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Proceedings of the International Consultation on the Development of the ICRAF MPT-Germplasm Resource Centre Nairobi, 2-5 June 1992 The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) is an autonomous, non-profit organization with a mandate to initiate and support research on agroforestry. It is governed by a Board of Trustees with equal representation from developed and developing countries. Established in 1978, ICRAF has its headquar­ ters in Nairobi, Kenya. ICRAF is a member of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Financial support is provided by bilateral, multilateral and private donors. In 1993, these included the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), the African Development Bank, the Interna­ tional Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries (SAREC), the Ford Foundation, and the Governments of Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (UK), Belgium, Ireland, Spain, and the United States of America (USA). © International Centre for Research in Agroforestry 1993. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the copyright owner. Published by the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, United Nations Avenue, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya. Printed by English Press, P.O. Box 30127, Nairobi, Kenya ISBN 92 9059 1110 CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements Acronyms Introduction Keynote Consultation address Genetic conservation of world crops J.G. Hawkes 10 PART A: PAPERS PRESENTED Some notes on ICRAF's research agenda on multipurpose tree improvement and management F. Owino 24 Plans for the development of the MPT Germplasm Resource Centre at ICRAF D.J. Boland 39 FAO activities in forest genetic resources with special reference to multipurpose tree species O. Souvannavong 59 Activities of the DANIDA Forest Seed Centre B. Ditlevsen 66 Forest gene conservation and genetic testing efforts of the Camcore Cooperative W.S. Dvorak 70 CTFT/CIRAD activities: seed bank and biotechnologies H. Joly 75 CATIE's activities in germplasm conservation of MPT species in Central America R. Salazar 83 Framework for genetic resources in West Africa: the Sahelian Forest Seed and Tree Improvement Program RFSP/CILSS A. S. Ouedraogo 87 Australian Tree Seed Centre: a position paper for the ICRAF MPT Germplasm Resource Centre Consultation T. Vercoe 94 The Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association: research strategy relative to the CGIAR J. Chamberlain 102 Microbial symbionts for agroforestry resource, technology and development issues P.W. Singleton, H.H. Keyser & P.L. Nakao 110 Activities of the Oxford Forestry Institute J. Burley 119 Kenya Forestry Research Institute tree seed programme J.A. Odera 128 Fodder tree germplasm activities at ILC A J.Hanson 137 Multipurpose tree and shrub germplasm evaluation and conservation at IITA N.Q. Ng, D.O. Ladipo, B.T. Kang & A.N. Atta-Krah 144 Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs at CIAT C.E. Lascano, B.L. Maass & R.J. Thomas 157 Forest gene conservation and germplasm development: strategies proposed for the Center for International Forestry Research J.W. Tumbull 164 IBPGR and documentation of genetic resources in relation to multipurpose tree germplasm M.Perry 171 Tree improvement programme of the Multipurpose Tree Species Research Network R.J. Van Den Beldt & K. B. Awang 179 SADCC Tree Seed Centre Network Project J. Brouard 185 Potential for collaboration between the SADCC Regional Gene Bank and the ICRAF MPT-GRC T. Ruredzo & G.Y. Mkamanga 192 MPT germplasm conservation and management in the Philippines R.A. del Castillo & W.M. Carandang 197 EMBRAPA germplasm exploration and activities A.R. Higa 202 Additional papers tabled but not formally presented to the Consultation Leucaena germplasm and genetic improvement an update J.L. Brewbaker 204 The activities of the Regional Seed Centre (Zimbabwe) D. Rukuni & D.P. Gwaze 210 PART B: FINAL REPORT OF WORKING GROUPS Report of W.G. 1 and plenary discussion 216 Report of W.G.2 and plenary discussion 220 Report of W.G.3 and plenary discussion 223 PART C: LIST OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF PARTICIPANTS TO THE MPT-GRC CONSULTATION 2-5 June 1992 225 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The MPT-GRC Consultation was an important event in the development of the MPT-Germplasm Resource Centre at ICRAF. Many ICRAF staff members contrib­ uted to the preparation and smooth functioning of the Consultation. All helped enormously to maintain a pleasant atmosphere throughout and thus contributed significantly to its success. DANIDA is thanked for financially supporting the Consultation. Peter Cooper and especially Fred Owino are thanked for many vigorous and stimulating dis­ cussions in preparing the ICRAF position paper. Moving closer to the Consulta­ tion (both during and after) Geeta Patel and Thecla Lohay (Administration), Neena Sood (Travel), Zarina Dossa (Secretarial), and Julia Ndungu (conference support services) provided invaluable help of a highly professional nature. In preparing these proceedings 1 have been ably helped by Peninah Hassan and Zarina Dossa with typing and by Damary Odanga for the typesetting. A special thank you goes to our sister International Centres viz ILCA, IITA, CIAT, IBPGR, and CIFOR in coming to the Consultation and supporting our ideals as regarding MPT germplasm collection, evaluation, conservation and use. Two regional networks are also thanked viz F/FRED (Winrock) in Asia and T.S.C.N. (CIDA) in Southern Africa for providing funds so that their representatives could attend. ACRONYMS AFRENA Agroforestry Research Network for Africa - HULWA (Humid Lowlands of West Africa) - SALWA (Semi-Arid Lowlands of West Africa) - East Africa Afrena - Southern Africa Afrena CAMCORE Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative, USA CATIE Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza, Costa Rica CGIAR (CG) Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research - IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) Philippines - IITA (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture) Nigeria - IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) Italy - ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa) Ethiopia - ICRISAT (International Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics) India - CIFOR (Centre for International Forestry Research) - CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultural Topical) Colombia CILSS Comite Inter-Etats de Lutte Contre la Secheresse au Sahel - Centre National de Semences Forestieres, Burkina Faso CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia CTFT Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, France DFSC Danida Forest Seed Centre, Denmark EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Brazil FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (United Nations), Italy ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agroforestry ISTF International Society for Tropical Forestry ITE Institute for Terrestrial Ecology, United Kingdom IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organisations - SPDC (Special Program for Developing Countries) KARI Kenya Agricultural Research institute KEFRI Kenya Forestry Research Institute MPT-GRC Multipurpose Tree Germplasm Resource Centre NARS National Agriculture Research Services. This generic term is also used to imply National Forestry Research Services NFTA Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association, Hawaii, USA NifTAL Nitrogen Fixation by Tropical Agricultural Legumes, Hawaii, USA OFI Oxford Forestry Institute, United Kingdom SADCC Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference ZFRC Zimbabwe Forest Research Centre INTRODUCTION World attention on agroforestry in general and MPT germplasm in particular has increased substantially in recent years. This can be seen from the increase in literature and research on agroforestry and the development of new national forest seed centres in many developing countries. Among the many benefits claimed for trees on farmlands are wood for fuel and poles, leaves for soil improvement and fodder, edible fruits, and environmental benefits such as control of soil erosion and inputs of nitrogen through rhizobia. One feature rarely mentioned but very important is that of conservation of biodiversity whereby many MPTs (over 2000 species) are conserved either in situ or ex situ through use on farm lands. It is only a short step from trees on farms to conserving and dispensing germplasm from well established germplasm research centres. ICRAF, in taking a decision to develop a MPT-Germplasm Resource Centre, believed that it should consult widely with all major players to avoid any future duplication of effort. It is in this spirit that ICRAF management called together participants for the consultation. ICRAF was particularly aware that several sister CGIAR centres had interests in MPT germplasm. These were ILCA (fodder legumes in sub-saharan Africa), IITA (legumes for soil improvement and growth on difficult sites e.g. acid soils), IRRI (aquatic legumes), CIAT (legumes for fodder and acid soils), and ICRISAT (perennial pigeon peas). It would seem, therefore, that within the CGIAR system there could be a diffusion of effort. The CG therefore asked ICRAF to develop the MPT-GRC as a global focal point for MPT-germplasm within the CGIAR. With these thoughts in mind it was considered useful to involve sister CG centres in discussions, as early as possible. Invitations to participate were
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