Bombs, Guns and Missiles (And CPP Investments)
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Bunker Busters: Washington's Drive for New Nuclear Weapons
BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION COUNCIL BASIC RESEARCH REPORT Bunker Busters: Washington’s Drive for New Nuclear Weapons Mark Bromley, David Grahame and Christine Kucia Research Report 2002.2 July 2002 B U N K E R B U S T E R S British American Security Information Council The British American Security Information Council (BASIC) is an independent research organisation that analyses international security issues. BASIC works to promote awareness of security issues among the public, policy makers and the media in order to foster informed debate on both sides of the Atlantic. BASIC in the UK is a registered charity no. 1001081 BASIC in the US is a non-profit organization constituted under section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Service Code. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the many individuals and organisations whose advice and assistance made this report possible. Special thanks go to David Culp (Friends Committee on National Legislation) and Ian Davis for their guidance on the overall research and writing. The authors would also like to thank Martin Butcher (Physicians for Social Responsibility), Nicola Butler, Aidan Harris, Karel Koster (PENN-Netherlands), Matt Rivers, Paul Rogers (Bradford University), and Dmitry Polikanov (International Committee of the Red Cross) for valuable advice on the report. Support This publication was made possible by grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Colombe Foundation, Compton Foundation, Inc., The Ford Foundation, W. Alton Jones Foundation, Polden Puckham Charitable Trust, Ploughshares Fund, private support from the Rockefeller Family, and the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust. Bunker Busters: Washington’s Drive for New Nuclear Weapons By Mark Bromley, David Grahame and Christine Kucia Published by British American Security Information Council July 2002 Price: $10/£7 ISBN: 1 874533 46 6 2 F O R E W O R D Contents Foreword: Ambassador Jonathan Dean .............................................................. -
CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat
By Systems Assessment Group NDIA Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee August 1999 FEASIBILITY OF THIRD WORLD ADVANCED BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat The Systems Assessment Group of the National Defense Industrial Association ( NDIA) Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee performed this study as a continuing examination of feasible Third World missile threats. Volume 1 provided an assessment of the feasibility of the long range ballistic missile threats (released by NDIA in October 1998). Volume 2 uses aerospace industry judgments and experience to assess Third World cruise missile acquisition and development that is “emerging” as a real capability now. The analyses performed by industry under the broad title of “Feasibility of Third World Advanced Ballistic & Cruise Missile Threat” incorporate information only from unclassified sources. Commercial GPS navigation instruments, compact avionics, flight programming software, and powerful, light-weight jet propulsion systems provide the tools needed for a Third World country to upgrade short-range anti-ship cruise missiles or to produce new land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs) today. This study focuses on the question of feasibility of likely production methods rather than relying on traditional intelligence based primarily upon observed data. Published evidence of technology and weapons exports bears witness to the failure of international agreements to curtail cruise missile proliferation. The study recognizes the role LACMs developed by Third World countries will play in conjunction with other new weapons, for regional force projection. LACMs are an “emerging” threat with immediate and dire implications for U.S. freedom of action in many regions . -
Nuclear Weapon Producers
Chapter 2 Nuclear Weapon Producers Nuclear weapon producers in this report Aecom (United States) Alliant Techsystems (United States) Babcock & Wilcox (United States) Babcock International (United Kingdom) BAE Systems (United Kingdom) Bechtel (United States) Bharat Electronics (India) Boeing (United States) CH2M Hill (United States) EADS (Netherlands) Fluor (United States) Gencorp (United States) General Dynamics (United States) Honeywell International (United States) Huntington Ingalls (United States) Jacobs Engineering (United States) Larsen & Toubro (India) Lockheed Martin (United States) Northrop Grumman (United States) Rockwell Collins (United States) Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom) Safran (France) In some of the nuclear-armed states – especially the SAIC (United States) United States, the United Kingdom and France – Serco (United Kingdom) governments award contracts to private companies to Thales (France) ThyssenKrupp (Germany) carry out work on their nuclear arsenals. This report URS (United States) looks at 27 of those companies providing the necessary infrastructure to develop, test, maintain and modernise nuclear arsenals. They are involved in producing or maintaining nuclear weapons or significant, specific components thereof. The 27 companies described in this chapter are substantially involved in the nuclear weapons programmes of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, India or Israel and themselves based in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Germany and India. In other nuclear-armed countries – such as Russia, China, Pakistan and North Korea – the modernization of nuclear forces is carried out primarily or exclusively by government agencies. In those countries, the opportunities to achieve divestment through public campaigning are limited. A potentially more effective way to challenge investments in these nuclear industries would be through influencing budgetary decision-making processes in national legislatures. -
5001-06 DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE Office of the Secretary
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 06/18/2019 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2019-12780, and on govinfo.gov Billing Code: 5001-06 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Transmittal No. 19-36] Arms Sales Notification AGENCY: Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Arms sales notice. SUMMARY: The Department of Defense is publishing the unclassified text of an arms sales notification. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karma Job at [email protected] or (703) 697-8976. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This 36(b)(1) arms sales notification is published to fulfill the requirements of section 155 of Public Law 104-164 dated July 21, 1996. The following is a copy of a letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Transmittal 19-36 with attached Policy Justification and Sensitivity of Technology. Dated: June 12, 2019. Aaron T. Siegel, Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. Transmittal No. 19-36 Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Bulgaria (ii) Total Estimated Value: Major Defense Equipment* $ .763 billion Other $ .910 billion TOTAL $1.673 billion (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase: Major Defense Equipment (MDE): Eight (8) F-16C/D Block 70/72 Aircraft Ten (10) F110 General Electric Engines (includes 2 spares) Ten (10) Link-16 -
ISSUE 5 AADH05 OFC+Spine.Indd 1 the Mortar Company
ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE ARTILLERY ISSUE 5 HANDBOOK HANDBOOK – ISSUE 5 PUBLISHED MARCH 2018 THE CONCISE GLOBAL INDUSTRY GUIDE ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE AADH05_OFC+spine.indd 1 3/16/2018 10:18:59 AM The Mortar Company. CONFRAG® CONTROLS – THE NEW HIGH EXPLOSIVE STANDARD HDS has developed CONFRAG® technology to increase the lethal performance of the stan- dard High Explosive granade for 60 mm CDO, 60 mm, 81 mm and 120 mm dramatically. The HE lethality is increased by controlling fragmentation mass and quantity, fragment velocity and fragment distribution, all controlled by CONFRAG® technology. hds.hirtenberger.com AADH05_IFC_Hirtenberger.indd 2 3/16/2018 9:58:03 AM CONTENTS Editor 3 Introduction Tony Skinner. [email protected] Grant Turnbull, Editor of Land Warfare International magazine, welcomes readers to Reference Editors Issue 5 of Shephard Media’s Artillery and Air Defence Handbook. Ben Brook. [email protected] 4 Self-propelled howitzers Karima Thibou. [email protected] A guide to self-propelled artillery systems that are under development, in production or being substantially modernised. Commercial Manager Peter Rawlins [email protected] 29 Towed howitzers Details of towed artillery systems that are under development, in production or Production and Circulation Manager David Hurst. being substantially modernised. [email protected] 42 Self-propelled mortars Production Elaine Effard, Georgina Kerridge Specifications for self-propelled mortar systems that are under development, in Georgina Smith, Adam Wakeling. production or being substantially modernised. Chairman Nick Prest 53 Towed mortars Descriptions of towed heavy mortar systems that are under development, in CEO Darren Lake production or being substantially modernised. -
Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory Figures As of Sept
Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2011. ■ 2012 USAF Almanac Bombers B-1 Lancer Brief: A long-range, air refuelable multirole bomber capable of flying intercontinental missions and penetrating enemy defenses with the largest payload of guided and unguided weapons in the Air Force inventory. Function: Long-range conventional bomber. Operator: ACC, AFMC. First Flight: Dec. 23, 1974 (B-1A); Oct. 18, 1984 (B-1B). Delivered: June 1985-May 1988. IOC: Oct. 1, 1986, Dyess AFB, Tex. (B-1B). Production: 104. Inventory: 66. Aircraft Location: Dyess AFB, Tex.; Edwards AFB, Calif.; Eglin AFB, Fla.; Ellsworth AFB, S.D. Contractor: Boeing, AIL Systems, General Electric. Power Plant: four General Electric F101-GE-102 turbofans, each 30,780 lb thrust. Accommodation: pilot, copilot, and two WSOs (offensive and defensive), on zero/zero ACES II ejection seats. Dimensions: span 137 ft (spread forward) to 79 ft (swept aft), length 146 ft, height 34 ft. B-1B Lancer (SSgt. Brian Ferguson) Weight: max T-O 477,000 lb. Ceiling: more than 30,000 ft. carriage, improved onboard computers, improved B-2 Spirit Performance: speed 900+ mph at S-L, range communications. Sniper targeting pod added in Brief: Stealthy, long-range multirole bomber that intercontinental. mid-2008. Receiving Fully Integrated Data Link can deliver nuclear and conventional munitions Armament: three internal weapons bays capable of (FIDL) upgrade to include Link 16 and Joint Range anywhere on the globe. accommodating a wide range of weapons incl up to Extension data link, enabling permanent LOS and Function: Long-range heavy bomber. -
Nuñez Angles
5th International Seminar on Security and Defence in the Mediterranean Multi-Dimensional Security Reports (+34) 93 302 6495 - Fax. (+34) 93 302 6495 - [email protected] (+34) 93 302 6495 - Fax. [email protected] Weapons of mass destruction in the Mediterranean: An omnidirectional threat. Jesús A. Núñez Villaverde, Balder Hageraats and Ximena Valente - Calle Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona, España Tel. Fundación CIDOB WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL THREAT Jesús A. Núñez Villaverde Co-director of the Institute of Studies on Conflicts and Humanitarian Action, IECAH Balder Hageraats Researcher at IECAH Ximena Valente Researcher at IECAH Introduction 1. Similar to the first report, the concept of WMD is used in its general understanding of having the Similarly to the first report on Weapons of mass destruction in the three basic components of nuclear, Mediterranean: current status and prospects, released in 2005, this chemical and biological weapons. In practical terms, however, the main second report (Weapons of mass destruction in the Mediterranean: an focus of this report is on nuclear omnidimensional threat) is the result of an initiative – responding to a weapons given that these are the sustained interest in matters of security and defence in the Mediterranean only ones that true fit the profile of WMD at the moment. - by the CIDOB Foundation. It is therefore fitting to mention the annual seminars on security and defence that are held in Barcelona since 2002. In line with the decision taken at the third of these meetings, the aim of this report is to facilitate – both for those attending the sessions directly as well as the wider security community interested in the region - the analysis of one of the most pressing problems on the international agenda. -
29.4 Commentary
commentary Dreaming of clean nukes Can the Pentagon defend its plans for new nuclear bombs? 50% or more reduction in destructive radius. Michael A. Levi But if a ‘containable’ nuclear bomb would Is the US nuclear arsenal sufficient to address deliver such reduced destructive power,might US DOE/SPL today’s security challenges? The Pentagon designers not better focus on delivering a con- apparently thinks not. A new report1 from its ventional warhead to greater depths instead? Defense Science Board (DSB) argues that This leads us to a third problem: the pene- “nuclear weapons are needed that produce tration depths that the DSB promises are much lower collateral damage”. It lends either overly optimistic4 or oddly cautious. support to proposals to build new nuclear Unstated assumptions about the targets can weapons for attacking underground facilities. be misleading. Simply because a device To a point, such ‘bunker busters’ are nothing can penetrate 30 metres in limestone, it does new — the B-53 bomb, first deployed in the not mean that it will do so in harder granite. early 1960s, can destroy underground targets, Elsewhere, the study looks at how multiple although it creates lethal radioactive fallout bombs dropped into the same hole can make that covers hundreds of thousands of square the hole deeper,but ignores the possibility that kilometres. The new proposals promise more this will make containment more difficult. effective weapons with reduced fallout. But And when the study proposes convincing the DSB overstates the extent to which that is methods for increasing penetration, it begs an possible, and gives the comparative potential Containing underground explosions is not easy. -
Missilesmissilesdr Carlo Kopp in the Asia-Pacific
MISSILESMISSILESDr Carlo Kopp in the Asia-Pacific oday, offensive missiles are the primary armament of fighter aircraft, with missile types spanning a wide range of specialised niches in range, speed, guidance technique and intended target. With the Pacific Rim and Indian Ocean regions today the fastest growing area globally in buys of evolved third generation combat aircraft, it is inevitable that this will be reflected in the largest and most diverse inventory of weapons in service. At present the established inventories of weapons are in transition, with a wide variety of Tlegacy types in service, largely acquired during the latter Cold War era, and new technology 4th generation missiles are being widely acquired to supplement or replace existing weapons. The two largest players remain the United States and Russia, although indigenous Israeli, French, German, British and Chinese weapons are well established in specific niches. Air to air missiles, while demanding technologically, are nevertheless affordable to develop and fund from a single national defence budget, and they result in greater diversity than seen previously in larger weapons, or combat aircraft designs. Air-to-air missile types are recognised in three distinct categories: highly agile Within Visual Range (WVR) missiles; less agile but longer ranging Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missiles; and very long range BVR missiles. While the divisions between the latter two categories are less distinct compared against WVR missiles, the longer ranging weapons are often quite unique and usually much larger, to accommodate the required propellant mass. In technological terms, several important developments have been observed over the last decade. -
Marine Nuclear Power 1939 – 2018 Part 1 Introduction
Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018 Part 1: Introduction Peter Lobner July 2018 1 Foreword In 2015, I compiled the first edition of this resource document to support a presentation I made in August 2015 to The Lyncean Group of San Diego (www.lynceans.org) commemorating the 60th anniversary of the world’s first “underway on nuclear power” by USS Nautilus on 17 January 1955. That presentation to the Lyncean Group, “60 years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955 – 2015,” was my attempt to tell a complex story, starting from the early origins of the US Navy’s interest in marine nuclear propulsion in 1939, resetting the clock on 17 January 1955 with USS Nautilus’ historic first voyage, and then tracing the development and exploitation of marine nuclear power over the next 60 years in a remarkable variety of military and civilian vessels created by eight nations. In July 2018, I finished a complete update of the resource document and changed the title to, “Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018.” What you have here is Part 1: Introduction. The other parts are: Part 2A: United States - Submarines Part 2B: United States - Surface Ships Part 3A: Russia - Submarines Part 3B: Russia - Surface Ships & Non-propulsion Marine Nuclear Applications Part 4: Europe & Canada Part 5: China, India, Japan and Other Nations Part 6: Arctic Operations 2 Foreword This resource document was compiled from unclassified, open sources in the public domain. I acknowledge the great amount of work done by others who have published material in print or posted information on the internet pertaining to international marine nuclear propulsion programs, naval and civilian nuclear powered vessels, naval weapons systems, and other marine nuclear applications. -
GBU-28C/B Deep Throat LGB/GPS [BLU-122/B] (USAF, 2007)
GBU-28C/B Deep Throat LGB/GPS [BLU-122/B] (USAF, 2007) Guided Weapon Type: Guided Weapon Weight: 2268.0 kg Length: 7.6 m Span: 1.68 m Length: 7.6 m Diameter: 0.36 Generation: None Properties: Weapon - INS w/ GPS Navigation, Weapon - Pre-Briefed Target Only Targets: Surface Vessel, Land Structure - Soft, Land Structure - Hardened Sensors / EW: - Laser Spot Tracker (LGB) - (Paveway II CCG, Fixed Only) Laser Spot Tracker (LST), LST, Laser Spot Tracker, Max range: 0 km Weapons / Loadouts: - GBU-28C/B Deep Throat LGB/GPS [BLU-122/B] - (USAF, 2007) Guided Weapon. Surface Max: 7.4 km. Land Max: 7.4 km. OVERVIEW: The GBU-28C/B Deep Throat is a short-range, GPS and laser guided gravity bomb designed for enhanced penetration against hardened and buried targets. DETAILS: The Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) bomb is designed to penetrate hardened targets before exploding, and is reported as being capable of penetrating 30 meters of earth or 6 meters of concrete. Warhead weight is approximately 304 kilograms. The weapon has a reported CEP of 9 meters. NOTES: The GBU-28C/B incorporates an improved guidance that uses both GPS-aided navigation and laser guidance. The 5,000-pound class BLU-122 warhead provides improved lethality and penetration over the earlier BLU-113 warhead. SOURCES: Raytheon Paveway III. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app5/paveway-3.html ; Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) Bunker Buster - Smart Weapons. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-28.htm ; Guided Bomb Unit-28 Page: 1/2 http://cmano-db.com/weapon/251/ GBU-28C/B Deep Throat LGB/GPS [BLU-122/B] (USAF, 2007) (GBU-28) Bunker Buster - Smart Weapons. -
Bunker Busters”: Sources of Confusion in the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Debate
Order Code RL32599 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web “Bunker Busters”: Sources of Confusion in the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Debate January 10, 2005 Jonathan Medalia Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress “Bunker Busters”: Sources of Confusion in the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Debate Summary The Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP), often called a “bunker buster,” is at present the subject of a cost and feasibility study to determine if either of two nuclear bombs, the B61 and the B83, could be modified, mainly by adding a heavy, pointed case, so as to be able to penetrate perhaps 10 meters into earth or rock. This penetration would increase the weapon’s ability, by a factor of 20 to 50, to destroy hardened and deeply buried facilities. The Department of Defense has expressed concern that potential U.S. adversaries are using such facilities because the 1991 and 2003 wars in Iraq demonstrated that U.S. precision conventional weapons can readily destroy facilities that are above the surface or buried at shallow depth. If the study shows RNEP to be feasible and affordable, and if the President and Congress approve, RNEP could move from a study to development and, perhaps, deployment. The RNEP debate has received much attention and spawned much confusion. This report examines sources of confusion in this debate. Part of the difficulty in analyzing this debate is that the RNEP study raises large and complex issues. Should the United States improve its ability to destroy buried targets, or are there offsetting reasons not to? What would be the targets for RNEP, and by what measures should its military effectiveness be judged? How reliable are estimates of collateral damage resulting from RNEP? “Urban myths” have grown up around RNEP.