A Synopsis of Forest Fungi of Significance in New Zealand

,61,..,L~ 0 V.r~'f NEW ZEALAND STATE FOREST SERVICE.

BULLETIN No. 9.

A. D. McGAVOCK, Director of Forestry.

A SYNOPSIS- . OF FOREST FUNGI OF SIGNIFICANCE IN NEW ZEALAND.

BY T. T. c. BIRCH, B.A. (OXON.), FoREST ASSISTANT, STATE FOREST SERVICE, WELLINGTON.

Issued by direction of the Hon. Frank Langstone, Commissioner of State Forests.

Extract from New Zealand journal of Forestry, Vol. IV, No. 2, 1937.

WELLINGTON, N.Z. E. V. PAUL, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, 1938. NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE OF FORESTERS.

A SYNOPSIS OF FOREST FUNGI OF

SIGNIFICANCE IN NEW ZEALAND.

BY T. T. C. BIRCH.

Extract from NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF FoRESTRY, Vol. IV., No. 2, 1937.

H. L. YOUNG LTD. A SYNOPSIS OF FOREST FUNGI OF SIGNIFICANCE IN NEW ZEALAND.

By T. T. C. BIRCH.

INTRODUCTION : The object of this synopsis is to record, in readily available and condensed fonn, the fungi found to be of significance in the silviculture and utilization of New Zealand forests, indigenous and exotic. References in literature to these fungi are, in the main, numerous and widely scattered ; no attempt has been made to record a complete bibliography, but published work having a bearing on New Zealand conditions has been given preference. As further evidence accumulates, additions and amendments will be necessary, particularly in the case of mycorrhizal fungi, a preliminary list of which is appended. I am indebted to the Director of Forestry for permission to publish this synopsis.

AGARIOAOEAE. ARMILLARIA MELLEA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus rad'iata, P. muricata, P. murrayana, P. ponderosa, Ohamaecyparis lawsoniana, N othofagus menziesii. Distribution: Europe, America, India, Australia, New Zealand. Notes: A root disease (probably indigenous) attacking exotic conifers planted in cut-over indigenous forest lands. CJll. L. J. D., Mamaku, 1931. Iden. T·.C.B . .Also a heart-rot of young silver beech and a white-pocket rot of silver beech timber. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Southland, 1935. Reference: 1. Massee, G. (1898) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 31, p. 337. 2. Birch, T. T. C. (1937) "Arm,illaria mellea in relation to New Zealand forests." Read before the A. & N.Z. Associa­ tion for Advancement of Science, Auckland Meeting, January, 1937.

SCHIZOPHVLLUM COMMUNE. Hosts (N.Z.) Edwardsia microphylla, Salix sp., Acacia sp. M yoporum laetum, Beilschmiedia tawa. Distribution: Europe, Asia, America, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous wound parasite on Edwards,ia, penetrating heartwood through dead branches. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B. 1933, Manawatu. Causes decay of timber in wide range of species, indigenous and exotic. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Rotorua, Manawatu, Taranaki, 1931. Reference: Humphrey, C. J. (1917) U.S. Dept. Agric. Bulletin No.·510. 1 PHOLIOTA ADlPOSA. Hosts (N.Z.) Hoheria angustifolia. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous (?) fungus causing heart-rot of living Hoheria. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Manawatu, 1937. A common heart-rot of forest trees in America. Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931). "Outline of Forest Pathology" New York.

POLYPORAGEAE. FOMES ZEALANDICUS. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus spp., Dacrydiurn cupressinurn, Poilo­ carpus spicatus. Distribution: New Zealand and Java. Notes: An indigenous heart-rot on red beech (Coll. T.C.B. 1934) and on other hosts. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1919, on fallen trees. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58.

FOM ES RO BUST US. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, Eucalyptus spp. Distribution: Britain, Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand. ·Notes: An indigenous fungus causing a white pocket-rot, in living Nothofagus spp. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1921. Also causes decay of eucalypt power-poles. Coll. T.C.B., Rangitikei, 1935. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927). Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58.

FOMES HEMITEPHRUS. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus rnenziesii, N. truncata, and N. fusca. Distribution: Australia, and throughout New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing a white-pocket rot, in living Nothofagus spp. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1921. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927). Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58.

FOMES AUSTRALIS. Hosts (N.:z.) Nothofagus spp., Podocarpus spicatus, Dacrydiurn cupressinurn. Distribution: Tropical Asia and America, Australia, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing a serious heart-rot (white pocket) of beech; m:atai, and rimu. "It is perhaps, the largest fungus in the Dominion, for one specimen the writer has ex­ . ainined was 9() cm. in width." (G.H.C.) Coll .. and Iden. G ..H.C. 1921. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.l. Vol. 58. 2 FOM ES APPLANATUS. Hosts (N.Z.) Podocarpus spicatus, Dacrydium cupre$sinum. Distribution: IEurope, Asia, America, Australia and New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus widely distributed in New Zealand and suspected of attacking living trees. A common root and butt disease of forest trees in North America. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1919. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58. 2. Hubert, E. E. (1931). "Outline of Forest Pathology/' New York.

POLVPORUS EUCALVPTORUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus fu$ca, N. truncata. Distribution: Australia ; New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing heart-rot of living red beech in Wellington and Rotorua districts. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1921. Fructifications, known in North as "Putawa" or "Hutu," formerly used in dry condition by Maoris as tinder. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58.

POLVPORUS. BERKELEYI. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus sp., Dacrydium sp. Distribution : North America; Japan; Australia ; New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus; Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. 1927, "at bases of trees growing in rich humus." Hubert (1927) records fungus as root and butt rot on a wide host range in N. America. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.l. Vol. 58. 2. Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York.

POLVPORUS VERSICOLOR. (Syn. Polystictus versicolor) Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Pinus radiata, Acacia spp, Nothofagus sp, Eucalyptus spp., Quercus spp. Distribution: World-wide. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing a white timber-rot in the sapwood of a wide range of species. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B. on eucaJypt poles, Palmerston North, 1936. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.I. .Vol. 58. 2. Humphrey, C. J. (1917) U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. No. 510. 3. Cartwright, K. St G. and Findlay, W.P.K. (1936). "The principal rots of English Oak." F.P.R. Lab. 3, PORIA FERRUGINOSA . . (Syn. FomeshrruginosusJ. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber 0£ Dacrydium cupressinum, Metrosideros spp., Sequoia sempervirens. Distribution: Britain, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous £ungus causing rot in rimu weather­ boarding, studs etc. exposed to moisture. Probably the co.mmonest decay 0£ wood ·buildings in N.Z. Fruits readily on rimu timber : first woolly chestnut colour, later resupinate pore formation, irregular, rusty brown. Coll .. T.C.B., Palmer- ston N., 1934. Iden. F.P.R. lab. 1936. · Reference: Cartwright, K. St. G. & Findlay, W.P.K. (1936). "The Principal rots 0£ English Oak." F.P.R. Lab.

PORIA VAILLANTll. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Pinus spp, Dacrydium cupressinum. Distribution: Britain and New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing decay of timber in contact with moist soil. (Causes extensive decay of timber in mines in Britain.) Coll. T.C.B., Manawatu, 1935. Iden. F.P.R. Lab. 1936. Reference: F.P.R. Lab. (1933) Bull. No. 1. "Dry rot in wood."

MERULIUS LACRVMANS. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Pinus radiata, Podocarpus dacrydioides, Dacrydium cupressinum. Distribution: Universal. .Notes: An indigenous fungus causing decay of timber. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B. in forest on kahikatea log, Ongarue, 1933. Reference: F.P.R. Lab. (1933) "Dry rot in Wood," Bulletin No. 1.

TRAMETES CINNABARINA. Hosts (N.Z.) Knightia excelsa, Oordyline australis, Dacrydium cupressinum. Distribution: Europe, Siberia, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus causing heart-rot 0£ living rewarewa. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Mt. Messenger, 1937. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1927) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 58. 2. Colenso, W. (1890) Trans. N.Z.1 . . Vol. 23. 4 THELEPHORACEAE. THELEPHORA TERRESTRIS. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata and nursery stock, generally. Distribution: America, Europe, New Zealand. Notes: This indigenous (?) "sm0ther fungus" is not parasitic but . grows upon the stems of seedlings and may smother less vig­ orous plants. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Weraroa, 1919. Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of forest Pathology." New York.

STEREUM SANGUINOLENTUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Dacrydium cupressinum, Agathis austral'is, Nothofagus spp., Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp. Distribution: New Zealand and North America. Notes:. This indigenous fungus is one of the commonest ea uses of decay of wood in timber yards : attacks fillets and sawn timber in wet sites ; sap decay of eucalpt power-poles. Coll. T.C.B. Iden. G.H.C. 1936. Also sapwood decay of slash and felled timber in pine plantations. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Rotorua, 1937. Reference: 1. · Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Patho­ logy." New York. 2. Kress, 0. (1925) U.S. Dept. Agric. Bulletin No. 1298.

UREDINEAE. UROMYCLADIUM ROBINSONI. Host (N.Z.) Acacia melanoxylon. Distribution: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced rust fungus ; does not produce galls and rarely causes fatal injuries. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Auckland province. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zea­ land." Dunedin.

UROMYCLADIUM ACACIAE. Hosts (N.Z.) Acacia dealbata, A. decurrens. Distribution: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced rust fungus ; does not produce galls and rarely causes fatal injuries. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Auckland; Hawke's Bay. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand." Dunedin. 5 UROMVCLADIUM NOTABILE. Hosts (N.Z.) Acacia dealbata, A. decurrens, A. verticillata, A. bayleyana. Distribution: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Notes: A Gall-forming rust fungus frequently causing fatal injuries to trees of all ages. Mycelium probably perennial in host tissues. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., throughout New Zealand. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand.'' Dunedin. 2. Cunningham, G. H. (1926) S.F.S. (N.Z.) Leaflet No. 3.

UROMVCLADIUM TEPPERIANUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Acacia armata. Distribution: Australia, Tasmania, Java, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced gall-forming rust fungus causing damage to prickly acacia ; Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Auckland. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand.'' Dunedin.

UROMVCES EDWARDSIAE. Hosts (N.Z.) Edwardsia microphylla. Distribution: Endemic. Notes: A rust fungus forming conspicuous "witches'-brooms" on branches of host ; and attacks pods shortly after flowering. Type locality, Tahakopa, Coll. C.M.S. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand.'' Dunedin.

AECIDIUM MVOPORI. Hosts (N.Z.) Myoporum laetum. Distribution: Endemic and widespread. Notes: This rust-fungus forms large swellings on branches and stems of the host, forming "witches'-brooms." Type locality, Palmerston North, Coll. and Iden. G.H.C. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand.'' Dunedin.

UREDO KONINI. Hosts (N.Z.) Fuchsia excorticata. Distribution: New Zealand. Notes: An endemic rust-fungus. Type locality, Hutt Valley, Coll. T .K. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand." Dunedin. 6 PUCOINIA PLAGIANTHI. Hosts (N.Z.) Hoheria spp., Plagianthus spp. Distribution: Tasmania, New Zealand. Notes: A rust-fungus on stem and leaf. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1931) "Rust fungi of New Zealand.'' Dunedin.

SPHAERIAOEAE. CERATOSTOMELLA PILIFERA. (Syn. Graphium sp.) Hosts (N.Z.) Dacrydium C'upressiniim, Podocarpus dacrydioides, Beilsckmiedia tawa, Pinus radiata, N othofagus menziesii. Distribution: Universal. Notes: The taxonomy of the genus Oeratostomella, as occurring in New Zealand, has not been worked out and consequently the old combination 0. pil'ifera (which includes a number of new species) is temporarily retained. That the N.Z. Graphium is a conidial stage of Oeratosmella has been confirmed by cultural work (T.C.B. 1935). The fungus causes sap-stain of sawn timber, spreading by prolific spore production. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Palmerston North, 1932. Reference: 1. Yeates, J. S. (1924) Journal of 8cience and Technology (N.Z.) "Sapstain in timber of Pinits radiata." 2. Hubert, E. E. "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York. 3. Lagerberg, T., Lundberg, G., Melin, E. (1928) "Biological and Practical researches into Blueing in Pine and Sprnce." Stockholm.

EN DOTH IA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Oastanea vesca. Distribution: Asia, America, New Zealand. Notes: This introduced fungus conforms to American descrip­ tions of Endothia parasitica, except in size of spores. Coll. T.C.B., Pelorus River, 1931. Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York.

ROSELLINIA RADICIPERDA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus strobus, Eucalyptus spp., Ohamaecyparis lawsoniana, Oastanea vesca. Distribution: New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous fungus ea using root-rot primarily of fruit trees, but commonly associated with forest trees in the Auck­ land province. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Whakarewarewa, 1922. Reference: Cunningham, G. H. (1925) "Fungous diseases of fruit trees in New Zealand." Auckland. 7 OYTTARIAOEAE.

CYTTARIA GUNNll. (Syn. Oyttaria purdiei.) Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus menziesii, (N. fusca). Distribution: Australia, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous parasite which does considerable damage to silver beech, especially saplings and poles ; forms large cankers or burrs on stem and branch. Degree 0£ virulence probably correlated with vigour of growth as effected by over­ stocking, site, etc. Buchanan in 1885 recorded the fungus on red beech, but verification 0£ this host is wanting. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Woodlaw Forest, 1930; Mt. Ruapehu, 1935, on silver beech. Reference: 1. Buchanan, J. (1885) Trans. N.Z.J.. Vol. 18 p. 317. (Plate). 2. Simpson, G. & Thompson J. S. (1928) Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 59, p. 336. 3. Herbert, D. A. (1929) P.R.S. Qiteensland. Vol. 41. No. 13.

PHAOIDIAOEAE.

KEITHIA THUJINA. Hosts (N.Z.) Thuja plicata. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced needle-spot parasite which has, as yet, caused little damage in N.Z. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Waiotapu, 1931. Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York.

NECTRIA CINNABARINA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus spp., Edwardsia tetraptera, Prunus sp. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. . Notes: An introduced facultative parasite on stag-headed pines ; of little economic importance in N.Z. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Hanmer, 1933. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1925) "Fungous diseases of Fruit Trees." Auckland. 2. Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York. 8 EXASCACEAE. TAPHRINA AUREA. Hosts (N.Z.) Populus tremula, P. eu,qenii. Distribution: Europe (?), America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced leaf disease, causing blistering and yellow discoloration of the lower leaf surface. Of little economic importance in N.Z. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Palmerston N., 1933. (Pop 1ulus tremula). Coll. J.P. McE. Iden. T.C.B. Reefton, 1937. (Populus eugenii). Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Patho­ logy." New York.

HYSTERIACEAE. LOPHODERMIUM PINASTRI. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinits radiata. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced needle dise.ase. In N.Z. recorded only on dead needles. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Manawatu, 1931. Reference: Hubert, E. E. (1931). "Outline of Forest Patho­ logy." New York.

HVPODERMA AMPLUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus banksiana. Distribution: America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced needle disease. Not causing serious damage in N.Z. Coll. C.M.S., Kaingaroa, 1932. Iden. T .C.E. References: Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York.

HELOTIACEAE. CHLOROSPLENIUM AERUGINOSUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Larix decidua, Nothofag,us spp. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Generally a forest saprophyte on decayed wood ; occa­ sionally associated with stained timber, characterised by deep green discoloration. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Golden Downs, 1933. Reference:. Saccardo. P.A. (1886) Sylloge l?ungorum. Vol. 8, p. 315. 9 OORYNELIACEAE.

CORYNELIA TROPICA. Hosts (N.Z.) Podocarpus hallii ; P. totara. Distribution: America, Africa, Asia, New Zealand. Notes: An indigenous lea£ parasite. Coll. and Iden. G.H.C:, Mt. Waiopehu, 1919 (P. hallii). Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorum, Vol. 9, p. 1073.

PHOMATAOEAE.

PHOMOPSIS JUNIPEROVORA. Hosts (N.Z.) Cupressus macrocarpa, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Distribution: South Africa, America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced wound parasite causing "gummosis" on stem and branch ; particularly destructive to lined-out nursery stock. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Bulls, 1932. Reference: 1. Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Patho­ logy." New York.- 2. Birch, T. T. C. (1933) N.Z. Journ. For. Vol. 3, No. 3.

PHOMOPSIS STROBi. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, P. muricata,.P. canariensis, Pse.udo­ tsuga taxi]olia. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. " Notes: An introduced facultative parasite 0£ economic import­ ance only in localities where severe unseasonable frosts occur. Believed to have been introduced from North America by seed. Coll. T.C.B., Karioi, 1931. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: Birch, T. T. C. (1935) S.F.S. (N.Z.) Bulletin No. 7.

CVTOSPORA CHRVSOSPERMA. Hosts (N.Z.) Populus nigra. Distribution: Europe, America, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced parasite rarely 0£ economic significance in New Zealand. Poplar cuttings are occasionally attacked and killed. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Palmerston North, 1934. Reference: 1. Hubert, E. E. (1931) "Outline of Forest Pathology." New York. 2. Schreiner, J. (1931) Am. Journ. For. Vol. 29. 10 DIPLODIA PINEA. (Syn. Botryodiplodia pinea). Hosts (N.Z.) Pinits spp. Distribution: America, Europe, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand. Notes: The facultative parasitism of this introduced fungus is dependant upon such predisposing factors as overmaturity, frost injury with terminal hypertrophy, hail injury, drought, adverse soil conditions. Also causes a dark sap-stain in Pinus logs if not converted and seasoned soon after felling. Coll. T.C.B., Rotorua, 1931. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: I. Curtis, K. M. (1926) Trans: N.Z.I. Vol. 56 pp. 52-57. 2. Birch, T. T. C. (1936) S.F.S. (N.Z.)· Bulletin No. 8. 3. Birch, T. T. C. (1936) 8.F.S. (N.Z.) Leaflet No. 28.

MELANOONIAOEAE.

PESTALOZZIA FUNEREA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, Oupressus macrocarpa, Oupressus lusitaniact, Ohamaecyparis lawsoniana, Agathis cmstralis. Distribution: Universal. Notes: An introduced(?) facultative parasite causing damping-off of seedlings. Has been isolated from living seed of 0. rnacro­ carpa and A. australis. Causes stem and branch lesions on cypresses of all ages. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B. 1932. Reference: Birch, T. T. C. (1933) N.Z. Journ. For. Vol. 3, No. 3.

MYXOSPORIUM Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Hoheria lyallii, H. populnea. Distribution: Endemic ? Notes: A parasitic fungus causing die-back of lacebark species in many parts of New Zealand. Coll. E.H.A., Bealey Range, Otago, 1920. Reference: Atkinson, J. D. (1934) Unpublished thesis.

NAEMOSPORA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Pinus radiata. Distribution: Universal ? Notes: Causes a streaky blue-stain in sawn insignis timber. Coll. T.C.B., Dusky S.F, 1930. Ident. J.C.N. Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorurn. Vol. 3, p. 746. 11 CORVNEUM CARDINALE. Hosts (N.Z.) Oupressus macrocarpa, C. sempervirens, Ohamaecy­ paris lawsoniana, Thiija plicata. Distribution: California, New Zealand. Notes: An introduced parasite causing "gummosis" on seemingly healthy trees. Spreads by wind-borne spores which germinate at upper junction of lateral and stem. Heavily infected trees often suppress stem lesions but are sub­ sequently deformed. Coll. T.C.B., Manawatu, 1933. Iden. G.H.C~ Reference: 1. Wagner, W. W. (1928) Science. Vol. 67, No. 1745. 2. Ackers, C. P. (1933) Quart. Joitrn. For. Vol. 27, No. 4. 3. Birch, T. r. C. (1933). N.Z. Journ. For. Vol. 3, No. 3.

TUBEROULARIAOEAE.

FUSARIUM Spp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, P. caribaea, P. strobus, P. pinaster, P. canariensis, P. ponderosa, P. muricata, P. laricio, P. excelsa, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Beilschmied·ia tawa. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Species of this genus frequently cause of "damping-off" in forest nurseries. The taxonomy of the genus Fitsarimn has not been worked out in N.Z. Associated with the dying-off of young tawa regeneration. Coll. C.M.S., Urewera, 1937. Iden. T.C.B. Reference: Hartley, C. (1921) U.S. Dept. Agric. Bulletin No. 934.

MONILIAOEAE.

HVPHOSOMA HVPOXVLOIDES. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. clijfortioides, N. solanderi, Persoonia toru. Distribution: New Zealand. Notes: A thick soot-coloured fungus usually associated with scale insects, ("honey-dew fungus"). May smother foliage of small trees but more commonly confined to the stems of larger trees. Coll. E.H.A. Iden. H.S. 1920. Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Waiotapu, 1937, .on toru, causing deaths. Reference:. 1. Cockayne, L. (1926) "Monograph of New Zealand beech forests." Part I, S.F.S. (N.Z.) Bulletin No. 4. 2. Sydow, H. (1924) Annales Mycologici, Vol. 22, p. 315. 12 TRICHODERMA · KONINGI. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes stain of white pine box timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1935. Reference: 1. Lindau, G. (1907) "Die Pilze Deutschlands." Leipzig. 2. Rennerfelt, E. (1937) "Studies on the fungal infection of ground wood-pulp." Svenska Skogsv Foren. Tidskr. Vol. 35 No. 1.

TRlCHODERMA LIGNORUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes stain of white pine box timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1935. Reference: Rennerfelt, E. (1937) Studies on the fungal infection of ground wood-pulp. Svenska skogsv. Foren. Tidskr. Vol. 35, No. 1.

BOTRVTIS OINEREA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, Oupressus rnacrocarpa, Eucalyptus spp., Thuja plicata. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A £acultative parasite attacking weakened seedlings during warm humid periods in spring or autumn. Coll. C.M.S., Motupiko, 1931. Iden. G.H.C. Reference: 1. Hartley, C. (1921) U.S. Dept. Agric. Bulletin No. 934. 2. Brown (1915) Annals of Botany. Vol. 29.

PENIOILLIUM THOMll. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: North Africa, North America, New Zealand. Notes: Causes a blue-mould on white pine shooks, developing immediately after kiln drying. Coll. W.C.W. Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1935. Reference: Neill, J. C. (1937) Trans. R.S.N.Z. Vol. 67.

PENOILLIUM EXPANSUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes spotting and staining of white pine box timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1935. Reference: Neill, J. C. (1937) Trans. R.S.N.Z. Vol. 67. 13 PENICILLIUM PUTTERILLll. Hos_ts .~N.Z.) Timber of Beilschmiedia tawa, Nothofagus men­ ziesii. Distribution: South Africa, New Zealand; Notes: A white mould, causing stain in timber. Coll. T.C.B., Rotorua. Ident. J.C.N. 1934. Reference: Neill, J.C. (1937) Trans. R.S.N.Z. Vol. 67.

TOLVPOMVRIA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Beilschmiedia tawa. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A mould causing stain in timber. Coll. T.C.B., Mamaku, 1936. Ident. J.C.N. Reference:· Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 137.

CEPHALOSPORIUM Sp. Undet . . Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Beilschmiedia tawa. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A mould causing stain in timber. Coll. T.C.B., Rotorua, 1936. Ident. J.C.N. Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 56.

DEMATIACEAE. HELICOSPORIUM Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Nothofagus menziesii. Distribution: Universal. . Notes:. A mould causing a dark stain of open stacked silver beech. Coll. T.C.B., Kew, 1935. Ident. J.C.N. . Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 557.

MACROSPORIUM Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Pinus radiata. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes.a mild stain. Coll. T.C.B. 1935. Ident. J.C.N. Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloqe Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 530.

PULLULARIA NIGRA. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes stain of white pine box timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston Nortk, 1935. Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 308. 14 PULLULARIA PULLULANS. (Syn. Dernatiurn sp.) Hosts (N.Z.) Timber 0£ Podocarpus dacrydioides. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes stain 0£ white pine box timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1935. Reference: Rennerfelt, E. (1937) Studies on the fungal infection of ground wood pulp. Svenska Skogsv Foren. Tidskr. Vol. 35. No. I.

ALTERNARIA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides. Larix decidua. Distribution: Universal. Notes: Causes spotting and staining of white pine box timber, and on larch posts. Coll. H. R., Hanmer Springs, 1934. Iden. J.C.N. Reference: Saccardo, P. A. (1886) Sylloge Fungorurn. Vol. 4, p. 546.

CLADOSPORIUM HERBARUM. (Syn. llorrnodendendrurn cladosporioides). Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Podocarpus dacrydioides, Dacrydiurn cupressinurn. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A mould commonly causing stain of timber. Coll. T.C.B., Palmerston North, 1935. Ident. J.C.N. References: I. Robak, H. (1932) "Investigations regarding fungi on Norwegian groundwood pulp and fungal infection at wood pulp mills." Oslo.· 2. Lagerberg, T., Lundberg, G., Melin, E. (1928). "Biological and Practical researches into Blueing in Pine and Spruce." Stockholm. 3. Neill, J. C. (1935) N.Z. Journal of Agriculture Vol. 51, No. 1.

TORULA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Beilschrniedia tawa. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A mould causing stain of timber. Co11. T.C.B., Mamaku, 1936. Ident. J.C.N. References: Saccardo, P. A. (1886). Sylloge Fungorum Vol. 4, p. 247. 15 STILBAOEAE. TILACHLIDIUM Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Timber of Nothofagits menziesii. Distribution: Universal. Notes: A mould causing stain of timber. Coll. and Ident. J.C.N., Palmerston North, 1936. References: Saccardo, P. A. (1886). Sylloge Fungorum. Vol. 4, p. 576.

MYOORRHIZA. The following is a preliminary list of fungi proved to be, or sus­ pected of being, mycorrhizal symbionts with forest trees in New Zealand.

1. LVCOPERDON PERLATUM. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus laricio. Notes: ColL T.C.B., Rotorua, 1932. Ident. G.H.C. Field observational evidence only.

2. SCLERODERMA BOVISTA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Notes: Coll. and Iden. G.H.C., Rotorua Nursery, 1928. Beneficial symbiosis with P. radiata proved (T.C.B.) Palmerston North, 1932. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1931). Trans. N.Z.I. Vol. 62. Pt. 2. 2. Cunningham, G. H. (1934). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. Vol. 56, Pt. 4.

3. OMPHALIA Sp. Undet. Hosts (N.Z.) Nothofagus solanderi. Notes: Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Palmerston North, 1931. Field observational evidence only.

4. RH IZOPOGON RU BESCENS. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus radiata, Oupressus macrocarpa, Pinus caribaea. Notes: Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Wairakei, 1931. Bulls, 1933. Riverhead, 1934. Beneficial symbiosis with P. radiata proved (T.C.B.) Palmerston North, 1932. Reference: 1. Cunningham, G. H. (1934). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. Vol. 59. Pts. 3 and 4. 2. Director of Forests, Report of,· Queep.slanq (1936) Annual Report. 16 5. BOLETUS LUTEUS. Hosts (N.Z.) P'inus spp. Notes: Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Tangimoana, 1931. Beneficial symbiosis with Pinus radiata proved (T.C.B.) Palmerston North, 1932. Reference: 1. Cromer, D. A. N. (1935). Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Bull. No. 16. 2. Hatch, A. B. (1936). Am. Joitrn. For. Vol. 34, p. 22.

6. MARASMIUS OREADES. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinus po·nderosa. Notes: Coll. T.C.B., Kaingaroa, 1933. Iden. G.H.C. Field observational evidence only.

7. AMANITA MUSCARIA. Hosts (N.Z.) Pinits radiata, Betula alba. Notes: Coll. and Iden. T.C.B., Rotorua, 1934. Field observational evidence only. Reference: Cromer, D. A. R (1935). Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Bull. No. 16.

ABBREV.IATIONS. Am. Journ. For. Journal of Forestry (American) Dept. S. & I.R. (N.Z.) Department of Scientific & Industrial Research. F.P.R. Lab. Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, England. N.Z. Journ. For. New Zealand Journal of Forestry. (Te Kura Ngahere). . P.R.S. Queensland Proceedinas of Royal Society of Queensland. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. Proceedings of Linnean Society of New South Wales. Quart Journ. For. Quarterly Journal of Forestry (English). S.F.S.. (N.Z.) New Zealand State Forest Service. Trans. N.Z.I. Tra.nsactions of the New Zealand Institute. Trans. R.S.N.Z Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. U.S. Dept. Agric. United States Department of Agriculture

E.H.A. E. H. Atkinson T.C.B. T. C. Birch G.H.C. G. H. Cunningham L.J.D. L. J. Dumbleton T.K. T. Kirk J.P.McE. J. P. McEnaney J.C.N. J.C. Neill H.R. H. Roche C.M.S. C. M. Smith H.S. H. Sydow w.c.w. W. C. Ward Coll. Collected by Iden. Identified by Sp. Undet.... Species Undetermined

17 PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE STATE FOREST SERVICE.

s. d. Bulletin No. 1 : Small Sawmills-Their Erection and Management (Malfroy) 1 6 Bulletin No. 2 : Forest and Timber Insects (Miller) 4 0 Bulletin No. 4: Monograph of the New Zealand Beech Forests (Cockayne)­ Part I 4 0 Part II 2 6 Bulletin No. 6: Pulping and Papermaking Properties of New Zealand Woods (Entrican et al.) 2 6 Bulletin No. 7 : A Phomopsis Disease of Conifers in New Zealand (Birch) 1 9 Bulletin No. 8 : Diplodia pinea in New Zealand (Birch) 1 9 Bulletin No. 9 : A synopsis of Forest Fungi of Significance in New Zealand (Birch). Circular No. 16 : Schools Forestry and Plantations. Circular No. 18 : Sap-stain in Timber of Pinus radiata (insignis). Circular No. 21 : The Air-seasoning and Kiln-drying of Timber. Circular No. 23 : Butter-box Tests. Circular No. 24 : Cheese-crate Tests. Circular No. 26 : Prevention of Sap-stain in White-pine. Circular No. 27: The Flora and Vegetation of New Zealand. Circular No. 28: Paper Pulp from New-Zealand-grown Woods. Circular No. 30: "Medium" Class Rimu. Circular No. 31 : Trees used in State Afforestation in New Zealand. Circular No. 32 : Insects infesting Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Circular No. 33 : The Pine-bark Beetle (Hylastes Ater) in New Zealand. Circular No. 35 : Forestry in New Zealand. (Supersedes Circular No. 22/30.) Leaflet No. 1 : Properties and Uses ,of Pukatea. Leaflet No. 6: Butter-box Tests : The Coombs Test. Leaflet No. 8 : The Fumigation of Douglas Fir Seed. Leaflet No. 10 : Taxation of Land and Standing Timber in Plantations and Indigenous Forests. (Supersedes Circular No. 4.) Leaflet No. 11 : Firewood on the Farm. Leaflet No. 12 : The Properties and Uses of Tawa. Leaflet No. 15 : The Properties and Uses of Taraire. Leaflet No. 16 : The Properties and Uses of Kahikatea. Leaflet No. 17 : The Properties and Uses of Rimu. Leaflet No. 19 : The Preservative Treatment of Fencing-posts. (Supersedes Leaflet No. 5.) Leaflet No. 21 : The Properties and Uses of Matai. Leaflet No. 22 : The Properties and Uses of Totara (Podocarpus totara and P. Hallii). Leaflet No. 23 : The Control and Prevention of Borer Attack in Buildings, &c. Leaflet No. 26 : The Properties and Uses of Kauri. Leaflet No. 28 : Terminal Hypertrophy in Pinus radiata in relation to Frost Damage.

MISCELLANEOUS. s. d. Fixation of Dunes in Gascony o 6 Trees of New Zealand (Cockayne and Phillips Turner). (Bound copies) 6 6 Professional Paper No. 1 : Some New Zealand Woods (Garratt) 1 O The Propagation of Forest Trees.

These publications may be obtained by application to the Director of Forestry, State Forest Service, Wellington.