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Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2020) 161: 71-79 BULLETIN OF THE MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION Foreign Edition 2020 161 ISSN : 0026-4563 E-ISSN : 2651-3048 CONTENTS Research Articles Uncertainty-volume fractal model for delineating copper mineralization controllers using geostatistical simulation in Nohkouhi Bulletin of the Mineral volcanogenic massive sul de deposit, Central Iran .................... Saeid HAJSADEGHI, Omid ASGHARI, Mirsaleh MIRMOHAMMADI, Peyman AFZAL and Seyed Ahmad MESHKANI 1 The role of Variscan shortening in the control of mineralization deposition in Tadaout-Tizi N’rsas mining district (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) ...............................................................Mustapha AIT DAOUD, Abdelha d ESSALHI, Mourad ESSALHI and Abdeslam TOUMMITE 13 2D inverse modeling of the gravity eld due to a chromite deposit using the Marquardt’s algorithm and forced neural network ..................................................................................Ata ESHAGHZADEH, Sanaz SEYEDI SAHEBARI and Alireza DEHGHANPOUR 33 Usability of PC-ash as lightweight aggregate in foam concrete ........................................................................................................................................Metin DAVRAZ and Şemsettin KILINÇARSLAN 49 Determination of the origin and recharge process of water resources in Salda Lake Basin by using the environmental, tritium and radiocarbon isotopes (Burdur/Turkey) ......... Simge VAROL, Ayşen DAVRAZ, Fatma AKSEVER, Şehnaz ŞENER, Erhan ŞENER, Bülent KIRKAN and Ahmet TOKGÖZLÜ 57 Investigation on geoarchaeological structure of ancient port cities in the Lycia region ......................................................................................................................................... Su Güneş KABAKLI and M. Erkan KARAMAN 71 Geochemical features and petrogenesis of Gökçeada volcanism, Çanakkale, NW Turkey Research and Exploration ..................................................Pnar ŞEN, Ramazan SARI, Erdal ŞEN, Cahit DÖNMEZ,, Serkan ÖZKÜMÜŞ and Şahset KÜÇÜKEFE 81 Geology and formation of Nevruztepe Fe-Cu skarn mineralization (Kayseri-Turkey) .......Deniz TİRİNGA, Bülent ATEŞÇİ, Ylmaz ÇELİK, Güvenç DEMİRKIRAN, Cahit DÖNMEZ, Aytekin TÜRKEL and Taner ÜNLÜ 101 Drilling and core data from the Gulf of Gemlik (SE Sea of Marmara): Holocene fauna and ora assemblages Engin MERİÇ, Zeki Ü. YÜMÜN, Atike NAZİK, Enis K. SAGULAR, M. Baki YOKEŞ, ...............................................................................................................Yeşim BÜYÜKMERİÇ, Ayşegül YILDIZ and Gülin YAVUZLAR 121 Precise monitoring of temporal topographic change detection via unmanned air vehicle ......................................................................................... Serkan KARAKIŞ, Umut Guneş SEFERCİK, Turhan BİLİR and Can ATALAY 151 An example study on re-evaluation of historical earthquakes: 1789 Palu (Elazğ) earthquake, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey .........................................................................................................................................................Mehmet KÖKÜM and Fatih ÖZÇELİK 157 Early Miocene seed like plant remain fossils and facies associations from the Nallhan district (NW Turkey) ...........................................................Muhittin GÖRMÜŞ, Yusuf Kağan KADIOĞLU, Baki Erdoğan VAROL and Muhammed Sami US 171 Utilization of pumice of Burdur region and zeolite of Bigadiç - Balkesir region as ne aggregate in construction materials .........................................................................................................................Özge BEYCAN TATANOĞLU and Niyazi Uğur KOÇKAL 191 http://bulletin.mta.gov.tr Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Notes to the Authors.............................................................................................................. 201 Investigation on geoarchaeological structure of ancient ports in the Lycia Region Su Güneş KABAKLIa* and M. Erkan KARAMANᵇ aAkdeniz University, Department of Geological Engineering, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus,07058, Turkey ᵇAkdeniz University, Department of Geological Engineering, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Turkey Research Article Keywords: ABSTRACT Phaselis, Sea level, Lycia, The effects of geological events that occurred in ancient times, on ancient cities are undeniably great, Aerial photographs, Satellite images. so geoarchaeology has become an important mutidisciplinary science. Using geological methods in archaeological researchs offers a much more comprehensive understanding for history. Today, the methods of remote sensing and geographical information systems have facilitated archaeological researches to a greater extent than before. In this study, Phaselis, Andriake and Patara ancient cities were investigated. In the research, help was obtained from satellite images as a method. By Received Date: 18.06.2018 comparing the ancient coast line and the modern coast line, it is tried to be understood to what extent Accepted Date: 16.02.2019 the sea level change occurred. 1. Introduction coastal changes were observed in the coastal delta bay of the Mediterranean Sea. On the other hand, Archeology and geology have important places in earthquakes and other natural phenomenas had the world cultural heritage. These two sciences work effects on delta formations. (Brückner et al., 2005). together to provide a wider perspective and provide Also, the river valleys always formed along weak access to get more information. Geoarchaeology is structural lines or in depressions, grabens, and half- a bridge between human history and the history of grabens (Kayan, 1999). the world. This allows us to better understand our planet. Many historical harbors were affected by the sea level changes in Anatolia in the ancient period. Troy, One of the most important reasons for these Ephesus, Miletus, Priene, Patara, Seleukeia Pieria are changes at sea level is the plate movements. The Teke important ones among these ports (Erol and Pirazzoli, Peninsula, which is the focus region of this research, 1992). Some of these historical harbors have been were highly affected by the changes in the sea level. flooded due to the rise of the sea level. On the other Also local differences in sediment structure and hand some historical harbors had been covered with coastal dynamics had caused different coastline curves alluviums. The most famous example is the Ephesus (Brükner et al., 2010). Ancient Port which is 8 km away from the coastline today. Strabon states that Priene was originally on Most extensive coastal changes in history have the shore but it is about 6.5 km far from the sea shore been observed in the delta regions of the Major today. Citation Info: Kabaklı, S.G., Karaman, M. E. 2020. Investigation on geoarchaeological structure of ancient ports in the Lycia Region. Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration, 161, 71-79. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.545547 * Corresponding author: Su Güneş KABAKLI, [email protected] 71 Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2020) 161: 71-79 Santorini volcanic eruption (Thera eruption) has Table 1- Important earthquakes in Lycia region. affected the eastern Mediterranean for over 1000 Date Center years during the Bronze Age. Probably volcanic 2nd Millenium BC Santorini (Volcanic Eruption) eruptions are the reasons of these severe earthquakes 199-198 BC Rhodes and tsunamis which have caused the disappearance 227 BC Rhodes of the Minoan civilization (Özdemir, 2004). Also, 23 Cibyra Thera eruption and following tsunami affected the 68 Myra western Turkey and Crete coasts (Minoura et al., 142 Rhodes 2000) (Figure 1). 344 Rhodes 417 Cibyra It has been determined that there have been 474-478 Rhodes different descending and ascending event sequences 515 Rhodes in close regions. For example while rises at the sea 530 Myra level are observed in the Mediterranean coasts, large decreases at the sea level are observed in Londos at 2. Material Method the island of Rhodes. In this study, Lycian Region was investigated In Lycia Region, earthquakes are the most important by using archaeological, geoarchaeological and reasons of sea level changes. A few earthquakes which geological data. In this direction, surface surveys were are known to have affected the region are listed at the carried out in Phaselis, Patara and Andriake ancient below table (Table 1) (Guidoboni et al., 1994). cities. Using Global Positioning System (GPS), contemporary coastlines and possible coastlines of Figure 1- Important ancient earthquakes. 72 Bull. Min. Res. Exp. (2020) 161: 71-79 ancient times have been documented. During these been settled much earlier. The pottery of the Tepecik surface investigations, the drone was flown above Acropolis located at the north of the settlement area Phaselis and aerial photographs were taken. At the and the finds of the mother goddess figurine as baked same time, a detailed underwater survey was conducted clay proves the existence of the settlement at the last in the Phaselis coastline and many underwater parts of phase of the Early Bronze Age (İşkan and Şahin, the buildings were photographed and documented. 2018). The structure of the region has been studied in Patara, which is the port of the famous Xanthos detail with the help of satellite images and geological Ancient City, is also the biggest port of Lycia Region. maps and the desired result has been achieved by Patara, the Ancient City port is now covered with using GIS programs (QGIS and ArcGIS). alluviums.
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