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This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13189 Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives ISBN Committee on an Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. 978-0-309-21610-4 Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives; DEPS; NRC 260 pages 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2012) Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Custom notification of new releases in your field of interest Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives Committee on an Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION. THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. HQ0147-09-C-0002 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Missile Defense Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-0XXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-0XXXX-X Copies of this report are available from: Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, The Keck Center of the National Academies, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Room WS904, Washington, DC 20001; and The National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624- 6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION. COMMITTEE ON AN ASSESSMENT OF CONCEPTS AND SYSTEMS FOR U.S. BOOST-PHASE MISSILE DEFENSE IN COMPARISON TO OTHER ALTERNATIVES L. DAVID MONTAGUE, Menlo Park, California, Co-Chair WALTER B. SLOCOMBE, Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered, Co-Chair DAVID K. BARTON, Hanover, New Hampshire MELVIN H. EISMAN, RAND Corporation DAVID L. FRIED, Royal Oaks, California ALEC D. GALLIMORE, University of Michigan EUGENE HABIGER, Gen, USAF (Ret.), University of Georgia HARVEY L. LYNCH, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University (retired) KENNETH C. MALLEY, VADM, USN (Ret.), Edgewater, Maryland C. WENDELL MEAD, AGRI, Incorporated DANIEL L. MONTGOMERY, BG, USA (Ret.), Strategic Defense Solutions C. KUMAR PATEL, Pranalytica, Incorporated JONATHAN D. POLLACK, Brookings Institution DAVID M. VAN WIE, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University DAVID R. VAUGHAN, RAND Corporation DEAN WILKENING, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Staff CHARLES F. DRAPER, Study Director; Director, Naval Studies Board RAYMOND S. WIDMAYER, Senior Program Officer SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Coordinator MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer ROSE NEUGROSCHEL, Research Associate (April 18, 2011, through January 20, 2012) SEKOU O. JACKSON, Senior Project Assistant (through April 8, 2011) iv Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION. Preface Current U.S. policy is to deploy as soon as technologically possible an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic attack, whether accidental, unauthorized, or deliberate.1 The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) plays a central role in supporting the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) in developing and fielding an integrated, layered, ballistic missile defense system. Ballistic missile defense (BMD) considers engaging threats during the boost phase, the midcourse phase, and the terminal phase of flight. Boost-phase defense encompasses engagements during the time period when the threat booster is still accelerating. The midcourse defense layer can be divided into (1) ascent phase, when the threat system is engaged prior to apogee, and (2) descent phase, when intercept occurs after apogee. The term “early intercept” is sometimes used to describe intercept after boost in the initial portions of the ascent phase of the threat system before apogee.2 Finally, terminal defense refers to engagements as and after warheads reenter the atmosphere and become subject to drag and reentry heating. TERMS OF REFERENCE The Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417) directed the SECDEF to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in order to conduct an independent study of concepts and systems for U.S. boost-phase missile defense compared with “non-boost”-defense alternatives.3 Subsequent to ensuring
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