European Philanthropy and HIV/AIDS
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European Philanthropy and HIV/AIDS A report by the European HIV/AIDS Funders Group Produced in collaboration with the Henry L. Stimson Center 2 Authors Astrid Bonfield is the Chief Executive of the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund. Eric Lief is a Senior Advisor at the Henry L. Stimson Center. The views and recommendations set out in this report are those of the authors, not necessarily those of their respective institutions. Acknowledgements This report was developed, and the mapping exercise on which much of its analysis is based was conducted, in collaboration with – and with the much-appreciated support of – the UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The mapping exercise was carried out under the aegis of the European Foundation Centre’s (EFC’s) Knowledge and Information Management department. Principal staff involved in the exercise were Mathilde Corre, Jon Warne and María Fraile de Manterola Páramo. © May 2008 European HIV/AIDS Funders Group (EFG) www.hivaidsfunders.org Enquiries: info@hivaidsfunders.org Layout active elements GmbH Design · Internet · Software Hanover, Germany www.active-elements.de European Philanthropy and HIV/AIDS 3 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Method of Analysis 5 Principal Findings 5 Annex 1 – Top European Foundations: HIV/AIDS Activity Summaries 14 Annex 2 – Examined Organisations 37 Annex 3 – Mapping Project Methodological Notes 39 4 Introduction This report by the European HIV/AIDS Funders Group (EFG) is an analysis of HIV/AIDS spending by European foundations, trusts and charities in 2005/6. It draws on European Foundation Centre (EFC) mapping activities on HIV/AIDS funding, and aims to support the goal of creating an effective multi-sectoral response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.1,2 UNAIDS has emphasised the need for such a response, and has supported this philanthropic HIV/ AIDS resource tracking report. The EFG is a knowledge-based network dedicated to strengthening European philanthropy in the field of HIV/AIDS. The group aims to mobilise philanthropic leadership and resources to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic and its social and economic consequences. It also promotes an enabling environment for independent giving in this field. The group aims to: Foster networking, information and best practice exchange, as well as better communication and coordination among funders who are active or potentially active in the field of HIV/AIDS. Enhance donors’ knowledge base and grant-making capacity. Facilitate cooperation, as well as the development of new initiatives or joint ventures in the HIV/AIDS field. Encourage new donor activity in HIV/AIDS. Interact strategically with bilateral and multilateral institutions and supranational bodies. The Group’s members include the following organisations: European Foundation Centre* Association François-Xavier Bagnoud King Baudouin Foundation* Bernard van Leer Foundation* Esperanza Medicines Foundation Fondation Mérieux Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung* The Open Society Institute Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund* (* indicates Executive Committee Members) The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) was launched in 1996 and focuses on achieving a more effective global response to AIDS. To this end, it aims to mobilise leadership and advocacy for effective action on the epidemic, provide strategic information and policies to guide efforts in the AIDS response worldwide, track, monitor and evaluate the epidemic, as well as engage civil society, develop partnerships and mobilise financial, human and technical resources. UNAIDS works on the ground in more than 80 countries. Founded in 1989, the Henry L. Stimson Center is a Washington D.C.-based nonprofit, nonpartisan institution devoted to enhancing international peace and security through a unique combination of rigorous analysis and outreach. The Center’s approach is pragmatic — geared toward providing policy alternatives, solving problems, and overcoming obstacles to a more peaceful and secure world. Through in-depth research and analysis, the Center seeks to understand and illuminate complex issues and, by engaging policymakers, 1 European Philanthropy and HIV/AIDS, EFG, September 2005. 2 Survey of Foundation Support for HIV/AIDS, Summer 2002, EFC. Available to EFC members at www.hivaidsfunders.org European Philanthropy and HIV/AIDS 5 policy implementers, and nongovernmental institutions as well as other experts, to craft recommendations that are cross-partisan, actionable and effective. By disseminating this report, the EFG intends to facilitate greater coordination and transparency among funders, lessen duplication of effort, and encourage expanded philanthropic support for HIV/AIDS work. These goals are grounded in the premise that philanthropic funding has a unique and critical role to play in fighting HIV/AIDS in the developing world on the basis of: 1. Flexibility, in terms of responsiveness, speed and relative process simplicity. 2. Ability to innovate and take risks. Philanthropy can provide exploratory money to map and test new approaches that can be scaled up or leveraged. 3. Political independence. Foundations are generally neutral platforms detached from government policy considerations and politics. The information gathered for this report is a work in progress. As the HIV/AIDS funding field develops, we welcome future input from organisations that may have been inadvertently overlooked in this resource tracking exercise. Method of Analysis In 2006, the EFC’s Knowledge and Information Management department, with the support of UNAIDS, conducted the latest in-depth HIV/AIDS mapping by analysing the profiles of 75 organisations known to support HIV/AIDS programmes. Information on 30 of these organisations was re-examined for this analysis. Profiles include information on HIV/AIDS activity and on other major (in some cases primary) programmes, national origin, priorities and restrictions, geographic focus and overall financing. A full list of the organisations examined and further details on the methodology used are provided in Annexes 2 and 3. Although the type of organisations varied, usually due to differing legal constructs for foundations in their respective countries, they are all sources of independent philanthropic or charitable funding. Most are established as foundations under applicable laws, but the term ‘foundation’ itself has varied national meanings. Some are endowed, community, operating or corporate foundations, while others benefit from the proceeds of lotteries. Other organisations, constituted as foundations, mobilise funds from various sources, including the general public, to support their operational or grant-making programmes. Some organisations are hybrids, combining two or more of these genres. Some surveyed organisations are non-governmental organisations (NGOs) which both execute government grants and separately raise, and grant or spend, private contributions. Principal Findings Using data from European foundations, charities and trusts for which financial information was available, the EFC mapping exercise has determined that: 1. Total estimated expenditure by foundations in Europe on developing-world HIV/AIDS is €88.6 million (US$112.1 million) for the most recent complete fiscal year: 2005 or 2006 as available, a near-quadrupling from 2002/2003 levels. Fifteen foundations 6 exceeded the equivalent of US$1 million in spending, and accounted for €84.1 million (US$106.2 million) of this total. 2. An increasing number of organisations are focusing on HIV/AIDS prevention, while maintaining activity in treatment and care. 3. There appears to be significant financial capacity among European foundations for increased developing-world HIV/AIDS grant-making. Foundations profiled for the EFC’s 2004 analysis indicated total expenditure for activities other than HIV/AIDS of approximately €3.2 billion in 2003. 4. Gaining specific information on funding levels to HIV/AIDS programmes remains challenging. Context: Extent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic Notwithstanding recent signs of progress in the fight against the pandemic, HIV/AIDS remains among the most extreme public health crises in recorded history. As of the end of 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were living with HIV, and at least 25 million are estimated to have died from AIDS, including over 2 million in 2007 alone. The epidemic is heavily concentrated in the developing world, as detailed in Table 1. Table 1: HIV/AIDS in the world – HIV prevalence and AIDS deaths* (End 2007) Adults & Children Adults & Children Newly- Adult Prevalence Adult & Child Region Living with HIV infected with HIV Rate (%) AIDS Deaths Sub-Saharan 22.5 million 1.7 million 5.0 1.6 million Africa (20.9-24.3 million) (1.4-2.4 million) (4.6-5.5) (1.5-2.0 million) North Africa & 380,000 35,000 0.3 25,000 Middle East (270,000-500,000) (16,000-65,000) (0.2-0.4) (20,000-34,000) South & 4.0 million 340,000 0.3 270,000 Southeast Asia (3.3-5.1 million) (180,000-740,000) (0.2-0.4) (230,000-380,000) East Asia 800,000 92,000 0.1 32,000 (620,000-960,000) (21,000-220,000) (<0.2) (28,000-49,000) Latin America 1.6 million 100,000 0.5 58,000 (1.4-1.9 million) (47,000-220,000) (0.4–0.6) (49,000-91,000) Caribbean 230,000 17,000 1.0 11,000 (210,000-270,000) (15,000-23,000) (0.9-1.2) (9,800-18,000) Eastern Europe/ 1.6 million 150,000 0.9 55,000 Central Asia (1.2-2.1 million) (70,000-290,000) (0.7–1.2) (42,000-88,000) Western/Central 760,000 31,000 0.3 12,000 Europe (600,000-1.1 million) (19,000-86,000) (0.2–0.4) (<15,000) North America 1.3 million 46,000 0.6 21,000 (480,000–1.9 million) (38,000-68,000) (0.5-0.9) (18,000-31,000) Oceania 75,000 14,000 0.4 1,200 (53,000-120,000) (11,000-26,000) (0.3-0.7) (<500-2,700) TOTAL 33.2 million 2.5 million 0.8 2.1 million (30.6-36.1 million) (1.8-4.1 million) (0.7-0.9) (1.9-2.4 million) *Best estimates in bold, ranges in parentheses.