY'S ADVISORY The importance of the War of 1812 extends to our time. The image of a COMMITTEE ON NAVAL HIST ORY dimi nutive United States Navy confronting the British maritime giant is one that has passed from generation to generation. The fact is that the Arthur D. Baker, III Richard Leopold British Navy, while very large, had world-wide responsibilities. During the J ames A. Field Augustus P. Loring firs t year of the war, which this volume presents, the number and size of British warships on the North American Station did not overpower vastly Joy Bright Hancock Jon E. Mandaville the force available to the U. -
VOL. 66 Manning the Royal Navy in Bristol: Liberty, Impressment and the State, 1739–1815
BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY’S PUBLICATIONS General Editors: MADGE DRESSER ROGER LEECH JONATHAN BARRY VOL. 66 MANNING THE royal navy IN bristol: liberty, IMPRESSMENT AND THE state, 1739–1815 00a-RoyalNavy(prelims)-i-x.indd 1 07/10/2013 09:51 00a-RoyalNavy(prelims)-i-x.indd 2 07/10/2013 09:51 MANNING THE royal navy IN bristol: liberty, IMPRESSMENT AND THE state, 1739–1815 EDITED BY NICHOLAS ROGERS Published by BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 2014 00a-RoyalNavy(prelims)-i-x.indd 3 07/10/2013 09:51 ISBN 978 0 901538 35 2 © Nicholas Rogers 2013 No part of this volume may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any other information storage or retrieval system, without permission. BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY President: The Lord Mayor of Bristol General Editors: Madge Dresser, BA, MSc, DPhil, FRHistS Roger Leech, MA, PhD, FSA, MIFA Jonathan Barry, MA, DPhil, FRHistS Secretary: Jonathan Harlow Treasurer: Jonathan Harlow The Society exists to encourage the preservation, study and publication of documents relating to the history of Bristol, and since its foundation in 1929 has published sixty-five major volumes of historic documents concerning the city. All the volumes are edited and introduced by scholars who are experts in their fields. Recent volumes have included: William Worcestre: The Topography of Medieval Bristol (Vol. 51); The Diary of Sarah Fox (Vol. 55); The Pre-Reformation Records of All Saints’ Church, Bristol (Vols 46, 53 and 56); Bristol Probate Inventories (Vols 54, 57 and 60); Robert Sturmy’s Commercial Expedition to the Mediterranean 1457–8 (Vol. -
Virginia Antebellum (1800 to 1860)
Virginia Antebellum (1800 to 1860) Virginia History Series #5-08 © 2008 “Antebellum” is a Latin word meaning "before war" (“ante” means before and “bellum” means war). In United States History, the term “antebellum” often refers to the period of increasing sectionalism leading up to the American Civil War. 1800 to 1860 In the context of this presentation, the “Antebellum Period” is considered to have begun with the rancorous election of Thomas Jefferson as President in 1800 and continued up until the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the start of the Civil War in 1861. People of Virginia Census Pop Rank in The number of people residing Year x1000 States in the Commonwealth of Virginia increased by 77% 1800 900 1st from 1800 to 1860. 1810 984 1st 1820 1,000 2nd 1830 1,220 3rd In this period, Virginia’s 1840 1,250 4th population grew slower than 1850 1,500 4th other States; and, its ranking 1860 1,596 5th in population among the states actually declined from 1st to 5th by 1860. 92 Counties in Virginia by 1800 (Including Appalachian Plateau, Valley & Ridge, Blue Ridge Mountain, and other areas in present-day West Virginia) County Formation 1800-1890 Counties are formed to make local government more available to citizens who need access to courts, land offices, etc. Larger counties are sub-divided into smaller & smaller areas until county offices are close enough to support citizen access. Except in the “western” part of the State, most Virginia county borders are stable by 1890.