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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE
PART 19 QF 25
FILE NUMBER: 100 11392 SUBJECT; AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE
FILE #: 100-11392
SECTION: I 9
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|ne1cau_- p newspaper, city and Ila! A |:ro92ving disn eclion for Americans In 'l Isai!:-.nr3, exi- iienced by a recent ami-.=92meric.m editorial in the newspaper Siam Ruth, is jusi one indic:uipn of a rcappnisal of Thai policy in ihe miional self-interest. according to Russell jehnson, American Friends Service Comzniucc rcpresematire who rc- cen y returned lrom an in92-esLig:u.ory visii :0 S_ouLise:as1 Asia. Thai newspapers, he none-d. are under governmcm comrol»! 7_ ln Somh Viemam, which he 92 isilCd for the semh mime, he gound a genera! in-cling of hopeicssncss among die pcopie and e widespread acquiescence" to lhe National Libcraiion Frorlt Oiiensive. One t'|T£-Cl of the worsening simation in the cizics, he says, has been that "cn:reprcm:urs who have been making money as a resuh of [IE6 92-rm" are caught in the middle." One Caihoiic Viei imese fafi si, apjaaiied by i- we warfare, told ah: AFSC visitor that Communism . . . in its u-om form . . . coyJdul_1_pgssib1!' be as destructive as this. -- - 92 /'
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. 4. 1 -4 ! a 92. .9 - ; ; furnished on April 11, 19_57; the follqwing § I é ltems ! A leaflet captioned "AFSC Report From Vietnam," which states that BRONSON CLARK s would. present a talk April S, 1957, at 8 p.m., at the Abington Friends Meeting M .-... =~.-s. 1- -....;._»--;_.._.e _.._s_ _ I_4Q p~_ M. _. .. ,_..,.._.__e L 7 '_ce_..ec...... __-__ .. _ ______ wk ______.___ _ _._____,_,.___,______, ______._....__....._-.._.___.____.._;. _._ _._._.___ ,_ _ V . . .. _ _, _ 92 - _. f , J . . ' 1 ' ._ - 4 _ - qr 92 1
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' ! Press Release of March 27, 1967, from v APSC, a copy of which follows:
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"The United States has the 'o:r.-rer _ to e stro;-' Vietne.-r. but it cannot vin the "pee-;oT.e_ according to Bro.-as-on P. Clark, program. associate of the _ American Friends Service ~0or:.1it cee, who has just returned from a two months survey trip to Vietnam and So - east Asia. t -- i Z , - _ - . 92_ "The '92 ietn=.::-.sse, both Forth and South, tbirl-2 oi than-_se J.ves as Vie't-r-2: .-=.se and do 1 accept the a:'ir: =*-.:_is-+.:"-'_-."'-'.t thesis that tlzej; have invoried t";.en::c11'£-:, CI-er}: said, reporting to the !-.958 st:-.'i :1'. "I1" we wish to stop t!".e loss of Aee:*::.c.=;:1 and Vietr: lives, than 1.-e nest realize the.-t we are not defending South Vietnam but are in a _ _-,___. ==_..i_ _.:- ._-... _-_,_,--_. _._ B,--_-LL 1| -r_4-_=92__ I1 znassive ei i'ort to impose ' E. gD92'EIT.;_'E.. I'1l..- D1 DUI CLr.UiCd DB D-.J¢.1u£l I'J.ELI!.:..1I.h
;_ 1 | I V "Clark tr:-.veled extensively in 'vl81'.nE.-. 2,_ talking to military, personnel, Vietnanes leaders and students J 1. iournalists _ I and !§F:'3C staff zzez rers _ in Q'.1z;."1g I'3."=;i J and in I; Saigon area. .
Clark vas in Vietnam during the "Iron 1 riang1e" or Cedar Falls Operation." Ea . ported that the .F_*:ericans staged fourteen consecutive B-52 raids, employed nspal fla::.ethrc'.:ers, defoliation and used ditch diggers and av-.:J.ldozers "until the Jung log.-1:ed lite a giant steel else hazi rel-red it bee}; and forth." Yet sfaortly after ' conclusions of_t'nis operation, the Vi-at Cong staged an ambush which pi-oiuced hes casualties to an Anzerican military ;r;:-cup. - A _ :- 5 s 1 - _ . -
That is the story of this war," said Clerk. "Ha have the ability to move in fo where we wish . but cermot . in - fact oocif .. y in anv 0 sioriificant C we y . '.1 ne mil:!.ta.."TY 192 indicate that the var is,a' five-year war at a mime and that nan," more America s "troops would have to be 'e_mployed. " Clark sa:'_'i that the administration in 1-Iasbin is demanding of our military unreasonable dates and_unattai.na ola o o_jec_tiv_es.
i ._ Clark sai there were ttvo myths holding up negotiations. The first myth, thate have almost von the war, is contrary to the facts in the field. Even those 1;.;~Q.. L4 1_r:'nces which are declared "pacified" are , in fact, unsa_¬ e for Americans who live in forts surrounded by barbed wire and only venture out in anzd strength._ The second myth, said Clark, "is the continual stress on negotiations when, -in -fact, the American position in Vietnam is to drive for-ward with the war in order to "win" something. Clarl-1 indicated that, if the Americans -were sincere about ' negotiations, they should ix-*-.-re-.1ia"i;e1y allow a free gpress and £421.?-"i_ii?-.31.-1-il _15t5, doctors, journalists, and other Saigon intellectuals an opportunity no begin to discuss negotiations g g 1 Hit? ' the National . - Liberation Front. a - ~ '- __ _ _ " e cannot convince the Front- we "wish to negotiate 'e 1-Len it ;Lmoos-=.5_ _p1e _;r;Q i the Vietnamese to -uori-rout anong themselves what form of government nignt ens-rge , - that could negotiate the Viet Cong. To help with negotiations, Americans n- an i_nternational- presence in Vietnam, to serve as n mediator and to assist the, 1 ¬_ih1_1$°1f1 - #51::- is?-Pf-"¢_i° i é quiring a practical political procedure 1' o *-as-. l.._0_ _ Vietn.._., ntnout pohtical __ "'ra-.u::a v in the D-I118 t d S'a es. T.» &______-Y _£ __ _ ,_ ,A______, ______._.______._.- _._.. - _ ,, I _,__ __. _....~ - - -~ "' " " " " """" "' "_ _' H ' , .--_ _ * _. _ . -0 _ _. .-._. _ A
_ __oi - _2! I-iore Americans andmore are political opposed .tc>leaders the no-..'realize that a gro:-ringbody _ 92 _ _ _8 taps on our side to negotiate var and would vote for positive i or I-merican withdrawal. _ . -_ ,.., .,._-. ml... .. -J...--J 3!. Tne Azccrican myth that China is is crucbling. China is not re great, po".-.-erful and aggressive, - most Southeast Asian nations andgerded even as .A:1s.-ricansa zzilitar-y who threat specialize by . 5 _ ' _ in _"China ue.tchin§5" feel that China is currently preoccupied - k - and by no means has the posture of an expending power.
"Another long range cause for optimism," Clark said, lies in the fact that the Vietnamese people, by educating the zzericcns to__thefolly of trying to solxie _ _ _Southeast Asia's problems by var, have pro'ba :; . .'ysaved the United States from a 1| fwar with __China. .Any_.F.rericanpolitical ad_.q r.istreticn will give long pause - he said, "before leading that nation into a war with China." " .4 I In January, 1957,Clark resignedas vice presideht ofGilford Instnuce-nt Laboratories in order to accept his assignment with the AFSC. Previously a I he had worked for the Com-nittee in China, I-iorocco, and Algeria, and had _ served as a member of the vorking party which produced the book, PEACEIII 'r VIEIEUR-I:. .» _ ,1 A I-IE1? _. APPBOQCI SOUTH.El4STIN ASIA. - .' - - » ~. _-;-;:-..':-; It ; .§,';g;- .1 -. - ' -u . ¢ - -. ._ _ K _ _ _ . _ ,__ _'-.,: '. - 4, - 1 .. 1.- -a 92 .._. _ _ 1 _ _ K _ - - _' _ - ._ , . -V ' _;..._ , _ ,,- - __ _ - ~ _ -92..- . - _-1,. -. - - -_ _..¥. A- 1 s '0- _ _ . _ . - -_. J - __, __ ' :. '. 1'..-- ,v -'>; __.- -4-- --1 - .:--- -. - _.,, '-. _ _. ». , - '_, -.~5_ - _'. _' _- - . _ __. - - __- _ __ - - _ V,-I-Q1 -.. _ 1 an _ ." C . _ _ "H __ 92 a . - , ~ _ .. _ » ' -- _- - '4 _ . '. 1 . 1 - - '- . ,.-. _ '... __. .4 " .-= 4 1 ''-.-. - . , . - -,. _,_,_ r _ _ :__V _; . . _ M . . - _ V -. 1 p _ s: Y" _--_j._'_ " " - -* ._J 1| ' "_ - _ ' ' ---'..-i1.'_'---5"-" '----J.-,'-_"'-:_""' -. 0' -- I_ t-'. .- _ _ ' q", ___- ' -___' . _ _ _ _. . 7- _. ______* -it __'_ - _, _ /__ H.-;_ .:_-. , _ - _ . , . ._ .'- '- 1 .~ _',. P -. _ , . ._5_... . . - » .. .- .. 4- _ . ..- ¢ . . - 1 .7 - ' -- ' - - - " '--~ -.. - L - -- I n. 5 ._-._. , - 92- _.__ _ __..., __. _'_ - _, 1. - _ _- _ - --. - 1 4 --- ."'.. " - ______. ______. _ .,-_,.-- 4 i _ . - - - - 5 I , _ - I ...... _¢ ,, ___ . ., I " n ___ _ _ M I _ .-___ ._4. ,._... -A . ". .-__: ;, _ . -- ' .- * "~ : . ._ "" ¢ _ . C. | ,. _ : _ __ _ _ ._ _ ... ___ . __ _ - - ,- _ . _,_ . 4 - _ _ __ - _ _ - _, __. ,,__ __ .._ - _ --7---4--1, -a--a~;'¢.;_-_'.Q. 1-.-=1 -'-'-*- -q .1 ___,______._.___._.__ _92_ _ ..-. ~ +-- _ _ _ - ____ , 1 ___ _ ______4 H __;__ _., ___._._.;__-_---- --- 7 ' - 7'*"'
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~ n--u-n|»-i- __.- I 'l__' QCLUB Lib ft g. 1 e By Baoxsos P. Cuuut ' s ARS have always been hard on civilian popula------s 'lions, but somehow the war in Vietnam, with the 1 Radical: page, home o ll employment of modern weaponry includingair power! y newspaper, ctl! 1111"-1 5 0 on an essentially peasant country produces civilian suf- ;. fering in a manner diiierent Irom that of past wars. As one well-lenotvn international correspondent said to me s in speaking -of the American eliort, "It's the invasion oi the Martians!" y {- §'1 One result is that the country's primitive, provincial hospital system is overwhelmed with casualties of all ages and sexes. A New Zealand doctor told me as we walked E through Qui Nhon hospital, "1 believe there are more § civilian casualties than all the military casualties on both sides combined. This hospital did not have a laboratory rbed. orthy Antechambers ofl.he name; patients to the two were operating often placed rooms two were.to D lfrowded with wounded, some oi them on tnalcesltiit_coLs' and mats, all waiting their tum at the tables. -" l A similar hospital in Quang Ngai performs major, surgery and bone repair but does not even have an X-ray Z- machine! Some American government aid reaches these hard-pressed hospitals, but ghley are run by the Saigon P-133,131+-"F1 government and sulier from slowness, bureaucratic in- -e iciency, corruption, and the chaos -resulting from the ; Journ: war. It seems ironic that while, in the interest of ei ciency. fPhi.1ade1phia} the United States interieres with Saigorfs mlitary opera- l- tions, it respecu Saigon's sovereignty in medical matters. Date: . Before coming to Vietnam I was under the imptusion Elitttons J91 = 13,1 that the main ghting was taking place in remote, moun- Author: BI OI] S 011 tainous, guerrilla-dominated areas. In trips to cities and . nans==1= rance.-_s E towns from the south to the northern city oI Hue I Sound t_...-. Browtn that most operations were undertaken in the populated and [arming areas along the coast. I know of nodty in 4115..._. ..._..~.--»--.---.._.....- L. , ._.. s.'...--h --#- -- - ," " . ' _ -_=.._.. - - ._...l._,_-.. ..__._..___'.;.. _._._ ..______t..i_____.,__,. __g __ ,_,__ , _ - - - ii - ' | r 1 92 I r _ - _ / . ' _ -._ _ l t -_ x _ . 1 ." . "- '1t. la 4, 0 -- J' .1 4- ii i I i "'0' - '_ 1" ' l or J ; - *1
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-..._.._,,92.-. ._. . .. ._,. ______,, _ L'6'5'3"- iliilill D3 a 8-Quail ; "gal-_Q l_Nh°T"_'*'hlilitary' Cl -535 ollicialshave told me privatelythan--it antl, oi course, Saigonhave Vietcongoperating righttn the suburbs and olte the towns thernselt-"es. The United Statesmilitary hasresponded withH and I lire _ I larassment lnterdiction!,and whichis random shelling to keepthe VCof? balance.This shellingis doneby Navy ships andshore-based batteries.The second-largestpro ducer oi civilian casualties is no doubt machine-gun re from helicopters. As one GI said, "ll they wave at us we assume theyare friendly, but if they run we let em have it!"
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_--- Fl 92'92'h_iTe'johnson administration theverbalizes'Eii"iIi E ow of aid from the North and on Hanoi's directionoi 1- the Vietcong.the factis that the UnitedStates military a is confrontedwith a continuing full-scale insurgencyin i the South. We arevery muchat warapinst SouthViet- nam, and the moves into the Delta are hard to t into the existingU.S. Administrationmyths. All agree that the Deltahas beena 92'C stronghold forthirty-{our years. despite therebeing scarcelya l92'ortherner in the place! From my search forVietnamese opinionson how the war might be stopped,one thing emerged asparamount. This was the [act that, as a leading Catholic priest said to me, "censorship ofour press and the inability to dis- 92 cuss peaceinitiatives plus the suppression oieven neu- tralisnf makesit impossiblefor us to nd a way out. 92 92'eJ -i -must rely on the United States for that." A youthful Vietnamese womanactive in the ooopera- tive movement said, "Maybe a miracle will save us."
i Throughout herwhole liie-shehas knownnothing but war, andthe poignancyof hercry indicatedher despair. i But wars aremade byrnan, notby God,and prayers lzot followedby speci c acts uponour part will notpro- duce "miracles." ,There are still initiatives available Id = the UnitedStates. U 'I hant's threesteps stop bombing ta in thqhiorth,de-escalate the in South,and negotiatewith -all participatingparties! takenall together,are stillvalid. Or a leaf could betaken fromJhlgeria, whet:the provi- sional government"that was set up to run a referendum -stepped asidein favor oi the new government.Some ob- servers herefeel that the presentConstituent Assembly - offerschance a createto somesimilar government,behind which theUnited Statescan beata strategic retreat. Eiren though the Assembly screenedout neutralist, it seems -clear thatgroundwork being is laidfor eventualn¢gOtia- {ions with the NLF. . Meanwhile weshould continueto bind up me wounds of the war andto keeppressure onour Governmentoili- a cials toreverse thecontinued massiveAmerican military build-up and its concomitant destruction. We should pushlior promptAmerican militarywithdrawal. Yecan- not achieveour statedobjectives, howevernoble, byem- ploying presentmethods. The tides of nationalism run strong in Southeast Asia.A policy that takes this into aocount canstart theprocess of regaining our lostmoral §~".....t="..,.," ,,'",bel'oreand the rest of Asia world.
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__ _ D '.1 _ Maura! Clipping in 599: : 59:0 Iv! If I i .-'1 11 L 51" fem Nor'FL'iEfe ~ F Quofrer Obserre:-C I;-ctrgesl 1» . Thewar in Vietnamwas del"win in;,.' =c92ms92hi=1t:" " e-1 and
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_ ynounced esa "futile effort yes-Jeating North '92'.l¬i l'l?.l'l l"to one terciav b".- a Quaker who recent}; r-. en 'co::rag:.'.;'Saipon leaders l toured ou1.hcas =As|a. toth r1selve.=n: gotiale with the Fl. l Bronson P. Clan-c, who made;92'I°- C0112"15 set their own ._..i.-_l_-._.__- the two-month trip for the§l?Tm5- _ _ indicate puqe. name of American friendsService Com-2"instead of is. our policy - newspaper. city and slain n ittgsl rc¬_r:rl£ld'ire; g.§ES5i:"n -o'J::;{EE f-21.5to gas that] of ; tarts :1 us i_' °é ten: Em?" _' vr. .51; rt .. Tbc:r:ti§u:2'l ._ their Arch Street Mee2.ing:"Ti1e word negotiation, so fre- 10; ; 1 House, and4th Archsis, iquently used bythe administra-'l ,3i l §*"- e u mg ..er1:ans, * We t wasW122 :o : :;i r;e t;:r;":i$::.""~ ' - --- -~ ~ t I chargedthe by Quaker0h=e:'92=er.l is nofree There press.43,008 t 92 "Our hoped-for victory '9292'nu!d_p0liticalprisoners, theBuddhists e Sunday Bullet be nr;ti".ir.gmore Lhar.winrting dare thorzzz.-ehlv crushed.It is u [pi-ravcyard,our for war policygpolice slate, -ilhthe present as- P-hi1a., Pa. -an only destroy the country semblv screened to keep out not Hrithnut winningthe Vie!- ionly.com1-nunisis also but neu-_ E lnarnese." Clerkdeclared. tralisls, and tree-thinkingintei~i ' ' lectuals, including college pro-| FrinningI Myth lsfessors, areclosely watched. A _ l "We arenot defendingSouth "Our mllitzrv achievements lviemamare inbut a massive have thusfar lreen the leveling Iernmentmilitary effortour toofchoice upon impose a gov lL,"f°:_ a.5°5- . F555 "57 mbbfrl l the men. -i¢>.-=.=".*-' '<=M-=*.=§&"@ F!-=i . . . = ..Presidem J tmmn has im_:f!Fl§.S beto rue anc inc Cit!E$' i .._. !__,_,_; =__,___,,?-I_ ,_',_1_¢,__..;_.,,rcro'o.'ded refugees andwu- with l}|'92J.92;|;£1!.lPOn 1emi1i'ta1'}' 1.]|}'92JJ-}ILll:I-l92Jll.&92-Ithe I mili- injuredLn} "jm" 5' while ammany t ltary viewthewar in terms oflbumsC amp ta °ns'" ' fanother fiveyears and:_nother-ffeam in-QuangNgal . I llll _mB .If "F mlnmlum-"'lreported Clark especiallyone i zlhe CO!11ll'tt3'; f]:ll asa myththat W19ch}. OI Qua ; Ngai and the are are92'~'m"""£. nerwty work Elehtrthere of an American WT the 5° ~1Fm'}'5i'3B5'5 ¢° 'i i" is Friends Service team of ten na- ltroi of Viet Cone,,known there- - - 5 A - Th , l . as theNational Libel-anonin- '-~ r:rn§s Journal," Philadelphia, Pa., P526395? if ;£. ; :=;*; ?S5 ani £56, carried an article captioned, . 'T;Iki?: Vat: the Lneev," by ROSS FLANAGAN, which revealed that EROHSOn CLLRK, RUSSELL JOHNSON, and ROSS FLANAGAN, all cf the AFSC, in September l967 participated in a week-long conference in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, with the Czechoslovakia: Peace - commit W' tee as host. The reetings, arranged by DAVID . DELLINGER, editor of Liberation, brought together H1 Americans generally representative ' of the "Lew " Left with ' ' eigh t m e mbers Of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The conference sessions were largely devoted to the presentation of formal statements, professions Q of mutual admiration, and the enumeration and exchange o further discussion. The NLF placed major emphf questions for statement on the historical development of the asis in its Front's struggle for independen ce and the quality.of life in it I s "liberated 1 zones," while the North Vietnamese focused the ir presentation I around their country's extensive and imaginati to cope with stepped-up American bombing. Theve arrangements delegation presented an assessment of the effe American cts political, social, and eco ncmic} of the car'in the United States and an explanation of the role of various constituencies active in the anti-war movement P ____,__.-.- - - ~-4- - Y-c¢..____,,..-- -- -"' ' I "92 ? 0-1''0 92 92 I ______...-- ______..;_-~» -- - ""*""' L .n 3 Q 92 _ -17- * 1. - . _' -0 _ J K 2 _ ! - I . d 1'. u _ -.1 ~u ,__. ;:* "- _ '1» "______T ~r.:|-an :*.2:..- ._ 92 -l._"""""-""_#_' W furnished a 1?-1358* . H to the War: A Currqnt_V1ew 0 _ paper Vietnam," captloned, 393 BRONSON Journey P CL ARK' A COPYof this 1-rem fgllows. ._ u 92. .7 4 -*1 § 1 T ! . " -19- I I i E _ I _ . I -92 P - ". '_ t - . 4- '31- . I _ I Q ._ '-I f '*"_ V;__ I _ .2 l ... A U __ __' ' ._ - ' ___ _ " :_'_ ._. _, . CONFIDENTIAL - NOT FOR PUBQQICATION OR QUOTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AFSG a - 4- ~ <~- American Friends Service Committee 160 North lSth Street, Phila., Pa. -o ' §?EZE?X_§9-3§e 55?? 5r§E¬?§ teYiEEL9§.ViE§ am - I - - by Bronson P. Clark T - }':_;The §p£eading War _ . '_ _: 1' '_ . - . . 7 - .The return to Southeast Asia for a second visit -separated by one year produced a striking impression of a war of increasing intensity but, far more seriously, a war that has now spread in substantial ways to the Southeast Asian 1 countries around Vietnam. We are familiar with the h0,000 American troops in Thailand and the existence of five major air oases from which American pilots currently bomb Laos and North Vietnam. We are also aware of the recent issue of hot pursuit into Cambodia. Unfortunately, most of the press and public attention appears to have been on the point of the reaction of Prince Sihanouk should hot ii *4pursuit occur either in- the form of incursions into his territory by American _ troops or, more likely, bombing by the air force. There has been far less attention to the fact that such hot pursuit is a major escalation of the war. as predicted by U Thant well over a year ago. ' - . 1 Q 1- -. Q4 ._ =.- - . __ .. _ " AS 101 Laos itself, conversations with international agency personnel, diplomats and newsmen would appear to confirm that the war there is growing in intensity although limited in part by the fact that the United States cannot overtly, under its 1962 neutrality agreement, place American military troops in 92 Laos. However, I have met International Voluntary Service personnel who I l indicate that there are at least two military camps which are under the 1: direction of American Green Berets who are not in uniform but dressed in blue denim and who are engageli in trainlng the Laotian army in counter-insurgency - r tactics. Furthermore, TVS personnel in Laos tell me that a very substantial a number of individuals who are known as requirements officers" and who are attache to the USAID mission are in fact military personnel actively engaged in advising and training the Lao army. In addition, the CIA was reported to be active and had installations adjacent to most of the major air ports in the areas under the control of the Laotian government. There was considerable evidence that American militaryassi stance to the Lao air force was causing increased bombing of the areas involving the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other Pathet Lao controlled areas. ' E Another disquieting development is the Green Beret training of an elite *. military unit of "Free Khmers in South Vietnam. I personally visited this training camp and talked with many of the Khmers themselves. They are E technically in the South Vietnamese army but are dressed in better than average uniforms and are paid 2,000 piastres penmonth over thenormal pay of other E South Vietnamese army units. They are in training at Long Hai, which is located just across the bay from Vung Tai at the mouth of the Saigon River. Many of E these men were born in Cambodia, although some were born in South Vietnam. They are anti-Sihanouk followers of Son Ngoc Thanh who is a political opponent of n Sihanouk currently resident in Saigon. Thanh was formerly the prime minister of Cambodia at the time of the Japanese occupation during the 5econd World War. I _ 1.» ~ -_-gap __ .- ,.___i .--_.-i..,--..-..s--.._-r- - = --'- _ ._. . I ..- -~-~ --- --~- - - " ' " " " __' .._¢.------_ - ' _ . . Q ' ' _. C L -_ _. ~' ' a - h ' .5 , __ .- ... v -. o_ I f 4 -'- Y ~ | I J " _V _ .1 '. 2 V ,.' - . . _ ¢ . _ _ Q _. ' , _. . _ It would appear clear that the training of these Free Khmers in counter-insurgen 1 indicates their possible use should relations with Sihanouk deteriorate to the ' point where land entry into Cambodia is called for by the American military." 1 . The increase in American military pressure throughout the whole area, including intensification oi bombing in North Vietnam, has apparently produced f -fconsiderable counter-escalation in various areas. It would appear that the insurgency in Northeast Thailand is now receiving considerable support from ._ _ North Vietnam and China, that substantial groups of North Vietnamese military " regulars are operating in Laos in the provinces contiguous to North Vietnam and through the eastern and southern areas of Laos near the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Thes . North Vietnamese regulars - according to diplomats, IVS personnel and lnternatio L-ontrol Cosme -' _ ssicn personnel -fl"-Lh when I 4- .,ai..e... lb A - have B made A _ e>.c -nrsions . 4 lfit-O 4- 41-.1.41:3 plains from the mountainous areas, taken rice and then retreated into the hills. I- Also, American scholars familiar with Southeast Asian affairs have accepted figures on the number of Chinese Peoples Liberation Arm}: troops now in North Vietnan as being upl-rards oi 140,000. Their work in North Vietnam appears to be concerned primarily with logistics and railroad repair. During my visit I talked with the Southeast Asian scholar, Mr. Brian Shaw, who is with the Department of International Relations Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian L National University, Canberra. C His area of study is concerned primarily with Chinese-North Vietnamese relations and he indicated that on the basis oi data E from three independent sources he now believes that there are 30,000 Chinese . f troops operating in North Vietnam in logistic support. This, of course, is - a major intervention on the part of, China and makes academic any speculation that China would permit a military defeat of the Democratic Republic of North Vietnam, let alone of the h'LF. In conversations with senior iunericen military _ personnel and American diplomatic personnel one is aware of the desire of these people to discuss the war in Vietnam not just in specific terms of Vietnam itsel * They give an analysis based upon .a major confrontation with "communists", L insurgents or those who advocate "wars of liberation" throughout all Asia. As the American Ambassador to»Laos, William Sullivan, said, The American people do not realize that if we are properly- to confront China a larger understanding of United States goals and dbjectives is required. Further, a willingness on the part of Americans to sacrifice for their belief in a free world" must be equal to the sillingness with which the communists are sacrificing for their beliefs." This rather harsh cold war analysis leaves out any understanding of the tides of nationalism which sweep through Asia or oi the wide variety of cultures, languag * and beliefs which divide the numerous countries of Southeast Asia. However, the point here is that it is an attitude which seeks not negotiation but the applica* of further military power in a situation where political and economic solutions point the only way toward peace. 1 . _ - _ _ - Q _2. TheTUntruth.ful_ F § - The second most striking thing to a visitor is the substantial discrep between the position held by General William Westmorelend that the "end is in sight" and the realities'one sees in Vietnam. Hard evidence shows that "securit; has deteriorated throughout South Vietnam as against a year ago. Senator Percy was in Vietnam during my visit and in conversations with his staff I was info eei that in one private meeting between the Senator and seven senior American cor:-es pondents all seven agreed that the United States could not win the war. H V i C -21- C I J_ l !___ _-___ _.__;, .--1-_-I _ _ _ - v_-4_,____ _,_, I _ __ ;___ i_"_,____. _ .-_._7e'_ . _ . . - _92 - - C Q . . I . _ - __ r . , 92_. ' f 9 _ I '7 '_. 1_ D ,92_ > . 92 - - .'._. _ -__>3r.,,?92. ,.92. l ::. 9- F _ Q I I U..- I 6 '- - ' U .4 i . 7 . '. 3 _ __ A. I They were speaking in the -sense that the stated objectives of the American govern- ment could not, in fact, be achieved by our present methods and that the country 1 was gradually being destroyed and the cultzn-e ruined. Mr. Scott Cohen, a member _ of Senator Percy's staff, stated that out of approximately twenty newsman with who.-: they talked, nineteen felt the present American posture in Vietnam was a _ disaster, lhe same opinions were held by nmerous International Voluntary Service personnel and many USAID representatives as well as leading Vietnamese. The representative of CARE in De Hang reported that he no longer uses - the main route leading south as he recently was ambushed in broad daylight. A Elizabeth Brown, the director of Foster Farents Plan no longer can pe t her s social workers to travel and nor: confines the staff to Saigon. IVS personnel told me that many areas heretofore open to them are closed ; particularly in the Central Highlands but also in many other areas such as the Delta. Roger Montgomery ~ who is the director of IVS operations in Four Corps, which covers the entire Delta, told me that villages where his agricultural workers had stayed were now insecure and that they had to return to the provincial capital at night. 1 He spoke of the difficulty of traveling from Can Tho, which is the military headquarters of Four Corps, down to Soc T:-rang, the provincial capital of Ba Xuan Province, as this road had become insecure. In fact, in Can Tho itself there is a curfew at 9 pm and Americans and American military personnel within the city live behind barbed wire and anti-grenade nets extending to the third floor of the billet and protected by guards with machine guns. I witnessed Vietnamese personnel entering and leaving American basis in the Delta being given body search. The ability of the Viet Cong to travel freely through the Delta and their hold on the great majority of the people is admitted by the American military. Vietnamese Christian Service personnel, a Protestant service organization assisting primarily in work with refugees, confirm that in the Da Nang areavthere is a serious deterioration of security. This was underscored I by a recent Viet Cong mqrtar attack on the massive American air base at Da Rang _ from the hills a short distance away. A visit to a large American air base located at Phu Gat, which is east of Pleiku, revealed that large numbers of 1- planes had to be evacuated recently because of VG shelling of the base. Dne must remember that these are heavily protected bases of enormous size, located in populous areas which are unlike the jungle areas and show the ability of the VG to move pretty much at will even the the coastal areas. ,_ _ . The Saigon Bureau Chief of the New York Times, Mr. Thomas Buckley, said to me that security is probably worse and certai ly no better than a year ago and that one hould assume that General Westmoreland would always put a good light on "progress". Two l'ong conversations with Franpois Sully of Newsweek revealed that In-nerican combat groups were i iunder-manned and that soldiers with only 90 days of training were going into combat. As I had just read the arti'cle in the December ll issue of Newsweek entitled "Filling the E Holes" which reveals how the Pentagon is able to quickly replace those killed _ in battle, it seemed in direct conflict the information given by Frangois Sully. He reported, however, that his own story on the 20% deficiency had been E checked by his magazine with the Pentaeo and "2 ensuing story was the result. . - . " Q -22- ! 2 -. 0- -u-.. 92 1 0 1- 7- ' '1' "7 J?-1---92 T .: ~ . L __ 1 _,.-__._--.-_..1... -_ ._._..i_._i__ . _. .. __..... ._...... _. ii _ . . __.i._,.. . . _.__ . __ .__- _ _.-______._l___..1. _ ...... ___ 92 | . 1 , _ 92 - , ! - _ - . S ' . a , Q J ' '_ .92 , 0 _~_ - , u _ _ _ . -' - -I -1 ' Q" , 4"-t '- a 4-5 - cl - Q _ .- _' ..- _*s. - . , n 'I . -.-. 2 ' -e- V The continuing struggle between America: nevsmen and the briefing officers of JUSPAO JointUnited States Public Affairs Office! is notorious and the head of JUSPAO recently was changed primarily, as one newsman said to me, "because of the bad relations between the U.S. establishment and the press in Vietnm". Part of this is because the Johnson Administration has been pressing sharply for good reports from the field which show progress. T ran into this in several interviews which revealed the pressure on American personnel to send encouraging reports from their areas which Washington could -use to present an optimistic picture. This was confirmed in a news story by 11: 11L Apple of the New York Times on the front page of the January l, l96B, issue in a release entitled, "U.S. Said to Press Sharply for Good Vietnam Reports . Basic to this reporting is the operation of "1-1.E.S.", a hamlet evaluation system by which each hamlet in South Vietnam is classified on a grade from A through E as to degree of security or pacification. It is this basic system of analysis which produces the figures by which the Administration claims we control two-thirds of the people. Basic data as to whether a hamlet is under VC control or Saigon government control. or a variation in between is produced at the district level. The American military district advi sors, the overwhelming ii majority of whom speak no Vietnamese, are entirely dependent upon information - I given by the district chief who is Vietnamese. This district chief is a. South Vietnamese army officer operating with an extremely limited English vocabulary and not particularly desirous of presenting a gloomy picture. The result is that an almost totally false set of data is being received as to what area is c secure and what is insecure, what roads are open or closed, which roads can be traveled without military escort and those which are open only in the sense that they can be traversed in heavily armed convoys. Yet the Pentagon continues to issue press releases based on this data creating a wholly false impression which irritates even the military personnel in Vietnam. For example, one U.S. military officer responsible for an entire province in the Dalta said, "The VG had this area for 25 years. Out of; 1450 hamlets in this province we have perhaps pacified four. It is uireedistic to expect without enema-nsly increased efforts that we could pacify this province within the six months to one_ year goal Saigon has given "us. No doubt there will have to be an American presence for 25 years if we are to accomplish the long range goals of building a viable economic and political society. After all, this is Asia!" E 3. _'1 he War _for_ the People: E ' It is a contention cf the Administraticnthat there are more and more defectors from the Viet song, that there is a diminution of anti-American feeling as a result of increasing security and pacification. Once again a visitor to the } Iield must report that this conclusion appears to be almost wholly at variance E with the facts. Quaker personnel which now number 30 in South Vietnam report universally a rising anti]-Americanisn based largely on the continued enormous J grdwth of American presence with its concomitant increased military activity, . 92 particularly bombings, with the creation of masses of refugees and civilian casualties. This opinion is confirmed by other volunteer agency personnel, such as those with International Voluntary Service ,; who report that it is more difficult than ever to have close Vietnamese friends and that as the American presence increases they as Americans begin to feel more and more isolated fronrtheir Vietnamese counterparts._ - ___23_ '_~_e:.-.1-'.=. _-_ -_- __.;... '" l ~---~- yw . '- er -W .. ~ j ". 3 . q ,_ - . , _ _ ~ . - ;92 H -.. . r;-.'~> - = = ' " ¢ '- '' J 4. " ' " ~ '" ilzuqin , _ ' In A conversation with Dean Thanh Liam, who is a Saigon government. worker attempting to initiate social service projects in the slum areas of Saigon e in order to counter the work of Viet Cong cadre who operate throughout his districts lib ha ~l>n'|H UUJ-U lllkv once hen ilk1.-anIIIACI 92~92na'92'-111: H!-$012.!-l.L'I.¢ '|>r92 92I92|I uuvvru nnr-::192'|' than IB|l%§ l1'hn1"':l'92QP92 AMQLA nuwalrar ant-Anti ; 'n'r921921n § .bn 92'92 I92!nr92l-ccvnwuvp. +.h Irv L*h I"92l' Ivwnvn 13 Ivan +11 Ir-I him unv- due, as he said, to the anti-Americanism which is on the increase in his districts. e- so The Vietnamese Buddhist leaders, .both student leaders and religious leader --- report that the poor American intelligence which often causes air attacks on _ __ _ _ "friendly" villages is another cause of the rise of anti-Americanism. One .B ddCU'J.lS L leader reported that in a village near Pleiku regarded as friendly the VG staged a military attack against the police station in the village. This resulted in a retaliatory air strike against the entire village by the air force. IVS personnel reported to me that their attempts to file complaints to the military with respect- to air strikes in friendly areas had met with rebuff and in some cases antagonist. _ Those familiar with the complexities of the administrative bureaucracy of pacification and who have followed the changing alphabet from USO!-I through USAID through O00 {Office of Civilian Organization! to CGPCGS, which is the present ~- coordination effort between the military operations and the civilian pacification programs, have come to expect the predominance in priorities for military - ; requirements. This has resulted in disenchantment on the part of many USAIUJ 1_----people who have had other overseas experience. Volunteer agency people report that * these professionals have been leaving in large numbers to be replaced by USAID personnel recently recruited in the United States who have no experience and I _ very little understanding of work in underdeveloped areas abroad, let alone a grasp of the compleadties of trying to win hearts and minds in a situation . 1.'|hr=-r-1: .. ..-.. Han _...- .....__.._._, in-i1-if-car-xr ..... as-a -l,,...... g -I -i al-92+-True Q .. crew ...... _ n¥'....-.--...... n+,+v~i'|'_~?nn ..g..-...... acninlii. II _ ,....,._-.nnn n'H=!_ _ - I also sensed growing disenchantment among U.S. Embassy personnel. D A A close-up view of the pacification program was afforded me during a visit to ea luyen 'Province,,l0cated south of Can Tho in the Delta. I arrived at the provincial capital, see Trang, and proceeded unannounced to the 1-ncv Military Advisement Group Vietnam! . - This is the headquarters which coordinates the _ military and civilian efforts looking toward the pacification of the province. ' -_ I had been given the name of the psychological warfare officer and after some inquiry from a number of personnel milling around proceeded to the second floor, -_ opened a door and entered the briefing room and outer office of the provincial representative, otherwise known as the ".Provrep". The Provrep is an American, usually a military officer _either retired or on leave, who with his Vietnamese counterpart, the provincial governor, directs the military and civilian programs. e I introduced myself to the psychological warfare officer as being a representative . of the American IE-iends Service C -ommittee_ which has 30 people in Vietnam and Said e that while I had considerable relation to these people my basic responsibility was _ to assay the progress and effect of the war on Vietnamese society and to..update , the informatiomwhich the American Friends Service Committee U583 in making ;. various proposals for a negotiated solution to the war. I stated that we were §._ _ critics of the Administration's military effort in Vietnam. Stealing a leaf from Stewart He-acham's book, I asked with a smile uhether they would not prefer . "informed critics" as against uni'nforme-d critic-s"e He replied with a laugh, Informed critics, by all means", and said he would answer any question I had. l q - _ . cl O . 0- , . ,.- _ --Q -1 , _:'-. :1 result was a full military briefing in front of the map 1~'l'Li1 its - .¥3.T'lO11S plasticoverlays which set forth the military and pacifi-cation objectives, those that had been obtained in 1967 and those projected for io , _2n- l ,__ _j ______,7 H __ 92' _,__ _ , ______. . . __,______. ______"_._._,_,,_,l,, --_"_ 92 ' 4 . _ ,,,,. __ __ -._--»..--»~.,..a_.*-.1-.;a-n.._._ - .. .-.~_-.1-_..__ , ,, .i.__,_.,.a=._ ...._.-.»-_.-_.¢....--,-.._.....-.-.-----... ¢- c. ._ .-1-. .--.....;-'__..-.-_. . . - - ' - -.- . r 0 w . . r i 0 1- .. in _ .- r J -.- A -_~_ _ -' G 6 . '2 .-- I - . - - - - 92 __ -I. -. 1 . __ - -' '_ _ . ". av r - . . I The map indicated that there was some progress in some of the hamlets directly along the branch of the Mekong River and perhaps along one main canal but, by and large, the entire province could be classified as thoroughly unpacified and ' militarily insecure. The map showed the location of all AHVN Saigon!troops and areas under the control of the VC. It indicated in colored circles the range of 10$ mm. cannon for Harassment and lnterdiction Fire. The VG were alleged to have a main route for moving supplies from Cambodia down into the Delta and . across to some of the regrouping areas further to the south and west of Ba Xuyen Province. I was informed that the objectives for 1968 were the pacification of I the entire province in the first six months with some mop-up activity for the I second six months. Based on the very small progress to date, this seemed to :ne_ a totally unrealizable objective and l inquired of the ?rovrep whether or not he felt the objective to be wholly unrealistic. He felt that the objective was unrealistic given his present troop level but indicated that there were consider- able plans in Saigon at American military headquarters to supply him with additio .al aid in the form of additional American and Vietnamese troops. However, he E lamented that his South Vietnamese military counterpart, the military governor, had not heard of these plans to date from his superiors. Subsequent to the briefing we were joined by the editor of the Chattanooga Times who flew in for a visit from Saigon. At one point he asked the Provrep whether or not the pacificaticn of the province and the country generally wold he done for less than the $36 billion a year currentlybeing spent. This brought a wry smile to the Provrep who responded that if aid was not increased but decreased the job of pacification would stretch out ad infinituzm. The psychological warfare office 92 then took the editor of the Chattar oga Times and myself by U. S. Army helicopter 1 to a pacified hamlet which he said was the best one in the province and known as 2 Soc Dong. This is a hamlet east of Soc Trang in an area inaccessible by road but accessible by small canals where fourteen "Vietnamese families have had their I village augmented by 100 additional families and then barbed wire erected around their village -with a mud-walled military post built in one corner of the village. We landed on _a small paddy dike and stepped out of the copter which promptly 1 departed and proceeded lip meet the hamlet chief. L We were informed by the psychological warfare officer that the pacification of this rhamlet had proceeded first with a major military effort to a sweep the VC regulars from the area. Then one of the Vietnamese 59-man revolutic ary development teams had entered the hamlet to proceed with its pacification. This meant rooting out the V0 cadre and then, in cooperation with the American USAID program, distributing goods. In addition the hamlet was surrounded with barbed wire, three small concrete foot bridges were built over waterways, a small generator was supplied so each hut could have one light bulb and finally a post was erected in the center of the village on which a-television set was placed. The psychological warfare officer said the heretofore the VD had conscripted their young people and often taken rice. Now the Saigon govermnent personnel were paying them cash for their rice and some measure of prosperity was therefore achieved for the first time by the hamlet. e During the visit the hamlet chief asked the psychological warfare offit for a gift of a transistor radio, which would seem to indicate that the wants would probably be pretty endless as time went on. However, the revolutionary development team had now moved on to another village, leaving these Vietnamese to defend themselves against am incursions the VC might make. During the tour the psychological warfare officer happened to mention that only last week 1 4 4 VC_ -cadre girl was discovered within the hamlet and she had been removed. ' t i s -4-'l5- - ~ ______-__ _ _ -._, " 92 1 . .. M. __ ._._-...... ~..._...... "_""' _ _ 92 _ _ - ___ ,__ '______Q ,_ _,,___ Z ,__. _; . __: _, Hf __.~-__ . ' ' 0 e - I ! -r ~*'. . -- =. - !-. . - 92-... 0 - . I , . '-0 It If f e . J_ I _ _ e 'I A: * . q '4--u e ~» .1 ..,-~ .. > ' _ . One wondered whether or not this might be done over and over again kit-h other cad: being discovered next weeh. It would appear that the pacification was be sed ---essentially on B total -economic subsidy and give-away prograu. It was apparent I I that this smell ho.-clot coo-lo be attacked and overcome at any time even granting r the will of those inside the barbed wire to resist. I --:_,_- - During the military briefing I had pointed to en outlying government - _- ap '£:rd'E =T}:e:i"wh§"t'h e*92' }T2d"not attacked isudh an 'iS61'§tTe'd_}3cTstI M M c The psychological wanfere oifioer replied ehei» in wens eases the V0 left isolate: ;!O5'i»5 alone in o kind oi working agreement with the Saigon government troops . . who in turn left then alone. was one of the probla-..s the Americans ;5=ii d ' they faced and could account for the ability perhaps of some oi these isolated ll-.-41 I : .-U!!! L.-.-_-*1.-4¢- J-A I_I92CQI_F:!Il92 out H.-.|-.p-4 fan !'92 I--inn T u--.n uurvnvvua AP nn192'ne|:s 1-.92'e::"! "pg:-1..;L,1.;.92:g.L p;:.:u.,L;:g..: -pp p_u._192.rvq: up lcnau J-U1 d uuuwe J. In-a Ia-Wei-J-=3 V4 vvvu Dy we-H '|some hamlets had undergone pecification up to six tunes. visit, and 1»re_said -iii... " ____'.! he_§1.=!'o-osi_2if. _'t»he..ret11rni.n:; helicopter cut short_O11! our goodbyes and shortly were airborne over the hamlet 1'l_vingalmost vertically 4 up to avoid crossing over hostile country where vc might take the helicopter und< _ g-l- officer that most z tire-r"It"was"s"bitter complaint oi the psychological warfare 0 of the operations in the province were" conducted from the air or by shelling a long distance from the ground He felt that real pacification could never occur 2-,- Isntil-_persoreeel o;er'e;eetoali} ":on-the grcu.nd 1 ld working t-hroughout~-the Qarovince. *. A likelihood of this oocoring in the near futuredid not seem bright to him. Om could only conclude that with over L100 hamlets to so e-HY idea that the "end indo --is in oight">i§ a myth. As e matter oi fact, this was clearly recognized by the Provrep who ruefully said we really have only one pacified PI oVi11ee'i1'1 all of Vietnam. He was referring to An Gieos which is a province with specific ethnic gul- And tribal minorities which have historically been hostile to the VG. During my visit, I once again made the trip by land through Phone Tuy Province which had been declared pacified several times. There were the same forts where 1-Lmericans end Yietnamese lived in encampments behind concrete and barbed Vise. -There Ferefthe same regrouped peasants in make-shift villages amid a devastated and destroyed coontrysidc- The only difference was that-this time the American military presence had been augmented by Australian military personn who traversed the main road with enormous canon carried an great, wide he!-.f-trac vehicles. There were also extensive mobile mortar eemPe- es which shelled the hi-1-15 of the province both by day 8-Rd by night. Aerial surveillance continued with observer planes being the pilot fish for air strikes. Any idea that this province Wes "pacified" spy more than it was a year ago would be hand to EH15?-Bill ind it is imports-at to realize that, basicallr, Teeci cation has meant to we military not aiming over the Vietnmnese people but making it possible 1;-O enter the province without being shot at. - __ ,_ _ 7 _ I held long Conversations with Dr. Au Truong Thanh who was Hinisterrof Finance under Diem but was later imprisoned by Diem. He was also briefly Minist or Finance under President Ky but was later imprisoned'by m as well. J31» Than -waste peace candidate 1'01! president but ruled off the ballot by the military jun In 0 response to e. question regarding the rise of antz.-Americanism Q he said, "There is s.lz.-.c-st e total lack of support for the smerican position. He indicated that if a poll were taken among say SO of his friends none would think that the 11.5 could in any sense win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese. .. . . _ I -ae- 1 - r - ' . I - I 1' ' ' i | | lr _ U 3- 3 ' if ! 1- - :-~___ 92 , , .- ' . 5 .. _ -. - '_, _ _. 1. _ ~_- g; j . ____,l_. . I It would be expected that this courageous critic of the military government would ' hold such opinions, but they were confirmed by numerous interviews with newsman, diplomats, government workers, volunteers and Vietnamese from various walks of "-- lifeo ' u V - I I revisited a Chieu I-Ioi center for VG defectors in I Corps and found ~ that the population of the camp in-one year had dropped from 300'toB9. A tour t Q of the camp revealed little, if any, meaningful. activity politicgly and the program I. to provide productive skills consisted of nine sewing machines and two barber chairs -Visits to the refugee camps confirmed the reports appearing in the American press i as to the lack of sanitation, water facilities or cultivable land and attests to _ their overcrowded conditions with demoralization of the young and old alike. - l The American government has made several statements respecting increased aid to refugees and more attention to treating the thousands of civilian casualties but = to date these have largely been promises for the future. Given the increased ~- @_. pattern of intensified war, one can only conclude that we are deluding ourselves i if we think our present methods in Vietnmn are "winning hearts and minds". ' .1,1 The Nati onalists 1 t One is struck on a visit to Vietnam with the number of moderate nation- alists who, inspite of a rather harsh police state, continue to make known to any v observer their belief that a solution to the war must involve the creation of a government in the Saigon-controlled areas which is not dominated by a military junta and which wil_l be willing to enter negotiations with the National Liberation Front leading to some :[ orm of coalition government which is based on the power realities with which South Vietnam is confronted today. When the term nationalist 1 is used we are speaking of various political leaders, intellectuals, professors, student leaders and Buddhists who are basically anti- JC but who feel that it is I better to attempt to create a government based upon negotiations among the I - dietiamese rather than to continue with the destruction of their country, the F enormous casualties, the growing corruption and degeneration of their culture plus the possibilities of a totally expanded war throughout the whole Southeast - F Asian area. As one youthful Buddhist leader stated, "It is time for the Buddhists to negotiate with the National Liberation Front. At least they are Vietnamese whereas there is no hope with the Americans who are destroying our country - 0 All of South Vietnam'sCatholic bishops recently joined in a statement calling i for an end of the war and negotiations with the NLF and Hanoi. -I-92-nun-PQe1u-an 5+ -v92 :'l'I-11' I- r. Ton That Thien who is currently a Fl LII-¢§§LJA Ell IQ-ll JIJJ-U; and who was the editor of the Vietnam Guardian, a newspaper which ha . _ closed by the Saigon government for over. twelve months, said, "Why,.'if_ the 92 United States wants to punish or contain China, bomb Vietnam? Why pick on us? Why do you -send people who lcnow absolutely nothing about Vietnam to devise _ programs for Vietnam? Mgr do you support a corrupt military government? 92 Cannot we have a true nationalist government which will negotiate with the I communists ! Diem wanted,-that, so he was killed. He was really a nationalist, a sp I supported him, but he was killed. How can you fight communism with this milita.r,v government? The people have no respect for this government. The other side is unreasonable. I-lo Chi Minh blindly resists. Do they want Vietnam destroy- ed, the genocide of a people? That is what is happening. The Americans are making millions of refugees and killing masses of others. Are you trying to win us with this bombing? The bombing of a tiny and poor country? - -1% -2» ,_-.- Li 9 92___ F ;_, aa . ,1 __A»L-1n5I" _f'h . .e»~------ ---- --~-1 a i - -at ' I . r . ~ A A-A - '' a"-a. *-- ~ W---'-* . ' ""_ ' ,' . __ ' F, -__ . 5. _ . ! ._ .>" " ' -'3'.' - e ' t"- "'' .- ' ' .- - _. A bombing now equal in tonnage to that dropped in all of World War II? Vietnam will be crushed between cor-mumian and capitalism and 'we_wa.nt neitherl Vietnamese with no money or jobs are forced to work on your payroll and our society is '* * becoming corrupt. Even if the war were to finish not: it would take three genera tions to recover." This is typical of the opinions of the nationalists who feel that they cannot resolve their own Vietnamese differences because the Americans i;il.l not permit it. __ _ - Among the nationalists holding this view are some whoare currently in the Saigon government itself. They have become increasingly despairing of the ability to maintain programs based on real accomplishment and integrity in a tide wave of corruption surrounding the billions which the United States is pouring ir the Vietnam effort. iwo government liaders actively working in national program: stated to me that the corruption involving USAID materials was "total". In one an case one government worker insisted that no USAID material enter the area in whic he was working as it made his job impossible and it would be better to have no aid than to be surrounded by the corruption which negated his every effort. One would like to quote these individuals by name and identify them but Americans p must realize that the Vietnamese live in a tight and rigid police state in which police agents and counter-intelligence agents are everywhere. As one student leader put it, "We do not have the money or resources to lcncm the full story of 2 the penetration of the CIA but let me say we smell. them everywhere. .-> Buddhist leaders are particularly watched by the police and in many ca: E must report weekly to the police. Some are unable to return to their own village or cities, such as Hue , from which they came. Interviews with leaders of Buddhii educational institutions convince one that they are operating under enormous government pressure and surveillance. In fact, the recent mobilization order whi k lowered the draft age from 2'1to 1B provides for conscripts into the South Vietnamese arnw to serve 15 years. Recently ten Buddhist students were drafted s out of their -university into the army and subsequently staged a hunger strike in protest against the new I-mobilization order.'This mobilization order, of course, L came about because of the American pressure to force the Vietnamese to participa1 more actively in the war, a thing that they are obviously increasingly reluctant to do. In two interviews Thich Tri Quahg, the most forceful and well-kfnown S Buddhist leader in South Vietnam, stated that one cannot discuss a coalition government or relations with the NLF or even the Americans without first stoppirq the war. Thich Tri Quang also stated that present American policy created 92 communists. He said the _policy was -so disastrous that every objective as stated about producing a Vietnam according to American objectives was unobtainable. R J. He felt, therefore, that the present policy must be reversed before the other s questions could be dealt with as the war made these questions impossible to_ i resolve. There is no doubt that as the war proceeds even the nationalists may I be reluctantly driven to closer coll ahoraticn with the M.-F as moderate and middle ground. is eliminated by the Americans. The very Vietnamese group which could enter into negotiations with the NLF and who could moderate and have substantial effect on any NLF program, the Buddhists, is being harshly dealt wit] by the American establishment in conjunction with the Thieu-Ky government as _ we press on for elusive military victory. The inability to have free and open elections, the inability for a press to function within the Saigon-controlled v I , _ _,__ . _ - - _ . - - . _ 1| .. I - __ Q. - 1 __ _ 92, ~_ ---. 92 92I - - is 1' -_ - r -ale __ _ _;_..I- - - --..' -. .92- . --- . The end result is that the Administration pursues an ever expanding war and creates an illusion with the American public that it will soon be over. _ _ 01--c:.uv.u..LJ.c _'gc.v921.-92_r -92~:1¢92 nu: nnnwuwpqqn Izuuiiuuua -GI-92-92 _|,U;:| 14-an-In Q-I Lu. .L.|.92'U=I1-In-was -no-JGLJU -I--q.-ua-owner-on 9;, assure: Eucaan-ans Inavu l:u..|.A.92: It"l:1Q 1.91-5 I-G avuvuu.Lau._y EQ-1921I~.9292AvI'i'92'92921' refuse to tel-cs the steps which could lead to negotiations. Because of its poor milita:~;.-' posturein Vietnam the Administration presses this grim war oi attrition until it calculates it can dominate any negotiation or force unconditional _ _ surrender." '- i ' 5- The Quelierc Evert-as i ' ' A year later the Quang Ngai Hospital looks grimmer and more overwhelmed 1.v1'-PH-l. lljl vu.-we .-....v 0-:¢:ns'|+ie5 vuu-|. '|"h:n} w J-92I-l92-II '|ae'."n1-an nu + I-us4-he §'{s-use v.uu ua cgsyn! nu won-1. +1145 l.hr92_'l-.=-A - .1-.¢ -V--92...1'92nqh'1+.2- :1 veer.-.---. as---a HRH a 750 patient load plus some patients on porches and entryways who were not A actually enrolled in the hospital. It continues to be a shattering experience ' to walk through these over-crowded wards with patients two to a bed, with inadequate medical staff and inadequate sanitary facilities or even water. I observed patients leaving the wards and going to the toilet in the grassy spots adjacent to the buildings. Some wards had one cold water spiggot for over 100 % patients. In one orthopedic ward there were 28 beds with T7 patients present, - o ll: of whom were on a double line of stretchers on the floor of the one corridor. i The previous Sunday t-he3O'at 1:0 admission sard was overwhelmed with 60 civilian wounded who had suddenly arrived after a brief military action some i twelve miles to the north. You can imagine the addition of 60 patients, many I of whom were badly wounded and bleeding, to an already overwhelmed staff and hospital. As Joe Clark, the Quaker director of the prosthesis program, said, _ w "It was sheer carnage. Into this rather grim picture has come the Quaker physical therapy and prosthesis program now operating in a new building where 20 Vietnamese apprentices manufacture artificial limbs primarily from local materials. There is a current production level of approximately 200 limbs a month and an objective of 300 limbs a month under present goals. These limbs are being tted onthe a small other Vietnamese number of the r re over innorthern11,000 amputeesprovinces in of South Quang NgaiVietnam, Province who, nohave like other all available prosthetic se ce. It is a moving experience to see a mother holding the hand of her 14-year-old son as she leads him through the practice steps of learning to walk with an artificial limb. There is also a forgotten ward" which has been turned over to the Quakers which is occupied by what can only be classifie as the human refuse of the war. These are people who are 1 er'too-ill. to leave the hospital and yet who are being pushed out because of the pressure of incoming _ casugties. in old, abandoned building has been scrubbed and put in useable A condition and here a Quaker nurse encourages the patients to get up from their canvas cots to try walking around and encourages their attendance at the _ ' 1' I prosthetic and physical therapy center. Host of the patients are wholly ignorant of the need to exercise the wounded muscles and have no knowledge of the technique: for recovery, particularly when artificial limbs are involved. - let they are eager I r learners with the encouragement and love of these Quaker workers. Ln outstanding service of binding up the wounds of war is now underway iddch in time will match those other great Quaker;"storiessuch asthe child-feeding program in Germanyor ¥ service in tne Soviet Union during the llussian famine. One must be aware that many of these patients have active infections and during their physical rehabilita- tion the Quaker workers are changing bandages. Many poor medical practices cause severe problems. For example, one young lad had his foot in traction and a tightl- bandage around his ankle. This was never changed or his position moved for severi weeks with the result that the constricted circulation of blood plus his wounds caused severe leg infections and almost total atrophy of the foot itself. i r L r =29- E v 1 1 1 Q.5. ___i-.....-----..__;- -.-i..__.._ '*'-'#i_'?'. ' '_ _~ in _ . ._ __. I - :_'_-___,-., li .__ .r; . -.:_.._ - '" _,,- i. V- ____..=.¢___ .n..i,__,__ _ , , y ...-___._.i___iV I _ _ . _ 1 . ; ._ ' - ' ._ ._ ,.....1 Y ._.; . -- _. -~ ' r I _ _ . _ . . 92. _ -,_ , _ .-. ______e 1- . . ._ - | , .-_ I --92 d - -, .lV '92 -up i~ _ '- _ .92l ~ 4 ~ * _. _ a ' , He is now undergoingtherapy exercises on a regular basis and comeseach day from the forgotten ward to the-rehabilitation center for his treatment. 92 Host of the amputationslhave been done not by doctors but by "surgical technicians" who are totally unfamiliar with proper amputation techniques for V subsequent fitting of prosthetic devices. The result is the bones are often.cut leaving sharp points and the flap of the skin is sewn together at the end of the bone rather than being pulled over the stump and sewn at the back of the limb. _'I'hismakes fitting of prosthetic devices more difficult and painful for the patient and in some cases additional surgery is sought by our prosthetic director ' and the nurses. -However, in an overloaded hospital it is difficult to find free . time on the part_0f the surgeons for this type of repair surgery. .,_ The case histories which the Quakers are now compiling indicate that the overwhelming majority of these civilian victims were injured by mortar and canon fire and by small arms fire, often from unknown sources. Many of the victims were in what were regarded as friendly md secure villages but who received wounds from Harassment and Interdiction Fire which is mortar fire initiated by the Americans to "keep the VC on the move and awake - during the night. Some victims were caught in mortar engagements between Vietnamese and American military groups but any accurate tabulation of the cause of the casualties is extremely difficult. One can only say that these are the victims of war and that it is a profoundly 1 I moving Quaker service of human compassion that carries a great message of love 4 and reconciliation in the midst of the horror. V The Day Care Center for children who have lost at least one parent in the war has settled down into a program typical for that of a nursery school. The children are given rudimentary reading and writing skills as well as number recognition and participate in collective exercise and games as well as receiving two snacks during the day and a hot meal at noon. The over-crowded schools of Qua r- Ngai will not accept students into the first grade who cannot at, least read and write. Theresult istgat thechildren fromthe QuakerDay CareCenter arebeing Z" admitted into the publi school system. Advanced classes for older refugee girls continue in sewing and diet and an active social work training program is proceeding under the direction of two Quaker social workers not only in conjunctio with the families associated with the Day Care Center but also with the prosthetic and physical therapy center. Three Vietnamese are now engaged in social work training, a much needed skill in Vietnam. ' ' . In the VISA program the ten young people currently in South Vietnam a continue to function in a variety of service assignments in which they mainly work under Vietnamese direction and within Vietnamese organizations. The VISA program has at its heart an attempt to relate "to the reallconcerns -and cares 1 of the Vietnamese and carries with it, I feel, an important contribution in 1 indicating that there are Americans who do not share the methodsor objectives t of the present American military effort. Rather, it shows there are Americans who are prepared to exprfess support and concern to the Vietnamese that they be 1 given the freedom to find their own way. VISA personnel are new engaged in teaching automobile mechanics to young boys. Che W works in a Catholic hostel Operated for boys between the ages of 12 and 17 who are shoeshine boys", meaning I that they have come adrift and are without family and who scrounge a living by. whatever means they can. I I s -11> -at 4 - 1- ,_,__',,'...,_,,,__.-_. V " 'e.,.a____' ' _.,,_,_._1-. .¢# a...._____._ ' - _ _'______..._._.._:i_.... y ..__- ___--.-- ., P 3 . _ _ .. . ,1 4! 4 i - .~ ~ L ' . - ' 0 - " .- ' 4 _ -- T s s .. ;. ;. > W - - . ' I ,4: "' '5 an: " - i s In . Cf f . a 4 ... 1 u '> .. fl __ s _ , , s This hostel offers a home atmosphere and some educational and employment assistance where a bakery is operated. Other VISA personnel are working in Buddhist educationa S institutions, two in the Saigon Chile- .ren=sHospital andothers in medical programs in the Pleiku area involving imzsunization and drug distribution . Work assignments often change, however, and it is difficult for new VISA arrivals to enter into a ' 0 work assigrment promptly. This is because the objective is not work for work's__ I sake but to find an assignment in which a sensitive interpretive job can be done. ' v T One can only feel after discussions with many Vietnamese that the Quaker -program anVietnam is a valuable contribution. For example, Dr. Ton That Thien ' and Au Truong Thanh expressed a strong desire and concern that Quakers continue to work in South "- ietna.:n. As they put it, "The work here gives you a basis to =92 5-; understand what is going on and enables you to remain in touch with those of us ' who are struggling to devise alternative means to this war." There has been % concern among some American Quakers as to whether or not the basic anti-war position F 1- of Quakers is understood in Vietnam. It is here that one of the most remarkable changes has taken place within the year separating my two visits to Vietnam. Quakers are very well known to many large sections of the Vietnamese community. r 92 Not only has the almost two years of the VISA and Quang Ngai programs achieved a measure of acceptance and understanding but also the numerour Quaker visitors to Vietnam plus the newspaper ads and book and the gener posture of Qu ers respect to the war have made clear our position. The voyage of the Phoenix has I i also reinforced our position. The Phoenix has had a particularly strilcing effect in the Buddhist commtmity where it is felt the voyage highlighted the repressive u situation in which Buddhists found themselves and indicated a Quaker understanding 1 of it. While the voyage of the Fhoenix has produced some hostility in some quarters, on balance it has reinforced the position occupied by Quakers with respect to the war. I came away with the feeling that when all of this is over, if the American government would like to recoup in some small way a tiny measure of what has been lost relations between Americans and Vietnamese, it would be an astute move to appoint a Quaker ambassador to Vietnam. - . I if _ H _ - _ -. - - *- Q - I 1 ' . 1. L 1. 1 IE _ ' T-31- __ I ,a- _ '92 - -_ - _u-n l 9292 -u ..-=. ..-e>_t_.....L4,_____'-'_"_ --_.a...... ,- L . "-e '- . 1 _ - 92 V _ 7,-=._-e____._|______*i V; _ A:7-" -' --- -.._-; -re--_ - _...a._..._ 7 _ - ______;______.;____-______.__ __ 7'-_ i -'-~ --- . - .4 1; i. V 1 . 1 -. ! . - "f. H _ n - " . - i A H _ V I ""? n*=~' 1958 edition of Quaker Service Middle Ailz iit ?§rio-el Ldition, issued by the AISC, Be1t;nore, M¢.. contains an article captioned, "War interrupts APSE programs in Vietnam by EROHSON CLARKP. revealedthat a1lA.SCT work in Vietnam was suspended for the time being in mid-February because war conditions made it impossible to continue. Personnel " here being flown to BongKong andSingapore as conditions permitted. No decision had yet been reached on theihture of 1 the programs. 1 The article noted that BRONSON P. CLARK spent the ' Month of December 1967 in Vietnam revisiting many of the sights and peoples he had seen a year before. At that time he reported . a widening of the war to include ' all Southeast Asia, a eved lo p g in d lcpys re anc between administration claims of progress in the war and reality, a growing anti-Americanism, and a new eagerness ? on the part of uncommitted' ' South Vietnamese intel' 1 ec uat ls to 2 negotiate with the National Liberation Front. 1 J | n .92 _ 3 . I P 2 1. 92 rt 1 .' - .92 . F . . u l _ , ._ u * --3I- '_,_--~... --Q-p~v.»- A.|---_r-.._ --.. -~_T* ,-_ -...-_. _ __ -....., _ __ J '7 Y -:e-in-.., __ - -- _ ...... _ ._..._. 92 P = ' " ' i O I - , ' _ '| ; _5; ,___ ;-. L _ ._ -.. - -"-, _-. -.. 0 -H-~" 1 .. e u'A--We =-eijc I . . J. I 4 . Di . r . i A_ P 'RATIO!-{AL GUARDIAN The "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications", revised and published as of December 1, 1961 by the Committee on Un-American Activities, U. S. House of Representatives, documents the publication "National Guardian" as follows "Established by the American Labor Party in 19%? as a - 'progressive' weekly * * *. 'Although it qgnies having any affiliation with the Communist Party, it.h s mani ested it- 8 self from the beginning as a virtual official propaganda ann I of Soviet Russia." _-_ on Committee Un-American Activities Report, - Trial by Treason: The National Committee . L to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and f Hbrton Sobell, August 25, 1956, p. 12! 4 --.-U i I ,-,. i . u. . _ - _ , _ - - " " "'-*-'"'-92- -'*'" - r - - ---.-U.--.. - ...._..___ . ._. ._.__ .. .. _ 7 _.. _ _ . " -- ..._ . ' . <1-+. _* W _==¢-B3- .__,Q_'_ ____=;, _ -'-' '_ ~ . ..'l'$§ I|v Ff -1:7; "'f'. ' r : I 1 I I .. - Q __. 9 Q ___ - - - _ . - .. .- F I. I 4 V ' '. -___ . . ' " 5 Q . '. _ 92 A _ K _ ll. ; - '3. -71-." _ "'_, -*1, . ! - _ lr v 5 I : ed - ' N: _-5:; _ 1 _ , l 6; H. g -5- H I A - .__ . .. i_ ' J-.' - 7/ A I I 1 ' : r - . mmwman B:u.r:c.a-a --* - ---9 "*~ - $oc;gL;s@_wo3x;asginrr - A source advisedon February 27, 1967that the Philadelphia _Branch er the Socialist WorkersParty PEER?!is an affiliate of the National sw?, which maintains headquarters ai-..l1 6 .Un2L1'B1 S' it PlaceI - , New York, N Y.. _, and as euch, .Io1J.o1-rsthe zine and purposesof the Rational SHIP.The source advised that the PBS -"JP, whichhas been an activeorganisation in Philadelphia since 3'? 1950, doesnot havea headquarter:at the present. tine,but utilizesresidences of various mez.-. bersmeetings for andfunctions. Thesource added that the PBS :- P utilizes the nane "'Hi1ita.ntLabor Forum"for public affairs andWorkers Part-y" as aballot naeewhen running candidates for publicp ice. The Sh ?has beendesignated bythe AttorneyGeneral of .t.he__United Q ____ States pursuantto Executive Order 10450. _ _ - a 0 .,,,,._ 0 D _ -an-e __ a. _ _.-' . __M .. Iv 1 ... , 1" " ' IS - - 1 _ _ ' a -i . ' ' . < a . _ ' »-- A-- - __ _ .... _ I _f____.__.-_---1- -_-_.___-e.. --- -- , .e_...._,_-_1.,._... _.. _ ._c _ _ __ ,_" - ,~ - - » »» - Q . ,._,_._._.._._ . _ - _ ._92 7,, _ __ ------_---_-_-_--_---A- - - - , ' 0 M x i -__. L _, U#'_,'"._ :L!;s-;--~¢ . ;.. _v..,,,'. ii!,- 2, _ - ' . , :_ I ¢_ - 1 1 ' l , . 4 1_ou1:o__soc;u1sr Atpmqcs s The May, 1960, issue of the "Young Socialist" IS!, page l, column 3, disclosed that during April 15-l7, 1960, a national organization entitled "Tne Ioung Socialist Alliance" ISA! was established at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This issue stated that this organization was formed by the nationwide supporter clubs of the publication IS. The above issue, page 6, set forth the Founding Declaration of the ISA. This declaration stated that the ISA recognizes theSocialist Workers Party SW?! as the only existing political leadership on class struggle principles, and that the supporters of the IS have come into basic political solidarity with the SWP on the principles of revolutionary socialism. On March 10, 1967, a source advised that the ISA was foamed during 1957 by youth of various left socialist tendencies, particularly members and followers of the SWP. The source further advised that the ISA has recently become more open about admitting that it is the youth group of the SW? and that an SW? representa- tive has publicly stated that the ISA is the SWP'syouth group. The headquarters of the ISA are located in Rooms 532-536, Ll Union Square Nest, New York City. ' ' _92_ _ - _ _ - The SW? hasbeen designated pursuant to Executive Order IOLSO. This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. 1 - 0 ~ O ' -ss*- - _a S - 92 e ~ Ir 1 i _ _: -" -.--92»-.~ -.1- --.4 . _-.r 92r r'rr - ~ '1' x . _ . v- » E T * = U192.:no s'r.a'r1=:sor issues DEPARTMENT _ rsnsnu. BUREAUor INVESTIGATION Seattle, Iashington 98104 - IIRl_pl!'.PlIIlIR4_fID larch 29, 1968 , nun; 1 . 5 . P r BE: LIERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE CQHHTTTEE UNITED NATIONS-WASHINGTON SEMINAR MARCH so '1":-moves 6, APRIL1963* __ ti" naroxzmnor:_ ,7 __ "_ concsnnmo*' ______ ' * 7 _ On Hnrch 29, 1968, n confidential source who has furnished reliable information in the past, reported only 19 persons are believed to have registered tor the United I Nations-Washington seminar thus tar. Oi these only the tollowing person is known to be going tron the'stnte oi Iashinsten: g ¢'_mggH_-_._"__»~~i9292 i,---"-" J4_____.. . ,,.__._ - *" "J The American Friends Service Conmittee is the social outreach nrn oi the religious group known as the Society oi Friends Quakers!. I ' This document contains neither 'rec0mmendatiOnS nor conclusions of the FBI.' It is the gropertg 1 of the FBI nnd is loaned to your - * agency; it and its contents are 7 not to be distributed outside it /z-.»'_,//.§9:v-your agency. 5923J r' * ENcLd§U r.F.».- ' c ._4- - %_1__~-i__1-_.»- -4'- __. . - .7 , - -- - s v-r~- 'f » '*'* {:17 *7 _ -'_ '7 2 H - 7 I _- --_.. .--...-~._.,-....-._,..__~----- ,-' 'r"' "' " " ' '_ - ' I 1 'L ! -{ ! '1' I 3126/65' ' > .& 1 o i AIRTEL a 'to: nzatcrsa. rs: / non: sac, uormuc in 1Lh"I'T-DRA!'.' C{>U2*fSELI!-ZG OWSAEIIZATIOH A.!§D- AFPEARLRCE EY DAVID HAYXARD %*;-.:.=;1c.e.:;_ $3-'~?_I :1: cor-r~§I'rrrs AT r.»~;r. co1.1..:c: or i£Ii..LI.A£-IZAED WIT"- i| IL1..IA.'-1Sl-;-URG, VIRGINIA , I/15-20/68 SEBITIOK; SSA, 19!! Enclosed for the Bureau is on: copy each of the following: nix posters, one petition, two bitliocraphies, one itemspamphlet wire distributed and one business rcplyat the captioned card. Allactivity. of these c la in lieu Six of copics LEEto designated besubmitted for 3/21/SI. 'the Bureau llnci airtcl ' 11-.-p :1» mu On s znsxsa1 11 - tho uu/sa Odlti n ¢r '¢o11oague," V 6* * e indt ago o eRoz-folk U 1 an Office and Mary Via faculty I411 newsletter. was re ' ' c identity of the sander. On page butthroeno furthnr marked 1h¢iOltJ.Ol'l in hnlvy blackof the "ink was an cnnouncenont of l nesting scheduled on The Draft and You, lnnouncing that ssveral volunteers Iron faculty and Student body hné formed a Draft Counseling Comnlttee to pro- . wide information concerning legal alternatives to percons _ facing induction into the armed forces. The ites also announced I public meeting Tuesday evening, 3/19/S0, at l:1£ p.I., in the Canpus.Centar Theatre, with Hr. DAVID MAYNARD of the American friends Service Comnittoe present at the acting 7 W 7 7* '7n ": -.3, E 7 - -_' -i|__ . ... _ .. .11.!-=5=z_ 0! " .-~ /0 D, '3... -- -_Ilj,?'1"" " " _ 1&0 HOT W -H F"?: Q%§D 2 .- __ . ._.-4 _,__,,_, _ _,_..._ . .._-,-.._.... .._. " _"*'_"" . _ 7' _ __ " . '- ,._, . . V , I, t _ e92_ 92 ! t 5/ . ' ! I / Pi 3 »i- tc discuss the topic and present a film depittinq the oper- ationvited. of and theDAVIS draft system. JONESH. All College interestedExt. ties l gazas identified were in- . as the person interested parties should contact. CI! 3/19/Q »- -- - l -- - - M »<~=~.--».1+_. g advises she hadbeen presentat the ueetin and_iarnished copies of literature on display there. She stated the iccting was itti cd by =5 to S5 ocrsons, an of these, approxiaatcly ten left before the meeting was over., DAVID MAY£A£D, the principal speaker, was intro» ' duccd by-DAVID H. JOEES, apparently a umber of the faculty. A film was shown depicting the operation of the Selective Service System, which was entitled, Age Ten to Adult. It contained excerpts from remarks by Selective Service Director HERSHEY. advised that two sessions of plnmim; and individual advice were scheduled for Wednesday, 3120/B8, during which more individual advice concerning legal means of evading the draft could he obtained on an individual basis. " A question and answer period presided over by HAYHARD lasted approximately fifteen minutes, and included discussion of Landed Immigrant Statue in Canada, uhich was raised by a question from the audience. Literature available for uhich charge was nade was substantially identical to that on the enclosed______literature f __ _ ._,._ list_7_ and _ _ _ _ "--7-~'*"""" ' abridged bibliography.''' TJTWZ7 I ' - __._...__.._.v__,,|-a-.---.92l L. it . i ,, t e,.._,_e- -.J $*<921<1=1=t= for Liberal Action, a campus organization recognized by tce college, which is the center of most controversial activities on the campus, and which enjoys a membership of about twenty. The organization has, in the past, sponsored anti-Vietnam demonstrations and is generally acthilt. i -Pa -Q-. P __,____....______i_ _'_%______;___ __ V 92_ 7-__,.¢..c.-.-_= - . -_ q . : _ A 1! o i : / | | __ 1. -0 S.'.3, Hcrfoll: 3/25/63 ' Y I _ . /I1./'*:: i__;_. __ 92 u;rCCiOr, -.:'c=.:1*-.=.*:I:> .2-Y 1;'.<:::.~.r.n_ LLQQ .3 =, _ " .-2':ccz;_:-3: or J.-'ILLIP..T.I1.29.? V AICDg 1. ~ .. , 3/1-2 - 2-2/as sxrrzczr; ssa, 12:43 * DYE T COUESELIKG ORGAHIZATIOR ARD' LI -35s; I-r E-»_e'. .-'§a-.'.iis CQl:.'.§I..-.1... 'ILLI1IC3§ G VIRGINIA i Ecurairtel dated 3/20/68. _ 92 . 7 -7-1 ':7 "' ' 'L ~n.--s-n-||-1 -' _ ___ __ ¢__i » W 7 !. lw-if --- - "*" H '1 ' y . g * - a Q _ ' 92¬..-AR9-1953' 2 - gt ;'. COMM-FBI __ . _ I _ _ . _ . _ . | F NOTE:Norfolk _ Office reports that members offaculty and s _ Counselingstudent body at WilliamCommittee. A public and Mary meeting College have washeld formed on 3/19/68a Draft in the Campus Center Theatre, where literature was handed out _. concerning draft actitities. There was a uestion and answer £9? nf ero inconnection this withmeeting._ >._ t ,'|'ollnn .._.i_._ DILQQG i.._ ' cvnc-uh row nono In-In ' ! i UNI II-2IDITQI III GD: 3-G $.11 ' UNITED STATES Gt EZRNM BN1 /llemorarzdunfi to = DIPBCTOR, FBI DATE! 3/12/ea ' e. U, .. . me»,t,,"5 ;.c, memes.1.os 00-711B8 au_c! s - _ 4? e $Un £T: ;HERICAKUNITED FRIENDS NATIONS- WASHINGTON SERVICEcoaxzrrss SEMINAR ,_ 7_ I o - n 0:J4 MARCH INFORJLATION 30 THROUGHCONCERNING{IN'lERNALAPRIL 6,1968 ,//Z, _ _1 _ SECURITY! Reseattle 2/15/66, Airtel captionedas abo've..j i l i" he a copy cation oi the American Friends Service Committee Pacific thwest Hegio: 980 North Fair Oaks, Pasadena, California, which included in ; as-92n'1§r92nr{nv92 nus Q0-Q-qnrinv-H-,1. n§- I-L-A ->4. -.1-l..~..-..I -..-1-.-.-g _-A -a-.-- I- ;-q-ra.-:-vav.|.vu Av; uvvwauuauul: nu Inuw vnyviull u 561111.31-:11, UH 11156 4| columns |.p-5- This notes that it is merely for information only and not an official registration form. The infcrnation in the notice indicates that the seminar is limited to'3S menand wane from the west...-who can share new-round insights when they retu home. The application contains room for the applicant to ans: the following question,'I can share this experience with others _ in my church and comnmnity in these uays:"' /66issue of publi gp An articlepage on column 2, of this3],issue the of IFS x REPORTER," captioned, ED BOHGERSto Talk with U.S. Oongressrner states as follows: _"To talk things over" with members of Congress, the AFSC sends representatives from throughout the country to an annual Haehington, 13.0. Visitation. - Departmen'}1Il§¬OBG E.RS, of Te1ecommR ns' Beach his Friend and chairman,Long - year's -region' 1."rEpresenta'tiv{1'romthe March21-29 -4..-nz r.- .". 1 »,_,_. _- " "'.'Pleasewri?: @ BORC-ER s H " visit. It helps to open doors to ask for an interview, to indicatewho Dr.BORGEHS and-Zjielr is erlectyour om 01 @-- Bureau RM! h - 1 - Seatt1e RM! Rf is 1 - Los Angeles 00-71185! - /1 3?; t 1 - nos 111563-B8 3l&-2505A! __ '- . 1 - Los ings1e= oo-e95B9!I' I>'B'oac£:as!- d 1 - GH¬0 Ird o! RM! . ._y: HEP, ut *- c_,.4MAR 14 §1MAR1 §§a ! B a ~- _ _ __, _.. ., § _ _ K J _92 I J . , _ - . _ I LA 100-71188 _ j concern about issues affecting peace. He will not be lobbying, of course, for any legislation but will visit his congressman and yours as a citizen and an _ LFSG representative . ED BORGERS is well infonmed, an articulate speaker and devoted to the cause of peace. Upon his return, he will be available to report on his visit. Send a copy of your letter to your congressman to ED BORGERS so that he will know who has been advised of his visit. This will also enable him to speak of any concern you express to your congressman. His ad- dress is l960 Knoxville Ave.. Long Beach 90815. rife-i-the-r both of whomare acquaint: with various peace-oriert- __ 3 ps the Los Angeles metropolitan area, were contq edct " ?** °' _ an d w e r unawaree of the identities of any persons from the Los Angeles area who might be going to participate in the Hashington,D.C. seminar, fro March I through April , 1968. ~ ! -- ;.--.-..-.,.. , _. , _ _, .. _ i. _ Iii _-_ I... _" ' ____ .;',_'._.. . :.'-:_ =: ;-;-"- _-I- r - _ " ..--~. s_,_@¢T~:*=- 7 ~ ., --r..=.~ - .':-I:e.'~'--,1*- '6 ..-,.,_._ . i. _ - ~ L -K A ' " t i'-'-'-'i"'.""E'*, -v''_ 'The some informant advisedon 11/1866," t -tI ' v. the Long Beach Citizens for Qeace was a new organization which had originated in Long Beach during late 1966, for the pur I pose of sponsoring weekly silent vigils on each Saturday starting in mid-November 1966 TheQ vigils were to protest the nature of thq war America is waging in Vietnam, according to ED BORGERS has never been the subject of investigation -- by th Ane Les ge l esff o ice, . h th owever, e 9 l 66 C Direct ampus cry, a for_ the University of Southern California U30! lists on page 55 0 EDWARD U Q BORGERS, Associate Professor of Telecommunications, Room Ehh I pnlan Hancock Foundation Building, Childs Hay and.Univers! Avenue business telephone RI 6-2168!, residence 1960 Knoxville, .Inng Beach hone telephone h3l-h0lS!. ,_ _ ' .92'; »_§gs;§ _ g..-.._-'jq::___,_ V .__ ,. _ r_,_, 7 . . the 0 er information addsnothing new do hat already given in Seattle : letterhead memorandum of 2/15/68, it has not been repeated in an LHH here. Informants have been alerted to furnish any information coming to their attention which would lead to the identification of persons from Southern California who may participate in the Washington, D.C. seminar. Any such information received will be promptly furnished the Bureau and interested offices in a fornr suitable for dissemination. This matter is considered RUG. e. 02]-n ._ _~- - __.._..---- ....-..92_.-'_..------,______--.. .. * _ ..__-,-,,-____ -, __..____, .___..i;_ -__ -- -,-_ _ _ ~ ,,,.k=__-is7 " 7" "';'_ " __ ;,_ ..92 mun ronnear: cotmsi-:Loa. "- f! ' Three-sessions: Febrr"ry 22, February 29, and Ma- hi? Thursdays! T111162 Puma Q0 lk POMO ' Place: St. Augustine's Church, ll? Liberty Street, Elisabeth, 5.3. Cost: _$ 3.00 for materials, plus a nominal amount_to cover the trans- portation expenses of the leader. , Leader : Hark D. Lyons, American Friends Service Opmmittee . It is assumed that all trainees are prepared to make themselves known a: counselors in their communities, that they are prepared to spend 25 hours training during a three~week period % hours in training session: the rest of the time to be spent in preparation for the session! and a minimum of three to six hours per week counseling-once they have been trained. Registration islimited to nine personsper seminar.Send registrations to the Rev. Elmer L. Sullivan, ll? Liberty Street, Elizabeth, N.J. or call 2&1-3832. _. -. '_ D L AGENDA ' '. ' ' . - 5DVANCE MATERIAL: Background material on ncnviolence and counseling conscientious objectors. _ _ . . FIRST SESSION: 2 hours - Group Counseling Session with trainees as counselees: Why are you here? - i hour - Introduction to UMTSA, the law and SSS structure V. _ _ Distribution of advance material for 2nd session hours of preparation will be essential! ADVANCE MATERIAL: Manual on draft law procedure and two problems to be solved on the basis of procedural themanual. SECOND SESSION: 2 hours - Selective Service procedure, taught principall _ through the use of hypothetical cases, beginning with ' - __- the problems assigned at the first session. Q hour - Brief introduction to the C. 0. provision of _H pthe draft law and SSS Form 150 ' Distribution of advance material for third session ._ _ re hours or preparation will be essential} TDVANCE MATERIAL: Handbook and Form 150 to be completedby trainees. THIRD SESSION: 2 hours - Discussion of Form 150's andpractice '- -counseling by trainees. . .. - _ Q hour - Beginning counseling: that will the program ' ' in your community be. , " , ' . _ __ g - , '92 . . 3_5_¢_ F .2.5 x. .92. 1.! In. O nu; . _ -" = , I ' V -92_.- i; 1, The World Law Fud is a non-profit organization for l the promotion of non-violence between nations. .a .. World Law Fund is a non-profit organization designed to educate and promote the elimination of warfare between nations, The World Law Fund works with and through existing educational institutions and organizations creating its own ' educational structure.only where it is absolutely necessary U92 for specialized assignnh. a A ' Y, The World Law Fund has four Iain directions: '1. The publication of study material and suio Visual aids. 92- ' _ 2. Tb promote instruction of teachers. ' _p ,_ _ 3. The Ubrld Law Fund tries to convince the leaders _ - of academic institutions that the subject of world order is a 92 --H ,1, legitimate subject for incluéion in the c rritutun. p 1. a . 4. 'TheFund works to promote progress of study '1. in othr countries vhich is similar to the prpgrams initiated '**T'the in United States. ' ~ - -a V . r - ' 1 ' According to this source, the Ucrld Law Yud is a ' ~e; Iholly owned subsidiary of the Institute for International Order, Incorporated, The Institute for International Order, Incorporated, is a non-profit organization designed to proote "* " through education, the support of the United Nations and hopes . .t H to strengthen it and enable it to maintain,peage, - . _ - f 1 . .. - , -..._ .,__ _.- .' __,___4§_.=_'_--,, . _ .e_ _ _ --- _ , _ t .. _ __, _ __ , ~- - _.__,.r - 4-- _ ,1¢3'~f -.»"".L'1_": -:*§1 :;=_ , 1- .- - ~ _ H I 9r *!'-'.,._ - '-~ ....,.-.:~ -:+.-;_: _ .-- ;,.,. __ *'".~. _,_ 92 a " , 5, _ a -._- - M . V a__ . ,_-a V - A --. - _ ' , -P _, _ _. . '- . --- -, 1}. W,- - ,; ,_. 4-; - ._ '-_, '7..-~_~.~-. -**?l"*'~. . ~., _ ,_ .7 _ . _ .,._;;92--_,~ ______-., _-» .-.-. r-- -." -_-..., - .. . .,_-.._.. ._. ,-1L I .__., . .- _ - 7 .. -» ' --*7?"?"'.----; "" -"-. ,.'-2. ;-" .'-f; ,-... -sq 5 ..T.t- .'~"-"1, 1% ._~ 92 92 - e ' -1 e -'-.-_ '3". ' ~ -.. -- s ~ ' - , ' .- " '2 ' -1-.-.- . . 1 !-":7-. .__1_._ ,- -_ . ' '** .. " - 1 _ _' "' ii... -.._~. l . .__ 4 Q 2 no ' 92'-L 3 ' i - Z .I . I . ' Y ' I 92 K iézggxd,- E;-P92? ¥":_t§h'1'r1»:o FEDERALBUREAUDEPARTMENT or Jvsfrxcz orzmvssrlcerxdh sums l_a?b' air Philadelphia, Pennsylvania " f"'~ February 1s, use _ QUAKBR AC§I0 ,GRQg§ Referenceis made to Philadelphia conmunication of January 26, 1968. &__ . , furnished the following items of literature received from a Quaker Action Group, QAG! 20 South 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., which describe the activities of the QAGand the voyage of the ketch "Phoenix." 1. QAG Newsletter #9, dated January 1968; - 2. Pamphlet captioned "Voyage of the Phoenix;" 3. A petition captioned Witness Against Conscription," issued by QAG;- H. Pamphlet captioned "Human Rights Are for Everyone," issued by QAG. Copies of the above items are attached. or I I . " .4 _ - 1 e 1:BcI»0sUR! , s 6 ' i. _"n,_-/V¥!++/?57.7< ;i_-.m_iai.. . . ___ - - V ~ ' -- A7 -- ~ -- .- ..-. ______|_-___._.:__.___. ' ' if _/i_ Qua7ce1'Acti0rzGi 014£L ! O. - " 2t _ :uth 12th Strttf,Philadelphia, Pennsylvaniaé . Ne'wsletter~' 9 ' No. Telephone 15! LOc:.'s£ 3-7537 Jam-331?» ima __ 7 i i _ ~ =_ _ ___ L ? : '~ --' 1'--JJ 1 _"'_41 .-' ti6n519.n¬§-_'; ' " ithéI 5Httl3 &Ct~i92 iti¬5%QLlf 3T:SW 1| : "" _ 5 -92- _._._,.__._... __ ;_, .. i 1'-..,_..,..._ ' ":' :_ -' i , ~, -' _ :92. .'- - . .7 92'; ___! '- - .. .. --- ._ .. 1I b L"':"" -' Q-II --_.- . _ . - _ . - _ , V: . ,-w ____-. _ - . _t_ i --._,_'___ _ _ i "' .__'f"'1- I- '__l I ..._' 92_J_.__~__ .._~ u _ g--¢__,___- '- l:'. ,'..-__- -' - --~ 92 . -~ -- - _ _ _- -.- - - . _ ;L-.»---__- x,_ __.-. 3,- _-....-- .- 19.. "1" _ ' '__".'.' _4--- " - -It-_ 1 " .. ' . -'__ '» .- _a . ; . a -__.,_____'q. _ - __ :___;. _ - .- ' --_.p . -. I-_ , - -_ _ __ - 1.. . - . __ _ V _ : _ __..___..._._..--- ' "" s_.5 Eso all ' 55- '1.- J cw.- that the building 0 world comrnunity is an e: -O . I r.lIY'lh92§I fI Jll .-i1- i'}_ tial forstopping 92:5ars. "'1 -en! nun-" ,n-"'i . -I-*_-I. 7 '.§'7' ',- : " I. ' - .-L- -..-121*--'1 As a new year communication we give _ _ 1-"-1-*-~r I:-C some of the principles of our program. i ._ as-:><15 _ - Our motivation is religious, but we believ __ 'J°l.J.. "--_----Q.t ligion and life should be completely merg . . 2 __-_..,__ L '_- _ __ __. ____,_._.- -.;_r--,~ _£f: - ". __.-_---_'a 3::-'25"? ?_-Tum- -a st:-Tr ' v --Our method is nonviolent direct action cons" I ' - in such a mariner as to be cooperative ' . . . . 5 . . Hui 12'! --- - others who are engaged in more tradil peace education, legislative action, and b.|l92{ h 92lr|l'¥ .I|'l1 _ nomic and social change. ' :1 . w-- f_ _Tl = Q"-1 , is-as,-9 ? .- -%']_. C-7: l: f ' --The primary cause of war today is arme A ;t 8... ;- inf_ P ; :.__""_,::_L.:i-fl: tionalism; the primary requisite for pea _ 92_,/'' -- _ fr. A world community. Therefore we oppose tary conscription and armament by nal states, even to the point of civil disobedi We affirm world community by the direct 2 of bridging the barriers of travel and hur tarian aid imposed by wars between a states. --Since we believe that just laws and governi are a condition for world community vw deavor to engage in nonviolent direct actio civil disobedience in such manner as to mote limited world government and heal unarmed national governments. This is r easy task in the midst of domestic and l revolution, yet we do not believe that 2 disruption and destruction by individual groups is any cure for the present worl -archy of armed nationalism. Citizens was MASSAR from Black Sta: force nations to disarm only when there sense of world community with its institi of justice and equity. PHOENIX TO TRY AGAIN In addition to projects against the war in S east Asia, in the coming yearwe shall affiri We have hope that the Phoenix will be able to right to travel to Cuba. We are concerned to _ I ' o , . K/,!.. ., QT ,1 _ , . , SOUTH 92'lETl92'Ai.'.MD REBUFFS The government was not hostile; it gave us W so ' "HA_LF;H,0;iG.lN'[i:lE..l'?|CIURE_AGAlN_____Plsn_o'_.9.Llin1.¢._1I_Qr_.?ePai1;e.feieuli s. lidrrv- __.:,__. W, _. or e _,}:,i§ig{u'ing-,_lt,a1l992vedMiss Kygko __-____ Koda, the. rep- _ _ r¬sentati92'etheteam on from the Japan 1- G308 in Vietnam Committee, and George Lakejv, Prdjecl The second voyage of the Phoenix started well. The South Director, to help Carl with provisioning and then Vietnamese government grcntc-d visas to the crew and no to fly out Kyoko for medical reasons and George problems were expected. The Phoenix sailed ior Do Nong, for interpretation work in the U. S.! t South Vietnam on Noveml.-er l4, i957, with $5,030 in medi- - cal supplies tor civilian victims oi the war. At Da Nang the Phoenix was met hy a South Vietnamese government gun hoot and held incornmunicado. The crew was prevented from WHITHER PHOENIX? unloading the supplies or talking to reporters. Atter several Q days in the Da Nong area the crew, in a desperate attempt When Hanoi told AQAG last fall that U.S. bomb- to get the medicines to sutiering civilians, soiled to the ing was too great to risk another Phoenix voyage mouth oi the Melzong river hoping to talk to South Vietna- to Haiphong, it suggested Cambodia as an alter- mese governmentofficials. Again they were rebuffed. The native route. Now that Cambodia is in a delicate South Vietnamese government has given us no reason why Qihrq nn l-ionni has aoroari that the Phnsnisr miohi they will not allow the Fhoenix to deliver medical supplies ------.--I --- -~- -.-U -5- --1- ----a ----., - -.-_- .--- --» --- to the sutiering victims of the war. George Lalcey, Proiect come to Haiphong during a bombing pause. No ' Director,wrote the iollovring account: press on this, please!. While uncertainties re- pmain, the Phoenix has set its sights for the bomb- ing pauseat Tet, the,Buddhist NewYear, whiél". comes at the end oi January. It will carry medi- cal cargo for the Red Cross Societies of NLF and Twenty-one days had passed since we left Hong Democratic Republic of Vietnam, some of which Kong and, as we vigiled at the mouth of the Me- has been contributed by the Friends Service Coun- kong River off South Vietnam's coastallimits on cil Britain! and the Oxford Committee for Chil- December 5, we had to decide: should we sail for ' drenof Vietnam Britain!. Cambodia? We were low on food and water. The On Christmas day Skipper Bob Eaton ordered - Phoenix had twice been damaged by South Viet- the anchor up and the Phoenix with crew Beryl namese Navy ships colliding with us, and maneu-. Nelson, John Bra:-zton, Chris Cowley and Mary- vers apparently designed to promote more colli- ann McNaughton, started the long journey back tc sions. The Mekong River route to Cambodia was Hong Kong. , ' . denied us by the S. Vietnamese government, but we could sail south to the Gull of Siam and then north to the Cambodian port of Sihanoukville. If -Inn I!I'I.92I92'I-A I".-..-.-.1-..-.A:.-92 enn f!f92-111! n-r-11 -n O-Tun -92192----¬_ TIC "c1llu Iv92! 92lQl.I.1IJ92J92-|-92l-a-WU 92-e92J92|lI92J CAPLULG I-MC w§=l_ suooa _ bility of giving our cargo to the National Libera- tion Front, a project AQAG had planned earlier On December 22 I visited with the leader of the but_ not expected to accomplish until later. pacifist Buddhists, Thich Tri Quang, in the Ar Quang Pagoda in Saigon. Why, I asked, did the 'W0..... r...... _... 'nninho m1'r~...... J...... uanhttnwarril ...... -... nmhn ia ...... _,.,._..,...., H-..nnf ro-..., %uth Vietnamese government, after giving us alizing that while we were at sea news reporters visas in Hong Kong, reverse itself and deny us alleged that an NLF camp was found in Cambodian territory and the U. S. was beginning to give way entry? again to its temptation to widen the war. When AQAG Field Representative Carl Zietlow talked Americanpressure causedthe reversal, and to us on our arrival December 11 near Sihanouk- you can quote me on that, he replied. ' ville, therefore, he had bad news. The Cambo- Were you discouraged, he inquired gently. dian government had reversed its earlier welcome -I admitted it. 7 to us in the light of the battle for nationm survival -Don't be, heurged, going on to describe another 'was it facing, and regretfully was unable to give way for us to send the medicines intended for permission to the Phoenix to land. It did not want the Bud@ists. Remember, he said, that yot to offer the U.S. a.nother pretext for charging that have done something which badly needs doing I Cambodia in general and Sihanoukville in partic- -the Phoenix has dramatized the wickedness oi niar are supply routes for the NLF. this war. We are grateful for that and for the friendship of American Quakers who struggle as we do, for peace. . _, ______ ____._.____.,,_nA-__n_i_._.._...,__.,____. _.___- .._,,_.__.i___._,___.._ "v . _." Hensletter Ho. 9 ' - J Page'3 ' o 3 -. n _ t . _. . _ I I 92__,~n_ . _. . ___ _-._ - v CO£Fb1t1' "" -;i»_;H 3" -"'" 1" ';~ "*"iI"= aiu=tA la* _. - s'1 .*=.'fs - -r-_-;~_n 51> an-gr: w-u _. .L»_..:.--..L| r.t-1;: _ , . I - 4 I _7 .; The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Washington, D.C. recently ruled in the Staughtcn Lynd passport case that the State Department cannot refuse to issue his passport to a U.S, citizen who refuses to promise to abide by travel re- strictions. The Court said the State Department does not have authority to - restrict the travel of Americans under existing lau. The Department of Justice has announced that it will take an apoeal to the Su reme Court so until that _...... a...... 1.... 4.h______....92._ _¢- .L|._ _.__-._ .5-'1.I _ P _ s s _ uu'.u.'u dkiuiiu_.r: pso::yc:.*u: u.92. uus crew." D1. L116 rfl s iii one .-'E. 1'1Lto 1'i.JI'D!1 vie onam ' remain revoked. And just recently the_Adninistraticn has had introduced into -Congress a bill making it a-CELEB for b.5. citizens to travel to countries or regions ruled off-limits bv the Secretarv of State; the legislation would im a pose criminal J penalties. Congress:an'¥.J§B. Born of South Carolina has intro- duced in Congress a bill providing for one year in prison and a maximum fine of 1000 dollars as punishment for violating federal travel restrictions. we urge each of you to write your congressmen and urge him to vote and speak. against"infringeIent on the basic right to trave1._ In your letters you may - wish to call attention to article 13 of the Universal Declaration.of Human - Rights, signed by the United States: _ _ ' _'¥ Article 13. ! Eueryonehas theright to freedom - a of movement and residence within ' .1 ' __ the borders of each state '-1 _» ' 92 § Everyone has the right to leave any ~ country, including his own, and to ; return to his country ,- »- . Early in DecemberAQAG madeapplication to the Treasury.Departmentfor release I of funds totaling 1500 dollars frozen in two Philadelphia banks by-order.o£ the - Treasury; us are asking release of the funds to meet present obligations of l the committee. If the.funds are not released to AQAG wewill initiate a civil - . action in the U.S. District Court to compel their release. - _- - . 0 _ 4 7 us get information thatthe Treasury Department continues to assemble infor- i-mation in its effort to bull d a _ i:level case - . °__ avainst .,_.,the __,; crew of Phoenix7 thatp . . 'nentNorth to Vietnam and possibly ACAG committee members onthe grounds_of. ; ' trading and conspiring to trade with the enemy; us understand that Treasury ' representatives have approached sous of those who were on the voyage to - North Vietnam to testify for the government, Qt course, the government V already knows about AQAG s efforts to provide a-token of medical supplies to _the people'ofNorth Vietnam since it,is the policya 'of AQAG to_1nform the ' " _ -government of its actions before undertaking themi .ue have always recognized , the possibility of the government seeking indictments against the crew and . r . . members of_the committee. In the neantire, ue_continue uith our ejjorte tof build a nor1d_nithoutAwar;__l__l;_ e.,l-__l;_;______,,_n;_l___l____a_1~;_-2-- _' a l i f';_ '__ Ll: l" - t - tleorge _ M ,- ,. -'_; ',i. : - 1 - ' ._" 5 ' _ ' ' - V - _ - -1 - A» - '_- _ .,-y_ VI - ~ - - ' ' 92 - i } Eensletter EU 0 9 . f . M I 'Page 1 v - ' - is "c "'P.3T- OT-IT oz-1 11.3»-1. vrc-*1. - ' ".. ' J5 -lch cl our time is spent working against those institutions and practices which dei .cil_t:r ism, conscription, denial of humanrichts, ... govern:ent.barriers between nen,- § v~ -l 4,- -9 .". -5; :"$5- 9292-..~A :.ru4 91. V . J./;'-:2---~92-~ T .:n|;r-I-92n»'I'Iv Ra.-itq A-v ll 92;92-A1.->;-3.; . .92:1'c.r ; .92-v l 92. 92§'§r92r92 UA'92.1._ ua rlvw-92-.1-92J-.|-' Qc-T5 red a vigil at the Uni Iaticns to dezotstrate . that we are for. It res a 56 ho iauous viril affirxin concepts of Corld Conz;_'ty and Universal hunan Rights. I ' - - - The tariat vigil bull was held in the Isaiah Hall Park directly across the street from the U.N. peopl din". E: Lurin: ..: the weekend _ over 159 1' "eooleof . B all a'es aarticisated. _ 5 E1"? e fasted over the weekend to identif" J with the sufferin 1 oeonleJ in the world. °ator:ay afternoon there was a public ritness and affirmation of Freedcs.- Betty Bo and H i-I orace'Chanpney, crew members of the Phoenix voyage to.haiphong, spoke. Later, pay c participants made their titness for norld connonity by publicly stating their refus oco~_ .ar taxes and refusal to be conscripted. The vigil ended Sunday afternoon with Seer'J meeting at our vigil headquarters. Participants heard Lawrence Scott, AQAG Ex e tary, and Scott Herrick, organizer of the San Francisco to oscon Peace Salk, or - t" L6 need for world coczunity. ' ~ Buring the S6 hours ne distributed about 7000 copies of the enclosed leaflet "Human are F o. r Everyone". - Fe . have had man; P requests * for extra copies * s so there has been an printi ng. The leaflets are available from the AQAG office at cost: 1 dollar for 5 .1".36I'npercent discount for orders over_200; _ _ » AQAG STATEIENT OH CDHSCRIPTION T'. A Quaker Action Group is opposed to military conscription as a denial of manis inal right of freedom, violation of human brotherhood, and'because it undergirds the who ten of armed nationalism and war which threatens to to-military support the destroy mankind. We urge resi Coffin Jr., conscription by non-cooperation with the_draft through non-violent mean -;-re!-'..+.-..: 1.... in. -A-I-K-IUCHL Ll conscription resistance activities of Dr. Benjamin Spock, Rev. William . y - Eichael Ferber,_Eitchell Goodman and Larcus Raskin , who have recently D.-H- I.-.v--.'I f"--.-...-.A l'..-.q-.- _ - ' _ Enclosed is JJCLLQSLG-L 92-I.l.GLll92-L IJU-.1 ; . . their non c Ebile AQAG counsels a statement which non-cooperation individuals nith conscription are encouragedwe to Sign as a public nitnes nVn -e in tot a_ ooperation ' 'with the draft system. . - jectcrs and recognise that many sincer write their l_oppos1tion to all ear are led by conscience to register as ccnscientic . accept alternative service. Those who canft sign this statement are ur 1 _ _ own letters of support and mail then to the AQAG office. - ~- ._ .-~---~ 4 ~ r YU92.: sore? = ' 'A Quaker Ac ticn Group is in the processiof developing a long range program aimed at Pr°du¢ti° - focus The 3?b cocmittee developing this project has settled on Dow Chemical ; -ne are non involved in researching the Dow Chemical Company with the idea c theweak l ink s in their corporate structure_and a consumer product which would be a festive boycott item. ea also are probing napalm production: where it is made, hon shipped, et c. If you have access to a college or a large city library and can devc fen hourslt o a specific research-assignment, please write to~Jerry~Coffin, at the'A :s: r lb; ... 1-{ 92 .92 _ . I, V " l'..' " - ._ -.. l '0 l . ' l I. 92'cl J It .. -.9292""' 4,? -'. = " p, >_J-n- , _ _ _ _ ._.._.'._, i,_f_,,',, P .1" if-__| ' q . .. ._ . .. . - l .'.92-- | . °. .r-' l x. ,,'~~,".=_ ".ll£}ll]lL' U5 FUJI-' Mililh IliJllP£'HCll§'§ l$iiil. : VWFHQZEG IN U'li.i1tl1;-l' ]H!MH:I¬.'!*Y . |* lPANARAMA-lTALI' |tN [4 E 1 I EWS WEEKLY!."' " i e 1 ~@@mfnr1jm . n '_. V_i . . '.. ,. .-1' . ll _ ,¢ l 1 " -l. --._. i On March 30, l967, despite warnings by ' .| 1,- the U. $..Government, the fifty foot lcetch '..r * . - .. j l 92 Phoenix soiled into the war ravaged port 5 . l - '-' ' I l_ I 1 of Haiphong, Democratic Republic of Viet- A .1 Nom. She carried ten thousand dollars worth l, . ,_ 92 -- _ r| . of medical supplies consigned to the Red . »_ Cross Society to be used for reliei oi civil- t. ian casualties resulting from the United t -if. States bombing. This act of mercy, spon- ..r.92}4 i sored by A Quaker Action Group of Phila- - | A UUAKCHALIIU kil UUl"l A Quaker Action Group we lfofrmed in July,l i966 by individual member not th e Societyl of Friends from many area l clf the Unitedl %a"e/YEWStates. it is an informaliiassociation oft" ' TELEVISION REVIEW June 14, i967 Friends dedicated to conflonting il't8 ll'i't--;_ it moral and destructive |J0ll¥iB§ of war and='=l . i Voyage of the Phoenix" was one of the violence while affirming constructive alter--|= -a_- few world iournalistic coups that can be natives for the estoblishmelintlof peace and? E1 to act in ail _ -Q claimed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. human brotherhood. We seek lt was a gripping hour that traveled along spirit of nonviolence and love, which welt Ni with U. S. Quakers who soiled their 50- foot ketch loaded with $l0,000 worth of K believe of is conflict anand active the relief force of fTs l''uffering. , . medical supplies for the Red Cross into l U3 l ll North Vietnam. *| "Voyage of the Phoenix" had all the sus- - COMMERCIALRIGHTS - the resolutionr can i I : pense of a film chiller. Showing events of the trip in chronological order, viewers at "Voyage of the Ehoenix"; was various stages were led through a series of the Canadian Broadcasti ' unplanned, unrehearsed high points:Name|y, which retains exclusive wor the Quakers attempts to get passport val- not be televised nor l"l lGY,llOdt11lSS|Ol't be {- idation in Hang Kong, their own "fears that charged for viewing the lil - '_ permission from the CBC.lflel they would be stopped by the U. S. Seventh tions interested In .screeni pal produced by Fleet in the Tonkin Gulf and what events l'9Corporation 1. would occur as they neared the_North Viet- the Phoenix" may Securellllprints d r from A . »~.u- Quaker Action Group; however, iights. lt may i namese shore. ments for televising must lag made with Mast of the Quakers aboard, from the cap- CBC, 135 Maitland St., 'or'onto, without Qntaria, lprior t rain Earle Reynolds whom Faun contacted Canada. evision sta- i before any of the other media representa- "Voyage of l tives, to the sole woman, Betty Boardman, 2 were interviewed at various stages of the all arrange- 5, trip and fleshed out Foun's narration viv- ORDER NOW. idly. Without camera tricks or glib narra- . 4 ! tion or even aver-slick editing. _' Voyage of Because of expenses involved in distri- _ the Phoenix" was a documentary devoted to buting the film, A Quaker Actipn Group re- a matter of principle that any network could quests a ten dollar film fee for, each show-- _ show to strong effect. ing. To reserve Voyage df the Phoenix" l; fill out the attached form and it took no stance on the war, and in his with a$l5 dollar check to Viil narration Faun admitted that he wasn't a Quaker and felt no religious kinship with to: them. "Voyage of the Phoenix" was an experience, event TV at its best. i ' Ehoenix Film ' ' Reprinted by permission " " A Quaker Action Grrnail it along it t 20 South 'lZth Str er J. Young - _ Philadelphia, Poeat l u-- " _. c j t, j g-O At! ¥ - ' AGAINST COIISCRIPTIUN -K-K-* -I -- -T___,__0 ¥-'l10m--11%-B_a;'#92& 13;'L:]:n ._ ; _ so or-*f is 'I-Ie the undersigned will not cooperate in any wag.- with miiitary conscription. If of draft age we have either refused to register or have disaffiliated after registering. If beyond draft age we will urge those of draft age not to coope- 0 ' rate with the military selective service act of 1957, if that is the leading of their conscience. ' - - .,__- 2-ie are aware that refusing to cooperate with the 13.5. conscription system is a violation of law and subject to penalty. He authorize A Quaker Action Group to publish our names as signers of the above statement, as an act'of public 1 witness against the evil of military conscription. HA1-IE ADDRESS . Y ii n __ _ ' __ sf; , 1; ,;* ;* , _r i . _, ;, _ , _ _#_ ~, ' ____ ~_ __ __,;.-_' ' ______7_ ___ _ ii _ _ _ i ___; __ _ I ______v7 _ 1 '_...»1=1ese; seem; its AQ{1akeréAct.ion Group ' " s s rot" * ' % - s 20 South 12th Street ' 4 - _ e..-.=- - _=_e:; ______c _ ,Phi],adeLnhia___Pen_na. _'l9] 0'1. .. __ .e.m__.__'_ . _ e _ aw -_-*~~e *- ' -=¢- *'_-f=-= --*- W111 lllll l'll92JlLi dI4 92 onu..1.L1 I A Quaker Action Group affirmed Imrnnn rights and brotherhood by 1 L Iniling the Phoenix with medical supplies to Haiphong in March 1967. The United States govemmt.-nt tried to restrict travel between members of the human family. It tried to prohibit medical nit] to those who sui- iii} wine: {er the ravages of butnhing. A Quaker Action Group anti the crew of the Phoenix defied those iniringt-nu.-nt.~a on our hulmul rights. We will not ilt:Ct:pt the enslnvement tinily imposed by the nnnt-ti notional slate. l'l1t:re will be no irectloin -'- - ii" I --,,.__. .0 I I H 5 92 and security for nmnkiml until we affirm our right to live as brothers in ..-' ,' ' G tiisnrmet! world eunummityt 92 t l '92 . ., _ M '1. . - 1 t -.-- Q 0 ' i ,<;» . ' I _'|;92 4:Ll l:-c_ 9292-. I >4--v . 1 92 i 1 r > . I. I" 1- ii ' 'i.'a92' £ I vi .,..1 I :| ii ._ 92 I 92 I i I . 1 * =;li~ l -4-:'~ A .. : {Ii ,, i . ll ! I_, _ . 92 I /- - A '1 *:._: 1'. } ,¢;;;-3. . - _U_' *1 92.. =,... A 1,1,3 ~*-?_t.§ .0» <--' ' .-' "-.1 , H . i '.l_'J'_.'l_'|"J.:"_ 1." '--'7.-.» »~H, r-II. _,___1I| in '.--..,_~..--- -",_:,,,__..---:-.* _ _- . ..-Ir _';. - 92 _._; ~~-- ,1.-._-_--.-....~ 7| ,- - /1 92 .- ,- R T < ""i .92 '92 D . .4 til - : P . _ " - ll, T" . '. , 4 L - I ._.. _ . t _ J-' ar. :'-.!.-.:-_....a-"-'---'" .' '.:I...... 92.- _.;.-t-:...... =_.¢._'.;..._..._-92..' -.2. ' luau Manet. [Huck Shir I i t - . an 0, The powerof conscicnccagainstdcstroycrs I i"il"-7; 4 '92?.?" . 92 92 "_ ti; .' I . 92 | 'i., _ 1. l. t - '/i Quaker Action Group I I 9292 r - .- r n 20 South 12th Street, Phiiarieipiiia, Pennsylvania 19107 ~ ~._ Telephone 15! LOcusl' 3-75.37 luau Manor- ?. ! '. 92 - lr UNlvm1s=A'1iDECLARATION OFHUMAN R~lGHTS _- UNIVERSAL DENIAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS _ .3. . - _ - r. On l!l.'Ct:lnl.;t'l'l0, 1948the UnitedNations GeneralAssembly voted Armed nationalstates infringeupon thehuman tightsof every person agreenrentthe vvilh principles set lorthin theUniversal Declarationof in the worldby theanarchy the of armsrace andthe threatof global war. llttlttan Righ ts. itiotne92 of thoseprinciples ore: By itsarrogance military of power the United Statesgovernment one is 7Oi; - the worst culprits. As citizens oi the United States we haves special g obligation to protest. _ _ ARTICLE ll f l htttlltlll bl- ills!I"-' ll'¢¢110"! equal il in K5693 ? '- - . ---l- ll! Our governmentprevents its citizens fromacting in n spirit and rig!llts". They are endowedwith rvilw mid ¢0II5¢i'~'I1'=¢ of brotlrertroodtoward tirecitizens 0] some countries. . iuid sholitlti-ac}_,to92vo_rds another oneit spiritin of brotherhood." _ ' - ' ' I l . .p - .- [ii Tbe tile.liberty andsecurity ofevery personin tbs reorlti ' I A l l.l5 .' :l . / is threatenedtbeCold War bypower struggle.in Vietnam L .;v_cryotte hitsthe rightto life, liberty andsecurity oi - deninl of life, liberty andse ctirityis an accomplishedcrime. D . .4 - person. Conscription isrt Iormof enforcedseriritrrrle. Thentiiitnry l ARTICLF. tl I . state corrscripts tttett into tt dictatorial system ttllricb denies ||No put. shallbe heldin slavery or servitude;slavery gt; gm ! [;t,,,,;;¢; ¢,,d]¢,r;¢_; um,guy, ,5,;-50,1, I ;,;[;_.'l,l -_ l and ille- 3||;||vcshall tradeprohibited be till their inf0tl lil8. _ 9; jgjng ;'jf¢q'_ b l . 1 i 5nTiCLEi 13 ' 3! Tbe UnitedStates governmenttienied freedom of travelto ' "I I! l Everyonemembers hasthe right to freedomof movementand p of the t boeni.t- crewand revokedtheir passports . _ I I i '' t= Iidt=nl:ei'.vl1lIII1" l . . borders oiwrh 1lH=$mI<- - when tbe crewasserted tbisitttllttttt rigittnml traveler!to _' ' 2!. vnyolwhas the right w leave any count .including Nortb Vietnant. Tbenthey tbreaterrcriinirral prosecutionI l his Tadown,'return against to his tocountry. A tbose whotravel wltbontpassports. 1 AR-1~1c|_El . p 25. / 3! in tbeUnited enforcedStates tvitblroiriirrgby employers" .._ "| 3!i liveryoneworlts who thehas right to iust and favor- Curr/iscatesol tbe partn-rrges those of receivingless tbnn l 92 tun -rationinsuring forhimself andhis family an existence . a living wage. Tbis forced incorne trrx nritbboldiniv confis- J _ able re: 'l'. . if lllllllllll lightly, and supplemented! ifnecessary, byother cates the fruits of labor to pay [or nrnrament rt-bicbdaily l worthy '. ' ll means of t-ncial protection. threaten tbe tile and liberty of the robbed worker. . i _ _ l ARTICLE 2:1 I 1 I I / 8! By its unilateralmilitary action.its blockage of nniversai l ryone entitledis ato social and internationalorder """"'i"'fl *"P- '75"° "'1"-"I '¢'¢°8"i"35¢ l"'i5 l"¢"'°"ill ll"-' - I in whiei i ,1:tll Wu", and l- "dams an[Duh in hi. Dgduuion 'V trtternrtttonrti Court justice,of andby ntnnerortsacts ofCold 1 ~- icanbel any "__ . __d_» " - War waging. tbeUnited Statesbus deniedto all men therigbt L l '5 . to tr social and internationalorder. a U I _ I '! ' guAxzg;AcTIox,sRoqg ' The following newspaper items,qhich are attached hereto3 J also report additional information regarding the activities of the QAG and the voyage of the ketch "Phoenix:" a * 1. An article captioned "PHOENIX DECKS IN HAIPHONG WITH $7,000 IN MEDICINE," from the "Philadelphia _ I Evening Bulletin," Philadelphia, Pa., February 1, 1968; 2. An article captioned PHILADELFHIA NEGRO LEADERTN N. VIETNAM WITH MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR WOUNDED," - from the "Philadelphia Tribune," Philadelphia, Pa., February 6, 1968; 3. An article captioned PHOENIX CREW REPORTS DELIVERY T0 N. VIETNAM," from The Daily News," Philadelphia, Pa., February lk, 1968; i. n article captioned "PHUENIX 3AIL6R DEUBTS U. S. CAN WIN IN VIETNAM," from "The Philadelphia Inquirer," Philadelphia, Pa., February 15, 1968. - s -11- é 1 ____-...-_---__ '~ - --- ~ _- -P rn-asetn-v.1-to-u_i_ - _ _ _' l 'j_l.__f _ _ 92j. 5 ' i Q MountClipping in 590:0 Below} 1 0 l i F . ' - ' JPi7_0@l'iiX Docks in Haiphong? * um , _ With The yacht $7,000 Phoenix arrivedin Medicine _safe1y Monday in the North -Vietnamese port of Haiphong Association; M I. r y I. n n Mc- with $7.000 worth of medical Naughton, 23, formerly execu- O supplies, George Lake! , co- tive lecretary oi the'Philadel- chairman of the Quaker Action Group. announced yesterday. lphia Committee for Nonviolenil Lakey said the seven-man Action. and John Braxtun, a stu-I crew was scheduled to unload dent on leave from Swartltmore i College, 1 1 the cargo and leave the port ' . f on Tuesday, but no further u 92_vord has been received. The :Qualac_:s brou:ht $5.000 worth I inf surgical instruments for thi: Red Cross in North Vietnam ilnd $2,000 worth of medicine - for the National Liberation Front, the political arm of the K ier Cong. . The supplies are intended for = 3 lcivilian victims of the wen '__rI I hkey said. _ , _ _ __; ip.6- The Evening § The Phoenix has visited Hal 1 Bulletin" Q phong twice in its three trips to i Philadelphia,Pa. -Vietnam. The first voyage i March, 1967. was followed bii: . i . an unsuccessful attempt to de-E i 92 .liver sunplies to Da Nang in South Vietnam last November; i i. -- I "T| lie third voyage completes -our efforts personally to deliv-. i burn: 2/ 1/ 6 8 1 er medical aid to the suffering; Edition: 2 if 1 92 Vietnamese. no matter what the politics of the government illthar: under which they live," Lakey Editor: Um ¢ B 0 DiCi92'.iTiSO'D- laid. T1110: I 1 The voyage Ind the supplies were financed .by contributions from this country and Great - Chumnctor: i 1'il.Ii.'l'l, The Philadelphia mi K or crew members included William 92 Claui ecttion: 7 1 Mirnrns, '37, executive directcf 1 I the National I- air Housin, i Snbmitunc °"1='=-.,_ K r 1 . 92_ U Belg}-investigated M f 92- '13.-75-a-P " " .-_ __'_ .1-I _ - c :.Qj; i .; __ _ ..- -- ' I. - ' ' I Q ' J -=-¢p .1_ pfji ;' v ii elh "; g_ . . - _ 1.-92 .. 1 _ - ,_ __ ______P ______- _ t, -- ;;.-¢-i_. e . - ._..._-o.._._._-- i i ______ ______f.,..,.,_. ._._._,_ _. '_ , ro-escrow;-r.ie-ear - - 1 5- _ "' 1, to 0 . - ' I -: " - L-! 7 X - L.!.1 3 1 , I -__. I i u to __ 77 7 Moon?77 Clipping In 590:0 Below!7777 77 V 1 l J I l r Q-or - r rlridtcure poqe, num Of Wilt newspaper, city and lune.! 'A leader in the Ne -,;rocs' lt.rug- war in Vietnam. _ plies were delivered to Nortlil gle for better housing conclitiorisHe said. As I am tisiri, ever} Vietnam in May 195 ! ._,ia_ in Philadelphia, William Mirrims,1 rcsot|rce and exerting every et Attempts to d¬ll92'Ql.' luppliel arrived _ in North Vietnam hlon- tort lo make lite more tolerable'to l.he South tietriamese Red day Willi a gnoup of Quakers, to to the poor tn our onn countiy Cross and the Uni ed Buddhist deliver medical supplies to civil- so do l feel the need to do the Church were rebulted by the .lai-i casualties there. same for others South Vietnamese Goventmerii I llimms. 37. executive directorThe youthful housing leader last December oi the National Fair Housing As- lw gamed 8E92E.l"il V u Ivictories .. r to A Quaker - I Action '. Group wal sociatioo, joined S other crew tenant dv-ellcis -- in getting land itormed in the latter part ol 1955 members -in Hong Kong twolllo rt s to .' make '- 'repairs - ., also sa:d|b92 a group of Quakers ' 'who felt weeks ago. and the ship left toriitis his hope that by giving aicl92an urge to do more to show their nponsored liewar-torn by country a Quaker January Action 2J,;to holocaust those cruelly in Vietnaiu, affected we by not theconcernwas being for done their by fellowman the o ida:than ,t5roup._ lonly show compassion to the vie- Quaker Church. _ e,}'I he cargo valued at 85000 wasitims. but also plant that shee of The Action Group raises itsUWI delivered to the Red Cross So-saneness in other men so that they funds and is administrativelgt 1 ciety of the Deriiocntic litcpiiblicirnay ace the futility of '-var and-apart tron: the ollicial Quake:92 i oi North Vietnam. Also on board lso counsel others to do the body. although Quaker oflieiati the Ihip, Phoenix, were S2000:same." ' - land church members have-sliown p.2Lt-"The ' f _wortl:i of antibiotics and generalllll imrns resides at 6401 Catht-:5 $}'mPiU1.t'hand eiztenilcg 3 00D¢l'l', Philadelphia Tribi; medicines dstinod Ior the Redllinest. gvith his wile, Joyce, a tion to teir riiiitan ro eta. i--_ Phil.aciel_pl:iia,Pa Cross Society of the National Lib- their three chi1d.i'en._ .. , ; Lawrence 5¢< - Na dil B¢l°l' 9! I eration Front in South 92'ietnarn.; George Willoughby. co - chair-;t'ace relations for the _Amertcan1 " V i . The supplies were paid tor byiirnan oi the Quaker group, whichfriends Service Comrnittee I-hl . c0ntributions'frorn persons tn thisihas l its headquarters at 20 8. 12th;t0lTiCii| Qt-12-RC! 01 iilTl1Zi1l-I011!. ll i country and Great Britain. . . is , L, said "the latest trip to Noi-tliexecutive . director ol A Quake: Attempts made to _ deliver tlte-Vietrtani is a lurthcr attem Pt b Y 92Ctl0l'| Gmup-- Dotti: Ealli ivol. NO ' ' Isuppties vents! because oflast October the were intensifica-need. pi-e- our group to respond to human, _ "veterans The other of the crew 92'0l'i-36 members. W 59" !I-ll, Author: lion of the bombing of not-iii!"The U.S. bombiit: c0iiLimies, Vietiiam. are: Robert EitOt l- 33: Vietnam by the United States. ,he added, and innocent civiliansitlie ship : captain from Annapo- E ° EI ,'-las r.ington Rh llimms, whose National Fairfcontiriue to be lled and lis. Md-I BB1 :-'1NB150t1. 23- 5'03!Title: Housing Association led hundreds maimed." ; . Yitokomo. Inct; John Brawn 19-=1! I tenants in rent strikes against-2Plll-IVIOUS VOYAGES Worth Wales. Pa.; Maryann ords tn the city, said he tell The Quaker group or:anized t92'aughton. 23, of Phl_12de1Ph11lJ re was I connection betweenltwo previous voyagu rot the ship Committee for Non Violent Ac, Chat-vector: poorand oppressed tn ttuilrhoenix. - r hon. and Christopher COW ?-j or try and those 1-ictiina at the: - 810.000 go:-th of medical Ill? from London. EH8"-Bi - eE Clulettte-utlon: .t .. -- Submlttlnq Dllicer HF _ ,,,,,,,, _, _, , 92I' U Betnqllrllesttqoted _ _ -_ I - -'5 "v- 9---_ _ 4_ _ _ ___._ ._, .,-., _.._.. F F l I /J -1* _ I l H l_ bk 92 -' - r - -. _'__r - - » , r'*"-- .7. *-.;.',..-1 __.q "r.; -: ~ - -' '4, I' '. / . .__ . ..__._._._.4..--..._.__.__-;...~._._-_.__...._.,...._. ._____.__..q_,_..____i_-._.- ' . ___._..-_...... 4. _...i__....__. .,. ._ .__..___...__-an.-_-._.-H.-. - - 4 - -- --- ------______'-:_____-5;-__: _-_____ __'__-______,___ _ _ - __; _ _ ""'* ?**j_~4:'*"' L """*"_ ' "ii" .'*um F -. a .4". i -I 1 92- |_ - . _¥'s,_=.-. ._f=.. . . ,.:_n,,_i.__.__ .__,.+ . -- _ e _ _11- - u . to-aso title w-as-o- al . ._,,_ - f- , ' I ' "' '-" 07- . ' 92_ i i --. ' -1" I 1 _ . -.. - _ _ .4- é I - ~ P! q 4 '. I a - - Ir .92_ ..,._ ... a...-----.~'--- ~ -...-_. ___r_-... _-__ ----a-. -- V Mount Clippingin 590:: Below} -i 7 if f - z -1 I i -o - 9292 r ; nd1¢a92a yuan;manic! 77 ll _ I newspaper, city and snared _n_gsn1xReports Crew Q ieiiverv to N. Vietnam? nose KONG UPI!.- An} American Quakerpacifist ship, has delivered $6000 worth 0!; i. medical supplies to the North {'1 Vietnamese Red Cross and the: Vietcong Red Cross at Hai-f phong, crew members gaid upon i. return to Hon; Kong yesterday. The six Americans andone, L Briton who made the journey in l I l the Phoenixin de ancelofU. S1 l-. Rate Department regulations jl . said theywere greetedby doq - as of beautiful girls carrying -. * owers and taken on a tour y Red Cross representatives. -7] F . ' Theskipper, Robert Eaton; I , oi Philadelphia, whose pass- port was lifted as a result at the i_ trip, said small boats take cargoes from ships in Haiphong because the port had been heavi- ly bombed. He said he saw Chi- _ - _--n ese, Soviet and British mer- chant ships in the port. ' ip,6-"Daily News" John Braxton, 19, of North Wales, Pa., Said a young North P-hiladelptzia, Pa. I Vietnamese naval of cer told ? . him he had faith in Ho Chi 1 link : declaration that hey would ght -five, 10 or even'15 i 2/lo/os# years to defeat the U. S i°°" Ed-tuna: 1+ star _ _ .._' - jM"h°"J.RAYEditor: 1-zmrr Tlllc: - " * - _ _ I .-_I...-- .. _-..- Q -_¢§j - ._ -- , . .,g v r ,q I .J.-.-_i- _ eees....___~ _ ....._ ,_._-._ es .___- -_.__._.. r._..-._...-_-no-_ii-_._. '- - - .. _¥ 1* _,_. IA ,_, _,___ ,n _,___ _ e - _ _: =_ if rn-an H-_ mu . .. 2-u-es:' kn ;--- ' if '! J. Q 5 MountClipping In Space Below! -1 vs I w 1 I E I W _ . ,,__ __, ______,,, ,_ n _. J _ |..--, P I >' -, _;3 [Indicate page, name of DoubisU nawnpupn, city and atoll.! --.._ A --_ --_ . glJ . 1. Win in Vietnam Phoenix, which recently sailed to North Vietnam carrying med- .- .,1 ical supplies, said Wednesday-"P'KSSP'5R1 SREV0El3'U 7 Ll night he doesn't believe the U. S. Because o1 sme Department I can wininvietnam. _ I1-estrietions, two members of William Jnlimms, ¢X:CUt192" l.llc crew have had their P355- t , ' I"_-"ipg ,5 1-evoked and the others, director of the Phi-IidBlph1l~inc1udj_ng Mimms, could {Ice ii £ase»d ciation, National told Fair newsman Housing at we Asked swig nhout o|,_ this, the , Negro_ T-I lil-30511 Al1'P°1'i- rywleader slated, To take it awn? 51:5 : beat a man who is ght-mm me is uk, "king me to get mg for his freedom." on me hack of the bus." t - . The 37-year-old civil lights uimms claimed that the i i iler ¢XPi i1}°5 that l bombing of North Vietnam hazi L Vietnamese new South Vietnam sewed oniy go unify the people. 11: 1 captive part of their owulsvm the nightly cleanup opera- f inatiou. _ ' an; following e bombing raid p.3- The Philadelr ram; or omzmzss ' -don't dampen their he1i_efT-DHWO Inquirer" Philadelphia, Pa. him" eam,"e of the : ':e:":" i::oneness" e. B03 0% -. thelllke grail . It : like New York. J unmet _ lhe said. lflfhere we have bomb- lilimms arrived at 6:30 P. M. ed one bridle. "7 h " hm 1/eats: _ 1IN ;_}_ WP 7%rd _ M _ __ _ _ _$3__u_J 92W ~ _# _ -_ ' F_ n._ ____. A__.__ V_ .____'_:F ___O Q_ Q_y ;______¬_W__?___ _M____,§__ ____2__}______ __k__ H_____9 __!__ "u_ 92_____ __ .__ ______ _,_y_: ___'_ __%&___ __¢l92*Ak___,:__k_I__M'__,~___!L_' ____%Hx____¢_,_'£;___.1 _'_. V_'I __I_J_ ,,_"_ 92w__'_ _Q___*J , _____]__v_____:__w__ _" ? "_J h_h_m_A_____ P l_ ____ _*_ _ HH: W ,5 _;_d __ ___h_ ___92h__ H awM_ M1__ __:__GM _____i__ V T - ___J__;__ __:____ ,__w_ _ M _I_Hifu.:__"r",_H;_I__A__,._Y H _____W__wv,_ h___h_"_ _~_._!J_J_{___? _ _ ______3%nH 3_:__. L ____"__ _" ______ _x_ n___'_____V_ ,_____, F__H___£___ _'_ _Mml__Ja_____H¬W___:___ __wm__r______r__33$ J92"?1 _|_!_____"H._ _:__I_,U1? __&_ .'___ !___¬@L3 L7, 'T _I_ __"_:_ _h*______ m _m m m lltI 8 m M n It sI rRmF M ______. m m RH O___ 0___§Y_ __" _ _T______A______ __ '__ ____I1 ___~___ _ __%__%,__'%A___l__n_ I_ __ _|_YAmIl_ _ _92_M___AI___ ______ u_>:_.__1 __V _.D_'_1__ B ____,_ii ._ . .. .-1 . ._... _ - _ . ' ._ " 1*! "> = ' ~ ~ ' if "by 1 ' - '=. Fr-=*3=e?-:.I-'F92 ----- H J 1 92 _ 5. . ' nnmrcuam , la A 1 '=. , 8I_ ¬ Ila can 92Ie-lwnanaFlu ABE 1 h G. D. Coakley 1.F 1 _ _. ¢"_ _ ,/-,3.-_ K// Iehr-nary e, 1sc~.=s ,3 /="""' //,_,.. -" ""- " ,1, /{W7 1* - IIERICAH FBIIKDS SERVICE COIIITTIE 192 I I ; leference is made to your etter Hated F YBbPB rY 1. 195$. your reference . y i iarochu re published by the A-Q1-lean friends = Service Committee AFSC! oescrihes this organization i e ioiloes: . [ ' V ' -.... - "THE LIEBICIJ FRIENDS SERVICE COEHITTEE is 1 Quaker international voluntary eervice , organization with programs in some 20 countries. Q _ It operates in the belief that there is love F. j" of God in every nan end that love, expressed E through e:-tire action, can overcwe hitreo, Q. it projudice, and tear. ihe Conittee is etatted e; and Iupported by people of may faiths and 92 teens. Sumner institutes on world attaire are 7 sponsored annually by most 0! its ll regional 92 Offices in the United States. Other progrnas include refugee rehabilitation, eocinl and ;i teohnioel eesiettnoe, sooner end year-roen :1 iolnntary service projects tor young people, 7 _ work with the prohleu of ninorities, end international conferences and seminars. The Iork is carried on entirely through voluntary oontrihutionl.i - In I958, the IISC perticipatd in an exchange ieit vith the Soviets. In-connection with this exchange, the AISQ eponsored visits to the United stetes oi three individuals and lent three lenbers of the l?SC to the ISSB for extended visits. - - ~--H _ __ _ ' _ V z , ~=- "'- GDC:1cg, ! _' " - e .___ -: - non: _ __,,. - . . '- i.§7FMA'R'11 159? " I V h ._ it y , 1: uAn.aoou[l_J 1:1-Er £.uu{fl_;7l -7; __ O . l Q u/ui _ _ ,_,_,, __,_-_____ --_, -:-___~ --_ r_-__ _.__ ...._é_._...1=._..___. __.,k ___.._ .-..-_.______-.. -7 Ii- * 4F.7_Il1 i . -._ -.,_ _ _ , _ - _' _ q . , . _ . T 0 :' ' lo: Aaerican Friends Service Cnlnlttil 1 E In 1986, the AFSC entered into en.igreement Ilth the Committee of Youth Org;nizations of the UES£ tor reciprocal international eeainars, the first oi Which was held in the USSR in August, 1960. _ 7- Information ehich has cone to our attention indicates that the contacts between the nebere or the AISC and Soviet-bloc ofticinla have been reitricted to cultural and student exchange matters. Io information has cone to our attention which - would indicate that the AISC ls llgnlticnntly infiltrated, dominated or controlled by the C ununiit Party or any other subversive group. - ' i t. I II 1 .n n :-"i H P In _ ___ t _ __ i :7 .,.,.l,... .,.,,__ , _r- _.__ __' " *y i ,.,__c_ __:__c.__ _ _ _._r I __#~~ __ or _ _ _ 7_ v_ -q--- - -»»'-- g1 ' #553U ~-92 UNITEDsures DEPARTMENTor Jvsrlcr. ¢ ,$ -"" :31/JFEDERAL or INVESTIGATIQNauamu: . Seattle, Washington ; ' IIRQQUHQIRJII February 15, 1968 * ll No. 1 RE: AMERICAN FRIENDS srnvxcn counrrrrr !- 'ITED_NATI ONS-WASI-IINGTON__smumn_, _ n_<;1g_so__'rm-3_oucnAPRIL-6,,._l968 t IHFORIMITION CONCERNING On February 14, 1968, a confidential source who has furnished reliable information in the past reported the American Friends Service Committee's AFSC! offices at Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; San Francisco and Pasadena, California, are sponsoring a seminar at the United Nations in New York City and at Washington, D.C., March 30 through April 6, 1968. The delegates will be limited in number to 35 persons. 1 - The purpose of the seminar will be to "discuss ! current world issues with diplomats, international authorit ies, international and national civil servants and legislators, 92 and one's own Congressmen and Senators." - J _ The i source made available a leaflet setting out additional details on the conference. A reproduction of it is attached. The AFSC is the social outreach arm of the religious group known as the Society of Friends Quakers!. - This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property ~ oi the FBI and is loaned to your _92 . agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside ¢xuuE3e YOU! IKGBCY. Im3fR@¥§B1 2 //4;//s ?7-I/4 6 AUG231973 ll 0 ' - I . _ 1-? - - - ,3 - !. - u a ' . h . . . -_ . . . . - . ...._ __ _ _ s -qr - . Q i ;" ______I-0 or _ n- _ cI,,_ "~. n, -._ 0» - Pl ;.. - -rn_ -"Ia; '. ..-V-¢ --_ _= . I - [ I I j - -ms, -. -2-.- Q ':-_ -T 3-.-.-!r _'. '"" ..- 0.-.1 -.:I 92. ..- lulu-- u 92l I 1' - -..- -..- Cvaw . - 3| _ _ ," . ,92 _ _ _- .. K V 92 '. -___-___,..,-_----¢--.|----.------.------.--n-I-- 0 - ~ '-- .- a T02 ULITED, $;?I0 S-WAS£INGToE . - SEMINAR - x e ; c/o American Friends Service Coznittee 2l6Q Late st.. San Francisco, CA 94121 4 92 - of, -I - Q q~ Telephone:415 - 51: 2-was! I- - ; If ' _ Haze _ 4___:______n Phone " e - 0- _ _.-._.__- . .. ,1. _-I '-.. ._.... ._,1. . --. 9-4,- ..____e___ ""- 'H. ,-;_', :f"_"~ ,- - . 57>-'923 U1'92:51! E» STATESDEPARTMENT I-..=TiCE OF i__=¢:.:J,Q41! n-zonau. Seattle, nuarav WashingtonINVESTIGATION or - '- '" February 13, 1968 § 1 _ :aaqa;.r|-n4-rs ' MNG - in ' _ . RE: DEMONSTRATIONS PROTESTING UNITED STATES INTERVENTION IN VIETNAM INFORMATION CONCERNING A summary concerning weekly vigils protesting Uni- ted States intervention in Vietnam, which were held in the State of Washington during the past week, is set out herein- after: 1. sxutm"BRU vzon. AT mm pnemc* 1.1nRARYLs§g1jrLE,* * wgnsngncrgg,* * Y . ten jig? rsons On participatedFebruary in 1968, this a demo7,confidintial ration sponsoredsource by reported - O _ _, - .. -t -92. ' 1 ---1-' -'- '- . _ . - - '. - ' '' the American " '. riends _ q_A_*_CnmmiLtee '---¢.'.-»- 92f-~ ' AESC! " -- - ' - .. 92'_ ,. _ .- . -'.~. '-'- _,- . ,_" _ -___ ' I,_ - -,.-,.- 1 __q- -._'nn_ . --Q .7 - _ The AFSC is the social outreach arm of the religious group known as the Society of Friends Quakers!. . 2. wsrglciv SILENT won n.1~:c;_1m~'mc1, MARCH 1961, UNIVERSITY §I'FWA§H'1NGTON_;p no 0n,__ S§Afr1"§£*, We , __. On February 7, 1968, a second source reported about 16 persons took part in this vigil. None were recognized. Ho sponsor was announced. 3. SILENTVIGILS EACHwznntsnnv AFTERNOONErsnemt OFFICE rt i _?_,V ?' Nge- ,I__,,, __ V *7 _ _' On February 7, 1968, a Special Agent of the FBI observedvigilat the_Federa1approximately Officenine persons Building, takingEverett. part in a ilent 5» 4»~ No onsor was - nnounce - This document contains neither recommendations norconclusions F" i:H%*;j- ¢ D of the FBI. It is the property - " i§3?jg es; »WH of the FBI and is loaned to your _ e¢¢;5_~§p;§f{f@- agency; it and its contents are *9v"1;*;F¥ r**f ; not to be distributed outside ' *' "u"_ your agency._ 1/04'//39¢ s G . Q! - ! -_ RE: DEMONSTRATIONS PROTESTING UNITED 1 */ STATEQ INTE VI¥TION IV VIZTK ¥ e» - e 1 _ c 7_ L. ~ ii . e 7 ___ _- _ _ ;§.. __W__;J__W ___*______-T-1. J. - _ . / _ p , - A __ _ --.-._ .- -. _':.e-.-J.-. -___.... - 4. srttnr VIGILS tacn rnrnnr AFTERXOON BEGINNING JANUARY 6, I9B7T FfiFFKE 6T?TIEjitTE5TI3TT§EEETFGHI j WKSHTRCj§ : YEEFCKFY é, 1 9'6'S. " W * * On February 9, 1968, a Special Agent of the FBI observed approximately 19 participants in this vigil. The name of the sponsoring group was not announced. No members of any basic revolutionary organizations Iere recognized in attendance. 5. nfp,wAcm1r®ou. SILENTt VIGIL tacn Fngniv, UNITED srgrng 1 to gnmr nncnurrzugM on February 9, 1968. Bre_m_:rton, reported a veekly v gil protesting United States intervention in Vietnam had ten par- ticipants on February 9, 1968, but no sponsoring organization Ias announced. . /______k_ ..__ , _e'_e ___e _,_ _*I:_. ' - ..___,..,,b,_ Z . ..._ e 1-:e ;-_.ei.._.,i______, Representatives of various law-enforcement agencies b in the communities in which the vigils vere held advised no violence and no arrests occurred. 1 a ! '1- *' 1 _ '- .Q . - ". _ . - "~ ' _. u ' 1;!. l ! 4: .::§ "- -* -o e ,f- §:f§_*:;;,: tr»-':'r1:n '"starts DIIPAR'I .92£lZ?92"I _ or JL*__s_"r1c.I_: ~2 I-..5'@§Fé¬; . Q/67' _ 'FEDERAL BUREA§OFIFVESTIGATION _ e -- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . In .Rr_r-Jy.Pines: Refernr _ - _ l n 5 _ . Uanuary 31, 1988, 92 -0 . _ _ M, F I . e rouge igatzgpas or 1~:o,.=;'r1~*._1e:s:=,;c:-."-'-V ' - .¢T " ' 0 i "The Friends Journal," Philadelphia, Pa., dated _ - November 15, 1957, page SOM, contained the following . item: ' - - r Young Friends of North America, meeting at Wilmington College in Ohio late in October, ~ heard reports on how representatives of their . - organization, acting on'a decision reached C - by the YFNA summer conference at Oakwood - _ ' School, had gone to Canada to turn over $8OO to the Canadian Friends Service Committee ,, » -: to be spent for medical snpplies for all _ -- - ' . ' parts North and South! of Vietnam. Membersri - ' " of the group agreed to continue Yietnam' - relief efforts in two ways: encouraging _ young Friends to raise more money for the -Canadian Friends Service Committee, and seeking _ to open up legal channels for humanitarian _ Y aid. They also made plans to promote training in nonviolent peace squad methods, hoping - . _ _, thereby to enable Friends to live up to their _ tEstihanies by keeping the peace in difficult e p _,; V 'situations. ' _- - 1_ -. ' - ' - - 1, _ . _ 92 _ . . . '12t_] Concerningthe YoungFriends of horth Ane;ica YFNA!,- _ '.'TheFriends Journal, Philadelphia, Pa., dated December l, o -1967, page 527, contains an article captioned, "China Today . lqe _.a.¢;XFNA Workshop;'reportedby CAROLYN WILBUR TRBADWAY,which "' -+- _ ,:_ p;h in part states as follows: ' fr, _e =e-,_ , ,é?. " -,f;=. ' ' ' ' '"" .- ,_ - I 92 ' _ _A _ ___ ___ __. _92 - -,. _V_ __ -___ .'__..--a ;_ - - _ _ - '- ,_ _.,_;_____,______-_,,a- _' , --i__._--_- _ _ , __ _ I 92 __ _. .. ; . _ -_ ' . .., _ ' - '= -_- . -- - I - - - ' . -'._ I - - - . A. '-_l..-__ - -__.- -. . .._ _--e~---- --~ s ~92 ~ , "_ - ; P - 1 -; _ . . _ 7 . _ _ ___ - I - _._ I _ .,__ '- _- _ , ,_ ~ ;'. ,. .-' .._- .. ».. .. __ _ ._ii._._ _.._...? e -- O - ,_ - _ r . - __ : _ e a ,-* - , '_ --" ' _ __ . ;-, . - __ -- ~_ 14 . - - - - . ' .¢- ' " ' ; . ' - ._..- - _ ..=".;-:cz.os1rr='.- .- 1 .3" - it 'e /Q5. V I I _ . ; . A - ; 92_'92 _ I H. . 1 Q > 1. v_q_--92-- -_.,-_-.,..._- .7 :_,._.._.._. ___.:;.-, _ E uh-0'- I-T1.Lh -D v. -'--'---wf .----92-- --"1 3'_ 1:r_-- _... _ _. '-1::- -Y-.:?_-__ k? i:"Z1_"_ .z' 1 u, . _ - -1--_ .- ;-- . --.u- -' Despite ccrren. ol::_:clt-e= in ee.a-.isning Q 8 direct' ocntect - u_tn '-n_ne, F - 92 -:a:;- :rle:_sQ -' J - believe 1+D 1is- _:_:rta:t: _ -, tnat we ccrtinc. our = - at-e:pt5+ to further our knowledge and understanding of that country and that -* we share our findings with others; "In line with these airs, the ;st-West - I Contacts uCSK_T_&E Q_ Young Friends of North America recently hslc its fourth annual Worxshop on China. fourteen cf 138 thirty-two partici- pants were from foreign countries- Resource personnel were William Barton of the Friends Service Council London!; George Denney of the U. - State De - I author - "anshenfI Allan Cole of Tufts I I partment; William Pinton Univers i Russel 1 Hckrthur of Selkirk College in British Columbia; and Bronson Clark of the American Friends Service Committee, who E served as moderator. '& "Two main themes d L The first was the H World - and especi Quakerism - of Chi 0 accomplis Thesecon ominated the conference; hment of challenge to the Western policiesd was the in Souths ally to ¬hristianity and in U,.S.- China o nese Communisn s theory and i 92 effective social change. ' 92. "The ideal goals o responsibility of U. S. 1| ast Asia for the breakdown 4 gospel ommunication and cooperation? to those f Chinese Communism's social are striki ngly similar in some ways _.E I'9292____ __ CommunistOI L-1'1I J.5 Eianity and Quakerisnf The - s advooat e and are supposedly working for a classless so ciety where service to others is to be the sole incentive for working and L where the re are to be no distinctions between " rich and poor, edu cated and uneducated, bourgeois hi and proletariat- The present Cultural Revolution 5 y Maoists as the means of achieving a - 1 - aw - -J ° - ---- .,_ -. :7.-y-q--.:-- .-- ~: __ v r*: .¢-- ...-_---.,-wr:*'; i. .__._..I:i '..7-'i:T..: ~ =jZ __= ."'_T:. £ r K - - i w . 0-»: e-n_- In-I ---1-v r5-; -_'-|-1--.. I " -;-qr 4..-.;¢ ct.»-.....; ---__- -...._-_: r stage c: tne Chenese REVS'; ;.kZ LET: -II-I--; . . 1.7;. ..¢...... __~ c...-.., _ . .I;:':T.'. Cl 1.1 -65:1. E_CF_.'-5 ."-E5 nee: on;v gnqn-.=-u-92-v. -- -run Q f'I~n92-Irhw1.- H.-___;.S .o _ ate; ye 155$ are terse: 5 -h--5n. _u ,.. - zr O cnsneee aptzcae Et E__ ectivs a;-ernetives to the Nagrces 1: the L tc ca:rv;:g out e:c;a1 Cbé i _ C.0 an e:on::;:, an: s casted States :an atta;n ;ci;t;ca;, unetese an: a; ecea; powers aqua; to those c: tne of.the u;:_: tnaz tze ;:;;; nan-untte tw;-tnarcs Q .. _- ---' L.- .- _" resources w; - ~ E cfc Been--F 13 tn: VcT43.5 1. TC C:-.'|53.C-92r'.Z' 'n-'. a£tne remeenzng th;rs- Quasers are F , 1 -.1. ...,, -n54. the veelence acvoeatec by the that ¢0m:uh;sts LS mere effecttve 1n acheevinz socaal change than the nonvlclence of clvil dzsobedzence EEG ¬VC-¥TlC éT§ change cf ;over we woulc prefer we must veneer, toe, whether service for others __ .. z as not as vsazl ¬ an lICCCZ_92£ -3? ECGHOZLC orced BCCGZ;llEh5E C ES the prcfit mstive, The present U_ polscy of containment Chane - support the status=quo governm of surrounceng .tr1es an: extenszon of naval and air e 5'»-7in Southeast Asia - 1 aggressive fore ign pelacy of a rich natto of seeking to maenteen sts speegal advantage6315 i world It is i nsonszstent wsth our Chris I v bEl1&f5; It 9.1; ports Chsnesa propaganda that the United States is China s implaca 5 the __ '_ ._' .* __-=____-T _ ___' P enemy; The ove T'CS..._:'i;'.-7, OI lg ur u ENC apathy toward C ¢s in the 7 bane, or the exerting of i fluence upon ou r government to pursue a 1Tié -- and enlightened policy, ts only a small N of the solution mble % 92 Pb ni- ore open art 92 . t . ~ - Thee oocument contaans nelther recommendattons nor F conclusions of the FEIA It is the property of the FBI and is ' ' loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be _ A92.P@&h q.k92|@492A an-92_1§n-quip: uuA9292u-g -angnqce I uJ.a92.x4.uuu:u u-.a_'u= yuuz |:;5=u..._y- _ _ -has- '_ _ _. _ ..-.-. _ _ 92. - 92 ' J! _ _- '_ . n ¥ 1 I 4 o .1 was. /£6»//isF s 73"50 7 new-y2c,'iess Dear- i., h______w_ '_ Your letter oi January 23rd has been received. In response to your inquiry, information contained in our files must be maintained as confidential in accordance with regulations oi the Departmental Justice. I regret I am unable to i -crnish me data yen am seeking. This Bureau has no list for distribution such as you desire; however, you may wish to secure a copy of "Guide to Sub- versive Organizations and Publications," prepared and released by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. In it are listed some of the groups and periodicals which have been cited I-I by various state and Federal agencies, and a copy of it can be purchased for seventy cents {rem the Superintendent of Documents. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Checks or money orders should be drawn payable to the Superintendent oi Y; cements. C. 0. D. orders will not be accepted. t Sincerely yours, ' J. EdgarHoover R £9»""§e+E la?! -3 . it 1 I fNOT.E'V D];-C:kg C0'i~'res I d t E 1fr;1é'1¥}; Se;vige__Qgm;nitte_e_iswell known to the Bureau as a Conrad Fch NP T0]-l n i.__ 1 I pon en is not identifiable in Bufiles American Del-ouchGala Huh! is, 7 . Bilbo; ei _...i_ Casparii pacifist gimp with the Quaker Church. .-- ~ C ll htmSullivan ;1i1"=1=;>1r tis! ,1 A _»-_.._ .., ,. s __i.¢_..._...... __. __ A92 _ ,_._..-._ l ....._.._--_--_..;-- _ _ .;_%...-_...__.___._ ._.___-_.__.-.-.- ' . l...-_.-__..,,...__.___ -_.___.._._,__ ..,-_-._ _. 1 | ;,e,,_,~, _, ._>_ -_..- _ . __. _ .l..._ __, J _ 9 l - ~ January 2}, 1953 Federal Bureau of Investigation Hasnington, L. C. ; ' I 1 Dear "Sir: -l ' ¢ 1 - - a ' ,-,. " . " _. ' - -'- »~ .. - "-T ? - Y 2- _ _ ,__;92 * ._ . ' . ., :_ : _-_,_92 _-'-.-f'r__. _. _. I I 1 Recently, I have received two publications E? from a group calling themselves the Ameri- can Qriengg epyice Qongittee. ' Even though this paper was printed in the U. 5., the articles beer an uncanny resem- blence to those articles written in Hanoi, _ Peking and no§,; § RE ,_/ y,//_§7Z__,_$'0' I do not know how or why my name weeaplgapég-B58 92- on their mailing list. Needless to ;gg_ l__ have told them to delete my name from thm; ._ £1-. 2- _-I _ KQ _4'1 , ,-v-. IA--r ;v'.'I,,~_- I-3! - E 9292J Do you know anything about this American , _ _ _ _ _Erienos §ervice Connittee? A150,¢ou1¢'you Jwwf v_e V-_ ~, l s - __._._ si F_._.._ _._, ,_____7~_ P ._. .. § --' J ' ~ .. .92 ... __-._-._...._ U 92 nil1_l92 -ijiivvlil-Z wlllZ- I--F ._ . 1k %l W ..~ i - S i send meva list of these publicaziczs, .___,-:3? 1Q: Uh ... - . . .- - - EEC OPEEElZEZlCL5 etc.. CDLSICETEC CO CE , subversive? I believe - ewe rearé of Educatien, the faculties =né stuiezts be alarmed to this common danger. ___.... I-- ~ Thanks very much. Best zishe? e .~ i i _ iii? _i;_ sj , qj; § _ jjixi i, __ _,_ . _ - , - - Q '- .. -. . - _ __ I -_ . _ , ' -. _. -___ . - > 92 J + I ; .-. _ _ . I :7 {j _ >0- ' C' Er ? '_UNITED FEDERAL STATES amuznu DEPARTMENT or INVESTIGATIONOF JUSTICE "" J' Philadelphia, Pennsylvania _ - 0 §»5.:1'.-".."e"""" " P W-' 221558 H P ' qpimg Acnog anon? QAc!_ 9 Thefo owiqg newspaper articles, which are attached, aet forth current news concerning the QAG and the voyage of the ketch Phoenix in its efforts to deliver medical supplies to North or South Vietnam: 1. .An article from the "Friends Journal," Philadelphia, Pa., December 16, 1967, beginning A Quaker Action Group's _ Yacht, Phoenix . . . 2. An article from "The Evening Bulletin," Philadelphia, Pa., December 28, 1967, captioned "2d Voyage to N. Vietnam Planned by Phoenix Crew.@ _ 3. in articie from The Phiiadeiphia _Inquirer," Philadelphia, Pa., _ January 2, 1968, captioned "Quakers Plan Suit Against U.S. to Free "Frozen Bank Funds." K I , , 1' '?;_'§Q. L-USUKE . /-' _ j /wo»//312 1+--_----,|-, .-.. ___7_~___-... _ -- - if .__- _ 4- ______. , _92 __ I"*_** wtr *~- ~* - . - - . - ~ ~-v--_-_---_._..... ___ . ._ V-I ,_.___,__,___ __ __ _ '- ---- -a ;> hi. - J, ~._.-__..._i-.--___._---..-__.__.,...... --in Q _ . Lt} ' T v I ll 2n v V ~ Moon!Clipping Space In 50'1"?!- f W l l 92 t U ' b . . I A QuakerAction Group :yaeht, Phoenix,sailed Fat-emher I4 forDa Nang,loaded withmedical supplies,with theavowed l 2 -intention of delivering hall to the South Vietnamese Red Cross J and halfto themilitant Buddhistsof that country. Visasand permission hadbeen issuedat Hong Kong bythe SouthViet- l 0 namue consul. F However, atDa Nangan o icialSouth Vietnameseboat met the Phoenixto announce that theGovernment dlanged had its l .Inind canceledand visas. No the explanation given. wasthe As T ounmu. wentto press, the Quakercrait was on itsway tothe port ofSaigon inanother attemptto bring medical assistance to su ererson both sides oi the con ict.If delivery of supplies l no boththe South Vietnamese Red Crossand the Buddhists could not he assured,the crewhad permissionto donate thd lddieato petqn,now! bl 1 gen-npopor, city and state.! l urge to the RedCross Societiesof the North Vietnameseand the NationalLiberation Frontvia theIntemational Control Commission : planefrom Cambodia. Still atthe warehouseat I-long Kong was$5.000 worthof magical insu-umentsto bedelivered bysome meansto the Red I Cms in North Vietnam,which statathat directdelivery to tr Haiphongnot is possibleunder intensi edbombing conditions. -I - I. H ~_ 92_92 __ne ______V_'f':-___ :6 T i n l _;I _._.il. ;__. - >;§r; cunni- .~e-,- _,-,...-a _a¢ -__ .__.-.. -. 4 ._ J_.,-' p.661-"Friends »__,_ Journal"' __., -7-__ Philadelphia, Pa, .- re ' _ V. ., _ -r Dem 1_2/15/67 F -_.,.;_ ,-_- . _~ _ . - . . - .. - ._,_,.._ - q _._._.. . __ _.._., .- -. .. Edition: V01 . NO . 2! Q ." _' . "" "', r,.__, .__.= _ .,_,'__a. , __ .- ,.. p . V- ._.,t ,&uthor: _ _ . _ _- mug;-anc e sW111 lat: i. - . ~: _ i Tlllll Br Owl 1,, _ ___e_ 1 - __ __ ,_ _ ,__..Z_i_._.-__-..- ,- - ov ' t _ _ 0 _ t 0 _ -- ., __ ,_ .. -- e--e _ -,!;e-' ' e 9. . - _'_,'.- I n s J -ii ' f i 7- ii V 92-7' lllwmiulpping $pocoInI-claw} - -I ax _ _ __ _-,s..._. ._ _-_._ .._ _,,-=.. -,_,; .ti -s '-¢' . ' _ - n51-.__ - . _. p 2d Voyoge toN. Vieinomil ,| l fanned byiPhoenix'Crew_i - l l .- nycnnor. mxensr Of The Bulletin Stuff l The Quakererew ofthe ship; Phoenix, which the South Viet- '5t:ppiJ'e.sfor destinedthe Red I Indicate page, octet oi 7 namese prevented from unload- Cross Sottiety or South Viet- atowlpoper, ctr! trod ltote.! -ing tnedicai supplies for civilian lnarn andthe UnitedBuddhist war victims, will sail next Church ofSouth Vietnam, - month for North Vietnam. It - We got toDanang Nov.19, wilt be the third sailing for the visas from the South Vietnam- Phoenix and" the second to;ese government in hand," he re- _,-..- .North Vietnam. . tcalied. "The morning of t.he George Lakey. Philadelphiali th an official of the South project director Ior the Phoe-ii/ietnamese governmenttold us nix s_secondforay into VietnamI we couldn't unloadour cargo ....._- - with medical supplies, yester-and had to leave. He offered day related details or that voy- no explanation. " age and spoke of plans for the , "We vigiled three days be- -next sailing. 'yond the three-mile limit out-. l _; He addressed anews confer- lside Danang,hoping theSouth'- nce at headquarters of a Qua- ivietnamese governmentwould _ J er Action Group, 20 S. 12th st. accept the supplies they needed._ '-1 rited to Hanoi ' Then, on Nov. 30, we left for :5. -I: The organization w'as formedCap Sc Jacques in southernl ;a year ego "tn take non-violent Vietnam and vigiled another; F. action against war and the fthree daysclose to Saigon. Ioroes of injustice," according!Claims Harassment - 1 it to Lakey,who iiso is cochair-lI "While in thewaters outside, FY20-"The Evening Saigon-but beyond the three-, l Bulletin" man of the group with Georgemile limit we wereharassed Willoughby. by the South Vietnamese navy Pitiladelphia ,Pa lboats that fired machinegunsf -_He saidthe Phoenixhad beeni.rtto thewater nearus andat-I -cl invited by Hanoi last March tempted to make us collide with when it delivered $10,000 Worth their boats. . - ,;;l of medicalsupplies to Haiphong 1 "A United States Navy out-= 12/28/67 . for the Red Cross Society of launch trained two machine- Edition: 2 St. -JI North Vietnam. -[guns onus_- one a deck- Author: Carol. Innerst e The Phoenix will take $3.000,mounted gun and another in a worth of surgical equipment sailors hands. It seemed clear ceiimlim. B.Dickinsoi 5, therein January. he said. to me it was an attempt to in- t Hill: ' r Lekey, %. of 3711 SpringGar- itimidateus . ' _- den st, and an assistant pro-l Lalteyan theQuakers will l|-_ssor.- ofUpland School of So- lt?y igeitt to deliver supplies to cial Change in Chester, re-J South Vietnam after the Jan- _ 1 Character: ' uary trip to Hanoi. . turned from Vietnam Christmas- or Eve. . -.' - ' .- _ ' He said the medical supplies were purchasedin 1-longKong Oloaal cotionr .1 Unloading Barred - He had left for that oountryl and came from local manufac- lluhmitttnq O ie-at. n Oct. ll. and sailed with the iturers_'Japan. Switzerlandand L a -_ hoenix and its crew of eight. [the UnitedStates. Money_ to U BeingEll:il|1q |Od ' I-long Kong on Nov. 14 pl.iI'ChZ5¢was themraised _i.nl ~;"'»-.... _.-rum about a month through volun . ~r-5 _ . $6 000 worth of medical- ,-_. .._: , ..-_ ;._. :.:. :"-1"-_.-. - ~ ~' -r"92 T --n -- '.' '. ."' . __ #3 -_..... _ 0 In > I 5- -,- - _= -r:--b -.. * f_ ;II' .T._'._ 2- _ . - . _:.. s . _.__--.-_,,-.-,.-.-.c,-.__M- .._~-e-,. _ _ __._,-,0_ __ _ _-. - . __'__ -t. ,. ' .- . __i .;;-. 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Inquirer" D . l ._ Philadelphia, P 4 i Frozen Bank Funds i _ _ - The Philadelphia-basedA Quaker Action Group,which has defiedFederal law to send aidto Communistareas of i P e Vietnam,Ls preparingto |u_efor releaseofjits frozenbank ~ I . gggg ?_ , 1', - -~Iuid _ the Black-wood £u|:rds 1eTerrace, groupleeks8., N.aaid 4 ~ .. .."°°..." .f.° 2?Za.; EI1 ;£.';i;;=°;;,;=;;=, . , . . ii i . . e rovi*~;==- ent a- 55¢. - *3 -8; " . . 7 QuakerOFIIMIEUOD a'|th.heafiéétinnalBankPhiladelphia, of and .114-L.'* - " ig;'e"It:;':lp";;?ch -frozenlast Jan. -Jab ?-y::£t|$s44.20, 23 tn . ..::_ A When O mum ready hasutiepi ttralPenn Bank 0! I. h|.la-1 £1- _ I - --H,~ 1 . - | I - ' '' _' l I-.. t - _ 1- . -". .?l:'.:.';':. ;:"::T» mm ~==M .*";..:: :::;~ - - ; in we contemplated legal _|t.he Governmenthad "orderedthei 1. U ' . ._ . _ 'deposit: trozenbecause it hadi Dma: . 2* Qdntonz . l . -. In -= ' '°"= "- *° ""''Y --illfii i ° '}§'SZ{5n .§ £Jf. 1 . 1} . - " '_ o_ __ ' '"Ithe accounts, Witloughby said. llllhori l;l .- _ ;_.- - - . i _1 The grouphas notdecided, Edi tar: ' - hi _, , __ ' §he, added, that actionto take I'll: - ll .1 5 - 1 on a third account ot about $500, .._..'||' ' 'Y I. ;-." ,-I - . a personal account 0! Wilmer 1 ._ _ _92 as, ____. ._ _ 51 I, e ' --Z:-' __. -; ¢- '- ' 9.' . I_._-f _:'_ _ ~ -- Young, group treasurer..- - 92 i Chara cr: i. }_ Q} _ _ _ 1 _;'a-_,1__..-";_';. -U. 1"3 -' _ -h l'-lard tor kneelClnaatttcu U011: 5. ,. T _~_. @ - _ 1"-'~ _ _ 1 LONDON,1..." 1 AP!.-F Submlttin q O ltrz " ..92 _ T - .1. - - _ -_ .a -. .'.So|-nobodystole theknockers off: .-Z . .5, -In - If» *1 1- 1 " - J 4- -'r,92'.-- ,- ' '~ - the QnmmunistChinese legr- E] Be-Inq Investigated ¢ .1 _ .- - _. _ I _ - ' .- ' . lion : lrontedoor about Christ- ..'I D _,..u~ i_i §_=;= _--.-_-..;; .- -3':- . _- '- _ {mas time.Complaining police, lo -._-'_-. .. , ,.'-_-4 '- _-1" _ _ _ _ , -the legation blamed imperialist I _ -; ~_ . -" ' i revisionists" torthe thcitoftfre- "";, I -, .-_-4_n__ ____ _ -;__-_ ___ _ . _ .,, i._; H __'_:_ _klIi worth 81.20each. .-. - . ._. . q- -' ' P W3 J _§_ - _3 !'I hiad-_ocum.en't m-11',l;§.-'1-j cantata:55.1,"-._4;1;,,,,_, ",,;,; t '-. F. __ Fl .. " eonchasxsnsof the FBI. It the 'p:_..p_~:-gyuf 15¢ F53- FB! 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V . _ -' 4| -921 - A _ - 92_' I "r' -w 1 -_..:;..-r...--¢-_-'9292V.._. . . V .... V '_.. = .. . -1- ~--_>a-- >:-- .. - . __ xi _ _ ;,i___' .7 ______"" i" -' ' . .-_'_'_';';,' 53. -- -'- _ :1.__i_;:;..-;_-... __ . . _... _._...___..e ... -53' a; ::. ._;...: . ..._. ...... _ ¢; - . -.. _..- t...;~_--; . .._;_'. .-_ ._-_..".. '0 . --- . _J a - A? i *%:e:%%--%d_='+£ , Q - . ..- ____ .. __.~ _ ,, 0 _, ~ _- _ r .. . - . , . _ -.- .-' - Z5 92, 92 '- ! - I - . - e v - Q ._ q, _ _ * 1- ' TES'i Il~i0:92'Y on vitmm BY snzwaxr rmannn an --- _ National Peace Education Secretary U American Friends Service Committee J e In August and September of this year I visited South Vietnam representing the American Friends Service Committee. My primary mission was to make firsthand ' inquiry into the general situation in Vietnam so that the peace education work of the AFSC could be better informed and bring more accurately into focus the essen- tial facts and issues about the war in Vietnam. Also; l visited the service activi- ties which are being carried on in South Vietnam by the AFSC. Ihese include a 7 1 prosthetic center in Quang Ngai and a variety of individual service assignments in the Saigon area. _ - During the course of my visit I talked with many Americans and many Vietnamese, both military and civilian. I talked with religious leaders, with journalists, with refugee officials, with students, with social workers, and with Americans working for voluntary service agencies. I visited the Central Vietnam city of Hue, as well as Qiang Ngai. I spent two days traveling by motor vehicle and helicopter to refugee camps, provincial and district headquarters, and remote hamlets. I crossed a river by canoe because a highway bridge between Hue and the airport had been blown up that same morning by the forces of the National Liberation Front. I eras in Qaang Ngai on September 3 and observed the balloting there in the South Vietnam election. On one occasion I watched American helicopters and dive bombers attacking a line of hills near a hospital I was visiting. Nightly, whether I was in Saigon or in a more remote area, I heard the sound of H & I harassment and interdiction! fire, sometimes close by, sometimes in the distance. From the things that I saw and the people I talked with I gained these 'i_m- pressions: - - 1 1. The U.S. armed forces and U.S. civilian employees are beleaguered in-South Vietnam. Everywhere one goes whether it be out in the countryside where active military operations are in progress, or in Saigon itself where the U.S. military presence is most apparent, U.S. armed forces and 11.5. civilian employees arebilleted and they work in heavily guarded enclaves, in buildings surrounded by barbed wire, sandbag barricades, cement-filled oil drums, grenade protection screens, and machine gt-l1'l.5. ' 2. The Vietnamese population surrounds the Americans wherever they are, and in every city and every part of the country the Americans cannot assume for a moment" ' that the V.C. will not emerge from amongst the civilian population, carry out hit- e; and-disappear propaganda meetings or armed attacks, and then melt back into the population, secure and unbetrayed. ' - _ ,- _ - r .. ' 3. Though the U.S. forces and civilian workers are constantly attempting to improve their Security arrangements, they move about with a constant awareness of - insecurity. , ; g W - . .. - . . I 1+. The Americans generally do not have a sense of clear purpose or of accom- _ plishment. The military personnel are there fora! yea:-_.and It is the goal of most _ c .._. !__ - .e .. _..,. _., ._:__ . _. _ _; , -..-....-_-..-__...... _.______,_.._, .____'___._ __,_,,_,__ 1 ,.,_,,__,__ dd" 4A.__ .__.:._,.|t -_ __T_'_ hI 'A- -__"_.__'..;-.2...-au_:_._. __..._...:s...e. _n.:.>....__.l.__._-.__ .... -.._ __ __... .- ___;+_::: _ __~ _ -_ _ - _ ._._ ._.__ . ._._ __ -_ -' - __ !-. '-_ :31 I. '" . - 4' '- -" - -e ~ ---s . . fa _._ -;-,.- - ' - _ -5 -1- . -- e -_ i J 1 e x _- _-4.-p V V . V . _ to last out the year and leave. The civilians are often quite candid about their high pay and their fringe benefits and their feeling that they would not be able to do nearly as well back in the States. e..;I:'_1"' - 1 . ___V._H I _ ...__-t Q, ' _ ,_ _r _ 5. There is great demoralization among-"many Vietnamese because of the low esteem in which they hold the Saigon regime. They feel that it is corrupt and graft-ridden. They have little respect for_;its leaders. On the other hand one hears Americans and Vietnamese alike refer to the NL_F in terms of respect; they D consider the to be honest in its dealings with the peasants and they say that i the NLF leadership is close to the people rather than separated by distinctions of status and privilege. . 1;-_ . l 6. The recent elections aroused little or no enthusiasm among the Vietnamese. ' The feeling was widespread that the elections were rigged from start to finish. 7.. There is virtually no freedom of dissent or of independent political action. hears persistent rumors that the jails -are packed with political prisoners who Onesubjected to torture -and beatings, - _ . ere 8. The elections are viewed by Vietnamese and many Americans as changing nothing in Vietnam, but useful to the Johnson Administration for propaganda purposes in the 11.5. e - . ' u In this situation I reached three basicconclusions, oneeconomic, onehumani- tarian, and one political. ."'' . t pl. :lf1}e_ec_onomyof South Vietnam is being Jiegstroyed by the war. perhaps irretrievabg. . South Vietnam, instead of remaining a major rice export area, is now importing nearly one million tons this year. Rubber_exports have been cut in half. A signifi- ' cant new war-related export item is scrap metal, bought by Japanese junk dealers and shipped to Yokohama. e V - i I . _ ....s..e_ .. . _ , , Meanwhile imports of highly sophisticated western products, mainly from the U.S. and Japan, soar. In four years the ratio of imports to exports has gone up from J.-to-1 to 25-to-1. ' _ C; -" , "L This grossly artificial economic activity is made possible, and even essential, by the vast influx of consumer buying power in the form of wages, both military and -civilian, and other war-related activities. iiithout the flood of western imported goods inflation would bring all economic activity to ea halt. As it is, inflation is a continuing crisis problem. Those who suffer most are the villagers and those who " ' profit the most are the urban privileged class in government, business, and the upper levels of the military. ' e a i »-- 3 The 'v'ietnamesemoney earn in this 12$. "financed economy by the services they render in several major highly lucrative, war-related occupations: ' thel! construe: i tion of luxury housing and office buildings for foreigners and wealthy Vietnamese, - ' ! military service, ! prostitution, land ! bribery and influence peddling. . 0 "-V -- - V ' , -~ - A- -. --.- _-- __ -_...... -1~..._-'__o.s-,.._'. ..-92 _.,1- . ,______b _ s. _ -- ek . ,3 _-'.4n.u.._ *-.~ --.-.- . i -V 7 ._.¢-.. -Y.-N...» .-t.. -- .. r,._ ' '. I , . _ U' a 4 _ . -, K! _ ! . ' 92 _ J 3 I. Meanwhile U.S. and Japanese businesses share in the profits from the war. Over _ B00 U.S. firms have commercial representatives in $aigon.sel1ing automobiles, motor 7 scooters, radio and electronic equipment, food products, air-conditioning equipment, and a wide range of other luxury consumer goods. ' _ Thus as Vietnam's oun productive capacities are being destroyed the United ' ' States finds itself using Vietnam as a dumping ground for excess U.S. dollars and _ excess U.S. and Japanese manufactured goods. Those who profit are the U.S. and . Japanese manufacturers, the Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam who are in on 0 the graft, and the high-salaried Americans and top Vietnamese who are running the ' war and its related activities. Those who are victimized are the Vietnamese peasants, young people, and urban poor; also the young Americans who are sent into combat. Those who foot the bill are the American tax-payers. . Thus, economically the war exploits the Vietnamese people and the American tax payers for the profit of American and Japanese industry. The enormous wealth which top Vietnamese acquire in the process is incidental. I question whether this economic exploitation was initially a direct motivating cause of the war; it is however a clear and dominant aspect of the war situation as it has developed, and it is a ¢ powerful barrier now to peace.! II. Ihe cuituralnlife of the common people of Vietnam is;being_obliterated. Over 80% of the South Vietnamese people have normally lived in villages or in the countryside. Approximately 3 million of these have become refugees during recent years of heightened U.S. military operations in Vietnam. Thus with a total non-urban population of about 12,500,000, about 252 of the peasant and village population of South Vietnam have been driven from their homes and their rice paddies and they have been crowded into refugee camps and into city slums. Informed Americans in Vietnam estimate that 85% of the refugees have fled not to escape the Viet Cong, but to get away from U.S. bombing and H & I fire. Their homes-have been fired on, their villages have been deliberately burned or bombed, and whole areas have been literally bull- dozed out of existence. hile a peasant society is both more vulnerable and more resilient than a mmre sophisticated society to some forms of attack from without, we can get some notion of the dimensions of the carnage of war in Vietnam if we ask ourselves what the effect on our society vouldibe if a proportionate number of our people had been driven from their homes by war and had had their homes destroyed. For us the number would be about 35 or 1+0 million people. This approaches the dimensions of disaster which we ' would experience in an initial nuclear attack. . - - - Hhen our military leaders talk of the war continuing for years, what do they a think will be left of Vietnam? How can a country suffering such havoc survive? .At What point does the further extension of.a war cross the line that divides mass e . killing from genocide, war damage from war crime? Ihe creation of refugees is not a by-product of this war but an integral part of it, planned as a necessary strategy to destroy.the base of NLF guerilla operations. This strategy takes for granted the supporting relationship between NLF forces and the Vietnam village people. Io destroy essential support for the NLF militarily our armed forces now destroy the villages_and turn the village people into refugees. 9/ _' - , ' _ " "T. .1. "J.'T. .Ljt '1' '4>4~ " ""' "". .__ ;:..__;,_ ~;~_-, ___:-_;._ ___-_..-_- ..__ --_._-_i_.___. __._i__. ._._.-, ... V __ .-....- _ . . . V-_ _;--e -._::: ---.A - -_ _ . ',_ . Ir -0 _. , . _- Q - . . fa __ 7 I P.-.1 _ _ . ' _ '- -4-, '- 1 An official U.S. memorandum titled §tatus of Refugee Program states in part: In 1968 with the increase of military activity in the more densely settled areas, new refugees should number 600,000 with about 300,000 being re-established during A A -_n_ *L._e! J -I CHE some period." - - ~ ~;.- -- -~-»= ;=~ "~ » - The U.S. authorities not only acknowledge the essential connection between Wmilitary activity" and rising estimates of "new refugees"; they also plan to ex- ploit the misery of the refugees to gain support for the South Vietnamese government in whose behalf our armed forces are creating the refugees in the first place. " ' The above memorandum states: "Refugees by virtue of their numbers, their recognizable identity as a disadvantaged and compassionate group, and most impor-o tently their family and the village connections in contested and Viet Cong areas; . pregent a singular and readily e5ploitable opportunity to inc;ease_popular support of the Government of Vietnam within Vietnam and abroad." Emphasis supplied! Thus even the humanitarian impulses of those who feel pity for the refugees are included in the calculations of the U.S. authorities who are responsible for 1 carrying out the war programs in Vietnam. First they destroy villages. Then they _I encourage compassionate concern for the refugees from the destroyed villages. Then they use the works of compassion as evidence of the fine qualities of the Govern- I-hnu cnnlr l-n i ment of Vietnam and in this say _..-J -.....~ ...-. justify destroying more villages to keep this government in power. The truth is that genuine humanitarian purposes can- not be fulfilled until the U.S. military activities in Vietnam are ended, and no humanitarian programs connected with the military activities are truly humanitarian unless they serve to bring the war to a halt rather than justify its continuation. III. Zoliticalnlife in South Vietnam has but two dimensions; the massive military . intervention of the United States and the seeminggigexhaustible_capacity of thegNLF tocontinueeffective resistance. -'0 - With the recent election of the military junta and the swift crushing of those 1 Iwho charged that the election was rigged, the doom of any likely independent nen- Iront" political activity in South Vietnam was sealed. _ . Ruors and reports of jails bulging with political prisoners in South Vietnam, and of intensive interrogations accompanied by torture as a matter of routine are widespread. At the same time students and others who have been engaged vigorously in non-Communist struggle movement activities against the Saigon regime say that .many of their number are coming to the conclusion that the NLF is the only alterna- tive to the'corrupt, foreign dominated, militaristic Saigon government. They say that many already have joined the Front and more yet are giving it serious considera- tion. They say that the Front is growing in strength. They say_that U.S. policy in South Vietnam is creating Communists. -__ ' -A , . -i ' The basic desire of most Vietnamese is for peace. All V etnamese except the - 1 top leadership group have an enormous stake in peace; without it they cannot survive as Vietnamese. Only the leadership group around Thieu and Ky has a compelling stake in blocking peace moves. Most of them have a clear and unblemished record of fight-" ing alongside foreign powers against Vietnamese nationalists. First it was the ..' French; now it is the Americans. ' _' o ' . -5"--J " ' _ V. if . . ._. . ' a '-.---'-o--:____%_=:_-. -_;_._: 1-~ =_ ~_: V- --i -r.____ - 1I m _ *Zi ;§I:|p1- . _ ~i-in 1_.p -.... .- i -oi aav ; -U _}> I 4 - _é_ -0 sir _. __,--r . r . _'i .4 , '_ 5 "'~ -1 D 1 h - -7 .,'', .92-J. '" time financial stake which the leaders of the South Vietnamese Government have v in the war is fabulous. Through graft and influence peddling they have access to " .American dollars beyond their dreams under the French. And the entire golden 1 p stream would be cut off if the war ended. They cannot afford peace. And they are a the ones we are fighting for. - " " -' This situation can be changed only by radical action by the United States. This should follow along the following lines: * - ~ 1. The United States should publicly acknowledge the failure of a basically_- military response to the essentially economic and political problems in Vietnam. It should declare its decision to initiate clearly stated and swiftly phased military de-escalation and withdrawal. This would include cessation of bomb- ing, of search and destroy missions, of free fire zones, etc., but it would go much further and would be within the context of a total plan for withdrawal which would not be contingent upon political choices made by the Vietnamese. - 2. iThe United States should withdraw its financial support from the Saigon . regime because of the graft, corruption, and war-focused character of Q a that regime's leaders and top officials. i SI 3. The United States should release from all of the South Vietnamese jails 1 the political prisoners which are being held there, and it should -strictly refrain from giving any support to governmental efforts to suppress the freedom of any Vietnamese to engage in peaceful political discussion, debate, and public demon- strations. Uhere police or other armed uits use U.S. arms to suppress such acti-. ! wities the U.S. forces should disarm them. _ -la. The United States should organize emergency direct food and shelter aid i programs for people in need during the interim period of new political E mctivity which these measures would generate, during which the Vietnamese them- . " selves would be deciding how long Ihieu and Ky would remain in power and who should r take their -place. ' a e _ ' 5. The United States should negotiate with whatever powers continue or emerge in Vietnam during this period on the following matters: - _ -Ia '1he complete withdrawal of U.5. armed forces. - .b_ How -and in what forms." and quantities U.S. resources might be made available for the rebuilding of'Vietnam. - _ ~ - - c.'_Uhat safeguards might be provided for the safety of Vietnamese who have been identified with the U.S. military intervention. This should in- clude but not be confined to enabling some to emigrate. But the basic v --effort should be to encourage talks among the Vietnamese themselves which would take into account the new situation and plan for the future, leav-. i ing behind the tragic past. _ _ 1 If such a course were to be pursued it would involve many perplexing difficulties I many inequities, many cruelties and brutalities, and many compromises with what we , as Americans like to think are our basic principles. I am gonvinced that the diffi4 eulties, the inequities, the cruelties and brutalities, and _'92lhe compromisesof our . a ~ _ " 4- "_ _.._.i_.__»- _._. ._ _. ._. .-.~_._,_-_-.--...¢..._..--._ ' ' ' ' " . . In c - * * ' -'- Q -_-"- ' . '- ' 0- . -- " _~_ 92 1 ! i -7 _ _ - O Q ' J ; ' -,* 92 ' . _ - all _-is-._ .1 ! ' . present course are far greater and far less manageable than these would be. J t Some fear an admission by America of defeat, or of having been wrong. In my _ mind such an admission in this situation would greatly strengthen.the confidence of people everywherein American integrity and goodwill. In the long rum I think " we as a nation would gain face rather than lose it, and that the world vould be better off. I am sure the Vietnamese would be. a - I. ##4## e E :- NoV- | O 4 I I I - ' _ ____,,,______',_;...__.-..=-oi:-mr.nor -rr--._1rri-:r::= Iii: E.:::::'.9. !§0 92b'¢"'-73- " 7 W _ - r _ --- we contents' i . . .1l .i£5 11"--7"Z - - ii: -ut-¢..':-as 0&3 ;-a-iv I ¢ :'.1 1.; t. Yr. 1.1.51.-u--1-~41-I - J - -. . . "; -I "' % 2 3 .' it - __ . h--1"! * a . ' .. "_.. -». ..'.. _- : .:r-.;_£,__.,._._.. . I _.~_-_...._~- ~ -Z, _. -... _.'. , ._ .¢ ______. J _ ' _.-.L;..._._._ ' ._1__ .__t.______._ ._,u- _ ___..___.... . gi ' ' __ _ M _ mt a- -_-_ 92_ ~--; 1 _ - A H _ _ e..__.. J 1 - Bin':;, .hairr:.:.n of the NLF delegation arid G. - ...... b.-at-h---¢ »- or n I gm; 1-'ttt: .t'$ Central Committee, who _ soolte° 92.;;_1._ B:-Onsgn Q};..t., Russell Johnson, and me so: ap- Prc"ci: _'.£.téi92' two }....n-s Tait-In; note of the Pi.oer.i:92: mis- sior. to .92'.-.éa~. 1- Ze:u;un and the .-HFSC prograrn in .- iouth Possible Not:ritiimcnt for Friends Peace L'lI!.l£JI Vietnazn, .92i:.d:.::u' llinh rcised the issue of obtaznzng '"Food for thought ? Yes. I brought bael-i quite a bit I Qua ; ;;1§¢f for the Front to asszst those hurt by the from Bratislava. I ofier these nal observations for tear in and arou:-..! the liberated areas in South Vietnam. Friends further digestion. - TL ; weleogae your utztteriai assistance." $hC 5?ld- F0? 7-1'15Fl-1- Si. I am convinced that the Vietnamese with v.'horn time being, your In-ii: on metucal aid and money is in a I met value the witness of Friends as a distinct con:ribu- good direction." non toward ending the war. They made it clear that they Madame Binlfs associate, Ha Thanh Lam, the NLF welcozne the IDCQlC.EI.l supplies of American Friends both representative in 1'.-zigue, clari ed a further reasonnioras a contribution to the reliei of their su ering and as a eh; F1-9111'; intgrcsl in Quaker relzet. "Your 2.Ci.i92'l[lCS:' ne confrontation with the 13.5. Government's strategy oi pointed out, "thou;-_h proceeding from good motivations.attrition. I realize that some Friends have felt no medical F311 be uggd by liar U5. and S2tigOt't GO'92'¢I 1'11'I1¬I'1»lS 10aid should be extended save on our terms," while others tnhancg ghg P3151 ii-.1 Zlfld Lh 'P3Cl {3l.lOi'l' BEOIIS Of lll urge that we shift the focus of our energies to "more Saigon puppet :'t'}'_ll11l .2." V92'he:-ever voluntary agencies political" efforts to stop the war. Still others have ex- 1 £5005; 1° ¢5;_=_b1i§!. relief operations in cooperation wit1h Saigon, he said, tln-y inadvertently encourage and enabtepressed concern at mixing what they perceive as our reli- LLS. and Saigon military forces to evacuate and destroygious responsibility [or relief with our political responsi- nearby contested villngcs and to herd people toyvard new bility for protest. For myself. 1 should merely like to urge "approved" 1o;;; i..u.~: adjacent to the reiiei £aetl1t1es.'1"hethat while we continue tohdelibcrate over what a more s 1';-On; thcfcfgfg ,..-i-its outside aid to give an alternative to relevant, more radical, more Quaker action toward the I war should be, we do not lose sight of the very real and 5' those whose 1-illagrs r 1'-'11=i distinct witness we can make now. For if indeed it has Info:-ngd Q5 I- i ii-nds' continuing concern that Quaker become the national interest of these United States "u'1e...n..at""*" or relic. iwrsonnel accompany our relief sup- P1£¢5_ madam; ltinh explained that "the time as not bleed the Vietnamese to death or the conference table. then surely the least we can do is to put our governmentIO.1 right"- that it was unlikely that our personnel could on notice that Friends are in the business'oi giving 5 P _a1; vi:-mamett-_ H . rate by ashlight . . in underground uverm, keep p;m- with the Liberation Forces, and sur- transfusions. -vive on 111; basic dict oi the Vietnamese. Already the A Di erent Commanding _O ieer Front's £Xpet l¢ t't- with American prisoners has revealed Second, while striving to maintain our unequivocal how much spefiill attention" foreigners require. In con- opposition to hatred, violence, and bloodshed on both cluding, M:1dan:'t- llinh said gently: "I suggest you re- sides of the war, we dare not overlook the implications nv-srninn ._..-...... un ,.. . Qil;!g!;§:' ,.. PQl'h§92_D§-. I - 511: §'LlE'E'C§l.ed, _..,¢. Friends of our relief work in connection with the political struggle could nd "2.noliu-|' way to extend relief to her people.for peace. We cannot continue to help wherever we are We hope." she illlll d, "that these words may give you permitted to help" without asking political questions- 92 8Otr:e F""'i_infood for thm:gl1L" or answering our own religious queries. Every humani- ns-I I92I92 - -+ -._ . -. .--9292.._. -".12-C.-.1 -A .--.-. a mgr F - S I-Illllll bl VI : PC tau. Ll Q use Pun t..su. Lu attguc uca. 92Ju92'.P 1. ously, with the recently announced cutbacks in USAID < funds to South Vietnam and the -shift of village work ft-or: civilian to military command, U.S. voluntary relief agencies are likely to find themselves under Ii . _ V ._4_q ...-, _, ;- 1 __V _.T ,1 .-,_.- ;._ A_.g_-___ _;____, - ;_ _,_.~:92 _, .; 92__ _._._..l92.'n ..'|-92-_;§u|-4.--a-4 .'.__ ._.__.-_---- ------__ _ _ ,,_,,,._?. ___.--._i_.-___. .__ . YD-I 5C_ Rev.7-10-I-In . > . 92! . l . '0 " nu I ,_s:" - -v I .-I 1 _ 4 - . u . i . i.'.our.9Cliepil-.5 in $pc:|: 5:-low! r r-ad -'-.-" - .'"- ; i J -" 55,1-t-is ii ' _ 1 i 133' Ross '6- if " >s =Q ._.::.e:r.y '.F:..A.92':92o.u< 7 i 5 .5:-_ @- I rivilege to partial;-,:a1e in Sepaentbcr, as one --nu.-n F P 5-I :- -lends {92ri:l~. If-t'0. .so:2 Clnri; anal Russell 1 3 is» 92 linsor. oz the Azztericclr. Friemls Service Coznzniuee}, in J 92 week-10:2; eo:*.:'e:'ence in B:'r.:isln92'a_, Czechoslo92'r.l;i:t, H bi -with the Czechoslovakian Peace Coanmiuee as hos1.Tlte Y ir meczings. errangezl by Daria! Dellinger, editor of Libera- i~. tiorr, b:"o'.;gl".: re-gezlzer :'o:':}'-one Aznericzlns generally rep- i» 1'cse: .:a:i92'e of the "I92'ew Left" with eight members of the 192'a:.io:al Liberation Fron: and eleven cizivens of the 5-_ an-~ I- Democratic Republic oi Vietnam. I-Iistory rnay record this as :. highly signilirzanz meedzag in that it involved the ndsccte D -Tee, ne:.n oi l largest racrnber of Viezneniese auencl a conic-renee -~ W:ncwip ptt, thy nd IIRHQ-I outside their country since the Geneva Conference of i 1954 and also represerueal the rst time 3 group of NLF ~ represerzzrztives hacl sat clown with :1 group of Amerlrnns. 1 92 The conference sessions were largely devoted to the 92 prese.-nation of formal statements, professions of mutual l 92 l 6 arimirztion. and the enumeration and cxclmnge of ques- .:ions for furzher discussion. The NLF4 placed major i emphasis in ins staiernenr. on the historical clcvcloprnem i Di the Fronfs struggle for ittelepemicrice and the quality 4 of no in izs "1ib¢m¢a zones," wl-.ile Llte North Vietnam; iese focnsccl their presenmtion around their country : 1 CXLEI'l.92i92't': and imaginative arrangements to cope with stepped-up American bombing. The American delega- § zior. p:'ese:*.te _.__...__. - ...._ _ -.-_-mu. - - <1 - , - - 7 ~ _ , - - . - 3 I ' .- I . 1 . v _P _ , _ _ _ . -> ,n_. . . _ 1 pres:-t:¥e--to become ever more se:iou.sI}' implies:-ed-.-er ! involvezi in our governmenfs p:.:i5c:.tion p:"ogrnrn_ if Friends icel 111:: it is importan; for us to szay and min- ister to the su@ings of our bro ..'".ers in South Viemnm, then surely it is essential that we minister to persons of -all b3Ci§gTOl.lI1d5 and beliefs who seller there, including the millions of people living in areas controlled by the NLF. Vfhen one reads of an appeal by GCHC1 1 92'92'illiam 'Wes:moreland November22, 1955! on behalf of Quaker relief in South Vietnam, one reatiily sees how important it is for all concerned that Friends, Friends agencies and friends programs make clees by their actions that Quak- ~crs sen-'e a different Commanding O icer. I. Third, again at Bratislava I was reminded of how cheap words are -how easily we Americans in tellectualize, rite war and ignore our real responsibilities for ending it: Talking with the Vietnamese, one could not help but be strucl; by the oontras: between the total commitmenf! of their lives and the sh:-tllowness that has typi ed so 1 much oi our own protest. Tr: prepared to suiier through the war in Vietnam if that will bring people to a realiza- s tion of the futility of war," remarked one_Friend recently, I urging his Yearly Meeting no: to ac: lawlessly by extend- n ing relief to all parts of Vietnam. Ye: surely we fool no one but ourselves if we think we can successfully adopt I ouch a detached and unfeeling posture towartl the human a -zra E ed 1' -of Vietnam and . still survive the war as Friends. R.0ss_F1:.na;;::n of Berkeley C.-J55.!Meeting. a eojotrming mem- ber of i92ew York kin:-ulrly Meeting. is project secretary of Xcw York Yearly Meeting : experlnientul Project on Community Con ict. He . has been assisting meetings concerned to extend Quaker relief to all parts of Vietnam. ' t " -nIi'92 , I _ 1 . . 7 - .. i Q ,______'.-- ,__,,__, - I - t . H ,=_ .-au;P'1'. __ _ _ - ..----_ _ n_ , , ____s . . .-_. - J . A is ..,.. _-._-_-,_,,__l_..,-__4__._._.__.__..._ _ . _, . -_ ., _ _ s;e;,;si, ,-- __ V A r sew _.._¢ ss_ _ ' _,______,,._, ..__..i.r.;._ _ . .__¢.-._,._..._.._._ _... _ ... ____ .. ___. ._..__._-.e._.'.._T.. . _. F i " *92e.;* s 3;? ;; P! u J1 _ _ .. . .___ so . , ¢ . ,_.. . _ . . . _. __. ' P I_ L _ . . - ~ '- ' ""- ~ . --' . " '.i.v .- ~-->1 1 - . - __92 .s"__,__ _i. I _ _ ' '-J95--92--'1. .._...-_- _ _ - W - rt" 1*1:--J -----"92-L__Ii" r - --_-_ _ 7- i I' "7 _ - ' furnished a leaflet captioned 'Appeal to e Conscience of America for Peace with ' ' Honor in Vietnam" issued by the Catholic Worker, Committee g for Non-Violent Action, Student Peace Union, and War Resistors League, all New York. STEWART MEACHAM appeared e among the signers or the declaration which stated in part '92 as follows: ' in Es hereby declare our conscientious reresel to cooperate with the United States Government in the prosecution of the war in Vietnam. He encourage those who can conscientiously do so to v refuse to serve in the armed forces and to ask for 1 discharge if they are already in. . _ Those or us who are subject to the draft ourselves declare our own intention to refuse to serve. He urge others to refuse and refuse ourselves_to take part in the manufacture or transportation of military equipment, or to work in the fields of military research » ..__I -¢ _ _ _ _ -.--= -l_--Q-QQ __ L anti. IH PUIl§ ucwcaupncnu. _ ' . ,,. | He shall encourage the development of other nonviolent - I acts, including acts which involve civil disobedience, in order to stop the {low of American soldiers and ! munitions to Vietnam. . ' S . If _? > . This docunent contains neither reconnendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency. - - W ,_ --'- r . . . - _ . , 9 s -' _ - -rF | --Q*- _ ' - -~e" 0 . I ..._.| c r_- . 4 1