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You Shall Procreate Attacks on Women’S Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Iran
YOU SHALL PROCREATE ATTACKS ON WOMEN’S SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN IRAN Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2015 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom ©Amnesty International 2015 Index: MDE 13/1111/2015 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Billboard put up by Tehran Municipality in 2013 promoting large families. The motto in Persian reads “Spring will not arrive with one flower,” using flowers as a metaphor for children. ©IRNA amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 2. Bill 446: A threat to sexual and reproductive rights .................................................... 16 Restricting access to modern contraception ............................................................... -
The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’S Revolutionary Guard
The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi: Decision-Making and Factionalism in Iran’s Revolutionary Guard SAEID GOLKAR AUGUST 2021 KASRA AARABI Contents Executive Summary 4 The Raisi Administration, the IRGC and the Creation of a New Islamic Government 6 The IRGC as the Foundation of Raisi’s Islamic Government The Clergy and the Guard: An Inseparable Bond 16 No Coup in Sight Upholding Clerical Superiority and Preserving Religious Legitimacy The Importance of Understanding the Guard 21 Shortcomings of Existing Approaches to the IRGC A New Model for Understanding the IRGC’s Intra-elite Factionalism 25 The Economic Vertex The Political Vertex The Security-Intelligence Vertex Charting IRGC Commanders’ Positions on the New Model Shades of Islamism: The Ideological Spectrum in the IRGC Conclusion 32 About the Authors 33 Saeid Golkar Kasra Aarabi Endnotes 34 4 The IRGC in the Age of Ebrahim Raisi Executive Summary “The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps [IRGC] has excelled in every field it has entered both internationally and domestically, including security, defence, service provision and construction,” declared Ayatollah Ebrahim Raisi, then chief justice of Iran, in a speech to IRGC commanders on 17 March 2021.1 Four months on, Raisi, who assumes Iran’s presidency on 5 August after the country’s June 2021 election, has set his eyes on further empowering the IRGC with key ministerial and bureaucratic positions likely to be awarded to guardsmen under his new government. There is a clear reason for this ambition. Expanding the power of the IRGC serves the interests of both Raisi and his 82-year-old mentor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic. -
República Islámica De Irán
OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Irán República Islámica de Irán La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no oficiales. La presente ficha país no defiende posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. FEBRERO 2018 Constitución. Además, en torno a un 25 % de la población tiene una variedad Irán del turco como lengua materna y se hablan otros idiomas minoritarios, como el kurdo. Moneda: Rial iraní (cambio a 4 de febrero de 2018: 1€ = 46.086 riales) Religión: El Islam está consagrado en la Constitución hoy vigente como religión oficial. La mayoría musulmana iraní (un 96% de la población total) es chiíta (en Mar Caspio torno al 89% de los musulmanes). Hay una minoría musulmana que pertenece TURQUÍA Tabriz a la creencia autóctona conocida como bahaísmo. Existe una importante mino- TURKMENISTÁN ría cristiana de origen armenio, junto a asirio-caldeos; también hay un pequeño Mashhad grupo de judíos y de seguidores del Zoroastrismo. Teherán Forma de Estado: El artículo 1 de la Constitución de 1979 define a Irán como una República Islámica. El sistema se basa en la distinción entre un Ejecutivo encabezado por el Presidente de la República y compuesto por los distintos mi- Isfahán AFGANISTÁN nisterios, que gestiona la administración del país, y un Legislativo o Majlis, que de manera efectiva aprueba las leyes y vota a los candidatos a ministro propues- IRAK Ahvaz tos por el Presidente. -
Iran Stands up Against Transatlantic Bullying the Tabriz Based Club’S Officials Parted Company with the 49-Year-Old Coach on Tuesday
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13829 Wednesday DECEMBER 9, 2020 Azar 19, 1399 Rabi’ Al thani 23, 1442 Zarif advises regional Jordan Burroughs Iranian university Architect Amirali states to exclude West misses competing students runner-up Sardar-Afkhami in regional talks Page 2 in Iran Page 3 at IMC 2020 Page 7 dies at 91 Page 8 Iran completely self-sufficient in building freight wagons Iran stands up against TEHRAN – Iranian railway industry has systems for freight wagons. become completely self-reliant in man- “For the first time this year, national ufacturing freight wagons, Head of the (domestically-made) wheels will move on Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (known the national rail,” the official said. as RAI) Saeed Rasouli said. Mentioning the launch of a system for Speaking in an unveiling ceremony for introducing the needs of the country’s railway transatlantic bullying domestically-made wagon brake system industry to domestic manufacturers and and wheels on Tuesday, Rasouli announced companies producing parts for the railway that RAI is going to sign a contract with transportation industry, the official noted domestic manufacturers for the purchase that so far 4,600 parts have been requested See page 3 of 500 monoblock wheels and 500 brake on this website. Continued on page 4 Rouhani: Astana peace talks can protect Syrian territorial integrity TEHRAN — President Hassan Rouhani Rouhani said during a meeting with visiting on Tuesday hailed the Astana peace talks, Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal al-Mekdad. -
Diplomatic Unease Casts Shadow on Jordan-Iran Ties
16 April 23, 2017 News & Analysis Iran Diplomatic unease casts shadow on Jordan-Iran ties The Arab Weekly staff “It is advisable that the Jordanian king take a passing look first at the statistics released about the Jorda- London nian terrorists joining [the Islamic State] and other blood-spilling and iplomatic relations be- ignorant groups and then make tween Jordan and Iran an opinion on Iran which is on the are going through a pe- frontline of the fight against terror- riod of unease following ism and extremism and striving to the trading of insults be- strengthen security in the region,” Dtween Amman and Tehran. Ghasemi said. The Jordanian Foreign Ministry Jordan’s Foreign Ministry said said it summoned Iranian Ambas- Ghasemi’s “unacceptable” com- sador to Amman Mujtaba Fardousi ments were “a failed attempt to Bour to deliver a “strongly worded misrepresent the central role the protest.” kingdom plays in supporting re- The protest was against a state- gional security and stability and ment from Iranian Foreign Minis- fighting terrorism.” try spokesman Bahram Ghasemi branding comments Jordanian King King Abdullah said Abdullah II made to the Washington Iran was involved in Post as “silly and careless.” “strategic problems” King Abdullah told the American in the region. newspaper that Iran was involved in “strategic problems” in the re- gion. “There is an attempt to forge a Former Jordanian Ambassador to geographic link between Iran, Iraq, Tehran Bassam al-Amoush told the Syria and Hezbollah/Lebanon,” he website AlkhaleejOnline.net that said. the “Iranian transgression against He added that Iran’s Islamic Revo- Jordan needed a strong response, lutionary Guards Corps troops were especially since the proximity of within 70km of Jordan’s border and the Iranians from the Jordanian- Better days. -
'Principlists' Concentrate Attacks on Rohani
March 12, 2017 15 News & Analysis Iran ‘Principlists’ concentrate attacks on Rohani Gareth Smyth been critical of the 2015 nuclear agreement, the Joint Comprehen- sive Plan of Action (JCPOA), with London world powers. Hamidreza Baqaee, vice-presi- hortly after Hossein-Ali dent for executive affairs under Ro- Amiri, Iranian vice-presi- hani’s predecessor, Mahmoud Ah- dent for parliamentary af- madinejad, has already announced fairs, confirmed to the of- he would stand, although he could ficial IRNA news agency well be blocked by the watchdog Sthat President Hassan Rohani would Council of Guardians, which in 2013 seek a second term in the election, barred Ahmadinejad’s chief of staff, due May 19th, the president visited Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei. Sistan-Baluchestan, a south-eastern Other principlists have estab- province that polled heavily in his lished the Popular Front of Islamic favour in 2013. Revolution Forces (PFIRF) to agree Front-page pictures of Rohani ris- on a single candidate but are strug- ing for the national anthem along- gling to find a charismatic figure. side Abdul-Hamid Esmail-Zehi, Among the names bandied about perhaps Iran’s pre-eminent Sunni is Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, the cleric, conveyed a timely image to Tehran mayor who unsuccessfully Iranian voters of a president seeking ran for president in 2005 and 2013. reconciliation but standing firm in “Ghalibaf is the only potential big- an unstable world. name challenger,” said Farhi, “but Rohani’s election platform will he’s mired in a corruption scandal be continued international engage- of his own. The Popular Front of Helped by ment and cautious economic re- Islamic Revolution Forces is strug- divisions. -
Hunger on the Rise in Corporate America Try Where Five Years of a Bloody Campaign Led by the Regime in Riyadh Have Shattered the Health System
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 12 Pages Price 40,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 39th year No.13638 Monday APRIL 13, 2020 Farvardin 25, 1399 Sha’aban 19, 1441 Iran says investigating Afghanistan thanks Iran Can the Iranian Top Iranian scholar possibility of coronavirus for free services to refugees clubs ask players to Hassan Anusheh as biological warfare 3 during COVID-19 10 take pay cut? 11 passes away at 75 12 Tax income up 31% in a year TEHRAN — Iran’s tax revenue has as value added tax (VAT)”, IRIB reported. increased 31 percent in the past Ira- Parsa also said that the country has nian calendar year (ended on March gained projected tax income by 102 percent Hunger on the rise 19), Omid- Ali Parsa, the head of Iran’s in the past year, and put the average tax National Tax Administration (INTA), income growth at 21 percent during the announced. previous five years. Putting the country’s tax income at 1.43 The head of National Tax Administra- quadrillion rials (about $34.04 billion) in tion further mentioned preventing from tax the previous year, the official said, “We could evasion as one of the prioritized programs collect 250 trillion rials (about $5.9 billion) of INTA. 4 in corporate See page 3 Discover Ozbaki hill that goes down 9,000 years in history America TEHRAN — “Nine thousand years of his- Ozbaki hill indicate some kind of com- tory.” It’s a phrase that may seem enough mercial link between Susa in Khuzestan to draw the attention of every history buff and this in Tehran province,” according across the globe. -
The Hydrogeochemistry of Shallow Groundwater from Lut Desert, Iran the Hottest Place on Earth
Journal of Arid Environments 178 (2020) 104143 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv The hydrogeochemistry of shallow groundwater from Lut Desert, Iran: The hottest place on Earth T ∗ W. Berry Lyonsa, Susan A. Welcha, , Christopher B. Gardnera, Arash Sharifib, Amir AghaKouchakc, Marjan Mashkourd,e, Morteza Djamalif, Zeinab Matinzadehb, Sara Palaciog, Hossein Akhanib a School of Earth Sciences, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA b Halophytes and C4 Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, USA d Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, UMR 7209, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique(CNRS), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CP55, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France e University of Tehran, Faculty of Environment, Enghelab avenue Ghosd street, Tehran, Iran f Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Aix-MarseilleUniversité, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD - Technopôle del’environnement Arbois, Ave. Louis Philibert Bâtiment Villemin - BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence, France g Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avenida Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 16, 22700, Jaca Huesca, Spain ABSTRACT This paper presents the first shallow groundwater geochemical data from the Lut Desert (Dasht-e-Lut), one of the hottest places on the planet. The waters are Na–Cl + 2+ 2+ − 2− brines that have undergone extensive evaporation, but they are unlike seawater derived brines in that the K is low and the Ca >Mg and HCO3 >SO4 .In addition to evapo-concentration, the most saline samples indicate that the dissolution of previously deposited salt also acts as a major control on the geochemistry of these waters. -
You Shall Procreate: Attacks on Women's Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Iran
YOU SHALL PROCREATE ATTACKS ON WOMEN’S SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN IRAN Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2015 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom ©Amnesty International 2015 Index: MDE 13/1111/2015 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Billboard put up by Tehran Municipality in 2013 promoting large families. The motto in Persian reads “Spring will not arrive with one flower,” using flowers as a metaphor for children. ©IRNA amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6 2. BILL 446: A THREAT TO SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS............................... 17 Restricting access to modern contraception............................................................... -
Biotechnological Potentials of Seidlitzia Rosmarinus: a Mini Review
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (11), pp. 2429-2431, 3 June, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Mini Review Biotechnological potentials of Seidlitzia rosmarinus: A mini review M. R. Hadi Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch of Fars, Islamic Azad University, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]. Accepted 30 March, 2009 Seidlitzia rosmarinus is a perennial woody plant grown mostly along the banks of salt marshes and in soils with high saline water tables. This plant being a halophyte is very well adapted to grow in dry and salt affected desert soils. It plays an important role in both soil preservation and maintenance. The leaves, stems and seeds harvested in fall are used as fodder for livestock. Ashes remaining after burning the leaves and stems make a salt which is rich in sodium carbonate and is called "Karia" or "Caria" in Iran. When dissolved in water, Karia produces a soda also called "Ghalyab". The dried leaves powder is used as detergent for washing cloths and dishes. It has also many industrial applications such as dyeing, making soaps, pottery and ceramics among others. Besides being used as fodder in dry and desert regions, its "Ghalyab" can be used in biotechnological studies. Cultivation of S. rosmarinus plants in salt affected and dry farm lands for "Ghalyab" production has economical values. Key words: Seidlitzia romarinus, biotechnology, salt tolerance, soda, forage. INTRODUCTION Seidlitzia rosmarinus is a perennial woody plant well In Iran, the areas affected by mild and moderate salinity adapted to grow along the banks of salt marshes and are about 25.5 million hectares and those severely also in saline soils (Breckle, 1986; Hedge et al., 1997). -
Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Eshnan (Seidlitzia Rosmarinus) Shrubs to Exploring Their Ecological Interactions in Drylands of Central Iran
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1/W5, 2015 International Conference on Sensors & Models in Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, 23–25 Nov 2015, Kish Island, Iran MODELING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ESHNAN (SEIDLITZIA ROSMARINUS) SHRUBS TO EXPLORING THEIR ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN DRYLANDS OF CENTRAL IRAN Y. Erfanifard a*, E. Khosravi a a Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran - [email protected], [email protected] KEY WORDS: Eshnan, Dryland, Modelling, Spatial distribution, Summary statistic, Irano-Turanian zone. ABSTRACT: Evaluating the interactions of woody plants has been a major research topic of ecological investigations in arid ecosystems. Plant-plant interactions can shift from positive (facilitation) to negative (competition) depending on levels of environmental stress and determine the spatial pattern of plants. The spatial distribution analysis of plants via different summary statistics can reveal the interactions of plants and how they influence one another. An aggregated distribution indicates facilitative interactions among plants, while dispersion of species reflects their competition for scarce resources. This study was aimed to explore the intraspecific interactions of eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) shrubs in arid lands, central Iran, using different summary statistics (i.e., pair correlation function g(r), O-ring function O(r), nearest neighbour distribution function D(r), spherical contact distribution function Hs(r)). The observed pattern of shrubs showed significant spatial heterogeneity as compared to inhomogeneous Poisson process (α=0.05). The results of g(r) and O(r) revealed the significant aggregation of eshnan shrubs up to scale of 3 m (α=0.05). -
Page 15 Eral Group to Monitor the Ceasefire
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 16 Pages Price 10,000 Rials 38th year No.12772 Saturday FFEBRUARYEBRUARY 118,8, 22017017 Bahman 30, 1395 Jumada Al Awwal 20, 1438 Iran calls nuclear remarks Iran, Cuba fortify ties Iran clinch Persian Fajr Intl. Film Festival by Trump, Netanyahu with 12 cooperation Beach Soccer to honor ‘worthless’ 2 agreements 4 Cup title 15 Abbas Kiarostami 16 Astana talks Russian deputy create joint Iran beats U.S. in PM due in trilateral Tehran to ceasefire group Freestyle World Cup final negotiate Iran- POLITICS TEHRAN — The EAEU FTZ deskSyria peace talks in Kazakhstan’s Astana were concluded ECONOMY TEHRAN — Russian without a final statement, although Rus- deskFirst Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov will be in Tehran on sia declared the creation of a joint trilat- See page 15 eral group to monitor the ceasefire. February 21 to negotiate the creation of a Russia, Iran and Turkey have decid- free trade zone (FTZ) between Iran and ed to create a joint group as part of the the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Syria ceasefire monitoring mechanism Shuvalov will hold meetings with and tasked themselves with separating Iran’s industry minister Moham- terrorist groups from the armed oppo- madreza Nematzadeh and commu- sition. nications minister Mahmoud Vaezi to According to Alexander Lavrentyev, explore opportunities for expanding head of the Russian delegation and economic ties between Iran and Russia presidential special envoy for Syria, all as well, IRNA reported. the participants in Astana have taken On February 13, the Iranian ambas- a “constructive approach”.