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Assessment of Russian Food Processing Industry –Finnish Perspective

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Assessment of Russian Food Processing Industry –Finnish Perspective LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Northern Dimension Research Centre Publication 29 Anna-Mari Ylä-Kojola ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIAN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY –FINNISH PERSPECTIVE Lappeenranta University of Technology Northern Dimension Research Centre P.O.Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland Telephone: +358-5-621 11 Telefax: +358-5-621 2644 URL: www.lut.fi/nordi Lappeenranta 2006 ISBN 952-214-196-8 (paperback) ISBN 952-214-197-6 (PDF) ISSN 1459-6679 Assessment of Russian Food Processing Industry –Finnish Perspective Anna-Mari Ylä-Kojola 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables............................................................................................................................ 2 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Charts ........................................................................................................................... 3 Abbreviations........................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 6 2. The legacy of communism.............................................................................................. 9 2.1 Some special features of Russian transition........................................................... 12 3. Current economic trends.............................................................................................. 17 3.1 Macroeconomic indicators..................................................................................... 17 3.2 Gross wages ........................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Distribution of income ........................................................................................... 23 3.4 Comparison to other transitional economies.......................................................... 25 4. Food processing industry in Russia –General overview............................................ 29 4.1 Agriculture in the Soviet Union ............................................................................. 30 4.2 Development in the 1990s...................................................................................... 32 4.3 Characteristics of the industry................................................................................ 36 4.4 Raw material supply............................................................................................... 40 4.5 Imports and exports................................................................................................ 42 4.6 Consumption of food ............................................................................................. 48 4.7 Food safety and counterfeit products ..................................................................... 51 4.8 Investment issues ................................................................................................... 52 5. WTO............................................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Application process................................................................................................ 58 5.2 Benefits of membership ......................................................................................... 60 5.3 Impact on the Russian agriculture and food processing industry........................... 61 6. Sectors of food processing industry............................................................................. 65 6.1 Dairy sector............................................................................................................ 65 6.1.1 Competition in the dairy industry ...................................................................... 67 6.1.2 Market of dairy products ................................................................................... 69 6.1.3 Butter and margarine ......................................................................................... 70 6.2 Meat markets.......................................................................................................... 71 6.2.1 Meat production................................................................................................. 72 6.2.2 Companies in meat processing .......................................................................... 73 6.3 Confectionery......................................................................................................... 75 6.3.1 Chocolate ........................................................................................................... 77 6.3.2 Sugar-based sweets............................................................................................ 79 6.3.3 Flour-based products ......................................................................................... 80 6.3.4 Snack food ......................................................................................................... 81 6.4 Bakery .................................................................................................................... 82 7. Comparison of Regions ................................................................................................ 85 7.1 Russian regions and federal districts...................................................................... 85 7.2 Purchasing power of Russian regions .................................................................... 87 8. Russian food processing industry compared with transitional economies .............. 95 8.1 Economic indicators............................................................................................... 95 8.2 Foreign direct investments and foreign trade......................................................... 96 8.3 Russia compared to transitional economies −summary ....................................... 102 9. Conclusions.................................................................................................................. 104 References ............................................................................................................................ 106 Appendices Northern Dimension Research Centre – Anna-Mari Ylä-Kojola 2 List of Tables Table 1. Interviewed experts ..................................................................................................... 8 Table 2. Industrial production (1991=100) ............................................................................. 15 Table 3. Main economic indicators in 1997-2004................................................................... 19 Table 4. Average monthly gross wages in 1998-2005 ............................................................ 22 Table 5. Distribution of income between quintals % .............................................................. 24 Table 6. People in various income brackets %........................................................................ 25 Table 7. Gross domestic product of CEE countries and Russia .............................................. 26 Table 8. Wages in CEE countries and Russia ......................................................................... 28 Table 9. Aggregate agricultural productivity .......................................................................... 34 Table 10. Main indicators of the performance of food industry.............................................. 36 Table 11. Production of processed food, thousand tons unless otherwise indicated............... 37 Table 12. Agricultural production in 1992-2004, million tons unless otherwise indicated..... 40 Table 13. Food imports and exports and their share in Russian trade..................................... 43 Table 14. Import of main food products, thousand tons, and share of import of total supply. 46 Table 15. Consumer expenditure of households, percent of total consumption...................... 50 Table 16. Future development of food markets in Russia....................................................... 51 Table 17. Foreign direct investments in Russia 1998-2003, share of industrial branches % .. 55 Table 18. Russian food processing companies, ranking of 400 companies ............................ 56 Table 19. Market share of dairy companies in Russia, different segments and regions.......... 69 Table 20. Selected economic indicators of Russian Federal Districts..................................... 86 Table 21. Russian regions with cities of over one million inhabitants, selected indicators .... 88 Table 22. Retail trade turnover in Russian regions, top ten..................................................... 90 Table 23. Purchasing power comparison of Russian Federal Districts ................................... 92 Table 24. Purchasing power comparison, ten richest and five poorest regions....................... 93 Table 25. Purchasing power comparison, twenty richest regions (summer 2005).................. 94 Table 26. FDI flow and stock in 2004..................................................................................... 97 Table 27. FDI in the food sector (including beverages and tobacco)...................................... 98 Table 28. Top 20 food processing
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