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Catalog of the Type Specimens Fseastars Catalog of the Type Specimens f Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution CYNTHIA GUST AHEARN I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 572 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. I. Michael Heyman Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 572 Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Cynthia Gust Ahearn SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1995 ABSTRACT Ahearn, Cynthia Gust. Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 572,59 pages, 1995.—The asteroid type specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural History comprise 1183 lots representing 552 nominal species, subspecies, and varieties in 179 nominal genera. A taxonomic list of types reflects their current taxonomic status; an annotated alphabetic list is also provided. The format includes the original bibliographic citation for each species, catalog number, number of specimens, preservation, locality and collector data, synonymies, and remarks concerning status. An appendix of locality information is presented alphabetically by research vessel. A bibliography of relevant publications is provided. Problems concerning the status of W.K. Fisher's type specimens are summarized in the introduction and specifically resolved in the text. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) Catalog of the type specimens of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidae) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution / Cynthia Ahearn. p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 572) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Starfishes—Type specimens—Catalogs and collections—Washington, (D.C.) 2. National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)—Catalogs. I. Ahearn, Cynthia. II. Title. III. Series. QL1.S54 no. 572 [QL384.A8] 592 s-dc20 [593.9T074753] 95-3644 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents page Introduction 1 Format 1 Special Problems 1 Acknowledgments 2 type Specimens Labeled by W.K. Fisher but not Referred to by USNM Catalog Number in Original Publication 2 Taxonomic List of Asteroid Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History 3 Annotated Alphabetic List of Asteroid Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History 8 Appendix: List of Stations 42 Literature Cited 55 in Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Cynthia Gust Ahearn Introduction Remarks include any necessary verification and discussion The asteroid type specimens in the United States National of type status and correction of erroneous published informa- Museum (USNM), now the National Museum of Natural tion concerning the type(s) or type locality. History (NMNH), comprise 1183 type lots representing 552 Synonymy, where applicable, includes first reference to the nominal species, subspecies, and varieties in 179 nominal taxonomic change. genera. The author has examined and verified every type In 1920, A.H. Clark, curator of Echinoderms at the USNM, specimen listed. This is the first comprehensive published began the system of assigning catalog numbers prefixed with report of asteroid types in the NMNH, although species the letter E. Prior to this date, echinoderms shared a single described by W.K. Fisher and deposited in both the California series of catalog numbers with the coelenterate collections and Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the USNM have been no letter prefix was assigned. Both numbering systems are reported (Chaffee and Weitbrecht, 1984). reflected in the asteroid type collection. Occasionally, a type FORMAT.—The catalog is arranged as two lists, an annotated specimen was incorrectly cataloged twice, and I used which- list and a taxonomic list. The taxonomic list is arranged by ever catalog number was published—even if that was the more family in the classification outline proposed by Clark and recent number, rather than the original catalog number. Downey (1992:1-2); within the families, taxa are arranged An appendix of locality descriptions is provided for type alphabetically by genus, and then by species. Currently specimens collected by a research vessel and assigned a station accepted generic combinations are used, and in some instances, number. The appendix is arranged alphabetically by vessel. it was necessary to create unpublished (junior synonyms) Collection information for specimens with descriptive locality combinations in order to include the original species name in or specimens from other sources, such as individual collectors, this listing. is provided in the text. In the annotated list of type specimens, the arrangement is The bibliographic information includes both publications in alphabetical according to the specific names used in the which at least one species was described and the type(s) original descriptions, and the information provided has been deposited in the USNM and publications cited in the text for structured for consistency as follows: Species, or subspecies, species in which some taxonomic change has occurred, in Genus, (Subgenus), Author, year.page(s), plate(s), figure(s). generic placement, in documentation of synonyms, or in Type status, USNM catalog number, number of specimen(s), designations of lectotypes and neotypes. preservation, collecting vessel, station number, modifying SPECIAL PROBLEMS.—Nearly half of the asteroid types in the locality, exact locality, depth, collectors), expedition, date USNM were described and deposited by W.K. Fisher between collected, condition of specimen(s) (where applicable), original 1905 and 1940. Fisher described many starfish species in depository and catalog number. preliminary reports and then expanded his descriptions with more specimens in his larger monographs (1911a, 1919a, Cynthia Gust Ahearn, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National 1928a, 1930). Due to this practice, the USNM asteroid type Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wahington D.C. collection held hundreds of specimens that were examined by 20560. Fisher for inclusion in his monographs but can not be SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY considered type material. Unfortunately, the California Acad- Committee of the 1985 edition of the ICZN, who confirmed our emy of Sciences published an asteroid type catalog (Chaffee interpretations of the Code. I wish also to thank Daniel B. Blake and Weitbrecht, 1984) based on incorrect information con- (University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois) and Philip Lambert tained within the USNM collections. The original description (Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia) of a species, no matter how brief it may be in Fisher's who kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered useful preliminary reports, must be the original citation. Only the suggestions for improvement. specimens properly documented in the original citation can have type status, and the specimens examined by Fisher in Type Specimens Labeled by W.K. Fisher subsequent monographs are simply voucher specimens or but not Referred to by USNM Catalog Number hypotypes and are not now included in the asteroid type in Original Publication collection.
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