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Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1A, „Bia³a 7“, Na Którym Ofw

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Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1A, „Bia³a 7“, Na Którym Ofw KAGERO.EU Z POBRANO Marek J. Murawski Me 262 w obronie Rzeszy KAGERO.EU Z POBRANO Spis treœci Wstêp............................................................................................................................. 3 Prze³omowa konstrukcja.......................................................................................... 6 Chrzest bojowy........................................................................................................... 14 Kommando Nowotny................................................................................................ 20 Powstanie i pierwsze walki JG 7 .......................................................................... 32 Miesi¹c próby – marzec 1945 roku ....................................................................... 42 Ostatni obroñcy Rzeszy – kwiecieñ/maj 1945 roku ......................................... 56 Przypisy ........................................................................................................................ 62 Bibliografia .................................................................................................................. 63 Za³¹czniki.....................................................................................................................KAGERO.EU 65 Na ok³adce: Z Podziêkowania: Autor chcia³by niniejszym z³o¿yæ serdeczne podziêkowania nastêpuj¹cym osobom, które przyczy- ni³y siê do powstania niniejszej ksi¹¿ki: Bernd Barbas, Marian Krzy¿an, James Crow, Heinz J. Nowarra (+), Tomasz Szlagor, Damian Majsak i Arkadiusz Wróbel. Me 262 w obronie Rzeszy • Marek J. Murawski POBRANOWydanie pierwsze • LUBLIN 2007 ISBN 978-83-60445-30-3 © Wszystkie prawa zastrze¿one. All rights reserved. Wykorzystywanie fragmentów tej ksi¹¿ki do przedruków w gazetach i czasopismach, w audycjach radiowych i programach telewizyjnych bez pisemnej zgody Wydawcy jest zabronione. Nazwa serii zastrze¿ona w UP RP Redakcja: Marek J. Murawski T³umaczenie: Tomasz Szlagor Rysunek na pierwszej stronie ok³adki: Arkadiusz Wróbel Plansze barwne: Janusz Œwiat³oñ Plany modelarskie: Mariusz £ukasik Design: Tomasz G¹ska, KAGERO STUDIO Oficyna Wydawnicza KAGERO www.kagero.pl • e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Redakcja, Marketing, Dystrybucja: OW KAGERO, ul. Me³giewska 7-9, 20-952 Lublin tel.: (+48) 081 749 20 20, tel./fax (+48) 081 749 11 81, 0609 543 927, 0601 401 157, www.kagero.pl P Ę WST Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a, „bia³a 7“, na którym Ofw. Hermann Buchner wykona³ dwa loty 20 paŸdziernika 1944 roku w Lechfeld. Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a, “White 7”. On 20th October 1944 Ofw. Hermann Buchner flew two sorties from Lechfeld at the controls of this aircraft. (Nowarra via Autor) listopada [1944 roku], po ukoñczeniu g³oœno i wyraŸnie, przekaza³ pierwsze namiary. szkolenia adaptacyjnego, by³em goto- WKAGERO.EU miêdzyczasie wspi¹³em siê na pu³ap 5000 me- 26wy do podjêcia s³u¿by w lotnictwie trów. Gdzieœ w okolicy Monachium kr¹¿y³ ame- obrony Rzeszy na myœliwcu odrzutowym. PilociZ rykañski samolot zwiadowczy, który dokumento- byli ju¿ rozdzieleni pomiêdzy poszczególne wa³ efekty wczeœniejszego nalotu bombowców. Schwärme. Mój Me 262 by³ oznaczony „¿ó³t¹ Moim zadaniem by³o dopilnowaæ, ¿eby nie po- ósemk¹”. Pogoda by³a daleka od idealnej. Od wróci³ z tej misji. zachodu w nasz¹ stronê dryfowa³a zwarta masa Operator przekazywa³ instrukcje spokojnym chmur. To mia³ byæ mój pierwszy lot bojowy na g³osem, z którego emanowa³a zawodowa pew- Me 262. Oko³o godziny dziesi¹tej rano otrzyma- noœæ siebie. Kolejne polecenie: „Kurs 340, wyso- ³em rozkaz do startu. Odpali³em silniki, a ich tur- koœæ 7000 metrów, odleg³oœæ od celu 20 km”. Mój biny zagrzmia³y. Moim zadaniem by³o przechwy- Me 262 szybko osi¹gn¹³ zalecon¹ wysokoœæ. By- cenie amerykañskiego samolotu rozpoznawczego ³em na kursie zbli¿eniowym, a odleg³oœæ szybko w rejonie Monachium. Po raz pierwszy mia³em mala³a. Ponownie jednym spojrzeniem sprawdzi- lecieæ wed³ug wskazówekPOBRANO kontroli naziemnej, któ- ³em wskazania instrumentów. Broñ by³a prze³a- ra œledzi³a intruza na ekranie radaru. dowana i odbezpieczona. By³em gotów do walki. Mój Me 262 ruszy³ przed siebie. Nabiera³ prêd- Bawaria nadawa³a kolejne namiary: „Cel na koœci jak meteor. Tu¿ przed koñcem pasa starto- wprost, odleg³oœæ 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 – kontakt!”. Rozej- wego poderwa³em maszynê z ziemi, a nastêpnie rza³em siê wokó³, ale niczego nie dostrzeg³em. schowa³em podwozie i klapy. Szybko omiot³em Niestety, ta pierwsza próba zakoñczy³a siê zupe³- wzrokiem instrumenty pok³adowe, zw³aszcza nym fiaskiem. Druga próba te¿ nie powiod³a siê. wskaŸniki temperatury turbin. Mój Me 262 wzno- nieprzyjacielski samolot by³ poza zasiêgiem wzro- si³ siê, wci¹¿ przyspieszaj¹c. Nastawi³em swój ku. Coœ by³o nie tak. Mia³em doœwiadczenie jako odbiornik FuG 16 na czêstotliwoœæ lokalnej stacji pilot myœliwca, a samolot sprawowa³ siê bez za- kontroli o kryptonimie „Bawaria”. Sprawdzi³em rzutu. Gor¹czkowo sprawdzi³em instrumenty. ³¹cznoœæ: „Bawaria, tu Schwalbe 8, odbiór”. Po Wszystkie wskazówki by³y na zielonym polu, tak kilku sekundach operator, którego g³os s³ysza³em jak powinny. Me 262 w OBRONIE RZESZY 3 P Ę WST Messerschmitt Me 262 V3, PC+UC, W.Nr. 0003 na lotnisku Leipheim, lato 1942 roku. Messerschmitt Me 262 V3, coded PC+UC, W.Nr. 0003, at Leipheim airbase, summer 1942. (Nowarra via Autor) Nowe polecenie z ziemi: „Kurs 270”, a parê Lightning przepad³ na lewe skrzyd³o i run¹³ minut póŸniej: „Przekazujê do Leandera”. Lean- w dó³, krêc¹c zwitki korkoci¹gu. Wci¹¿ p³on¹c, der by³ kryptonimem stanowiska kontroli naziem- wpad³ w warstwê chmur poni¿ej. nej w Stuttgarcie. Zaraz za Augsburgiem p³yn¹ca Napiêcie spowodowane walk¹ zaczê³o powoli na wschód ³awica chmur przys³oni³a ziemiê pode opadaæ. Wywo³a³em Leandera i zameldowa³em mn¹. Lecia³em sam na pustym niebie, pode mn¹ o zestrzeleniu Lightninga, prosz¹c jednoczeœnie dywan k³êbiastych ob³oków, nade mn¹ b³êkitne o KAGERO.EUkurs powrotny do Lechfeld. Leander pogratulo- niebo, na którym krzy¿owa³y siê smugi konden- wa³ mi i nakaza³ kurs 090. Odruchowo sprawdzi- sacyjne. Jedyny kontakt z ziemi¹ mia³em przezZ ³em wskazania instrumentów, zw³aszcza te kontro- radio. Leander wywo³a³ mnie i przekaza³: „Kurs luj¹ce pracê silników i wskaŸnik poziomu paliwa. 270, intruz w odleg³oœci 70 kilometrów”. Mój Me Wszystko by³o w jak najlepszym porz¹dku. Mój Me 262 wyrwa³ w górê na nakazan¹ wysokoœæ 8000 262 dostojnie szybowa³ w przestworzach. Genera³ metrów jak b³yskawica. Mo¿e tym razem uda siê. Galland powiedzia³ kiedyœ o lataniu Me 262, ¿e to Silniki pracowa³y miarowo, odczyt instrumentów takie uczucie, jakby „anio³y wioz³y go na swoich by³ poprawny. W miêdzyczasie Leander informo- skrzyd³ach”... G³os Leandera sprowadzi³ mnie do wa³ mnie na bie¿¹co o stale malej¹cej odleg³oœci rzeczywistoœci: „Przekazujê do Bawarii. Mi³ego do celu. Lecia³em ju¿ 35 minut bez widocznoœci lotu”. Wci¹¿ lecia³em ponad warstw¹ chmur. Pali- ziemi. Nied³ugo bêdê musia³ podj¹æ decyzjê, co wa szybko ubywa³o. Us³ysza³em g³os kontrolera ze robiæ dalej. Cel znajdowa³ siê w odleg³oœci dzie- stacji Bawaria, który przekaza³ kolejne instrukcje: siêciu kilometrów.POBRANO Jeszcze raz sprawdzi³em broñ. „Kurs 090, zacznij obni¿aæ lot. Otrzyma³em raport o Czu³em narastaj¹ce napiêcie. Leander odlicza³ stanie pogody nad Lechfeld. Dolny pu³ap chmur 500 czas pozosta³y do momentu spotkania. Nagle po m, widocznoœæ 10-15 km. Teraz wszystko potoczy³o prawej dostrzeg³em punkt na niebie. to musia³ byæ siê szybko. Mój Me 262 zanurkowa³ w mroczne k³ê- mój cel. Sekundy d³u¿y³y siê niemi³osiernie. Te- bowisko chmur. Utrzymywa³em prêdkoœæ 650 raz mog³em go rozpoznaæ – amerykañski Light- km/h. Na wysokoœci oko³o 600 metrów wypad³em ning wracaj¹cy po wykonaniu zadania w stronê z chmur, dok³adnie ponad moj¹ baz¹ w Lechfeld. Francji. Z³apa³em go w celownik i nacisn¹³em Reszta by³a ju¿ rutyn¹: zredukowaæ prêdkoœæ do spust dzia³ek. Pierwsza seria posz³a za wysoko. 250-300 km/h, wypuœciæ klapy, podwozie i wyrów- Opuœci³em nos samolotu. Tym razem trafi³em naæ na podejœciu do pasa. Z piskiem opon mój Me w sam œrodek. Kiedy przelecia³em nad Lightnin- 262 ³agodnie opad³ na pas startowy. By³em w po- giem i odbi³em w bok, zobaczy³em ogarniaj¹cy wietrzu przez 80 minut (od 11:35 do 12:55). Przy go jêzor p³omienia. Kr¹¿¹c powy¿ej patrzy³em, jak koñcu pasa zjecha³em w bok, tocz¹c siê w kierunku 4 www.kagero.pl P Ę WST Przygotowania do pierwszego lotu Messerschmitta Me 262 V3, którego pilotowa³ Flugkapitän Fritz Wendel. Messerschmitt Me 262 V3 prepared for its maiden flight, with Flugkapitän Fritz Wendel at the controls. (Nowarra via Autor) miejsca postojowego. Czas by³ ju¿ ku temu najwy¿- nego) z 7th Photo Recon Group, 27th Photo Squ- szy. Wy³¹czy³em radio, zabezpieczy³em broñ i zga- adron. By³ to F-5E-2-LO, numer seryjny 43-28619, si³em silniki. Teraz mog³em odetchn¹æ swobodnie. któregoKAGERO.EU pilotowa³ porucznik Irvin J. Rickey. Pilot Rozpi¹³em uprz¹¿ spadochronu i wydosta³em siê wyskoczy³ ze spadochronem w pobli¿u z kokpitu mojego Me 262. Z Speßhardt, oko³o godziny 12:15 (czasu niemiec- Samolotem, który zestrzeli³em, okaza³ siê F-5E kiego) i zosta³ wziêty do niewoli w Mötlingen, (P-38 Lightning w wersji rozpoznania fotograficz- 8 km na pó³nocny zachód od Calw”1. POBRANO Pierwszy start prototypu Me 262 V3 w dniu 18 lipca 1942 roku. Uwagê zwraca klasyczne podwozie z kó³kiem ogonowym. Maiden flight of the prototype Me 262 V3 on 18th July 1942. Of note is the classic landing gear configuration with tailwhe- el. (Nowarra via Autor) Me 262 w OBRONIE RZESZY 5 Prze³omowa konstrukcja pierwszej po³owie 1944 roku Trzecia Wiêkszoœæ spo³eczeñstwa rozumia³a ju¿, i¿ nad- Rzesza znalaz³a siê w krytycznym po- szed³ pocz¹tek koñca „tysi¹cletniej Rzeszy”. Bieg W³o¿eniu. Seria klêsk poniesionych w ci¹- wydarzeñ odmieniæ móg³ ju¿ tylko cud. Minister gu poprzednich 12 miesiêcy pogrzeba³a nadzieje informacji i propagandy, dr Josef Goebbels, roz- na zwyciêskie zakoñczenie wojny. Zachodni alian- poczynaj¹c wielka kampaniê propagandow¹ ci pokonali Niemców w Afryce Pó³nocnej, zdoby- zwi¹zana z bliskim wprowadzeniem do s³u¿by li Sycyliê i znaczn¹ czêœæ Pó³wyspu Apeniñskie- nowych broni odwetowych (Vergeltungs-Waffen), go, a teraz szykowali siê do skoku przez kana³ La doskonale zdiagnozowa³ te nastroje spo³eczne.
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