DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Diplomacy for the Nuclear Age: the United States, the United Kingdom, and the End of the Cold War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Diplomacy for the Nuclear Age: the United States, the United Kingdom, and the End of the Cold War PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR THE NUCLEAR AGE: THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE END OF THE COLD WAR A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Anthony M. Eames, M.A. Washington, DC April 9, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Anthony M. Eames All Rights ReserveD ii PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR THE NUCLEAR AGE: THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE END OF THE COLD WAR Anthony M. Eames, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Kathryn Olesko, Ph.D., David Painter, Ph.D. ABSTRACT During the 1980s, public diplomacy campaigns on both sides of the Atlantic competed for moral, political, and scientific legitimacy in debates over arms control, the deployment of new missile systems, ballistic missile defense, and the consequences of nuclear war. The U.S. and U.K. governments, led respectively by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, and backed by a network of think tanks and political organizations associated with the New Right, sought to win public support for a policy of Western nuclear superiority over the Soviet bloc. Transatlantic peace movement and scientific communities, in contrast, promoted the language and logic of arms reduction as an alternative to the arms race. Their campaigns produced new approaches for relating scientific knowledge and the voice of previously neglected groups such as women, racial minorities, and the poor, to the public debate to illuminate the detrimental effects of reliance on nuclear weapons for Western society. The conflict between these simultaneously domestic and transnational campaigns transformed the nature of diplomacy and public diplomacy, in which official and unofficial actors engaged transnational publics in order to win support for their policy preferences, emerged as an important complement to state-based institutional channels of international relations. iii The public dimension of diplomacy that flourished in the “nuclear 1980s” altered American and British perceptions of the Cold War, creating space for Western leaders to respond positively to moves by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to deescalate and demilitarize the Cold War. The Thatcher government exploited Britain’s position as an essential conduit for U.S.-Soviet diplomacy and as an independent nuclear actor, even as elements of British society embraced disarmament ideas. Years of competing with the antinuclear movement for public support and the influence of the Thatcher government led Reagan and his second Secretary of State George Shultz, to engage with Gorbachev in efforts to end the arms race and the Cold War. Thus, although the antinuclear movement initially failed to prevent the deployment and development of new nuclear systems, it succeeded in creating a climate in which major nuclear arms reductions agreements could be reached. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my wife, Kelly. You have provided immeasurable love and support during the writing of this dissertation, and always. To my father, Marshall. You have been an ever present and able mentor throughout my journey in scholarship. Like most dissertations, my project has taken many twists and turns, and gone off in countless directions. My two advisors, Kathryn Olesko and David Painter, deserve more credit than I can give them for channeling my enthusiasm into a productive course. My studies with them have molded my ways of thinking about the nuclear phenomena that I grapple with in this dissertation. They have shown endless reserves of patience for dealing with my last second requests, unpolished drafts, fleeting intellectual curiosities, and my more well-conceived scholarly inquiries and approaches. Along the way they have modelled the roles of worlD-class scholar, generous teacher, and gracious mentor. I thank them for all of their intellectual, professional, and personal support. My dissertation committee members deserve a great deal of thanks. Toshi Higuchi’s insights have brought greater nuance to my work. He too has dealt patiently with my requests and nurtured my intellectual development as a mentor and friend. I thank him for treating me as a colleague and encouraging me to claim my authority as a historian. I am thankful for Bill Burr and Matthew Grant for going beyond the call of duty and serving as outside readers on my dissertation committee. Without Bill’s and Matthew’s truly outstanding contributions to the field of nuclear history I could not have conceived of my dissertation. Their willingness to join my committee and engage with my work represents the best qualities among professional historians. vii I am grateful for my colleagues and teachers who invested their time and energy in my work. Jackson Perry deserves praise for being my editor-extraordinaire, and for balancing his forthright criticisms with complimentary remarks. I appreciate Tom Foley, Chad Frazier, Thom Loyd, Andrew Ross, Kate Steir, and Cory Young for breaking from the demands of their own dissertations and lives to comment on my work. I thank Katherine Benton-Cohen, Alison Games, and Marty Sherwin for leading excellent seminars that led to this dissertation. Clark Alejandrino, Craig Harrington, Carolina Madinaveitia, Alex Pappas, and Sarah Robey deserve my gratitude for being sincere sounding boards and cheerleaders. I appreciate the financial support that made my dissertation research possible. The Truman Good Neighbor Foundation, American Institute of Physics, and the Georgetown University History Department and Graduate School generously funded research trips across the United States and United Kingdom. My family has made my pursuit of a Ph.D. possiBle. My wife, Kelly, has given so much of herself to keep me inspired, motivated, and focused throughout my graduate studies. Her support has been both unending and deeply needed. My mother, Angeles, and father, Marshall, instilled in me a love of learning. My mother taught me the persistence and resilience needed to complete a Ph.D. The professional and personal inspiration I draw from her experience grows more profound as I grow in my own career. My sisters, Luisa and Briana, have supported me in ways big and small during my pursuit of a Ph.D. Thanks to Bill, Maryann, Agnes, Pat, Archie, Brendan, Stephanie, Declan, Jason, Ross, and Woodley for keeping my spirits high throughout the many months of writing. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 The Nuclear 1980s and the End of the Cold War ........................................................... 9 Chapter Overview ......................................................................................................... 22 Chapter One: The Search for a Nuclear Strategy .............................................................. 29 A Retreat from Arms Control ...................................................................................... 34 Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces, British Influence, and the Public Opinion Problem ......................................................................................................................... 48 The Strategic Arms Reduction Talks – Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Connection .................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter Two: The British Nuclear Debate: Disarmament, Deterrence, and Democracy . 73 To Protest and Survive .................................................................................................. 75 Toolmakers for the Peace Movement ........................................................................... 91 Public Diplomacy and Protest: The Anglo-American Connection ............................. 100 Chapter Three: An Antinuclear Awakening ................................................................... 126 Elements of the Nuclear Peace Movement ................................................................. 128 Nuclear Politics and the 1982 MiD-term Election ....................................................... 153 Chapter Four: Rescuing the Deterrence Agenda ............................................................ 178 The Deterrence Debate and the 1983 British General Election ................................. 179 Moral Combat and U.S. Nuclear Politics .................................................................... 210 Arms Control, Public Diplomacy, and Congressional Bargaining ............................. 233 Chapter Five: Public Diplomacy and the Undoing of Arms Control .............................. 249 Walking Out ................................................................................................................ 250 A Stop to Strategic Arms Reduction Talks ................................................................. 266 v A Third Front: the Strategic Defense Initiative, the ABM Treaty, and the Search for Strategic Superiority .............................................................................................. 276 Chapter Six: A British View of the Strategic Defense Initiative and Nuclear Winter .. 321 Strategic Defense Initiative Skeptics and Science Diplomacy ................................... 322 The Special Nuclear Relationship at Work ................................................................. 337 Chapter Seven: Summit Diplomacy and the Battle for Public Opinion ........................ 361 Progress in Geneva ....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction
    Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction A Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of History Jacqueline Jones, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Joseph Brown July 2008 Copyright by Joseph Brown July 2008 ABSTRACT Ronald Reagan, SDI, and the Nuclear Freeze: Reordering the Ethics of Mass Destruction A master’s thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts by Joseph Brown By proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), Ronald Reagan co-opted the rhetoric of the nuclear freeze movement and reversed the relationship that had previously existed between himself and his anti-nuclear opponents. Prior to Reagan’s announcement of SDI, the nuclear freeze movement played the role of the ethically principled critic, denouncing Reagan for perpetuating the nuclear arms race and the policy of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). By adopting a proposal for space-based missile defenses, Reagan took on the role of the peace-loving nuclear critic. The Strategic Defense Initiative eclipsed the ethical appeals of the nuclear freeze movement, promising the eventual abolition of nuclear weapons. Ironically, the nuclear freeze movement found itself promoting MAD, because its own proposal to halt the arms race would do nothing to change the dynamic of offensive nuclear deterrence between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although Reagan openly advocated the expansion of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, he was able to justify his strategic modernization plan as a temporary measure, necessary to preserve America’s security until his missile shield could be put in place.
    [Show full text]
  • BDOHP Biographical Details and Index Lord Wright of Richmond
    BDOHP Biographical details and index Lord Wright of Richmond (28.06.31-06.03.20) - career outline with, on right, relevant page numbers in the memoir to the career stage. Served Royal Artillery, 1950–51 p 3 Joined Diplomatic Service, 1955 pp 2-3 Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies, 1956–57 pp 3-6 Third Secretary, British Embassy, Beirut, 1958–60 - Private Secretary to Ambassador and later First Secretary, pp 12-15 British Embassy, Washington, 1960–65 Private Secretary to Permanent Under-Secretary, FO, 1965–67 pp 10-11 First Secretary and Head of Chancery, Cairo, 1967–70 - Deputy Political Resident, Bahrain, 1971–72 - Head of Middle East Department, FCO, 1972–74 - Private Secretary (Overseas Affairs) to Prime Minister, 1974–77 pp 7-10, 25, 34-35 Ambassador to Luxembourg, 1977–79 pp 30-31 Ambassador to Syria, 1979–81 pp 30-33 Deputy Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 1982–84 - Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, 1984–86 pp 33-34, 36 Permanent Under-Secretary of State and Head pp 11-12, of Diplomatic Service, 1986–91. 16-18, 21, 30 Member, Security Commission, 1993–2002. - General comments on Middle East and United States, pp 6-8; political versus professional diplomatic appointments, pp 15-20; retirement age in diplomatic service, pp 21-23; recruitment, pp 23-25; Foreign Office image, pp 38-40; John Major, pp 40-42; leaking of restricted papers, pp 43-45. Lord Wright of Richmond This is Malcolm McBain interviewing Lord Wright of Richmond at his home in East Sheen on Monday, 16 October 2000. MMcB: “Lord Wright, you were born in 1931, educated at Marlborough and Merton College, Oxford, you did a couple of years’ national service in the Royal Artillery, and then joined the Diplomatic Service, presumably after going to Oxford, in 1965.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks
    32254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 19 7 6 before the Senate, I move, in accordance CONFffiMATIONS ject to the nominee's commitment to respond with the previous order, that the Senate to requests to appear and testify before any Executive nominations confirmed by duly constituted committee of the Senate. stand in adjournment until the hour of the Senate September 23, 1976: THE JUDICIARY 9 a.m. tomorrow. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND Howard G. Munson, of New York, to be The motion was agreed to; and at 8: 03 WELFARE U.S. district judge for the northern district p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor­ Susan B. Gordon, of New Mexico, to be an of New York. Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Vincent L. Broderick, of New York to be row, Friday, September 24, 1976, at 9 Welfare. U.S. district judge for the southern dtstrict a.m. The above nomination was approved sub- of New York. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE POLISH NATIONAL ALLIANCE Toastmaster, Felix Mika. attractive for advertisers to distribute their OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO Introduction of, Jack c. Hunter, Mayor, brochures unaddressed, as newspaper sup­ Youngstown, Ohio. • plements for instance, than to distribute Introduction of guests, Toastmaster. them separately to specific people or ad­ HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY Presentation of honoree, Mary C. Grabow­ dresses. OF 01!110 ski, Commissioner District 9, PNA. "Our members should be able to use pri­ Main speaker, Aloysius A. Mazewski, Presi­ vate delivery companies to deliver advertis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent PNA. ing material just as can be done for maga­ Thursday, September 23, 1976 Presentation of deb't~tantes, Mary C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, April 1961
    *r r" : • »■! S Journal Service Foreign POWERFUL WRITTEN SWARTZDid you write for the new catalogue? 600 South Pulaski Street, Baltimore 23. INCREDIBLE is understating the power of the burgeoning NATURAL SHOULDER suit line (for fall 1961-62 whose delivery begins very soon.) Premium machine (NOT hand-needled) it has already induced insomnia among the $60 to $65 competitors—(with vest $47.40) coat & pant Today, the success or failure of statesmen, businessmen and industrialists is often determined by their A man knowledge of the world’s fast-changing scene. To such men, direct news and information of events transpiring anywhere in the world is of vital necessity. It ivho must know influences their course of action, conditions their judgement, solidifies their decisions. And to the most successful of what’s going on these men, the new all-transistor Zenith Trans-Oceanic portable radio has proved itself an invaluable aide. in the world For the famous Zenith Trans-Oceanic is powered to tune in the world on 9 wave bands . including long wave ... counts on the new and Standard Broadcast, with two continuous tuning bands from 2 to 9 MC, plus bandspread on the 31,25,19,16 and 13 meter international short wave bands. And it works on low-cost flashlight batteries available anywhere. No need for AC/DC power outlets or “B” batteries! ZENITH You can obtain the Zenith Trans-Oceanic anywhere in the free world, but write — if necessary — for the name of your nearest dealer. And act now if you’re a man all-transistor who must know what’s going on in the world — whether you’re at work, at home, at play or traveling! TRANS-OCEAN: world’s most magnificent radio! The Zenith Trans-Oceanic is the only radio of its kind in the world! Also available, without the long wave band, as Model Royal 1000.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuclear Freeze Campaign and the Role of Organizers
    Week Three Reading Guide: The Nuclear Freeze campaign and the role of organizers The reading by Redekop has been replaced by a book review by Randall Forsberg, and the long rough- cut video interview of Forsberg has been replaced by a shorter, more focused one. We start the first day with a brief discussion of Gusterson’s second article, building on the previous long discussion of the first one. September 23, 2019 Gusterson, H. 1999, “Feminist Militarism,” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 22.2, 17; https://doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.17 This article focuses on the feminist themes Gusterson touched on in his earlier one. He begins restating the essentialist position and its opposition by feminists via “social constructedness.” Second-wave feminism started with Simone de Beauvoir’s idea that gender is constructed (“One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman”) and extending to post-structuralist Judith Butler, for whom gender is a performance, potentially fluid, learned and practiced daily based on cultural norms and discourses. Gusterson is intrigued by the idea of feminist militarism as performance. “If we weren’t feminists when we went in [to the military], we were when we came out.” What was meant by this? How does the military culture described in the article reflect gender essentialism? On p. 22, Gusterson argues that the women’s movement and the peace movement “remake their mythic narratives… through the tropes of revitalization.” What does he mean by this? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Is feminist militarism feminist? Does your answer depend on whether you adopt essentialist or constructivist reasoning? Wittner, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Giving
    ANNUAL GIVING 2016-2017 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT GIVING IN REVIEW Dear Generous Benefactors, 2016 - 2017 It is my privilege to report on a few highlights of what your generosity enabled us to July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017 accomplish this year. The 2016-17 annual giving year saw a few records set and many enhancements to the educational experience of our Dons. The Loyola Fund Unrestricted & Designated $2,227,693 33% I continue to be humbled by the extraordinary generosity that you bestow upon the Endowed Scholarship Gifts $1,562,963 49% Loyola Blakefield community. Leading the way in support of our mission not only Capital Projects Support $523,444 The Annual Fund invests in the formation of our Dons, but inspires others to follow in your charitable 11% Blue & Gold Auction - Net Proceeds $386,718 Endowed Scholarships footsteps. 7% Capital Projects Support Let’s continue to partner with one another to create more opportunities for our Dons $4,700,818 Blue & Gold Auction to grow in their faith, conquer intellectual pursuits, and learn the value of serving others. With gratitude, ALUMNI GIVING Mr. Anthony I. Day P ’15, ’19vt month TOTAL GIFTS* President JUNE OF ALL ALUMNI 17.4% MADE A GIFT TOP 5 CLASSES $4.7 participation dollars raised million 1953 71% 1978 $352,140 1947 & 1954 42% 1982 $177,599 1949 & 1955 38% 1963 $158,580 RECORD 1960 35% 1964 $121,922 LOYOLA FUND 1952 & 1965 33% 1957 $107,515 $2.6 million BREAKING campaignFAMILY GIVING YEAR FY FY FACULTY, STAFF, AND BOARD THANK YOU TO ALL OF OUR 2016 48% 55% 2017 OF TRUSTEES GIVING DONORS AND VOLUNTEERS PERCENT PARTICIPATION BY CLASS PARTICIPATION CLASS OF 2017 43% CLASS OF 2021 62% * Every effort has been made to include all donors to Loyola Blakefield whose gifts were CLASS OF 2018 47% CLASS OF 2022 73% received between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
    Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO and the Frameworks of Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
    NATO and the Frameworks of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament: Challenges for the for 10th and Disarmament: Challenges Conference NPT Review Non-proliferation of Nuclear and the Frameworks NATO Research Paper Tim Caughley, with Yasmin Afina International Security Programme | May 2020 NATO and the Frameworks of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Challenges for the 10th NPT Review Conference Tim Caughley, with Yasmin Afina with Yasmin Caughley, Tim Chatham House Contents Summary 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Background 5 3 NATO and the NPT 8 4 NATO: the NPT and the TPNW 15 5 NATO and the TPNW: Legal Issues 20 6 Conclusions 24 About the Authors 28 Acknowledgments 29 1 | Chatham House NATO and the Frameworks of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Summary • The 10th five-yearly Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (the NPT) was due to take place in April–May 2020, but has been postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. • In force since 1970 and with 191 states parties, the NPT is hailed as the cornerstone of a rules-based international arms control and non-proliferation regime, and an essential basis for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament. But successive review conferences have been riven by disagreement between the five nuclear weapon states and many non-nuclear weapon states over the appropriate way to implement the treaty’s nuclear disarmament pillar. • Although the number of nuclear weapons committed to NATO defence has been reduced by over 90 per cent since the depths of the Cold War, NATO nuclear weapon states, and their allies that depend on the doctrine of extended nuclear deterrence for their own defence, favour continued retention of the remaining nuclear weapons until the international security situation is conducive to further progress on nuclear disarmament.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion of Science-Fantasy Cults Martin Gardner
    Summer 1987 Vol. 7, No. 3 .40,11 Was the Universe Created? Victor Stenger The New Religion of Science-Fantasy Cults Martin Gardner The Relativity of Biblical Ethics Joe Edward Barnhart Plus "Pearlygate" Morality • New Directions for Humanism • Personal Paths to Humanism with Joseph Fletcher, Anne Gaylor, Rita Mae Brown, Ashley Montagu, and Mario Bunge • Tyranny of the Creed by John Allegro _- FreeC SUMMER 1987, VOL. 7, NO. 3 ISSN 0272-0701 Contents 3 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 9 PERSPECTIVE 10 ON THE BARRICADES 61 IN THE NAME OF GOD 62 CLASSIFIED 6 EDITORIALS "Pearlygate" Morality Paul Kurtz / New Directions for Humanism / Catholic Consistency at Any Cost Tom Flynn 12 The Tyranny of the Creed John Allegro BELIEF AND UNBELIEF AROUND THE WORLD 14 Japan and Biblical Religion Richard L. Rubenstein 21 Letter to a Missionary Ronn Nadeau ARTICLES 22 The Relativity of Biblical Ethics Joe Edward Barnhart 25 Xenoglossy and Glossolalia Don Laycock 26 Was the Universe Created? Victor Stenger 31 Science-Fantasy Religious Cults Martin Gardner PERSONAL PATHS TO HUMANISM 36 A Secular Humanist Confession Joseph Fletcher 37 Free from Religion Anne Nicol Gay!or 38 Surrender to Life Rita Mae Brown 40 As if Living and Loving Were One Ashley Montagu 42 Growing Up Agnostic in Argentina Mario Bunge 46 The Case Against Reincarnation (Part 4) Paul Edwards BOOKS 54 The Cult of Objectivism Nathaniel Branden 55 Propaganda Before Education Gordon Stein 56 Critiquing the Old Unities Robert Basil Rita Mae Brown's and Ashler Montagu's articles are adapted by permission from The Courage of Conviction, edited by Philip Berman, published in hardcover by Dodd, Mead, and Company and in paperback by Ballantine Books.
    [Show full text]
  • Garter Banners
    Garter Banner Location (updated October 2017) Living Knights and Ladies of the Order are shown in bold Sovereigns of the Order 1901 - Edward VII - The Deanery, Windsor Castle 1910 – George V – above his tomb, Nave of St George’s Chapel 1936 – George VI - above The Queen’s stall, St George’s Chapel Ladies of the Garter 1901 - Queen Alexandra – the Deanery, Windsor Castle 1910 - Queen Mary – above her tomb St George’s Chapel 1936 - Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother – Clarence House 1994 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands 1958 – Queen Juliana of the Netherlands 1979 – Queen Margrethe of Denmark – St George’s Chapel 1989 – Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands – St George’s Chapel 1994 – HRH The Princess Anne (Princess Royal) – St George’s Chapel 2003 – HRH Princess Alexandra – St George’s Chapel Companions of the Order Queen Elizabeth II appointments 1009 – King Felipe VI of Spain - not yet in place 1008 – Sir David Brewer – St George’s Chapel 1007 – Lord Shuttleworth – St George’s Chapel 1006 – Baron King of Lothbury – St George’s Chapel 1005 – Baroness Manningham-Buller - St George’s Chapel 1004 - Lord Stirrup – St George’s Chapel 1003 – Lord Boyce – St George’s Chapel 1002 – Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers – St George’s Chapel 1001 – Sir Thomas Dunne – St George’s Chapel 1000 – HRH Prince William of Wales – St George’s Chapel 999 - Lord Luce – St George’s Chapel 998 – HRH The Earl of Wessex – St George’s Chapel 997 – HRH The Duke of York – St George’s Chapel 996 – Sir John Major – St George’s Chapel 995 – Lord Bingham of Cornhill – St
    [Show full text]
  • The BG News April 2, 1971
    Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU BG News (Student Newspaper) University Publications 4-2-1971 The BG News April 2, 1971 Bowling Green State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news Recommended Citation Bowling Green State University, "The BG News April 2, 1971" (1971). BG News (Student Newspaper). 2578. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/2578 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in BG News (Student Newspaper) by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Bell quits A.D. post; Young in By Harold Brown said, "Back in December it was a toss-up in my mind bet- mosphere. I expect to teach through athletics, not merely Sport Editor ween Bob Bell and Dick Young. Dick was strongly entertain," he said. recommended by a special screening committee at that Young, 39, received his B.A. from Ohio State in 19M and In an unexpected move, Bowling Green State University time and I was strongly impressed with his approach to the his M.A. in education, also from OSU. in 1959. He is has its second Athletic Director in 90 days- athletic program and his own personal characteristics of currently working on his doctoral degree here at the Richard A. Young, head Falcon baseball coach, was stability, integrity, and dedication to a balanced athletic University. appointed to fill the position vacated by the resignation of program in the University." He joined the Falcon coaching staff in 1959 as an Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The S.A. Institute of International Affairs to Be
    THE S.A. INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS TO BE REMOVED Africa 1979: Myths, Miracles and Mirrors LI' Peter CJ. Vale After Brehznev: Who and What? Robin Knight The Arabs in Africa: Islamic Philanthropy or Petro-Colonialism? Philip Frankel A Constellation of States: Regional Co-operation in Southern Africa Deon Geldenhuys and Denis Venter Book Review Namibia Old and New: Traditional and Modem Leaders in Ovamboland by Gerhard Totemeyer VOL 3 NO 3 DEC 1979 DIE SUID-AFRIKAAJVSE INSTITIM Wi IMTERNASEOMALE AAMGELEEPJTHEDE THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE INST1TUUTVAN INTERNASIONALE AANGELEENTHEDE THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (fountted/geslig: 1934) NATIONAL OFFICE-BEARERS/NASIONALE AMPSDRAERS CHAIRMAN/VOORSITTER Dr Leif F.geland DEPUTY CHAIRMAN/ADJUNK-VOORSITTER Gideon Rons, Sr VICE-CHAIRMEN/VISE-VOORSITTERS H.F. Oppenheimer Dr C.B. Strauss and all Chairmen of the Institute's Branches ex efficio en alle Voorsitters van die Instituut se Takke ampshalwe (Cape Town/Kaapstad, Witwatersrand, Natal, Eastern Province/Oostclike Frovinsie, Pretoria, Stelienbosch, Border/Grens, Transkei and/en SWA/Namibia) TREASUREH/TESOURIER J.C. Williams DIRECTOR/DIREKTEUR John Barratt INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BULLETIN Published by the South African Institute of Internationa] Affairs and supplied free of charge to members. Three issues per year. Subscription rate for non-members R.5,00 per annum (surface mail); R7,00 per annum (overseas airmail). Price per copy R.1,50 plus postage. Uitgegee deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut van Internasionale Aangeleemhede en gratis a«n lede verskaf. Drie uitgawes per jaar. lntekengeld vir nic-lede R5.00 perjaar (landpos); R7,00 per jaar (buitelandse lugpos).
    [Show full text]