The Portrayal of Zorn in Hartmann Von Aue's
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This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue’s Arthurian Romances and in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival Regulski, Carol Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 This electronic theses or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Title: The Portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue’s Arthurian Romances and in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival Author: Carol Regulski The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. 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Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. 1 King’s College London 2004 The Portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue’s Arthurian Romances and in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Carol Ann Magner 2 Abstract This thesis examines the portrayal of zorn in Hartmann von Aue’s Erec and Iwein, and in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival. The opening chapter provides an insight into the meaning of zorn and examines the physical signs, symptoms, and symbols of anger, as well as its theological, moral, and social significance in the Middle Ages. Chapter 2 is devoted to the analysis of zorn in Erec, then in Iwein. Comparison of the two shows how Hartmann’s attitude to anger changes: whereas, in Erec, the hero’s anger can be seen in a positive light, in Iwein, anger is almost always problematic, particularly when associated with female characters. Chapter 3 examines zorn in Parzival under four main headings: the stories of Gahmuret, Parzival, Gawan, and the Narrator. Many of the issues surrounding zorn that surface in the main body of the work are foreshadowed in Books I and II. Anger is not a major issue for Gahmuret, who himself falls prey to a cycle of violence that can be seen to extend forward into the lifetime of his son. Whilst Parzival must learn to control his zorn and appreciate its proper use, Gawan is shown to be exemplary in this respect and to exhibit the qualities of patientia, restraint, and discretion essential to controlling zorn. The zorn of the narrator, which can be glimpsed at various points in the narrative, hints at Wolfram’s personal concern with this emotion, particularly in the context of minne. Finally, a comparison between the two authors shows that Hartmann’s focus is relatively narrow by comparison with Wolfram’s. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 7 1.0 General Comments ............................................................................................ 7 1.1 The Vocabulary of Anger .................................................................................. 9 1.1.1 zorn ............................................................................................................. 9 1.1.2 erbelgen .................................................................................................... 10 1.1.3 wüeten, erwüeten ...................................................................................... 10 1.1.4 bâc, bâgen ................................................................................................ 10 1.1.5 grim .......................................................................................................... 11 1.1.6 nît, haz, unminne, ungedult ...................................................................... 11 1.1.7 Old French Vocabulary ............................................................................ 11 1.2 Anger as an Emotion or Passion ...................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Physiological Symptoms .......................................................................... 12 1.2.2 Cognitive Aspects of Anger ..................................................................... 15 1.2.3 Pathology, Temperament and the Ages of Man ....................................... 17 1.2.4 Colour Symbolism Associated with Anger .............................................. 18 1.2.4.1 Red ..................................................................................................... 18 1.2.4.1.1 Red Hair ..................................................................................... 19 1.2.4.2 Black .................................................................................................. 20 1.2.5 Animal Symbolism ................................................................................... 21 1.2.5.1 Dragons ............................................................................................. 21 1.2.5.2 Lions .................................................................................................. 24 1.2.5.3 Dogs ................................................................................................... 25 1.2.5.4 Wolves ............................................................................................... 26 1.2.5.5 Ostriches ............................................................................................ 27 1.2.5.6 Hedgehogs ......................................................................................... 28 1.3 Anger as Sin .................................................................................................... 29 1.3.1 The Cardinal or Deadly Sins .................................................................... 29 1.3.2 Penitential Literature ................................................................................ 30 1.3.3 Conventional Depictions of the Sins ........................................................ 31 1.3.4 Ira and Desperatio .................................................................................... 34 1.4 The Classical Conception of Anger ................................................................. 35 1.5 The Biblical Conception of Anger .................................................................. 37 4 1.5.1 Biblical Phrases and Admonitions ........................................................... 37 1.5.2 Biblical Exempla of Anger ....................................................................... 39 1.5.2.1 Cain ................................................................................................... 39 1.5.2.2 Judas Iscariot ..................................................................................... 40 1.5.2.3 The Devil ........................................................................................... 41 1.5.2.4 The Wrath of God .............................................................................. 41 1.6 Anger in Proverbial Wisdom and Didactic Literature ..................................... 42 1.6.1 Disticha Catonis ....................................................................................... 43 1.6.2 Thomasin von Zerclaere: Der Welsche Gast ............................................ 45 1.6.3 Freidank: Bescheidenheit.......................................................................... 48 1.6.4 Love, Friendship and Anger ..................................................................... 50 1.7 The Social Uses and Significance of Anger .................................................... 54 1.7.1 Furor Teutonicus .....................................................................................