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Eugene L. Fleeman Tactical Missile Design E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site

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Eugene L. Fleeman Tactical Missile Design E-Mail: Genefleeman@Msn.Com Web Site ProfessionalProfessional DevelopmentDevelopment ShortShort CourseCourse onon TacticalTactical MissileMissile DesignDesign Eugene L. Fleeman Tactical Missile Design E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://genefleeman.home.mindspring.com 2/24/2008 ELF 1 OutlineOutline Introduction / Key Drivers in the Design Process Aerodynamic Considerations in Tactical Missile Design Propulsion Considerations in Tactical Missile Design Weight Considerations in Tactical Missile Design Flight Performance Considerations in Tactical Missile Design Measures of Merit and Launch Platform Integration Sizing Examples Development Process Summary and Lessons Learned References and Communication Appendices ( Homework Problems / Classroom Exercises, Example of Request for Proposal, Nomenclature, Acronyms, Conversion Factors, Syllabus ) 2/24/2008 ELF 2 EmphasisEmphasis IsIs onon Physics-Based,Physics-Based, AnalyticalAnalytical SizingSizing ofof AerodynamicAerodynamic ConfigurationConfiguration Area Emphasis Aero Configuration Sizing Aero Stability & Control Aero Flight Performance Propulsion Structure Weight Warhead Miss Distance Cost Additional Measures of Merit Launch Platform Integration Primary Emphasis Seeker, Sensors, and Electronics Secondary Emphasis Power Supply Tertiary Emphasis Safe, Arm, and Fuzing - Not Addressed - 2/24/2008 ELF 3 TacticalTactical MissilesMissiles AreAre DifferentDifferent fromfrom FighterFighter AircraftAircraft Tactical Missile Example of Comparison With Characteristics State-of-the-Art Fighter Aircraft Axial Acceleration AGM-88 Maneuverability AA-11 Speed / altitude SM-3 Dynamic pressure PAC-3 Size Javelin Weight FIM-92 Production cost GBU-31 Observables AGM-129 Range AGM-86 – Kills per use Storm Shadow – Target acquisition LOCAAS – Superior Better Comparable – Inferior 2/24/2008 ELF 4 AeroAero ConfigurationConfiguration SizingSizing ParametersParameters EmphasizedEmphasized inin ThisThis CourseCourse Propulsion Sizing / Propellant or Fuel Diameter Stabilizer Nose Fineness Geometry / Size Wing Geometry / Size Thrust Profile Flight Conditions ( α, M, h ) Flight Control Length Geometry / Size 2/24/2008 ELF 5 CConceptualonceptual DesignDesign ProcessProcess RequiresRequires EvaluationEvaluation ofof AlternativesAlternatives andand IterationIteration • Mission / Scenario Update Definition Initial Revised • Weapon Trades / Eval Effectiveness / Eval Requirements, Trade Studies Initial Alt Baseline and Sensitivity Reqs Concepts Selected Analysis • Launch Platform Initial Carriage / Iteration Integration Launch Refine Weapons Req • Weapon Concept Alternate Concepts ⇒ Select Preferred Design ⇒Eval / Refine Design Synthesis • Technology Initial Tech Initial Revised Assessment and Tech Trades Roadmap Roadmap Dev Roadmap Note: Typical conceptual design cycle is 3 to 9 months. House of Quality may be used to translate customer requirements to engineering characteristics. DOE may be used to efficiently evaluate the broad range of design solutions. 2/24/2008 ELF 6 MissileMissile ConceptConcept SynthesisSynthesis RequiresRequires EvaluationEvaluation ofof AlternativesAlternatives andand IterationIteration Define Mission Requirements Alt Mission Establish Baseline Alt Baseline Aerodynamics Propulsion Weight Resize / Alt Config / Subsystems / Tech Trajectory Meet No Performance? Yes No Measures of Merit and Constraints Yes 2/24/2008 ELF 7 ExamplesExamples ofof AiAirr-Launched-Launched MissileMissile MissionsMissions // TypesTypes Air-to-air Example SOTA 10 feet • Short range ATA. AA-11. Maneuverability • Medium range ATA. AIM-120. Performance / weight • Long range ATA. Meteor. Range Air-to-surface • Short range ATS. AGM-114. Versatility • Medium range ATS. AGM-88. Speed • Long range ATS. Storm Shadow. Modularity Permission of Missile Index. Copyright 1997©Missile.Index All Rights Reserved 2/24/2008 ELF 8 ExamplesExamples ofof Surface-LaunchedSurface-Launched MissileMissile MissionsMissions // TypesTypes Surface-to-surface Example SOTA 10 feet • Short range STS. Javelin. Size • Medium range STS. MGM-140. Modularity • Long range STS. BGM-109. Range Surface-to-air • Short range STA. FIM-92. Weight • Medium range STA. PAC-3. Accuracy • Long range STA. SM-3. High altitude Permission of Missile.Index. Copyright 1997©Missile.Index All Rights Reserved 2/24/2008 ELF 9 AeroAero ConfigurationConfiguration SizingSizing HasHas HighHigh ImpactImpact onon MissionMission RequirementsRequirements Impact on Weapon Requirement Aero Measures of Merit Other Measures of Merit Constraint Aero Configuration Range / Time to Robust- Miss Observ- Launch Sizing Parameter Weight Maneuver Target ness Lethality Distance ables Survivability Cost Platform Nose Fineness Diameter Length Wing Geometry / Size Stabilizer Geometry / Size Flight Control Geometry / Size Propellant / Fuel Thrust Profile Flight Conditions ( α, M, h ) Very Strong Strong Moderate– Relatively Low 2/24/2008 ELF 10 ExampleExample ofof AssessmentAssessment ofof AlternativesAlternatives toto EstablishEstablish FutureFuture MissionMission RequirementsRequirements Measures of Merit Alternatives for Precision Strike Number of Cost per Launch Platforms TCT Shot Required Effectiveness Future Systems Standoff platforms / hypersonic missiles Overhead loitering UCAVs / hypersonic missiles Overhead loitering UCAVs / light weight PGMs Current Systems Penetrating aircraft / subsonic PGMs – – Standoff platforms / subsonic missiles – Note: Superior Good Average– Poor Note: C4ISR targeting state-of-the-art for year 2010 projected to provide sensor-to-shooter / weapon connectivity time of less than 2 m and target location error ( TLE ) of less than 1 m for motion suspended target. 2/24/2008 ELF 11 C4ISRC4ISR TacticalTactical SatellitesSatellites andand UAVsUAVs HaveHave HighHigh ImpactImpact onon MissionMission CapabilityCapability LaunchLaunch Platforms Platforms Off-boardOff-board Sensors Sensors •Fighter Aircraft •Fighter Aircraft •Tactical•Tactical Satellite Satellite •Bomber •Bomber •UAV•UAV •Ship•Ship / Submarine/ Submarine •UCAV•UCAV PrecisionPrecision Strike Strike Weapons Weapons •Hypersonic•Hypersonic SOW SOW •Subsonic•Subsonic PGM PGM •Subsonic•Subsonic CM CM TimeTime Critical Critical Targets Targets •TBM•TBM / TEL/ TEL •SAM•SAM •C3•C3 •Other•Other Strategic Strategic Note: C4ISR targeting state-of-the-art for year 2010 projected to provide sensor-to-shooter / weapon connectivity time of less than 2 m and target location error ( TLE ) of less than 1 m for motion suspended target. 2/24/2008 ELF 12 EExamplexample ooff SSystem-oystem-off--SystemsSystems AAnalysisnalysis toto DevelopDevelop FutureFuture MissionMission RequirementsRequirements 1. Compare Targeting of Subsonic Cruise Missile 3. Alt / Speed / RCS Required 5. Campaign Model Weapons Versus Hypersonic Missile For Survivability Mix ( CM, Hypersonic t0 t1 t2 t 100 Missile ) Results 3 RCS1 RCS2 > RCS1 80 ( eg., Korean Scenario ) TBM Launch Hypersonic HM Intercept 60 Launch Pt Rcvd Missile Launch at XXX nm Selected For All: 40 • Value of Speed / 20 Range Altitude – 1000 ft 0 • Time Urgent Targets Cruise Missile Launch 0 2000 4000 6000 • High Threat Average Speed to Survive, fps 1 Environments - 2 -3 3 - 2 4 • Buried Targets 2. Time To Target -5 4. Lethality 4 • Launch Platform Alternatives 120 W/H W > W Range 3 > R2 3 2 • Operating and W/H W > W 100 Range 2 > R1 50 2 1 Attrition Cost in 80 Range 1 40 Warhead W1 Campaign • Weapon Cost in 60 30 Campaign Time, Min 40 20 • Mix of Weapons in 20 Penetration ( ft ) Penetration 10 Campaign 0 Lethality / Concrete • Cost Per Target Kill 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 • C4ISR Interface Average Speed, fps 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Impact Velocity, fps 2/24/2008 ELF 13 ExampleExample ofof TechnologicalTechnological SurpriseSurprise DrivingDriving ImmediateImmediate MissionMission RequirementsRequirements Sidewinder AIM-9L ( IOC 1977 ) Performance •+/- 25 deg off boresight •6.5 nm range Archer AA-11 / R-73 ( IOC 1987 ) Performance •> +/- 60 deg off boresight •20 nm range New Technologies •TVC •Split canard •Near-neutral static margin •+/- 90 deg gimbal seeker •Helmet mounted sight Note: AIM-9L maneuverability shortfall compared to Archer drove sudden development of AIM-9X. 2/24/2008 ELF 14 MissileMissile ConceptConcept SynthesisSynthesis RequiresRequires EvaluationEvaluation ofof AlternativesAlternatives andand IterationIteration Define Mission Requirements Alt Mission Establish Baseline Alt Baseline Aerodynamics Propulsion Weight Resize / Alt Config / Subsystems / Tech Trajectory Meet No Performance? Yes No Measures of Merit and Constraints Yes 2/24/2008 ELF 15 BaselineBaseline DesignDesign BenefitsBenefits andand GuidelinesGuidelines Benefits of Baseline Design Allows simple, conceptual design methods to be used with good accuracy Well documented benchmark / configuration control / traceability between cause and effect Balanced subsystems Gives fast startup / default values for design effort Provides sensitivity trends for changing design Baselines can cover reasonable range of starting points Baselines can normally be extrapolated to ±50% with good accuracy Guidelines Don’t get locked-in by baseline Be creative Project state-of-the-art ( SOTA ) if baseline has obsolete subsystems Sensors and electronics almost always need to be updated 2/24/2008 ELF 16 ExampleExample ofof MissileMissile BaselineBaseline DataData Configuration Drawing Weight / Geometry Flow Path Geometry ( C ) = ( C ) x ( 1 - A / S ) Sta 150.3 Inlet D0 Nose Corrected D0 Nose Uncorrected c REF 11.6 Conical forebody angle,
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