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David Snoxell Interviewed by Malcolm Mcbain on Monday 19 November 2007 for the British Diplomatic Oral History Project

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David Snoxell Interviewed by Malcolm Mcbain on Monday 19 November 2007 for the British Diplomatic Oral History Project DOHP Interview Index and Biographical Details SNOXELL, David Raymond (b. 18 November 1944) Biographical details with (on right) relevant pages in the interview: Entry to FCO (UN Department), 1969 pp 2-6 FCO, Information Administration Department, 1971 p 6 Islamabad, 1973 pp 6-9 UK Mission to Geneva, 1976 pp 9-11 FCO, Republic of Ireland Department, 1981 pp 12-13 FCO, Economic Relations Department, 1983 pp 13-16 Director, British Information Services, New York, 1986 pp 16-20 Deputy Head, Drugs and International Crime Department, 1991 pp 20-23 Deputy Head of Southern Africa Department, FCO, 1994 pp 23-26 Ambassador to Senegal (and concurrently to Mali, Guinea, Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde), 1997 pp 26-33 High Commissioner, Mauritius, 2000 pp 33-42 Retired 2004 1 DAVID RAYMOND SNOXELL interviewed by Malcolm McBain on 19 November 2007 Copyright: David Snoxell MM May I start by asking you where you were educated, and how you entered the Diplomatic Service. Education, entry to the Diplomatic Service in 1969 and first posting DS I was educated at Bishop Vesey’s Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield. I then went to Bristol University to read history, and after that I went on to Aston University to do a postgraduate diploma in personnel management. I became a member of the Institute of Personnel Management. I then went as a volunteer to Senegal where I taught in a Lycée out in the bush in a place called Kaolack, and worked in a leprosy village. I came back to work for the Engineering Industry Training Board as a trainee trainer. I couldn’t stand that and saw an advert in the press for the Diplomatic Service. They were recruiting graduates who could offer at least one language and some experience after graduation. I entered at what was then Grade 9 in September 1969. My very first job within four days of joining the Service was to go to New York to be a reporting officer at the 24th United Nations General Assembly. That’s where my interest in self-determination and such issues begins, and ends. Reporting officer at 24th United Nations General Assembly, New York MM Tell me a bit more about the UN. DS As a reporting officer for three months at the General Assembly one’s job was actually to report on debates and resolutions, but also to support the Member of Parliament who was sent out to lead a particular delegation. In this case I was attached to Alan Williams who was the MP leading our delegation to the Committee of 24, which is the Decolonisation Committee of the UN and the Fourth Committee. At that time we had still 26 colonies, so Britain was very much in the forefront of all the discussions in the Committee of 24. 2 MM You were four days old in the Diplomatic Service at this stage, so what did you have to do as a reporting officer? What was your job? DS It was to report every evening to London on the day’s events; just taking a record basically and summarising it and trying to make sense of it, but it also led into quite a lot of connections and contacts with other delegations. I remember in particular I got quite close to the Maldivian delegation. A young fellow who was number two in that delegation told me one day that the East Europeans wanted to establish a radio transmitter on the Maldives islands and was Britain interested in trying to stop them? So I got involved quite rapidly at quite a high level, which included Denis Healey, in trying to persuade the Maldivians not to allow the East Germans into the Indian Ocean and we finally settled it by offering them a fishing trawler that cost £750,000. Our Overseas Development Department at the time found funds for this, and it fell to me some six months later, when this fellow came over to London, to meet him and take him to our cottage in North Wales, and chat to him about the possibilities. I actually agreed with him that if Britain gave the Maldive Islands this fishing trawler they would not allow the East Germans to set up a transmitter on their islands, and that’s exactly what happened. MM That’s a pretty impressive achievement for somebody who had only been in the Foreign Office for four days. Was there anyone between you and Alan Williams MP? DS Yes, there was the Counsellor for decolonisation. MM Somebody from the Foreign Office? DS Oh yes. He was quite well-known. I think his name was Shaw. And then there was Chancery, of course, and there were quite a number of budding first secretaries who went on to do great things and become ambassadors in big posts. I remember that within two days of arriving in New York I got a minute from Lord Caradon who was the Labour Minister and Permanent Representative at the UN and it simply said, from his Private Secretary, as the newest member of the UK Delegation to the General Assembly, would I draw up a new policy for him on Rhodesia. Now I had 3 literally been in the Service seven days at that point, and so I took it along to Chancery to say to the fellows very diffidently that I’d just received this minute from Lord Caradon. They looked at it and said not to worry about that, that he always sent the newest person in the delegation a request of this nature. They said that he had done that before and that I should leave it to them. I think it was Stephen Edgerton, who became Ambassador to Rome – who took it upon himself to write a new policy for Rhodesia. After three weeks I was called into Chancery and given the paper that they had written, and they said that I should just sign my name on the bottom and it was duly sent up to Lord Caradon. About three weeks later I got another minute back from his Private Secretary saying that Lord Caradon thanked me very much for the paper and thought it very interesting. It contained some stimulating ideas which he would be studying further, or words to that effect. So I was being thrown in at the deep end. Then Michael Stewart was Foreign Secretary at the time and he came out, as Foreign Secretaries always do, to give the UK speech at the beginning of the General Assembly, usually about the third week of September, and it fell to me to stand at the entrance to Lord Caradon’s apartment, where he was giving a reception for Michael Stewart, and to ask each Minister as they came through, what their name was, and introduce the Minister to Michael Stewart. Now, Lord Caradon of course knew who they all were, but they thought it was good training for me. I remember that Golda Meier came through, and I hadn’t a clue who she was. I didn’t know any of these faces at all. So I naturally leapt over to her and asked what her name was, and she told me in a bit of a huff, but then Lord Caradon intervened, seeing the difficulty I was in, saying: “Oh, Golda. Thank you so much for coming” - and did the introduction to Michael Stewart, who didn’t need any introduction anyway. But it was good experience. MM How long were you there? DS Three months. For the duration of the General Assembly. MM And then you came back to London? 4 Return to United Nations Department of the Foreign Office 1969 DS Then I came back to London and I was there for three years. During that time I was doing human rights, in what was called United Nations Economic and Social Department with Hilary King as Head of Department, and it fell to me to be the Secretary of a Committee that Sir Vincent Evans, our Legal Adviser, had set up in Whitehall. The purpose of the Committee was to bring Britain and its colonies into line with the UN International Covenants on Human Rights, which the UK was going to ratify. We had signed the Covenants but we had yet to ratify them. There were regular fortnightly or monthly meetings of Legal Advisers and so on around Whitehall, and one of the interesting jobs that came my way as a result of that was to round up all our dependent territories and instruct them to bring their legislation into line with some pretty complicated human rights requirements laid down in the Covenants. There was a deadline set for this about six months hence, by which point all the UK dependent territories had to be in line, or had to adopt legislation that would be in line with the requirements of the Covenants. I had to organise derogations on behalf of about half a dozen of them and these are still today at the back of the UK’s ratification of the Covenants. We had to do some very amusing derogations. I had to do one on behalf of the Pitcairn Islands which had a sort of enforced labour, because the only way that provisions could get into Pitcairn was if the people manned the longboats, so we had to derogate under the provision of enforced labour and allow the Pitcairn Islanders to continue their practice of rowing out to the ships to bring in the provisions, known as manning the longboats. Of course, that was their only means of survival, so it was in their interests.
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