VOL. XLIV ST. OLAF COLLEGE, NORTHFIELD, MINNESOTA, Tuesday, April 14, 1931 NO. 24 Group Singing of Lorado Taft, Famous Sculptor, Son 50 Delegates of Messenger Awarded Ail-American Rating Dana Choir Found Of Midwest, to Speak Here April 24 Pi Kappa Delta By National Scholastic Press Association Lorado Taft, one of the foremost dently he studied for five years. In Worthy of Praise Hold Meet Here J A"*:*** sculptors in America, will lecture at January, 1886, he opened a studio in Scores 795 Out of Possible where he has since resided, Mortvedt is Awarded Evenly Balanced Voices Found the college gymnasium Friday eve­ St. Olaf Host to 5 Minnesota Italian Diplomat to 1000; December 9, 16 with the exception of occasional trips Appear at Carleton In Chorus Directed by ning, April 24. The eminent sculptor to Europe, irwluding Italy and Greece. Colleges; Speech Contests Harvard! Scholarships Issues Judged. G. J. Malmin. is appearing here as the third number As instructor in modeling and later Held. of the college music and lecture as lecturer, Mr. Taft has been con­ English Professor, On Leave, Honor is Highest Awarded Students Achieve in Field course. nected with the Art Institute of Chi­ Harold Monson Wins First To Study Abroad By N. S. P. A. Critical Service Of A Capella Music Mr. Taft was born at Elmwood, cago for thirty-five years. He is In Men's Extempore Contest in 1860. He is a graduate of also a non-resident professor of art This Summer. Student Opinion Articles are at the University of Illinois. the University of Illinois, where his Haroldyn Lober, Hans Lium Robert Mortvedt, assistant profes­ Lacking, Journalistic Bach Choral Opens Program; Among his best known professional father was professor of geology. As sor of English, who is studying for 'Precision of Attack' works are "The Blind," a group of Appear on Program Critics Note. a child he often amused himself by his doctorate at Harvard university, Marks Rendition. writing stories and illustrating them, figures inspired by Maeterlinck's Friday Afternoon. has been awarded two scholarships by Scoring 795 out of a possible 1000 but his interest in sculpture began drama of the same name; the "Col­ the university. The Dexter scholar­ points in the eleventh All-American By Margaret Minge. Approximately fifty representatives when, as a boy of thirteen, he was umbus Memorial Fountain," at Wash­ Newspaper Critical service conducted A large and appreciative audience of member schools of the upper Mis­ ship for $800 is for the summer, and permitted to help a Belgian plaster ington, D. C.; the "Solitude of the will make it possible for. Mr. Mor­ by the National Scholastic Press as­ was in attendance at St. John's Luth­ sissippi province of Pi Kappa Delta, worker repair a collection of plaster Soul," at the Art Institute of Chi­ tvedt to spend the vacation period in sociation, the Manitou Messenger has eran church last Saturday evening national forensic fraternity, attended casts which had reached the univer­ cago, and the "Fountain of the Great England where he expects to spend been awarded the All-American honor to hear the concert presented by the the convention which met on the cam­ sity of Illinois badly damaged in Lakes," adjoining; the "Washington as much time as possible at the Brit­ rating, the highest rating given by Dana college a capella choir, under pus last Friday, April 10. transit. Later came the discovery of Monument," at Seattle, Washington; ish Museum. According to present the critical service. the direction of Gunnar J. Malmin. Member colleges and universities modeling in clay, and throughout his "Blackhawk" and "Ogle County Sol­ plans Scotland and France will also be 'The issues of December 9 and 16 This choir of forty-six members com­ are Macalester and St. Thomas col­ college course he carried on his model­ diers' Memorial," at Oregon, Illinois; visited. The Thayer scholarship for were judged in the contest, and the prises about one third of the student leges and Hamline university, all of ing. the "Thatcher Memorial Fountain," $700 will be used at the university results were received yesterday by body of the seminary, college, and St. Paul; Augsburg college of Minne­ In 1880, after his graduation, Mr. at , Colorado, and the recently next September as he continues his Miss Serena Loftness, '31, former ed­ academy departments of Dana college, apolis; Gustavus Adolphus of St. Pe­ Taft went to Paris where in the erected "," on the study for his degree. itor of the Messenger. Blair, Nebraska, and it is to be praised ter; St. Olaf; Coe college of Cedar Ecole des Beaux Arts and indepen- Midway Plaisance, Chicago. Nearly 900 college, university, and for its achievement in a capella sing­ Rapids, Iowa; Upper Iowa university high school newspapers were judged ing during the two years in which Mr. of Fayette, Iowa; and Dubuque uni­ in the critical service. There were 226 Malmin has directed the group. The versity of Dubuque. None of the Iowa Count Sforza to more publications than were entered program, though somewhat lengthy, schools were represented. 1931-32 LD.R. Cabinet Installed at in 1930, and as a result the judges was well arranged, consisting of five Harold Monson, '32, speaking on the have been more critical, and scores groups—two of which included num­ "Essential Differences Between So­ Talk at Carleton Count Carlo Sforza, who will ad­ are universally lower. bers arranged by Mr. Malmin for Services; Official Reports Are Read cialism and Communism as a Social dress the International Relations con­ the girls' chorus and the men's chorus. Movement" won first place in the Every newspaper entered in the ference at Carleton Saturday evening. Saturday Evening National Scholastic Press association A choral by Bach, "Now Let Every Lillian Berg, '32, Named New President; Lola Rosholt, '31, men's extempore at the evening ses­ Tongue Adore Thee" was the opening sion of the convention. contest is carefully graded with the aid of the association score book, number of the program. Evenly bal­ Is Retiring Head of Organization. Compares Socialism, Communism. Italian Diplomat is One of Sev­ which is sent to the publication staff anced voices, precision of attack and "Socialism seeks to work through Resurrection of eral Distinguished Speakers as a guide for future issues. distinct phrasing marked the rendit- A number of the members also the existing order," said Mr. Monson, The activities of the Lutheran at International Relations Consider Special Problems. tion of this song. The basses were gave gifts to Christmas sisters of the "while communism demands the use Daughters of the Reformation for the Critics judging the publications take heard to good advantage in the choir's Lutheran Rescue home in Minneapolis. of force." Socialism has a national Conference at Carleton Fri­ school year 1930-31 culminated in the Christ is Theme into consideration as much as pos­ next offering "Legend" by Tschai- Old clothes have at intervals been sent scope and communism an interna­ day, Saturday. candle-light service for the installa­ sible the special problems which con­ kowsky. "O Bread of Life From to the Lutheran Welfare society. tion of the new cabinet on March 26 tional, he declared. front each publication. The purpose Heaven," arranged by F. Melius Cabinet Officers Listed. Of League Talk Among the several distinguished in the Mohn hall parlors. At that The other phases of socialism dis­ of the National Scholastic Press as­ Christiansen and another Russian The outgoing cabinet was composed speakers who will appear at the two- time the official reports for the year cussed during the course of the men's sociation is not to create inter-school composition, "No Other Guide Have of Erma Hertzfeldt, '31, president; Axel Blom, '32, Tells Histori­ day regional international relations which were read showed that $706.17 extempore were "The Truth of the So­ rivalry, but provide an agency by We" by Tschesnokoft completed the Lola Rosholt, '31, vice-president; Ing- conference to be held at Carleton were handled. From this amount $477 cialistic Indictments," "The Prospect cal Influences of Resurrec­ which staffs may be aided in giving first group. eborg Haavik, '33, secretary; Lillian college next Friday and .Saturday, was given to the various church activ­ of Communism as an International their school a worth-while publication Simplicity Dominant. Berg, '32, treasurer, and the following tion—Jacob Stolee, 31, is April 17 and 18, is Count Carlo Sfor­ ities and institutions. Movement," "The Achievements of and to help the staffs solve their prob­ The girls' chorus sang the second committee chairmen: Amanda Folke- Second Speaker. za, Italian diplomat and one time Last fall a new system was intro­ Communistic Russia," and "The Sig­ lems. group which consisted of a Celtic folk­ duced whereby the three principal L. stad, '33, missions; Hertha Hardwig, secretary of state for foreign affairs. nificance of Karl Marx." Lynn Beyer "The resurrection of Christ has Effective coverage of all news song "Invocation Hymn," "Agnus D. R. projects were handled by the '33, self denial; Alice Berg, '31, thank Counf Sforza has been prominent in of Hamline won second place speaking granted peace, joy, comfort, and con­ sources was ranked "good" with de­ Dei," from the German, 1540, and several classes individually. The offering; Helen Hanson, '31, social international affairs for over twenty on "The Truth of the Socialistic In­ fidence to millions of people. It has ficiencies in covering administrative, "Thy Word, O Lord." Simplicity change was one of simplification. service; Laila Hegg, '32, social; Fern years and has written and lectured dictments." revolutionized the world," stated Axel academic, and personal news. Bal­ clarity, and sweetness of tone char­ Therefore every member was asked to Sigmund, '31, publications; Emma widely on international problems. Blanche Benton of Hamline won first Blom, '32, in his talk at Luther ance of news content among various acterized their singing. The group contribute to the thank offering fund Stubkjaer, '32, poster; Bernice Eide, Beginning his career in 1909 as place in the women's extempore, League last Sunday evening. sources was scored "excellent." would have been more interesting, which is given to the Christian educa­ '33, conference; Laurentia Donhowe, Councillor in London Count Sforza speaking on the subject, "Movies as "Easter Sunday was the time wlien Sport Stories Rank High. however, had there been more varia­ tion department of the Lutheran '31, devotional; Esther Peterson, '33 was soon promoted to the rank of an Educational Factor," and Myrtle the foundation for all Christian be In the feature story writing, it was tion in dynamics. church; to the self denial fund which Mohn hall devotional. Italian Minister to China. He was re­ Maxwell of Macalester, second, with liefs was laid. It laid the road open indicated that the possibilities of such "Gloria Patri," by Palestrina, was is presented to the charity board of The following officers and commit­ called at the outbreak of the war and the subject, "Movies as a Menace to for salvation," the speaker continued. stories has not been adequately de­ interesting in its achievement of for­ the church; and to the missions which tee chairmen comprise the cabinet for was made the diplomatic representa­ True Recreation." The other contest­ Some of the influences the resurrec veloped, but there was no criticism of tissimo and pianissimo echo effects. is divided between home and foreign 1930-31: president, Lillian Berg, '32; tive for Italy on the Serbian and ants were Harohjyn Lober, '32, of St. tion has had in history on men and the skill displayed in the writing of This was followed by "The Presenta­ vice-president, Gladys Hjortholm, '32; Macedonian fronts. After the war he missions according to need. Olaf and Margaret Edwins of Gus­ nations were pointed out by Mr. the stories. Sport stories wore ranked tion of Christ in the Temple" by tne secretary, Kathleen Andersen, '34; took a prominent part in treaty nego­ Approximate Increase $154 tavus Adolphus. Blom. The apostles and disciples "excellent." German composer Eccard. A climax Under the new plan the freshmen, treasurer, Gertrude Johnson, '33; mis tiations which consummated in the went out to preach in Christ's name. The editorials and editorial page in enthusiasm and spirit was reached only, gave thank offerings, the sopho­ sions, Evelyn Olsgard, '33; self denial, Gustavus Wins. settlement of the Fium and Dalmatia Paul was converted and became columns rated "good." A lack of in the "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" at mores contributed to the self denial Patricia Egtvedt, '32; thank offering In the peace oratorical contest, controversy. In 1919 he entered the the greatest missionary of all times. student opinion articles was noted by the close of "Christmas Carol," a fund, and the juniors and seniors to Lenore Lunde, '33; social service, El­ Harold Levander of Gustavus Adol­ Italian senate and soon became sec­ Peter was crucified head down be the judges. composition based on an old French the mission project. The total which vira Gullixson, '32; social, Charlotte phus was named winner with the ora­ retary of state for foreign affairs. cause he felt he was not worthy to die Five ratings are made by the All- melody. The singers threw aside all showed a marked increase over last Loseth, '33; publications, Edna Hauge, tion, "Date Kernels." Anthony Ste- When the Giollitt-Sforza cabinet fell, in the same manner as Jesus. American Newspaper Critical service, restraint and brought this number to year was approximately $154. Of this '34; poster, Olive Ringen, '34; con­ fano of St. Thomas, with the topic, Count Sforza was made ambassador Gave Luther Courage. the All-American honor rating, su­ a jubilant close. The final number of the freshmen contributed $76 in thank ference, Lois Jensen, '34; devotional, "The Christian Principles of Peace," to France from which post he resigned The resurrection gave Luther cour­ perior; first class honor rating, ex­ the group was "O Praise Ye The Lord offerings, the sophomores $33 in self Esther Larsen, '34; Mohn hall devo won second place. Hans Lium, '32, with the advent of Fascism. age to make his stand at the Diet of cellent; second class honor rating, of Heaven" by the modern Russian denial contributions, and the juniors tional, Gertrude Harrison, '32. represented St. Olaf, Myrtle Maxwell, Worms, Mr. Blom declared. It gave the Speaks at Dinner. good; third class honor rating, fair; composer, Arensky. and seniors $54 in mission offerings. Macalester, and A. Quam, Augsburg. pilgrim fathers courage to cross the Count Sforza will be the principal and fourth class, in which no honors Aside from these three principal Subjects for the women's extem­ Artistic Finish Displayed. ocean and go into an unknown land speaker at the dinner Saturday eve­ are made. "Te Deum" by Sibelius, and "Lo, projects, the L. D. R. was able pore were selected by; Anne D. Blitz, German Inventor where they might believe as they ning. This event will also end the Last year was the first time the How a Rose E'er Blooming" by Prae- through its membership dues and sev­ dean of women at the University of wished. conference. Reservations for the din­ Messenger had been entered in the torius were presented by the men's eral money making undertakings to Minnesota, and for the men by Jere­ Jacob Stolee, '31, discussed the ner should be made with either Miss contest. chorus as the fourth group. Of these give $75 to the Lutheran Welfare so­ miah S. Young, professor of political Uses Grad's Device feeding of thej five thousand in the Karen Larson or Mr. Malcolm Ros­ the latter displayed the more artistic ciety in Minneapolis; $50 to the Luth­ science at th(> same university. Pro­ wilderness. "He was popular that holt before Friday morning. eran Deaconess home in Chicago, $50 fessor Frank M. Rarig, head of the finish in interpretation. Principle of Invention Made day; the people wanted to make him The conference will officially begin Commerce Club to The choir was at its best in "As to the Shishmaref Mission in Alaska, speech department at the university, By L. O. Grondahl, 04, is king but Jesus would not accept any Friday morning at a special chapel. Torrents in Summer," by Elgar. The this latter has been of vital interest to was judge. earthly kingship. The same people At that time Charles Bunn of Hear Guest Speaker general mood was one of calm and the L. D. R. organizations of the Adopted by Scientist. came to him again the next day St. Paul will speak on some aspect repose giving an excellent opportunity church for several years for the mis­ when he was on the other side of the of international relations. Friday for delicate shading and effects in sion receives practically its entire in­ Dr. Bruno Lange of the Kaiser Wil- Former President of Club Will Coeds to Apply sea of Galilee. Jesus saw they had afternoon there will be some round intonation. The other numbers of this come from these groups; $30 to the helm institute, Berlin, uses principles Discuss Credit Problems come for food. He told them not to table discussion on recognition of group were "Today There Is Ringing" Russian Lutheran seminary in Lenin­ of an invention made by Dr. 1.. labor for the food that perishes, but Soviet Russia, besides a debate be­ April 1 5. and " Praise to the Lord" by Christ­ grad, Russia, and $20 to the Indian O. Grondahl, '04, in a recent experi­ To Societies Soon for the bread of life, the salvation tween four delegates on the question, iansen and a benediction "The Lord Mission school in Wittenberg, Wiscon­ ment to transform sun rays into elec­ Resolved that the United States Kenneth Christiansen, '27, credit trical energy. By this invention it is given by God to believers in Christ's Bless You and Keep You" by Lutkin. sin. should accept the U. S. S. R. manager of the Brooks Parlor Fur­ predicted that electrical power will Last Open Sessions of Year redemption." Money for Roses. Miss Jones on Program. niture company, Minneapolis, will Of the remaining money $24 was supplant coal as a fuel. Set for April Elnor Dahl Plays. speak at the meeting of the Com­ Dr. Grondahl's invention is com­ Elnor Dahl, '34, played the prelude. Friday evening, Miss Amy Hemin- Lyceum to Present left in the treasury for the purchase 18, 23. way Jones, national executive sec­ merce club Wednesday evening, April prised of a copper oxide sandwich Harold Obrestad, '33, led in devotion, 15, at 7:15 o'clock in Room 2 of the of the roses for the freshmen next retary of international relations clubs, converter cell. Dr. Bruno used a sil­ and Henry Christraan, '34, sang a Old Main. His topic will be the credit American Folk Play fall. It has been a custom of long Opportunity for all freshmen and will discuss the administrative affairs ver selenide sandwich cell. This it is vocal solo. Following Mr. Blom's problems of an establishment such standing that each new girl shall re­ upperclass women to complete their of college clubs of this type. Satur­ claimed gives 50 to 150 times as much talk, Hilman Amundson, '33, played as the one with which he is connected. ceive a rose on her first Sunday at elegibility for application to senior so­ day morning the international eco­ Theatre Guild Offers 'Green college. The balance after all bills current as does Dr. Grondahl's con­ a trumpet solo. As a student here, Mr. Christian- cieties this spring will be given when nomic situation will be discussed. In Grow the Lilacs Week are paid will be left in Miss Hilleboe's trivance. The original purpose of Dr. At the conclusion of the program, son majored in economics, and at one the five women's societies hold their the afternoon, the political situation Grondahl's invention was to convert officers for the fourth quarter, previ­ time was president of the Commerce Of April 20. keeping for the establishment of a last open sessions of the year April in the Orient will be the chief sub­ alternating current into direct cur­ ously selected by a committee, were club. He was very active in this permanent fund from which gifts may­ 18 and 25. ject of debate. H. S. Quiglet, prof­ rent. approved by general vote. Harold work, and was instrumental in get­ Fresh from its triumphant run at be given to missionaries' daughters This year, according to an an­ essor of political science at the Uni­ who may in the future attend St. Olaf. Dr. Grondahl is at the present time Rasmussen, '31, will be president; ting out-of-town speakers for the the Guild theatre, New York, "Green nouncement made by Laila Hegg, '32, versity of Minnesota, will be the prin­ Grow the Lilacs," Lynn Riggs' spir These gifts will be given entirely at the director of research for the Union Walter Lyche, '32, vice-president; club programs. intersociety board president, there (Continued on Paite Four) cipal speaker at that time. ited American folk play which has the disgression of Miss Hilleboe. Switch and Signal company of Pitts will be a close check-up on the num­ After being graduated, Mr. Chris­ been one of the successes of the sea­ Aside from these donations, the L. burg, Pennsylvania. After graduating ber of senior society sessions the ap­ tiansen; held the position of district from St. Olaf he studied at Johns son in New York will be presented D. R. was instrumental this year in plicants have visited. manager of the Kelly Sales system of Hopkins university where he received Watland Gas Buggy, Ancient But Very Willing, Minneapolis. From there he entered by the original Guild theatre acting starting a regular Sunday school at Each girl will be required to visit company at the Lyceum theatre, Min­ the Odd Fellows orphanage of North- his master of arts and doctor of phi­ the employ of the Brooks Parlor Fur­ losophy degrees. at least four meetings. Two of these Rattles Along Blithely; May Visit Campus niture company. neapolis, for one week beginning field. may be tradiitonal programs attend­ Monday, April 20th, with matinees ed last fall, but the other two must Quarterly Will be Issued Wednesday and Saturday. be regular society sessions. Other "Days when automobiles were not When "Wat" found the car it had "Green Grow the Lilacs" is a play Good Or Days When Cafeteria Kept College points for elegibility. are a "C" aver­ only a curiosity, but a luxury, were a Chicago dump cart license. Next Week, Says Editor of Oklahoma in the days when it There are no dash instruments, not age, a record of co-operation in jun­ vividly recalled to Jackson citizens The third issue of the Quarterly was emerging from the status of In­ Men Happy, Fat on 50 Cents a Day Recalled even a cigar lighter. There is no ior society work, and a good person­ last Friday when Buren Watland pi­ is scheduled to come off the press dian Territory, a play of one of the windshield, so there is no need for a ality rating. next week, announces Gerhard country's last frontiers, peopled with thin dime. "Come," he said, "I loted around our streets a now nearly windshield wiper. There is no clutch, "Remember 'way back when—?" Society) applications will be held in a single lever putting the Brush in Lokensgard, '31, editor. Among homely and pungent people whose "Yes, when we used to be able to went to college myself. When Mohn hall parlors Saturday afternoon, obsolete creation of the early gas customs, rich speech and colorful or out of gear. the articles that will appear is a eat at the cafeteria on an average of was the last time you ate ?" So May 9, from 1:00 to 4:30. Immedi­ wagon.. sketch by Paul Hanson, '32, songs are woven into the theme. relates a contributor in the Sioux The car, which no doubt at one time The fenders are the ordinary buggy fifty cents a day." ately after that hour the girls who type. The frame and front axle are "Scene in Undertaking Parlors," Lynn Riggs, the author, is of the City Journal. was the pride of its owner, was a "And not only that, but we gained have applied will attend informal teas of wood. The tires are size 28x3. a play and a short story by Har­ country about which he has written. Those whose picture of a col­ Brush chain drive of the vintage of weight too." given by the senior societies for the The engine can be lifted out of old Monson, '32, and an article Born and reared in Claremore, Okla­ lege man is that of a sleek, fur- 1904, and its motor power was fur­ Most St. Olaf students, were they new pledges. It has not yet been the frame. A large fly wheel ex­ by Serena Loftness, '31. Dagny homa, he has been able to view his coated sheik with bare head and nished by a "one lunger" that, while to eavesdrop on a conversation be­ definitely decided where the teas will tends below the engine. This engine, Mellby, '33, is contributing poetry people objectively, especially to the well-oiled locks, this may seem it wheezed a good deal, still per­ tween a pair of old grads in the man­ be held. only one cylinder, can propel the car and there will be several fresh­ point of expressing authentically like a cruel jest. But I "lived" formed its old time functions in a ner of this one, would think, "Yes, forward at the tremendous speed of man themes. something of their community life, in a college cafeteria for a whole remarkable manner." that must have been 'way back when, twenty miles an hour. Its backward which existed in fine fashion until oil semester on an average of fifty Dean Blitz Will Be Guest of The foregoing excerpt from the all right." speed is not known. Mrs. E. O. Ellingson Hostess began to supersede cowpunching and According to Einar O. Hammer, '22, cents a day—and gained weight. St. Olaf W. S. G. A. Thursday Jackson County Pilot tells the story "Wat" is thinking strongly of ranching as the state's occupation. editor and publisher of the Jackson Send stamped, self-addressed en­ of how one St. Olaf freshman spent To St. Olaf Women's League bringing the old gas wagon to col­ Republic, and editor of the Messen­ velope for formula and sample Miss Anne Dudley Blitz, dean of his Christmas vacation last winter. women at the University of Minne­ Buren Watland is that freshman. lege this spring. But he says that Members of the St. Olaf Women's Miss Hilleboe Elected Head ger during his student days, fifty menus." league will meet at the home of Mrs. Perhaps the price of roast beef sota, will speak to the St. Olaf women Last fall "Wat" found the old relic souvenir hunters must keep away. cents a day sufficed to cover the daily E. O. Ellingson, 117 North Linden Of Women Deans in State wasn't so high in those days. Or at a 5:05 meeting, on Thursday, April in a blacksmith shop and bought it. He almost lost it to Jackson citizens food bill then. In his column, "Ham­ when he stopped for gas as the souve street Wednesday evening, April 15. mer and Horn," in the April 3 issue maybe ice cream wasn't included in 16. The subject of her talk will be He decided that his Christmas vaca­ Miss Gertrude M. Hilleboe, dean of "Hobbies." Dean Blitz is to be a tion was a good time to prove his gen­ nir hunters were thicker than flies. Those who will serve as hostesses women, was elected president of the of his weekly, he writes: the bill of fare. Probably Mr. Ham­ guest of the St. Olaf W. S. G. A. and ius as a mechanic, so he set to work So some day the St. Olaf student with Mrs. Ellingson will be Mesdames Minnesota State Deans of Women at "A beggar accosted a college mer didn't go over for lunch every will be entertained at a tea given by and the result was a Reno-vated, re- body may have the privilege of see­ Theodore Huggenvik, Erik Hetle, the last session of a two-day meeting student who showed him an emp­ afternoon. Anyway, it's certain that the Women's league on Thursday juvi-nated, re-, well, a good-as-new ing this car and think they are back George Ellingson and Misses Annie of the organization at the University ty purse. Noticing jthe young something has changed besides ap­ afternoon from four to five o'clock. 1904 Brush car. in the "Gay Nineties." Berg and Esther Gulbrandson. of Minnesota April 2 and 3. man's textbooks he pulled out a petites.