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What Is Lojban? .I La Lojban

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What Is Lojban? .I La Lojban What Is Lojban? .i la lojban. mo Edited by Nick Nicholas John Cowan What Is Lojban?: .i la lojban. mo Edited by Nick Nicholas and John Cowan Published 2003 Copyright © 2003 by the Logical Language Group. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open ublication License! "#.0 or later $the latest "ersion is presently a"ailable at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/%. Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication (Provided by Quality Books, Inc.) &hat is Lojban'(.i la lojban. mo ) edited by *ic+ *icholas! ,ohn Co-an. p. cm. .ncludes inde/. LCC* 2003#00312 .34* 0560002135#57 #. Loglan $8rtficial language% .. *icholas! *ic+! #67#5 ... Co-an! ,ohn &oldemar. .... Title9 .i la lojban. mo :1260.&;3 2003 ;66<.66 =4.035200;0# Table of Contents Organization of this booklet...................................................................... i I. Introduction...............................................................................................1 1. Questions and Answers on Lo ban ...............................................3 II. Technical Descriptions ........................................................................ ! 2. !"er"iew o# Lo ban $ra%%ar.....................................................2& 3. 'ia(ra%%ed )u%%ary o# Lo ban $ra%%ar.............................*+ ,. Lin(uistic -ssues .ertainin( to Lo ban......................................113 III. Lojban "a#ple Te$ts ........................................................................1%& *. bradi je bandu ................................................................................13+ /. ckape litru ......................................................................................1,* &. sera’a le cipnrkorvo .e le lorxu ......................................................1*1 0. Attitudinal.......................................................................................1*& '. (o#plete )ronunciation *uide .......................................................1+% -nternational Phonetic Al.habet ...................................................1/3 Arabic................................................................................................1/, Chinese 1Puton(hua23andarin4....................................................1// 5indi 6 7rdu...................................................................................1/& 8ussian..............................................................................................1/0 ).anish..............................................................................................1/+ Inde$...........................................................................................................1&1 Organization of this booklet stura le dei cmacku 9his booklet is an introduction to the lan(ua(e Lo ban. -t is di"ided into three .arts. Part - (i"es a (eneral .resentation o# what the lan(ua(e is: why it e;ists: and why it should be o# interest to you. Part -- contains a %ore #or%al e;.osition o# the lan(ua(e: consistin( o# an o"er"iew o# the lan(ua(e<s (ra%%ar: a dia(ra%%ed su%%ary o# its (ra%%ar basics: and a discussion o# lin(uistic issues rele"ant to Lo ban. -t %ay be used in con unction with the introductory lessons a"ailable se.arately. Part ---: #inally: contains a #ew te;ts in Lo ban: with .arallel translation and (losses: to allow you to (et a #eel #or how the lan(ua(e works. > 9he Introduction 1#or%erly the la lojban. mo brochure4 was ori(inally written by Athelstan and =ob LeChe"alier in 1+00: and u.dated in 1++1 and 2001: incor.oratin( %aterial by 8obin 9urner. > 9he Overview was ori(inally written by =ob LeChe"alier in 1+0+: and u.dated in 1++0 1incor.oratin( content by John Cowan4 and 2001. > 9he Diagrammed Summary was ori(inally written by Nora 9ansky LeChe"alier and =ob LeChe"alier in 1++0: and u.dated in 1++2 and 2001. > Linguistic Issues is based on %aterial ori(inally contained in the la lojban. mo brochure> in Is Lojban Scientifically Interesting? ori(inally written by =ob LeChe"alier in 1++2> and the .a.er Loglan and Lojban: A Linguist’s Questions And An Amateur’s Answers ori(inally written by John Cowan in 1++1: in res.onse to Arnold 3. ?wicky<s re"iew o# Ja%es Cooke =rown<s 1+// edition o# Loglan . 1?wicky<s re"iew was .ublished in Language ,*@2 11+/+4: ... ,,,A,*&.4 > 9he (losses in Part --- were %ade usin( the .ro(ra% jbofi’e by 8ichard Curnow. > 9he co"er #or the .rint "ersion was done by 8ocket 5ouse )tudio. Organization of this booklet 9hanks to Pierre Abbat: Arnt 8ichard Johansen: Jay Bo%inek: Jor(e Lla%bCas: )te"en Lytle: 8obin Lee Powell: Ada% 8aiDen: And 8osta: Nora 9ansky LeChe"alier: 8obin 9urner: and )cott Eeller #or their su((estions. For the .ronunciation (uides: thanks to Al#red 9Gtin(: Phili. Netwon: and Jor(e Lla%bCas. Note: ThisbookletispublishedbytheLogicalLanguageGroup, incorporatedasanon-profitscientific/educationalcharityapproved bytheU.S.Governmentforta -deductibledonations.!easkthat thoseobtainingourmaterialsbycomputerregisteryourinterest"ith usbypostalorcomputermail.!ealsoaskthatyouconsider contributingtoTheLogicalLanguageGrouptohelpoffsetour continuingcostsingeneralsupportoftheLo#bancommunity. $ontributionscanbeassmallorasgreatasyoulike,though"etrust thatyou"illfindLo#banre"ardingenoughtocontributeasubstantial amount.%orthecurrentpriceofthisbooklet,pleasechecktheLo#ban "ebsite,http://www.lojban.org. .i le dei cmacku cu vasru loi cfari terdjuno datni pe la lojban. .i le cmacku cu se pagbu cida .i le 1moi pagbu cu naltcila jai jarco ledu’u ly. mo kau kei .e ledu’u ly. zasti mu’i ma kau kei .e ledu’u tu’a ly. cinri do ki’u ma kau .i le 2moi pagbu cu vasru lo ritlymau velski be ly. be’o no’u lo naltcila velski be le gerna sidbo be’o kujoi lo xracartu torvelski be le jicmu gerna be’o kujoi lo prosa be le bauske cuntu poi srana la lojban. .i ka’e pilno le go’i ku joi le cfari ve cilre be fi la lojban. be’o noi ka’e ji’a sepli se cpacu .i le ro 3moi pagbu cu vasru so’u seltcidu pebau la lojban. ge’u .e lo kansa xe fanva .e lo kansa xe vlafanva mu’i lenu do co’a jimpe ledu’u le bangu cu se sazri ta’i ma kau ni’o > la lidne pagbu po’u le lu la lojban. mo li’u seltcidu pepuku cu krasi se finti la .AT lstan. joi la lojbab. ca le 1!""moi nanca gi’e se ningau ca la 1!!1moi .e la 2##1moi .i ji’a ca la 2##1moi co’a vasru loi seltcidu pefi’e la robin.terner. > .i la naltcila velski cu krasi se finti la lojbab. joi la djan.kau n. ca la 1!"!moi nanca gi’e se ningau ca la 1!!#moi .e la 2##1moi > .i la xracartu torvelski cu krasi se finti la noras.tanskis.lecevalier. joi la lojbab. ca la 1!!#moi nanca gi’e se ningau ca la 1!!2moi .e la 2##1moi > .i la bauske se casnu cu se jicmu loi seltcidu poi krasi se vasru le lu la lojban. mo li’u seltcidu ku’o .e la’e lu xu tu’a la lojban. saske cinri li’u noi krasi se finti la lojbab. ca la 1!!2moi nanca ku’o .e la me la loglan .e la lojban. .i la me la loglan .e la lojban. cu krasi se finti la djan.kau n. ca ii Organization of this booklet la 1!!1moi mu’i lenu spuda le pajni prosa befi la .arnold. zuikis. beife la pamoi pe la loglan. ge’u nefi’e la djeimyz.kuk.braun. zi’epede’i la 1!$$moi .i le la zuikis. pajni prosa cu se gubgau vecu’u le %%%moi bi’o %&'moi papri be le %& pi’e 2moi te krefu be le karni po’u la’o gy. (anguage gy. be’o nede’i la 1!$!moi > .i le valsi xe fanva pe le 3moi pagbu cu se cupra sepi’o le mutmi’i po’u la jbofi’e nefi’e la ritcrd.kernous. > .i le gacri pixra cu se zbasu la’o gy. )ocket *ouse +tudio gy. .i mi ckire la pier.a,AT. .e la .arnt.rikard.iuxansen. goi la tsali ge’u .e la xorxes.jambi as. .e la djez.-.minek. .e la rabin.lis.pau el. .e la stivn.laitl. .e la .adam.reizen. .e la .and.rostas. .e la noras.tanskis.lecevalier. .e la robin.terner. .e la skat.uelyr. lenu vo’e cu stidi sidju .i le bacru tadji velciksi te ckire la .alfred.titin. goi la .aulun. ge’u .e la filip.niuton. .e la xorxes.jambi as. ni’o ju’ido’u: le dei cmacku cu se gubgau la lojbangirz. noi ba’o flalu binxo lo nalselprali ke saske ja ctuca ke dinterdu’a girzu poi le merko turni cu zanru lenu na cteki le jdini poi se dunda fi le girzu .i mi cpedu lenu le cpacu be lemi datni bei xebe’i le skami cu jungau ly. ledu’u se cinri kei semu’i lenu pelji ja skami mrilu .i ji’a mi cpedu lenu do dunda fi la lojbangirz. mu’i loinu ly pleji fo loinu vrici sarji le lojbo cecmu .i le klani be le jdini poi do dunda cu .e’a jai se jdice do .i ku’i .a’o leni do zanfri la lojban cu banzu lenu do mu’i dunda lo vajni ly. .i ko mu’i lenu do djuno le ca jdima be ledei cukta kei cu tcidu la’e le la lojban. skamrxuebe tcana no’u la’o gy. http://www.lojban.org gy. iii I. Introduction lidne pagbu Chapter 1. Questions and Answers on Lojban preti ce’o danfu sera’a la lojban. 1. What is Lojban? Lojban (/LOZH-bahn/) is a constructed language. Originally called ‘Loglan’ by project founder r. !a"es #oo$e %ro&n' &ho started the language de(elop"ent in )*++' the goals for the language &ere first described in the article Loglan in Scientific American' !une )*,-. .ade &ell-$no&n by that article and by occasional references in science fiction and co"puter publications' Loglan/Lojban has been built o(er four decades by do/ens of &or$ers and hundreds of supporters' led since )*01 by 2he Logical Language 3roup. 2here are "any artificial languages' but Loglan/Lojban has been engineered to "a$e it uni4ue in se(eral &ays. 2he follo&ing are the "ain features of Lojban5 • Lojban is designed to be used by people in co""unication &ith each other' and possibly in the future &ith co"puters. • Lojban is designed to be culturally neutral. • Lojban gra""ar is based on the principles of logic.
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